CN105230397B - A kind of method for carrying out vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation in greenhouse simultaneously - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for simultaneously planting vegetables and breeding chickens in a greenhouse. This method first builds a simple chicken coop on the net in the greenhouse; opens a window at the same height as the net bed on the north wall for the grazing chickens to enter and exit the greenhouse and the open space between the sheds; crop rotation and/or intercropping in the shed Vegetables: Vegetables are planted using chicken manure organic fertilizer produced by chicken manure as the main fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers; vegetable leftovers are fed to chickens; grazing in the open space between sheds and chickens raised on the net are combined in the house. Chai chicken breeding. In the method, vegetables absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, and wood chickens absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide, which complement each other in terms of living environment; in addition, chickens can obtain sufficient green feed all year round to meet the needs of various vitamins and mineral elements. The method improves the production performance of the chicken, increases the yield of vegetables, and has the characteristics of one-time investment and multi-year benefits.

Description

A method for simultaneously planting vegetables and breeding chickens in a greenhouse

technical field

The invention relates to a three-dimensional agricultural development model and supporting technology, in particular to a method for simultaneously planting vegetables and raising chickens in a greenhouse.

Background technique

Three-dimensional agriculture is a multi-level and comprehensive utilization of a variety of coordinated and interconnected agricultural organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms) populations in space, time and function. Such as forest grain or grain-vegetable intercropping, fish farming in rice fields, edible fungus planting in farmland, chicken raising in forests, duck raising in rice fields, and fish farming in rice fields. This model can fully tap the potential of natural resources such as land, light energy, water, heat, etc., improve the utilization rate and utilization efficiency of artificial auxiliary energy, alleviate the conflict between food and economic vegetables, fruit trees, feed, etc., and improve resource utilization. It can also make full use of space and time to greatly increase the material yield per unit area through intercropping, intercropping, mixed cropping and other three-dimensional planting and polyculture modes; at the same time, alleviate the impact of residual chemical fertilizers and pesticides on the soil environment, The pressure of the water environment, to achieve a "win-win" environment and development.

Using greenhouses to cover plastic film to grow vegetables, artificially creating a suitable ecological environment, adjusting vegetable production seasons, adjusting market demand, and promoting high-quality and high-yield vegetables is one of the effective means to increase income. However, growing greenhouse vegetables also encounters some problems, such as fertilizer damage, that is, the harm of salt accumulation. The main reason is that partial application of chemical fertilizers or excessive fertilization lead to salinization of the soil. The problems caused by fertilizer damage are: first, the growth of vegetable roots is inhibited, and the function of absorbing water and fertilizer is weakened; second, the concentration of the soil solution is too high, and reverse osmosis occurs in vegetable plants, resulting in physiological wilting or leaf margin scorching; It is a toxic gas hazard.

At present, most of the chickens are raised in "four gardens" (orchards, mulberry gardens, tea gardens, bamboo gardens) or mountain forests. Although the quality of chicken and eggs produced by this farming model is better, it still has the following shortcomings (1) Spraying pesticides on vegetables and forests can cause pesticide poisoning in chickens; (2) Chickens are often infected by parasites when they directly contact the soil; (3) Chickens like to plan and eat, which often causes damage to the roots of forest seedlings, which is not conducive to (4) If the stocking density is too high, the amount of excretion of chicken manure and urine exceeds the amount that the soil can absorb it, so that the uric acid content in the soil is too high, causing the death of trees; (5) It is difficult to prevent diseases; (6) In winter, the temperature is low and even sometimes the pasture is covered with heavy snow, the vegetation is withered, insects hibernate, and it is difficult for chickens to forage, so it is limited by the season; Low.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems in greenhouse vegetable planting and wood chicken breeding, and provides a method for simultaneously carrying out vegetable planting and wood chicken breeding in a greenhouse. It not only makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional chicken breeding method and solves the problem of soil salt accumulation and salinization caused by growing vegetables in greenhouses, but also can make full use of cultivated land resources and improve the ecological environment. It has the characteristics of one-time investment and benefit for many years.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for simultaneously planting vegetables and breeding chickens in a greenhouse, characterized in that,

