CN104798569A - Corn and soybean interplanting method - Google Patents

Corn and soybean interplanting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104798569A
CN104798569A CN201510160598.5A CN201510160598A CN104798569A CN 104798569 A CN104798569 A CN 104798569A CN 201510160598 A CN201510160598 A CN 201510160598A CN 104798569 A CN104798569 A CN 104798569A
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corn
soybean
seed
seedling
fertilizer
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马荣花
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Wuhu County Neng Sheng Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhu County Neng Sheng Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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Abstract

The invention discloses a corn and soybean interplanting method. By means of the corn and soybean interplanting method, the corn and soybean grow quickly in the planting process, the plants are healthy and strong, the fruits are large, the stress resistance is strong, the pest and disease damage is less, and accordingly the corn and green soybean output and quality are obviously improved; compared with a traditional planting method, the acre yield is improved by 15-20%; the planting method is easy to operate, high in production efficiency, low in cost, good in benefit and good in popularization and application prospect.

Description

The implantation methods of a kind of corn and Soybean Intercropping
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to field of planting, particularly relates to the implantation methods of a kind of corn and Soybean Intercropping.
Background technology
Corn contains abundant nutriment, have the title of " king of feed ", has 70% to make feed.At present make with corn the industrial products that raw material can directly or indirectly make a lot, wherein corn starch, primverose, corn wet goods product purpose are extensive.Corn starch is the important source material of medicine, chemical industry, textile; Corn high fructose syrup sugariness is high, raciness, and quality is superior, fragrant odour; In corn flour, add lysine, vitamin etc. by puffing technique, make shape, " coarse food grain king corn product " that all kinds of corn foods of excellent in color comprise on our present dining table be popular, improve quality and the palatability of corn.Such as waxy corn in addition, rapidly, remarkable benefit, market potential is huge in the fresh edible maize development such as pigment corn fruit corn.
Soybean nutritional is worth very high, containing a large amount of protein, carbohydrate and fat in seed, and containing multiple minerals and vitamins.Bean product have abundant nutrition, and cholesterol level is few, are comparatively ideal health foods.Can make feed after beanstalk and seed oil expression, nutritive value is very high.Soybean is caught up with long has root nodule, and rhizobium can nitrogen in fixed air, soybean is the good previous crops of other crops, occupies an important position in crop rotation, intercropping.Soybean is that the important raw material of industry and outlet goods and materials commercially account for position greatly, good market prospect, high efficiency to eat green soy bean raw at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is just to provide the implantation methods of a kind of corn and Soybean Intercropping.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
An implantation methods for corn and Soybean Intercropping, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Corn: select high yield, stable yields, disease-resistant, the kind of pest-resistant high-quality, intercropping or seedling raising and transplanting select the medium variety of 95-105 days, select the consistent seed of the even plumpness of size to shift to an earlier date 2-3 days to bask seeds, then the water putting into 55-57 DEG C soaks 6-12 hour, nutrient solution seed soaking 3-5 minute is put into after taking-up drains, described nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wine tail 0.3-1, sodium humate 0.6-2, sodium lauroyl sarcosine 1-2, potassium sorbate 2-3, allicin 2-4, Zinc Pyrithione 0.1-0.2, sophorolipid 1-2, rice 10-20, water 1000-1100, rice heating boiled, be cooled to 30-40 DEG C, add wine tail, allicin, add water, make water content be 10-20%, 3-5 hour is placed in sealing, obtains ferment liquid, sodium lauroyl sarcosine is joined in 50-60 times of water, stir, add sodium humate, potassium sorbate, mix with ferment liquid after being uniformly mixed, then add each raw material of residue, stir, obtain described nutrient solution,
