CN102498843B - Sweet potato cultivation method in hills and mountains - Google Patents
Sweet potato cultivation method in hills and mountains Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sweet potato cultivation method in hills and mountains, comprising the following steps of: A, selecting variety; B, raising seedlings: the seeding time is in March, the seeded potatoes are oblique in rows with head up and tail down, plant ash is covered after seeding, fine soil is covered, dual gold herbicide and glyphosate are sprayed on the ridges, and mulching film is coated; C, planting: considering that the blocks in hills and mountains have different sizes, micro-ridge single-row planting is adopted, the planting time of spring potato is in April, the planting time of summer potato is in May, the head and the middle of seedlings are cut, oblique planting is adopted, soil is covered, and moisture supply is maintained after planting; D, applying fertilizer: sweet potato is potassium-liking crop and the applied fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer; and E, intertilling, weeding and earthing up: intertilling has the effect on breathing and is performed after planting, the depth becomes shallow, and weeding and earthing up are combined with intertilling. The method is easy and simple to operate, adopts micro-ridge single-row planting, efficiently uses the soil, causes the seedbed to be insulated, prompts the potato tubers to sprout quickly and abundantly, simultaneously can inhibit occurrence of black spot, and increases the yield by 20-30%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the crop cultivation methods technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of hilly and mountainous land sweet potato cultivation method, the method can be utilized idle hilly and mountainous land sweet potato planting, and sweet potato plantation per unit area yield is improved greatly, promotes the development of sweet potato agriculture industrialization.The present invention is suitable for the production plantation of hilly and mountainous land sweet potato, also is suitable for applying of southern mountain sweet potato production simultaneously.
Background technology
Hunan Province's sweet potato cultivated area is 300,000 hm approximately
2, the past, because sweet potato variety is single, degenerates serious, the culture technique misoperation of peasant household, and the strength deficiency of input field management, labor productivity reduces, and causes yield of sweet potato to improve, and frustrates to a great extent the enthusiasm that has subtracted the Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households sweet potato.Add a large amount of outputs of the between twenty and fifty labour in rural area in recent years, stay-at-home women or old man's labour capacity are limited, virtually cause the waste of land resources, the development of restriction hilly and mountainous land sweet potato plant husbandry.In recent years, the product of introduce cultivating through Hu'nan Prov. Crops Research Inst. are of fine quality, strong adaptability, can be for eating raw, processing, feeding Sweetpotato, Ge city (county) obtains large-scale popularization, make to plant family and can select suitable sweet potato variety according to the needs of oneself, or plant high starch sweet potato kind and be processed into starch, or plantation is eaten sweet potato variety raw and is processed into potato chips, Quan Fen etc.When promoting the sweet potato varieties of plant, Hu'nan Prov. Crops Research Inst. also Ge Shi city (county) carries out the sweet potato cultivation technical training, and carry out aspectant question and answer with peasant household, and solve the puzzlement of Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households sweet potato, greatly improved the enthusiasm of Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households sweet potato.
Hunan Province's land resources is abundant, the whole province's land area 21.81 ten thousand km
2, the mountain and hill area accounts for 80% of the whole province's gross area, relatively concentrates Chenzhou, the Hengyang that is distributed in Xiang Nan, the Zhuzhou of Xiang Dong, Changsha, Changde of North of Hunan, the Huaihua in the western Hunan, the districts and cities such as Zhong Shaoyang, Hunan, have the alternate characteristics of Shao, ridge, many Plains, mountain paddy, belong to subtropics wettability monsoon climate, a year sunshine duration is 1300～1800h, average temperature of the whole year is 16～18 ℃, mean annual precipitation is between 1200～1700mm, and sunshine and precipitation focused mostly in 4～October, is applicable to the sweet potato growing plantation.
The popularization of kind, popularizing of high-yield culture technique, add advantageous land resources and weather conditions, promoted the normal development of Hunan hilly and mountainous land sweet potato plantation industry, many cities (county) set up sweet potato plantation cooperative society, peasant household also actively puts in the production plantation of sweet potato, becomes a member of cooperative society.Businessman is the development of good sweet potato converted products also, and part city (county) sets up the production lines such as sweet potato starch, sweet potato vermicelli, Instant noodles prepared from sweet potato, dehydrated sweet potato, sweet potato whole powder, greatly promotes the effective development of Sweet Potato Industry.