(1) Set up a chicken coop in the greenhouse

In the greenhouse, build a firewood chicken house on the north wall, the height of the net bed is 60-80 cm, and the area is 0.8-1.5% of the greenhouse area; open a 0.5-1.0 square meter on the north wall at the same height as the net bed Windows for grazing chickens to enter and exit the shed and the open space between the sheds; the feeding amount is 35-40 per mu of greenhouses;

(2) Vegetable planting

Vegetables are planted in rotation and/or intercropping in greenhouses; the chicken manure organic fertilizer produced by chicken manure is the main method for vegetable planting, supplemented by chemical fertilizers (wherein the chicken manure organic fertilizer accounts for 70-80% of the total weight of the fertilizer); Avoid the use of organophosphorus or chrysanthemum pesticides in the process of planting vegetables; vegetables and vegetable by-products such as leaves and stalks of vegetables such as rotten, wilted, and insect pests that cannot be sold (or unqualified for listing), such as tomatoes, etc. ) is placed in the trough of the wood chicken as green feed for the wood chicken;

Wherein, the preparation method of chicken manure organic fertilizer is:

a. Collect the fresh chicken manure under the net of the flat chicken house on the net and put it on the open space outside the shed, and chop the leftover vegetable stalks of the chicken and the straw of vegetables such as tomato and loofah and mix them into the fresh chicken manure to adjust the chicken manure The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio is 28-30:1, and the moisture content is 45-55% (when the moisture content is high, it can be simply dried), and the fermentation raw materials are obtained for use;

b. Then add chicken manure starter and humic acid of 4% to 6% of its mass in the fermentation raw material, then add glacial acetic acid to adjust chicken manure pH4.5-5.5;

c. After mixing, put into an airtight bag for anaerobic fermentation, and the fermentation is successful (the standard for successful fermentation is: the chicken manure fermentation material has fragrance and no odor) to obtain chicken manure organic fertilizer; then dry to make the moisture content At 15-20%, pulverize and pack into bags for later use.

(3) Chai chicken farming

Combining grazing in the open space between the sheds and breeding chickens in the chicken house on the net;

From January to March, the feeding method is mainly based on barn feeding and supplemented by grazing. The barn feeding feed adopts growing feed and vegetable field weeds and/or vegetable leftovers (if any); the amount of growing feed is: Chicken 50~60g;

From the beginning of April to the end of October, the feeding method is mainly based on grazing and supplemented by house feeding. The feed for house feeding is egg-laying feed and vegetable scraps; the amount of egg-laying feed is: 40-50g per chicken per day;

From November to December, the feeding method is mainly based on house feeding and supplemented by grazing. The feed for house feeding is egg-laying feed and vegetable scraps; the amount of egg-laying feed is: 50-70g per chicken per day.

Said 1-3 months and 11-12 months, supplemented by grazing, specifically: put the chickens on the open space between the sheds for activities and foraging from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm on a sunny day.

From the beginning of April to the end of October, the grazing is mainly as follows: every day (except rainy and snowy days), the wood chickens are released at dawn, and the wood chickens are allowed to feed on the young weeds and insect ecological feed in the ground between the sheds. The flock of chickens rushed to the chicken coop on the Chai chicken net in the greenhouse.

Preferably, the growing material is made of the following raw materials in weight ratio: 55-60% corn, 12-18% bran, 22-28% fried soybeans, and 1.5-2.5% shell powder. The more preferred ratio is: 58% corn, 15% bran, 25% fried soybeans, and 2% shell powder.

Preferably, the egg-laying feed is made of the following raw materials in weight ratio: 60-65% of corn, 28-32% of fried soybeans, and 5-10% of shell powder. The more preferred ratio is: 62% of corn, 30% of fried soybeans, and 8% of shell powder.