Soybean: select high yield, the kind of stable yields, disease-resistant, pest-resistant high-quality, reject scab grain, worm food grain and foreign particle, make seed purity higher than 98%, cleanliness is higher than 97%, and germination rate is higher than 95%, the seed chosen is put into nutrient solution b and soaks 3-5 minute, described nutrient solution b is made up of the raw material mixing of following weight parts: dehydro sodium acetate 1-2, iron ammonium sulfate 1-2, CPPU 0.1-0.2, alpha-terpineol 0.4-1, dithio-salicylic acid 0.1-0.2, deionized water 900-1000; Taking-up drains dresses seed afterwards with rhizobium;
(2) site preparation and fertilization: require preceding crop to clean out during whole ground, mu executes farmyard manure 3500-4000 jin, superphosphate 40-50 kilogram, urea 20-30 kilogram, spread fertilizer over the fields chlopyrifos, every mu of 2-3 kilogram, spreads fertilizer over the fields rear deep ploughing, and ditching, ridging is planted, adopt large micro-ridge culture technique, large row spacing 1.4-1.5 rice, micro-ridge 0.8-1 rice, ridge height 25-30 centimetre;
(3) sowing and plastic film mulch: large ridge kind corn, Row spacing of maize 40-50 centimetre, ridge 3 row, spacing in the rows 20-25 centimetre, micro-ridge kind soybean, line-spacing 23-25 centimetre, plants 4 row, spacing in the rows 18-20 centimetre, pitch spacing 48-50 centimetre between corn and soybean; Density requirements equidistant points kind simple grain 3 on seedling band is pressed, two grain 2 sowing during maize dibbling; Soybean legume-seeding machine is sowed, and controls every cave 3-5 grain, and after emerging, one removes and stays 3 strains or 4 strains, and after planting sprays weeding with careless amine chemical agent before seedling, finally spread mulch film, corn and soybean are waited for and emerging after giving enough the moisture of germination;
(4) field management: corn and can emerging for soybean 5-7 days, after emerging, seedling can be arched upward mulch film and be detained seedling in time, with unburned seedling, then tight for young plant surrounding grave, suppress little grass growth, keep moisture evaporation, after emerging, timely thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, simultaneously in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, with the biopesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests of high-efficiency low-toxicity, corn topdresses principle: gently chase after seed manure, heavily chase after ear manuer, benefit chases after granulated fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, soybean seedling topdresses, appropriate quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be chased after, impose fertilizers for potted flowers, foliage fertilizer to be sprayed as micro-boron fertilizer in conjunction with laxative after blooming simultaneously,
(5) gather in the crops: during fresh edible maize results, beard blackening, seed is hardening in good time, and it is dynamic that nail is drawn, and luxuriant skin is green, and the market price can be gathered in the crops well in advance; When receiving corn, seed is hardening, the gloss of surface presentation distinctness, and nail is drawn motionless milk-line and disappeared, and black layer appears in seed base portion, and bag leaf is dried-up to turn white, and hand is touched and felt very soft, though middle and upper part is green ripe; Eat green soy bean raw generally at full seed, best when after pushing green soy bean pod aside, there is a dressing on seed surface, be all green, the market price can be gone on the market well in advance.Old soybean harvest is after soybean podding duration, and plant cauline leaf turns yellow gradually, and plant grain dry-matter accumulation and peak the phase, mechanical harvest carried out in full ripening stage, and artificial results are carried out in yellow maturity latter stage.
Analyze in this invention process and use the relation in colony between crops, the adjustment for the combination of reasonable selection crops and performance technical measures has directive significance:
(1) complementation spatially and competition
Complementation spatially shows 1. raising planting densities, increases leaf-area coefficient.Corn soybean intercropping is differing heights, plant type, leaf collocation, adopts large micro-ridge planting patterns, and its density and leaf-area coefficient can exceed the limit of nonoculture, improve planting density than nonoculture.Can increase and cut light quantity, reduce light leak, be conducive to making full use of luminous energy, increase yield.Sole maize per mu yield 350---400 kilogram, and at corn and Soybean Intercropping, Corn Densities is identical with nonoculture, per mu yield increases 15%----20%.