By the present invention, obtain high yield on the basis that can make peasant household improve in the sweet potato planting technology, obtain certain economic benefit, solve the problem of employment of part peasant household on the one hand, promote on the other hand the development of our province Sweet Potato Industry.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the technical problem that current hilly and mountainous land sweet potato cultivation method is unreasonable, yield poorly.The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of hilly and mountainous land sweet potato cultivation method, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, adopt the micro-ridge single file to plant, effectively utilized the insulation of ，Shi seedbed, soil, impel the rudiment of potato piece many again soon, can suppress the generation of black spot simultaneously, make output improve 20-30%.
A kind of hilly and mountainous land sweet potato cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1, select kind: select drought resisting through country or the plantation of the suitable Hunan of provincial authorization hilly and mountainous land, barren-resistant eat raw, high yielding variety or virus-free seed potato.As high starch kind has No. 20, Xu potato 22, Hunan potato etc.; Eat the kind Hunan potato is arranged No. 19, Soviet Union No. 8, potato, No. 7, ten thousand potato etc. raw; Virus-free seed potato has detoxification Xu potato 18, detoxification Xu potato 22 etc.
2, grow seedlings: be 5-20 day in March sowing time, 42-48 days before the cuttage of land for growing field crops, whole wide be 1.3-1.7m bedding (bag ditch), open wide 31-35cm seed furrow on furrow, dark 17～20cm, ditch is apart from 0.5-0.7m, mu sealing fertilizer (compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N: P: K=15%: 15%: 15%) 23-27kg, and cake-shaped rape seed dregs 23-27kg makes base manure.The sowing potato is oblique seeding, and upward, afterbody down, can make to emerge neat head.Broadcast ash on bonnet, then cover with fine earth (8 order fine earth), spraying herbicide on the face of ridge (Jin Douer and glyphosate), be covered with the wide mulch film of 1.8-2.2m.Cover film can take full advantage of luminous energy, improves seedling bed temperature, is beneficial to and cultivates strong sprout, keep soil moisture (general soil water content 12～15%), increase space humidity, and can accelerate the decomposition of the soil organic matter, keep the seedbed humidity not harden, increase gas permeability.When seedling bed temperature, during at 20～35 ℃, temperature is higher, and the rudiment of potato piece is many again soon, also can suppress the generation of black spot.Emerge 24～28 ℃ of rear maintenance bed temperatures of sweet potato, soil wet 80～90%.When seedling bed temperature surpasses 35 ℃, growth of seedling is had to inhibitory action, should take off in time film.Described cake-shaped rape seed dregs refers to the caked dregs that are left after the rape seed oil expression, can be used as fertilizer.
3, plant in good time: not of uniform size in view of the hilly and mountainous land plot, should adopt the micro-ridge single file to plant, get row spacing (bag ditch) 0.6-0.8m, the high 0.23-0.27m in ridge does ridge.Temperature is 15～16 ℃, and 8-12cm ground temperature is 17～18 ℃ can plant, and the potato time of planting in spring is late April, and the potato time of planting in summer is mid or late May, strives early planting, and Planting Densities is 3600～4000 plant/acres.Cutting seedling is head section seedling 5-6 joint in principle, middle thinning 4 joints, and oblique cutting, earthing 2 joints, plant in latter three days and will keep moisture (keeping soil moisture content 60～70%) to supply with.Keeping, under sufficient moisture condition, increasing the growth rate of root system, can effectively prevent again the excessive vaporization of potato seedling moisture under burning sun.