Preferably, tomato, lettuce, Chinese cabbage and celery are planted in rotation in the planting area, and loofah is planted intercropping.

The above-mentioned chicken manure starter is a commercially available starter for fermenting chicken manure (such as golden rooster manure fermentation em strain, etc.), and its addition amount refers to the instructions of the product.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention proposes a set of highly efficient ecological planting and breeding combination development model based on the characteristics of greenhouse vegetable growth and the needs of chickens for stocking, combined with the current ecological, economic and social development needs, spring, summer and autumn, greenhouse The film and quilt are rolled above the operation channel, which can not only shield the chickens from sunlight and wind and rain, but also not hinder the growth of vegetables. In winter, the film and quilt are put down to make full use of the solar greenhouse effect; The produced ammonia and other substances are absorbed and utilized by vegetables, which reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers, increases the yield, and improves the quality of vegetables. The heat emitted by the chicken body accelerates the growth of vegetables. On the one hand, the planting of vegetables can absorb the feces and odor produced by chickens, and improve the living environment of animals. On the other hand, 20-30% of vegetable by-products and vegetables with pests also provide sufficient green feed for chickens. , It is beneficial to the health of chickens, and the quality of meat and eggs is more guaranteed; when the vegetables are infested with insects, feed the infested vegetables to the chickens, which not only avoids the use of pesticides but also prevents the spread of diseases and insect pests. Therefore, this kind of mixed chicken and vegetable greenhouse complements each other and benefits each other. It not only raises high-quality chickens but also harvests green vegetables. Therefore, the close combination of planting and breeding can obtain better benefits. Through field test, the present invention has following effect:

(1) The production performance of Chai chicken is improved: Since the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than outside in winter, the energy consumed by Chai chicken to maintain body temperature is relatively small, so there is more energy to increase body weight and lay eggs. In addition, in winter , Chai chickens in the shed have fresh leaves, stalks, etc. discarded from the shed to supplement enough vitamins for Chai chickens, which is also conducive to the improvement of production performance. The results of the comparative test show that the body weight of the rooster is 10% higher than that of the same day-old traditional stocking Chai chicken, and the egg production of the hen is 12% higher;

(2) Reduced disease incidence: In early spring, late autumn and winter, chickens spend more time living on the net bed in the shed, and the chance of contacting feces is reduced. Therefore, the incidence of coccidiosis can be reduced by 30%;

(3) Feeding and management is simple: during the day, the wood chickens go through the window on the north wall to forage in the grass in the open space between the sheds or under tall vegetables and climbing plants, and return to the net bed to rest and eat concentrate or discarded vegetables at night; In addition, the eggs of the laying hens are concentrated in the laying box, eliminating the trouble of picking eggs everywhere;

(4) Rational utilization of resources: the present invention is to build a wood chicken breeding area in the greenhouse, on the one hand for the chickens to have a rest in the non-grazing time, to feed on concentrates and vegetable scraps; Thereby reach the following effect of rational utilization of resources: a. Compared with the existing cage raising method of chickens, the present invention allows chickens to live in the open space between sheds most of the time during the day, has a larger range of activities, and takes a long time to look for food in the wild. If the amount is large, just add a small amount of concentrate; b. After the vegetables are infested by aphids, diamondback moths, spodoptera litura, beet armyworms, melon silk borers, red spiders and other insects, pull out the vegetables that have infested insects and feed them to chickens , without spraying any pesticides, the insect pests of vegetables are solved, and the problem of drug residues in vegetables is solved; c. After the chicken manure is fermented, it is directly applied to the vegetable field, and the application of chemical fertilizers in the vegetable field will cause the soil to produce salt staining problem;

(5) Good economic benefits: Since this combination of planting and breeding improves the production performance of Chai chickens, the income of each chicken increases by 20 yuan compared with traditional stocking. The time can be advanced by 1 to 1.5 months, and the output value can be increased by about 50%;

(6) Good ecological benefits: It not only solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by breeding waste, but also provides sufficient fertilizer for vegetables, and improves the soil at the same time; the waste of low economic value produced by vegetables grown in greenhouses, every day It can provide 50 grams of green feed for each chicken, which solves the problem of vegetable waste polluting the environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the chicken coop in the vegetable greenhouse of the present invention.