2. the beveled structure of corn and Soybean Intercropping is conducive to layering light, when intercropping, mostly upper crop (corn) is that blade is narrow and upright, and the next crop (soybean) blade is wide and flat narrow, such field crop forms the umbrella-shaped structure that height is staggered, and is conducive to full field layering light.When morning and evening sun altitude hour, the blade of corn can absorb solar radiation to greatest extent, and soybean accepts the reverberation of corn to sunshine more.And when sun altitude is large at noon, maize leaf can be made to reduce aerial reflection, what high light can be more is transmitted to lower floor, by the horizontal leaf of soybean is intercepted and captured, utilized, reduces light leak.
3. become plane lighting into three-dimensional daylighting increase light-receiving area.During nonoculture, highly unanimously, be penetrate the sunshine come above accepting with plane substantially, when intercropping, the collocation of crop height makes sensitive surface become curved surface or folding face, penetrates except next sunshine, also can accept ambient light except above accepting in colony.The light-receiving area on all right blade face, corn middle and lower part of side light, the plane changing nonoculture is used up as solid is used up.Simultaneously light is mapped on curved surface by being mapped to plane changes into, and light-receiving area changes from small to big, and high light can be made to be dispersed into intermediate light.More effectively under being in high light than a small amount of blade utilize luminous energy, during intercropping, improve the economic utilization to luminous energy.
4. the heterogeneous complementation of light, utilize during intercropping happiness light crop and resistance to cloudy crop reasonably combined, the effect of heterogeneous complementation can be played in daylighting, fully rationally use up, the advantage of Here it is corn and Soybean Intercropping.
5. improve the supply of ventilating with carbonic acid gas.Carbonic acid gas is the primary raw material of crop photosynthesis, and mainly leaf absorbs from air.Adopt height crop interplanting, the region of growth of soybean crops has become " corridor " of corn crop ventilation and penetrating light, is conducive to the circulation of air.Diffusion and the exchange of air can also be promoted.Like this, will promote photosynthesis to be strengthened the speed that whole intragroup carbonic acid gas upgrades.
Competition manifestation spatially exists: the competition of light, and when intercropping, corn daylighting is many, and soybean daylighting is few.
(2) temporal complementation and competition
Compound population complementation is in time exactly the length according to season, the relation before and after correct process between stubble, by extending the photosynthetic time, improves light-use, increasing both production and income.Corn and Soybean Intercropping can increase the vegetative period of crop, realize ripe more than a year, make full use of the annual different season of growth.
Making full use of of time, avoids the waste of soil and the season of growth., be conducive to the raising of yield and quality.In intercropping situation, the crop interplanting that breeding time is close, the competition between Crop Species is greater than differentiated crop breeding time.
(3) complementation of underground nutrient, moisture and competition: be exactly the difference utilizing Different Crop trophic function during intercropping, the increasing both production and income effect caused by reasonable selection crop.Corn and Soybean Intercropping, maize root system can absorb moisture and the nutrient of deep layer deeply, and the root of soybean is shallow, can nitrogen in fixed air with knurl bacterium, increases the nitrogenous fertilizer in soil, can supply Maize Absorption.During two kinds of crop interplantings, moisture and the nutrient of different soil can be absorbed according to the depth of root system, play complementary effect.
(4)------marginal effect that influences each other of limit row.Choose upper crop and the next crop during intercropping, coordinate other measures to be conducive to playing Dominance in border row, obtain and increase production comprehensively.Corn and soybean are exactly good intercropping collocation.