4, fertilising: sweet potato is happiness potassium crop, and fertilising be take fertilizer as main, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary, subtracts nitrogen, steady phosphorus, increases potassium.Every mu of organic fertilizer 3000-4000kg while planting, purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 8-12kg, 28-32kg, 18-22kg, and phosphorus, potassium apply in cave, and short seedling is early sent out, and nitrogen is watered (urea: water=1: 100-150) water and execute in latter 15 days in planting; After planting 60～70 days every mu be watered and water with potassium sulphate 8-12kg, keep the climing vigorous not excessive growth again of stem, the potato piece expands rapidly.Described fertilizer, be commonly called as farmyard manure, comprises with various animals, plant residue or metabolite and forming, as human and animal excreta, stalk, animal residue, slaughter house discarded object etc.Also comprise in addition cake fertilizer (colza cake, cottonseed cake, soya-bean cake, sesame-send cake, castor cake, tea seed cake etc.), compost, make compost, barnyard manure, natural pond fertilizer, green manure etc.
5, intertillage, weeding and ridging: intertillage has effect ventilative, that heat, after planting, to (30-40 days) before sealing ridge, once deeply intertills, and after this every intertillage in 28-32 days once, the degree of depth is gradually shallow.Weeding and ridging can be carried out in conjunction with intertillage.Intertill and clean tillage can make the gas permeability of soil strong, and aqueous vapor is regulated more satisfactory, easily forms the piece root, and the knot potato is shallow and piece shape is large, and output is high.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage and effect:
A, not virus-free seed potato due to potato seed itself, with virus, planting the malicious plant of rear band can't normal growth, knot potato stature is little, poor growth also can pass virus to cause other plot by aphis propagation, thereby cause output to improve.The present invention uses the Virus-free Sweetpotato potato seed, can make output improve 15～25%.Within 2008, in base, Xin Dianping village, Huaihua City Zhi Jiang county, Hunan Province, carry out 22 experiments in cultivation of detoxification Xu potato, contrast as Xu's potato 22, establish three repetitions.Through surveying, produce, average every mu is increased production 20% than contrast.
B, the present invention use the wide ridge of 1.5m (bag ditch) to do furrow, and spraying herbicide after the potato seed earthing, grown seedlings with the wide plastic mulching of 2m.Cover film can take full advantage of luminous energy, improves seedling bed temperature, is beneficial to and cultivates strong sprout, keeps soil moisture, increase space humidity, and can accelerate the decomposition of the soil organic matter, keep the seedbed humidity not harden, increase gas permeability, impel the rudiment of potato piece many again soon, can suppress the generation of black spot simultaneously.
C, the present invention is directed to the characteristics in hilly and mountainous land plot, adopt the micro-ridge single file to plant, can effectively utilize soil.Cut the seedling joint number for head section seedling 5-6 joint, middle thinning 4 joints, oblique cutting, earthing 2 joints, keeping, under sufficient moisture condition, increasing the growth rate of root system, can effectively prevent again the excessive vaporization of potato seedling moisture under burning sun.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of hilly and mountainous land sweet potato cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1, select kind: selecting Xu's potato 22 is testing line, and Xu's potato 22 is to take Henan potato No. 7 (Nanfeng County * Xu potatos 18) for maternal, and the potato No. 7 (No. 10 * AISO122-2 of potato helps) of reviving of take forms as the paternal hybrid seed selection.
2, grow seedlings: be March 10 sowing time, in front 1 first quarter moon of land for growing field crops cuttage, whole wide be 1.5m bedding (bag ditch), open wide 33cm seed furrow on furrow, dark 18cm, ditch is apart from 0.6m, mu sealing fertilizer (compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N: P: K=15%: 15%: 15%) 25kg, and cake-shaped rape seed dregs 25kg makes base manure.The sowing potato is oblique seeding, and upward, afterbody down, can make to emerge neat head.Broadcast ash on bonnet, then cover with fine earth, spraying herbicide on the face of ridge (Jin Douer and glyphosate), be covered with the wide mulch film of 2m.Cover film can take full advantage of luminous energy, improves seedling bed temperature, is beneficial to and cultivates strong sprout, keeps soil moisture, increases space humidity, and can accelerate the decomposition of the soil organic matter, keeps the seedbed humidity not harden, and increases gas permeability.When seedling bed temperature, during at 20～35 ℃, temperature is higher, and the rudiment of potato piece is many again soon, can suppress the generation of black spot simultaneously.Emerge 24～28 ℃ of rear maintenance bed temperatures of sweet potato, soil wet 80～90%.Described cake-shaped rape seed dregs refers to the caked dregs that are left after the rape seed oil expression, can be used as fertilizer.