Reference signs: 1. Vegetable greenhouse, 2. Chai chicken net flat chicken coop, 3. Windows, 4. Chicken manure collection tray.

detailed description

The chicken manure starter used in this example is the golden rooster manure fermentation em strain produced by Kangyuan Oasis Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., and the effective viable bacteria are 20 billion/ml.

As shown in Figure 1. Select the semi-arched round greenhouse 1 (the wall is built in the north, and the semi-arched round greenhouse with arches is set up in the south) going from east to west, and a rectangular chicken coop 2 (including laying eggs) is built on the northwest corner of the greenhouse 1 according to the north wall. boxes, feeding troughs, drinking fountains, lighting devices, etc.), the height of the net bed is 70 cm, and the area is 1% of the greenhouse area. A window 3 of 0.5 square meters is opened at the same height as the net bed on the north wall for grazing chickens. Enter and exit the greenhouse and the open space between the sheds; the feeding amount is 35-40 per mu of greenhouses; the stocking density is 6-7 per square meter; the chicken manure falls into the chicken manure collection tray from the mesh of the chicken coop 2 on the chicken net, and collects chicken manure.

(1) Vegetable planting plan

In the middle and late January, fertilize the soil and make a furrow, and in the middle and late February, transplant the tomato seedlings. In mid-March, the loofah seedlings were planted at the foot of the greenhouse in the shed, and two rows were planted in each shed. Tomatoes are harvested from early May to early July, and intertilled once after the tomatoes are harvested. Sow heat-tolerant lettuce varieties. After that, spread the tomato stalks on the loofah border, and topdress the decomposed chicken manure once. Harvest the loofah from early June to mid-September, and then topdress the chicken manure once every 2 to 3 harvests. Lettuce is harvested in mid-August. After the lettuce is harvested, the land is prepared for furrowing, chicken manure is applied, and Chinese cabbage is planted. Harvesting is in mid-November, and the soil is plowed and dried in time. The land is prepared for furrowing and fertilization. In late October, celery is planted. The greenhouse should be covered in the middle of the year, and harvested from January to March of the following year.

(2) Chai chicken breeding plan

Purchase 25 to 30 chickens for breeding. From January to March, the feeding method is mainly based on house feeding and supplemented by grazing. If there is). If the weather is fine, you can put the chickens on the open space between the sheds for activities and foraging from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. The amount of breeding feed is: 55-60g per chicken per day; the rest of the green feed is 30-40g per chicken per day.

The best season for grazing is from the beginning of April to the end of October. During this period, the chickens are released at dawn every day (except rainy and snowy days), so that the chickens can eat ecological feed such as young weeds and insects in the ground between the sheds. When the chickens are rushed to the shed, the light is supplemented, and the egg production and vegetable scraps are supplemented. The amount of egg-laying feed is: 40-50g per chicken per day; the rest of the green feed is 40-60g per chicken per day.

From November to December, the feeding method is mainly based on house feeding and supplemented by grazing. The feed for house feeding is egg-laying feed, and vegetable waste is supplemented. During this period, if the weather is fine, from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, put the chickens on the open space in the shed for food and activities. The amount of egg-laying feed is: 50-70g per chicken per day; the rest of the green feed is 40-60g per chicken per day.

The breeding material is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58% of corn, 15% of bran, 25% of fried soybeans and 2% of shell powder.

The egg-laying feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62% of corn, 30% of fried soybeans and 8% of shell powder.

