CN105900643A - Method for cultivating forage maize - Google Patents
Method for cultivating forage maize Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900643A CN105900643A CN201610250326.9A CN201610250326A CN105900643A CN 105900643 A CN105900643 A CN 105900643A CN 201610250326 A CN201610250326 A CN 201610250326A CN 105900643 A CN105900643 A CN 105900643A
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- forage maize
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating forage maize, and belongs to the technical field of highland forage maize cultivating. The method includes the following cultivating steps that at the time before seeding, seeds of forage maize are dried in the sun and soaked for 24 h before seeding, soil in a greenhouse is sterilized and subjected to deep ploughing and fine harrowing, the harrowing depth is 25 cm or above, 4,000 kg to 5,000 kg of thoroughly-decomposed organic fertilizers, 40 kg to 50 kg of phosphate fertilizers and 20 kg to 25 kg of potash fertilizers are applied per mu before ploughing, and land is irrigated with sufficient bottom water before seeding; in the seeding period, the seeds of forage maize are seeded in the mode that seeding is carried out after mulching film covering, two seeds are arranged in each hole, and the seeding depth is 3 cm to 4 cm; in the growth period, watering is carried out at any time according to the soil moisture content in the whole growth period, disease and pest damage is controlled in a conventional pesticide or biological control mode, the temperature in the greenhouse at noon is high, and the greenhouse is opened for ventilation and cooling when the air temperature in the greenhouse is 22 DEG C every day; in the cutting period, cutting is carried out for the first time when forage maize grows to be 60 cm or above in height, and then cutting is carried out every time plants grow to be 60 cm or above in height.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plateau forage maize technical field of cultivation, especially relevant with a kind of high yield forage maize planting type being applicable to highlands.
Background technology
Forage maize is annual or herbaceos perennial, and plant likeness in form Semen Maydis, tiller is many, and stem is upright, high 2.5 4 meters, thick 1.5 2 centimetres.Forage maize is happiness temperature, likes the forage crop of wet and resistance to fertilizer, but is weak to frost, the suitableeest germination temperature 15 DEG C, growth optimum temperature 2 DEG C～35 DEG C, is resistant to 40 DEG C of high temperature, is weak to frost, temperature is down to 10 DEG C and is stopped growing, plant withered and yellow death when 0 DEG C, grows in annual precipitation 800 millimeters area.Forage maize has the features such as strong adaptability, cultivation technique nutrition simple, high, high yield, can sow in the four seasons in south China area, and suitable all kinds of poultry and Fish eat, and is the forage crop deeply liked by raiser.The content of forage maize dry, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, coarse ash, calcium, phosphorus and carotene is better than other graminous pastures.Cradling various nutrient component differences between stubble time little, be especially suitable for green grass or young crops and raise, the various plant-eating animals through feeding, good palatability, grazing rate is high.
The factor of and frost the most low temperature resistant due to forage maize, at the report that the cold district that temperature relatively low winter and temperature are relatively low does not also have forage maize to plant.Its concrete reason is by following 2 points:
1, Tibet and climatic similitude area thereof, average temperature of the whole year is relatively low, only about 7 DEG C, and the forage maize in local open country plantation can only grow to about 1.5m, yields poorly, can not repeatedly cradle.2, traditional fodder maize (including silagecorn) implantation methods in Tibet, usually sowing in May, to gather in the crops by the end of September, can only gather in 1 time, yield is relatively low.
The natural resources of the most advantage in Tibet is exactly sunlight, and this area most vegetables at present are all at efficient planting in solar-greenhouse, have yield high, can whole year production, do not affected by cold winter low temperature and shorter frost-free period.Substantial amounts of efficient heliogreenhouse has been built in various places, Tibet, but because growing vegetables technology and management require more high many reasons, the efficient heliogreenhouse that rural area is built falls into disuse more, and peasant also cannot obtain income from greenhouse.The most how to plant forage maize in locality, play its trophophase length, yield is high, the advantage that can repeatedly cradle becomes a big difficult point.
Summary of the invention
For problem present in above-mentioned background technology, the purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of forage maize cultural method, and the present invention solves forage maize can not take turns a difficult problem for plantation more in Tibet.
To this end, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of forage maize cultural method, it is characterized in that, including following cultivation step:
Sowing early stage: the seed of forage maize is carried out before broadcasting the 24h that basks seeds and soak seed；
Rake thin to disinfecting soil in greenhouse and deep ploughing, tilling depth, at more than 25cm, executes decomposed manure 4000-5000 kilogram, 40-50 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, 20-25 kilogram of potash fertilizer for every mu before ploughing；And before broadcasting, water vola water；
Sowing time: by the mode sowed after first for the employing of forage maize seed covering film and sow with 2, every cave seed, depth of planting for 3-4cm；
Trophophase: the time of infertility pours water at any time depending on soil moisture content, takes pesticide or the mode prevention and elimination of disease and pests of Biological control of routine, and noon, temperature indoor temperature was high, opened the ventilative cooling of canopy in every day when indoor air temperature reaches 22 DEG C；
Cut issue: carrying out when forage maize grows to more than 60cm cradling for the first time, the most every plant grows to cradle during more than 60cm.