3, plant in good time: not of uniform size in view of the hilly and mountainous land plot, should adopt the micro-ridge single file to plant, get row spacing (bag ditch) 0.7m, the high 0.25m in ridge does ridge.Temperature is 15～16 ℃, and 10cm ground temperature is 17～18 ℃ can plant, and the potato time of planting in spring is late April, and Planting Densities is 3800 plant/acres; The potato time of planting in summer is mid or late May, and Planting Densities is 3600 plant/acres, strives early planting.Cutting seedling is head section seedling 5 or 6 joints in principle, middle thinning 4 joints, and oblique cutting, earthing 2 joints, plant in latter three days and will keep moisture to supply with.Keeping, under sufficient moisture condition, increasing the growth rate of root system, can effectively prevent again the excessive vaporization of potato seedling moisture under burning sun.
4, fertilising: sweet potato is happiness potassium crop, and fertilising be take fertilizer as main, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary, subtracts nitrogen, steady phosphorus, increases potassium.Every mu of organic fertilizer 1000kg while planting, purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 10kg, 30kg, 20kg, and phosphorus, potassium apply in cave, and short seedling is early sent out, and nitrogen is watered (urea: water=1: 150-250) water and execute in latter 15 days in planting; Plant latter 62 days every mu be watered and water with potassium sulphate 10kg, keep the climing vigorous not excessive growth again of stem, the potato piece expands rapidly.The described fertilizer of described fertilizer is the fertilizer that animal wastes, stalk bedding and padding stack retting are made.
5, intertillage, weeding and ridging: intertillage has effect ventilative, that heat, after planting, to (planting latter 32 days) before sealing ridge, once deeply intertills, and after this every intertillage in 30 days once, the degree of depth is gradually shallow.Weeding and ridging can be carried out in conjunction with intertillage.Intertill and clean tillage can make the gas permeability of soil strong, and aqueous vapor is regulated more satisfactory, easily forms the piece root, and the knot potato is shallow and piece shape is large, and output is high.
Described each kind all will be filled in the genetic resources table, please in Table.
According to the characteristics of Hunan Province's hilly and mountainous land, carry out the sweet potato planting density, plant the phase, the field trial research of amount of nitrogen, phosphorus application amount and amount of potassium applied and Relationship with Yield.Take Xu's potato 22 as test material, adopt five yuan of quadratic regression orthogonal rotational Combination Design, explore Xu's potato 22 High-yielding Cultivation Techniques.Test is selected in Xin Dianping village, Huaihua City Zhi Jiang county, Hunan Province and contracts base and carry out.
Test adopts the quadratic regression orthogonal rotational Combination Design.Research is executed N amount (X1), plants the phase (X2), density (X3), executes P amount (X4) and is executed K amount (X5) five high-yield culturing factors, each factor is established respectively-2 ,-1,0,1,2 totally 5 levels (table 1), totally 36 processing.The long 5m in each ridge, community, four ridges, line-spacing 0.667m ，Mei community, 0.02 mu of area, spacing in the rows is according to density Er Ding， community randomized arrangement.
On April 20th, 2008 starts to plant, and the potassium chloride of spreading manuer in holes before planting (containing K2060%) and superphosphate (containing effective P >=12%) are planted after 15 days and executed urea (containing N 46%), intertill and clean tillage 1 time, and October 25 gathered in the crops.The yield result analysis is carried out on the DPS platform.
Table 1 decision variable level code table
Result of the test shows, Xu's potato 22 target outputs are at 4243.42kg/667m
2above optimum Agronomic Practices Combination scheme is: execute N amount 9.63～10.37kg/667m
2, plant the phase 4/25～4/29, density 3600～4000kg/667m
2, execute K amount 19.31～20.69kg/667m
2, execute P amount 28.36～31.64kg/667m
2.Within 2009, carry out repeated test, the result of the test Data support result of the test of 2008, planting April 25 phase, with density 3800 strains/667m
2, mu is executed under the cultivation condition of nitrogen 10kg, phosphorus 29kg, potassium 20kg, can obtain the above high yield of every mu of 4000kg.