(5) damage by disease and insect and-----compensating effect that influences each other of combating a natural disaster.In intercropping compound population, due to various crop coexistence, can alleviate damage by disease and insect, the effect of the natural calamities such as crop smothering and drought and waterlogging wind is compensating effect.Change the field microclimate during crop nonoculture during intercropping, directly have influence on the generation environment of damage by disease and insect, the less damage by disease and insect of ecological plasticity can be made to alleviate.General high-order crop (corn), due to the improvement of ventilation and penetrating light condition, can alleviate hot and humid and contain the disease sent out, and as corn leaf spot etc., can reduce the moist hidden insect of happiness, as corn borer simultaneously.The residing ambient humidity of the next crop (soybean) improves, and the aphid of soybean reduces, and also can alleviate insect pest during intercropping because the natural enemy of insect increases.
Nonoculture colony anti-adversity ability is low, and easily disaster-stricken subtracting even is had no harvest, and the crop reasonable combination utilizing resistance different during intercropping, the anti-adversity ability of compound population can be improved, be conducive to the loss of natural disaster reduction.
(6)-----reciprocity effect that influences each other of secretion.Crop is between its breeding time, and by its acrial part and the constant metabolite secreting gaseous state or liquid state in environment of under ground portion, these secretion can produce favourable or adverse influence (or being independent of each other) to the microorganism of surrounding or other crops.As the secretion of onion, pea alternaria can be killed in several minutes.Crop secretion relation between Crop Species plays an important role, and is one of ecological factor very important in crop community.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Corn soybean fast growth in planting process of the present invention, robust plant, fruit is large, strong stress resistance, damage by disease and insect is few, thus significantly improves the yield and quality of corn green soy bean, relative to traditional implantation methods, per mu yield improves 15-20%, and implantation methods of the present invention is simple to operate, production efficiency is high, and cost is low, profitable, there is good popularizing application prospect.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
An implantation methods for corn and Soybean Intercropping, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Corn: select high yield, the kind of stable yields, disease-resistant, pest-resistant high-quality, intercropping or seedling raising and transplanting select the medium variety of 105 days, select the consistent seed of the even plumpness of size to shift to an earlier date 3 days to bask seeds, then the water putting into 57 DEG C soaks 12 hours, put into nutrient solution after taking-up drains to soak seed 5 minutes, described nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wine tail 0.3, sodium humate 0.6, sodium lauroyl sarcosine 1, potassium sorbate 3, allicin 4, Zinc Pyrithione 0.2, sophorolipid 1, rice 20, water 1100; Rice heating boiled, be cooled to 40 DEG C, add wine tail, allicin, add water, make water content be 20%, sealing placement 3 hours, obtains ferment liquid; Sodium lauroyl sarcosine is joined in 60 times of water, stir, add sodium humate, potassium sorbate, mix with ferment liquid after being uniformly mixed, then add each raw material of residue, stir, obtain described nutrient solution;
Soybean: select high yield, the kind of stable yields, disease-resistant, pest-resistant high-quality, reject scab grain, worm food grain and foreign particle, make seed purity higher than 98%, cleanliness is higher than 97%, and germination rate is higher than 95%, the seed chosen is put into nutrient solution b to soak 5 minutes, described nutrient solution b is made up of the raw material mixing of following weight parts: dehydro sodium acetate 1, iron ammonium sulfate 1-2, CPPU 0.2, alpha-terpineol 0.4, dithio-salicylic acid 0.1, deionized water 1000; Taking-up drains dresses seed afterwards with rhizobium;
(2) site preparation and fertilization: require preceding crop to clean out during whole ground, mu executes farmyard manure 4000 jin, superphosphate 50 kilograms, 20 kilograms, urea, spread fertilizer over the fields chlopyrifos, 2 kilograms every mu, spread fertilizer over the fields rear deep ploughing, ditching, ridging is planted, adopt large micro-ridge culture technique, large row spacing 1.5 meters, micro-ridge 0.8 meter, ridge is high 30 centimetres;