Use the present invention can reach following beneficial effect: the present invention improves the wintering rate of ramiform forage maize, and can realize repeatedly cradling, improve the harvesting method carrying out tradition fodder maize plantation in Tibet, achieve and introduce a fine variety the Semen Maydis hibernating egg in Tibet and plant results, meet agriculture district 4, the demand of stock keeping famine high quality grass material in May, improve land utilization ratio to greatest extent, play agricultural resource yield potential, the output value in unit soil, economic benefits are greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: Fruit variety: varieties of plant the most domestic optional mexican Semen Maydis or the beautiful grass series of products being bred as by Sichuan Agricultural University.The 24h that basks seeds and soak seed is carried out before broadcasting.
Broadcast front preparation: the most all can sow, carry out in efficient heliogreenhouse.Rake thin to disinfecting soil in greenhouse and deep ploughing before broadcasting, tilling depth, at more than 25cm, executes decomposed manure 4000-5000 kilogram, 40-50 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, 20-25 kilogram of potash fertilizer for every mu before ploughing；Vola water is watered before broadcasting.The time of infertility pours water at any time depending on soil moisture content.
Seeding method: planting density is every 667 square metres of 4500-5000 strains；For improving the mode sowed after the soil moisture uses first covering film, artificial bunch planting, 2, every cave seed, depth of planting is 3-4cm；Line-spacing is 25-30cm, and spacing in the rows is 25cm.
Field management: forage maize water requirement is relatively big, and the time of infertility need to pour water at any time depending on soil moisture content, takes pesticide or the mode prevention and elimination of disease and pests of Biological control of routine.Noon, temperature indoor temperature was high, need to open the ventilative cooling of canopy when indoor air temperature every day reaches 22 DEG C, otherwise easily caused plant excessive growth, blade is burnt, lodging and the big generation of pest and disease damage.
Warming measure need to be taked winter to guarantee, and temperature indoor temperature cannot be below 5 DEG C, in case plant is dead, major measure is covering insulation material, evening to take off canopy, early lid canopy etc..Owing to ground temperature in winter is relatively low, irrigate be preferably selected noon temperature higher time carry out.
Cradle management:
Generally can carry out when forage maize grows to more than 60cm cradling for the first time, just can cradle when the most every plant grows to more than 60cm, cradle generally according to needs.
Generally forage maize at temperature indoor growing 5～enters into reproductive stage after 7 months, starts to weave silk, ear.Now need to cradle in time, and control temperature of shed below 15～20 DEG C, to promote the growth of base portion sprouting, until sprouting grows to more than 30cm.Temperature-controlled process can take open ventilative, the spray cooling of canopy etc..Preferably carry out global design when plantation.As at the end of spring and the beginning of summer planted, just plant in autumn enters reproductive stage, and so temperature indoor temperature is easier to control.Temperature control then need not be carried out for perennial forage maize.
Need toothing be no less than 15cm and cradle with upper bit at internode when cradling, so can shorten about the 7 days time that plant recovers, promote the budlet growth of base portion.
After cradling, necessary irrigation fertilization, usually Fertigation in time, preferably spread manuer in holes.Fertilising based on chemical fertilizer, spread manuer in holes carbamide 8～10 kgs/acre, or carbon ammonium 20～25 kgs/acre.
Embodiment 2: select high yield and high quality forage maize kind jade grass 3,1. carry out the 24h that basks seeds and soak seed before broadcasting, thin rake that soil is deep ploughed, mu execute decomposed manure 2000～3000 kilograms make base fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer 40～50 kilograms, potash fertilizer 20～25 kilograms；2. the mode sowed after using first overlay film.Planting density is every 667 square metres of 4500-5000 strains；Artificial bunch planting, 2, every cave seed, depth of planting is 3-4cm；Line-spacing is 25-30cm, and spacing in the rows is 25cm.Water vola water before broadcasting, water 5-7 time the time of infertility；3. in time warmhouse booth is aerated, pre-preventing disease and pest.Sowed in warmhouse booth April 3, mid-April after 12-15 days emerges, the jointing stage is entered about the mid or late May after about 30-40 days, JIUYUE after 90-100 days is initially entered tasseling stage, different process is cradled respectively 5～8 day same sampling section are repeatedly cradled and being weighed until the coming year, following form show forage maize biological yield and measures situation, all gathers in the crops at the beginning of 8 months.