Xin Dianping village, Zhi Jiang county in 2010 selects 200 mu of hilly and mountainous lands to produce demonstration.
Claims (1)
1. a Hunan hilly and mountainous land sweet potato cultivation method, the steps include:
A, select kind: selecting Xu's potato 22 is testing line, and Xu's potato 22 is to take No. 7, Henan potato for maternal, and revive No. 7, the potato of take forms as the paternal hybrid seed selection;
B, grow seedlings: be 5-20 day in March sowing time, 42-48 days before the cuttage of land for growing field crops, whole wide be the bedding of 1.3-1.7m ground, open wide 31-35cm seed furrow on furrow, dark 17～20cm, ditch is apart from 0.5-0.7m, mu sealing fertilizer 23-27kg, cake-shaped rape seed dregs 23-27kg makes base manure, and the sowing potato is oblique seeding, head upward, afterbody, is broadcast ash on bonnet down, then covers with fine earth, spray gold all you and glyphosate on the face of ridge, be covered with the wide mulch film of 1.8-2.2m;
C, plant: not of uniform size in view of the hilly and mountainous land plot, adopt the micro-ridge single file to plant, get row spacing 0.6-0.8m, the high 0.23-0.27m in ridge does ridge, and temperature is 15～16 ℃, and 8-12cm ground temperature is 17～18 ℃ and plants, the potato time of planting in spring is late April, the potato time of planting in summer is mid or late May, and Planting Densities is 3600～4000 plant/acres, cuts seedling for head section seedling 5-6 joint, middle thinning 4 joints, oblique cutting, earthing 2 joints, plant in latter three days and will keep moisture to supply with;
D, fertilising: sweet potato is happiness potassium crop, and fertilising be take fertilizer as main, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary, subtract nitrogen, steady phosphorus, increase potassium, every mu of organic fertilizer 3000-4000kg while planting, purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 8-12kg, 28-32kg, 18-22kg, phosphorus, potassium apply in cave, and nitrogen is executed in planting to be watered to water in latter 15 days; After planting 60～70 days every mu be watered and water with potassium sulphate 8-12kg;
E, intertillage, weeding and ridging: intertillage have ventilative, heat, after planting, to sealing ridge before, within 30-40 days, once deeply intertill, after this every intertillage in 28-32 days once, the degree of depth is gradually shallow, weeding and ridging are carried out in conjunction with intertilling.
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| CN103340075A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-10-09 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for growing sweet potato seedlings in heat preservation mode in foam box |
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| RU2553640C2 (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-06-20 | Мугутдин Джамалутдинович Ахмедов | Method of potatoes second crop reception in south regions of russia |
| CN103858655B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-01-25 | 贵州省生物技术研究所 | Sweet potato seedling growing method suitable for center area of Guizhou |
| CN104303756B (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-07-06 | 广西博白县琼达农业科技有限公司 | High-yield sweet potato cultivation method |
| CN104488479B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-08-24 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | The cultural method of a kind of sweet potato for the processing of potato juice and the method for preparation sweet potato juice |
| CN105875135A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-08-24 | 龙兴明 | Cultivation method of high-quality high-yield sweet potatoes |
| CN104855116B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-07-04 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method for improving northern potato area hilly and mountainous land yield of sweet potato |
| CN106717853A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 何振贤 | A kind of method of the preventing and treating of sweet potato black rot |
| CN106717415A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | The fertilizing method that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region sweet potato High Efficient nitrogen is utilized |
| CN109042194A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-21 | 潘勇 | A kind of cultural method of sweet potato |
| CN109511504A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 安徽省阜阳永祥良种服务有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet potato implantation methods |
| CN110373209B (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-03-16 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Water-retaining agent special for sweet potatoes and water-saving sweet potato cultivation method |
| CN112913610A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for effectively reducing hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tuber |
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