(3) sowing and plastic film mulch: large ridge kind corn, Row spacing of maize 50 centimetres, ridge 3 row, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, micro-ridge kind soybean, line-spacing 23-25 centimetre, plants 4 row, spacing in the rows 20 centimetres, pitch spacing 50 centimetres between corn and soybean; Density requirements equidistant points kind simple grain 3 on seedling band is pressed, two grain 2 sowing during maize dibbling; Soybean legume-seeding machine is sowed, and controls 3, every cave, and after emerging, one removes and stays 3 strains or 4 strains, and after planting sprays weeding with careless amine chemical agent before seedling, finally spread mulch film, corn and soybean are waited for and emerging after giving enough the moisture of germination;
(4) field management: corn and can emerging for soybean 5-7 days, after emerging, seedling can be arched upward mulch film and be detained seedling in time, with unburned seedling, then tight for young plant surrounding grave, suppress little grass growth, keep moisture evaporation, after emerging, timely thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, simultaneously in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, with the biopesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests of high-efficiency low-toxicity, corn topdresses principle: gently chase after seed manure, heavily chase after ear manuer, benefit chases after granulated fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, soybean seedling topdresses, appropriate quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be chased after, impose fertilizers for potted flowers, foliage fertilizer to be sprayed as micro-boron fertilizer in conjunction with laxative after blooming simultaneously,
(5) gather in the crops: during fresh edible maize results, beard blackening, seed is hardening in good time, and it is dynamic that nail is drawn, and luxuriant skin is green, and the market price can be gathered in the crops well in advance; When receiving corn, seed is hardening, the gloss of surface presentation distinctness, and nail is drawn motionless milk-line and disappeared, and black layer appears in seed base portion, and bag leaf is dried-up to turn white, and hand is touched and felt very soft, though middle and upper part is green ripe; Eat green soy bean raw generally at full seed, best when after pushing green soy bean pod aside, there is a dressing on seed surface, be all green, the market price can be gone on the market well in advance.Old soybean harvest is after soybean podding duration, and plant cauline leaf turns yellow gradually, and plant grain dry-matter accumulation and peak the phase, mechanical harvest carried out in full ripening stage, and artificial results are carried out in yellow maturity latter stage.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for corn and Soybean Intercropping, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) corn: select high yield, stable yields, disease-resistant, the kind of pest-resistant high-quality, intercropping or seedling raising and transplanting select the medium variety of 95-105 days, select the consistent seed of the even plumpness of size to shift to an earlier date 2-3 days to bask seeds, then the water putting into 55-57 DEG C soaks 6-12 hour, nutrient solution seed soaking 3-5 minute is put into after taking-up drains, described nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wine tail 0.3-1, sodium humate 0.6-2, sodium lauroyl sarcosine 1-2, potassium sorbate 2-3, allicin 2-4, Zinc Pyrithione 0.1-0.2, sophorolipid 1-2, rice 10-20, water 1000-1100, rice heating boiled, be cooled to 30-40 DEG C, add wine tail, allicin, add water, make water content be 10-20%, 3-5 hour is placed in sealing, obtains ferment liquid, sodium lauroyl sarcosine is joined in 50-60 times of water, stir, add sodium humate, potassium sorbate, mix with ferment liquid after being uniformly mixed, then add each raw material of residue, stir, obtain described nutrient solution,
Soybean: select high yield, the kind of stable yields, disease-resistant, pest-resistant high-quality, reject scab grain, worm food grain and foreign particle, make seed purity higher than 98%, cleanliness is higher than 97%, and germination rate is higher than 95%, the seed chosen is put into nutrient solution b and soaks 3-5 minute, described nutrient solution b is made up of the raw material mixing of following weight parts: dehydro sodium acetate 1-2, iron ammonium sulfate 1-2, CPPU 0.1-0.2, alpha-terpineol 0.4-1, dithio-salicylic acid 0.1-0.2, deionized water 900-1000; Taking-up drains dresses seed afterwards with rhizobium;