Forage maize biological yield measures situation
The fodder grass that agriculture district, Tibet preserves in 3～last year in May runs out of the most substantially, and gap between generations at a time when this, temperature Change violent domestic animal body constitution is the most weak in addition, and it is more that spring extremely raises phenomenon, needs most forage grass demand during high quality grass material.The present invention improves the utilization rate falling into disuse warmhouse booth to greatest extent, plays the Tibet winter solar resourceful advantage of energy, the output in unit soil is greatly improved.Spring, high quality grass price was at 3 yuan/more than kg, economic benefits.
Claims (6)
1. a forage maize cultural method, it is characterised in that include following cultivation step:
Sowing early stage: the seed of forage maize is carried out before broadcasting the 24h that basks seeds and soak seed；
Rake thin to disinfecting soil in greenhouse and deep ploughing, tilling depth is at more than 25cm, every before ploughing
Mu executes decomposed manure 4000-5000 kilogram, 40-50 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, 20-25 kilogram of potash fertilizer；
And before broadcasting, water vola water；
Sowing time: by the mode sowed after first for the employing of forage maize seed covering film and with every cave 2
Grain seed, depth of planting are that 3-4cm sows；
Trophophase: the time of infertility pours water at any time depending on soil moisture content, takes pesticide or the biology of routine
The mode prevention and elimination of disease and pests of preventing and treating, noon, temperature indoor temperature was high, every day indoor air temperature reach
Canopy ventilative cooling is opened when 22 DEG C；
Cut issue: carry out when forage maize grows to more than 60cm cradling for the first time, the most every
Plant grows to cradle during more than 60cm.
A kind of forage maize cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In sowing time, forage maize seed density in planting is every 667 square metres of 4500-5000 strains, and line-spacing is
25-30cm, spacing in the rows is 25cm.
A kind of forage maize cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Warming measure need to be taked when trophophase is in winter to make temperature indoor temperature be not less than 5 DEG C, warming arrange
Executing and take covering insulation material, evening to take off canopy, early lid canopy, trophophase is in when irrigating winter and selects
Noon temperature higher time carry out.
A kind of forage maize cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Cut issue to forage maize base portion sprouting grows into more than 30cm and controls temperature of shed this period
Below 15～20 DEG C, temperature-controlled process takes out canopy to breathe freely, spray cooling.
A kind of forage maize cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Cut issue stays the stubble of forage maize no less than 15cm and to cradle with upper bit at internode.
A kind of forage maize cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Taking after cradling to spread manuer in holes and carry out irrigation fertilization, fertilising is based on chemical fertilizer, and carbamide 8～10 of spreading manuer in holes is public
Pound/acre, or carbon ammonium 20～25 kgs/acre.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610250326.9A CN105900643A (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2016-04-21 | Method for cultivating forage maize |
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| CN201610250326.9A CN105900643A (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2016-04-21 | Method for cultivating forage maize |
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| CN105900643A true CN105900643A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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| CN201610250326.9A Pending CN105900643A (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2016-04-21 | Method for cultivating forage maize |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108617417A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-10-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | The identification method of Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China forage grass type wheat breed/strain |
| CN109105169A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | 四川农业大学 | A method of expanding numerous perennial forage maize using stipes autumn sowing spring planting |
| CN109105170A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | 四川农业大学 | A method of improving perennial forage maize planting success rate |
| CN109526613A (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2019-03-29 | 四川农业大学 | Winter sowing oat forage grass high yield interplanting mode cultivation method |
| CN110384024A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-10-29 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | A kind of cultural method of forage maize |
| CN112401061A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Corn silage method and corn silage |
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| CN1926962A (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2007-03-14 | 四川农业大学 | Forage grass maize production process |
| CN102227986A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for irrigating forage maize |
| CN103039253A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 山东天泰种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating good-quality high-yield silage corns |
| CN103355080A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-23 | 四川农业大学 | Culturing method of perennial forage maize |
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2016
- 2016-04-21 CN CN201610250326.9A patent/CN105900643A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1926962A (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2007-03-14 | 四川农业大学 | Forage grass maize production process |
| CN102227986A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for irrigating forage maize |
| CN103039253A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 山东天泰种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating good-quality high-yield silage corns |
| CN103355080A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-23 | 四川农业大学 | Culturing method of perennial forage maize |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108617417A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-10-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | The identification method of Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China forage grass type wheat breed/strain |
| CN109105169A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | 四川农业大学 | A method of expanding numerous perennial forage maize using stipes autumn sowing spring planting |
| CN109105170A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | 四川农业大学 | A method of improving perennial forage maize planting success rate |
| CN109105170B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-08-17 | 四川农业大学 | Method for improving planting success rate of perennial forage maize |
| CN109526613A (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2019-03-29 | 四川农业大学 | Winter sowing oat forage grass high yield interplanting mode cultivation method |
| CN110384024A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-10-29 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | A kind of cultural method of forage maize |
| CN110384024B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2022-02-11 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Method for cultivating forage maize |
| CN112401061A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Corn silage method and corn silage |
| CN112401061B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2023-02-17 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Corn silage method and corn silage |
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Application publication date: 20160831 |