(2) site preparation and fertilization: require preceding crop to clean out during whole ground, mu executes farmyard manure 3500-4000 jin, superphosphate 40-50 kilogram, urea 20-30 kilogram, spread fertilizer over the fields chlopyrifos, every mu of 2-3 kilogram, spreads fertilizer over the fields rear deep ploughing, and ditching, ridging is planted, adopt large micro-ridge culture technique, large row spacing 1.4-1.5 rice, micro-ridge 0.8-1 rice, ridge height 25-30 centimetre;
(3) sowing and plastic film mulch: large ridge kind corn, Row spacing of maize 40-50 centimetre, ridge 3 row, spacing in the rows 20-25 centimetre, micro-ridge kind soybean, line-spacing 23-25 centimetre, plants 4 row, spacing in the rows 18-20 centimetre, pitch spacing 48-50 centimetre between corn and soybean; Density requirements equidistant points kind simple grain 3 on seedling band is pressed, two grain 2 sowing during maize dibbling; Soybean legume-seeding machine is sowed, and controls every cave 3-5 grain, and after emerging, one removes and stays 3 strains or 4 strains, and after planting sprays weeding with careless amine chemical agent before seedling, finally spread mulch film, corn and soybean are waited for and emerging after giving enough the moisture of germination;
(4) field management: corn and can emerging for soybean 5-7 days, after emerging, seedling can be arched upward mulch film and be detained seedling in time, with unburned seedling, then tight for young plant surrounding grave, suppress little grass growth, keep moisture evaporation, after emerging, timely thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, simultaneously in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, with the biopesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests of high-efficiency low-toxicity, corn topdresses principle: gently chase after seed manure, heavily chase after ear manuer, benefit chases after granulated fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, soybean seedling topdresses, appropriate quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be chased after, impose fertilizers for potted flowers, foliage fertilizer to be sprayed as micro-boron fertilizer in conjunction with laxative after blooming simultaneously,
(5) gather in the crops: during fresh edible maize results, beard blackening, seed is hardening in good time, and it is dynamic that nail is drawn, and luxuriant skin is green, and the market price can be gathered in the crops well in advance; When receiving corn, seed is hardening, the gloss of surface presentation distinctness, and nail is drawn motionless milk-line and disappeared, and black layer appears in seed base portion, and bag leaf is dried-up to turn white, and hand is touched and felt very soft, though middle and upper part is green ripe; Eat green soy bean raw generally at full seed, best when after pushing green soy bean pod aside, there is a dressing on seed surface, be all green, the market price can be gone on the market well in advance;
Old soybean harvest is after soybean podding duration, and plant cauline leaf turns yellow gradually, and plant grain dry-matter accumulation and peak the phase, mechanical harvest carried out in full ripening stage, and artificial results are carried out in yellow maturity latter stage.
CN201510160598.5A 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Corn and soybean interplanting method Pending CN104798569A (en)

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CN105850448A (en) * 2016-04-21 2016-08-17 固镇县传红家庭农场 Method for planting green pollution-free soybean
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CN106069049A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-11-09 魏琦 A kind of cultural method of interplanting corn Semen sojae atricolor
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CN106212036A (en) * 2016-09-14 2016-12-14 重庆市农业科学院 A kind of method of the wild bean breeding progeny with corn intercropping plant
CN106817959A (en) * 2017-03-02 2017-06-13 安徽金培因科技有限公司 The high-yield planting method of mung bean is covered between a kind of corn
CN107173010A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-19 合肥市风达农业有限责任公司 A kind of high yield interplanting method of green soy bean and corn
CN107258142A (en) * 2017-07-25 2017-10-20 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 A kind of corn and the interplanting method of sunflower
CN108040782A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-05-18 崔宝明 A kind of efficient disease prevention simultaneously realizes the cultivating method of crop of volume increase
CN109315286A (en) * 2018-10-12 2019-02-12 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 The method that screening improves maize/soybean Wheat yield nitrogen efficiency maize genotype
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CN112970533B (en) * 2019-12-13 2023-07-04 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 Interplanting method for corn and peas
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Application publication date: 20150729