(3) Organic fertilizer production plan

a. Collect the fresh chicken manure under the net of the flat chicken house on the net and put it on the open space outside the shed, and chop the leftover vegetable stalks of the chicken and the straw of vegetables such as tomato and loofah and mix them into the fresh chicken manure to adjust the chicken manure The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is 30:1, and the moisture content is 45-55% (when the moisture content is high, it can be simply dried), and the fermentation raw materials are obtained for use;

B. then add its quality 0.05% chicken manure starter and 5% humic acid in the fermentation raw material, then add glacial acetic acid to adjust the chicken manure pH to be 5.0;

c. After mixing, put it into an airtight bag, fill it up, seal it, and put it together for anaerobic fermentation. After 20 days, the chicken manure organic fertilizer is fermented, dried to make the moisture content 15-20%, crushed and bagged use.

Applying the above technology, the present invention has done the comparison test of vegetable planting in the Shouguang vegetable planting base, and the comparison test of the chicken breeding in the Laiwu mountain chicken breeding base. The test animals in the breeding test were all reed chickens of the same age (90 days old), and the test vegetables in the planting test were tomatoes, towel gourd, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, and celery of the same variety. The test period of the Chai chicken feeding test is 1 year, and the test period of the vegetable test is 1 year and 3 months. The test results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1 Effects of greenhouse breeding combined mode and traditional breeding mode on the performance of Chai chicken

Table 2 Effects of combined greenhouse planting and breeding mode and traditional greenhouse vegetable planting mode on vegetable yield

From the data in Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that under the combination of greenhouse planting and breeding, Chai chickens can supplement the light in the greenhouse and can eat fresh vegetable leftovers, tender grass and insects all year round. The breeding method was advanced 20 days, the egg production increased by 20.45%, the feed consumption decreased by 28%, and the feed-to-egg ratio decreased by 36%. The carbon dioxide exhaled by the chicken, the heat emitted by the body, and the substances produced by the decomposition of fertilizers are absorbed and utilized by vegetables. The yield of various vegetables also increases to varying degrees. The increase in vegetable yield is more than 10%, and some increase by 20%.

In short, the combination of greenhouse planting and breeding has many advantages over growing vegetables in greenhouses and raising chickens in greenhouses: first, the environment in which chickens live is better; vegetables absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, and chickens absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide, and they complement each other in terms of living environment; In addition, chickens can obtain sufficient green feed all year round to meet the needs of various vitamins and mineral elements, eliminating the use of various feed additives; under the chicken and vegetable shed mode, the vegetables infected with pests are pulled out and fed to the chickens. In this way, without using any pesticides, the potential problems of diseases and insect pests are solved, and the safety of vegetables is more guaranteed. Therefore, this mode not only raises chickens but also harvests green vegetables.

Claims (8)

1. the method for vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse simultaneously, it is characterized in that,

（1）Hen house is set in greenhouse

In greenhouse a thin and small hen net-rearing hen house is built according to north wall；With net bed with opening a window at height on north wall, For herding vacant lot between thin and small hen turnover greenhouse and canopy；The number of animals raised is 35~40/mu greenhouses；

（2）Vegetable cultivation

Crop rotation and/or intercropping plant vegetables in greenhouse；The chicken manure organic fertilizer that the excrement that vegetable cultivation is produced using thin and small hen makes Based on, the fertilization mode supplemented by chemical fertilizer；Avoid using organophosphor or chrysanthemum lipid agricultural chemicals during vegetable cultivation；Vegetables are got a foothold Material is placed into edible to thin and small hen in the hopper of thin and small hen；

Wherein, the preparation method of chicken manure organic fertilizer is：

A. collect thin and small hen net-rearing hen house fresh chicken manure off the net and be placed in canopy outer space on the ground, and dish is obstructed into the straw chopping with vegetables Mix in fresh chicken manure, to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of chicken manure as 28~30：1, moisture content 45~55% obtains fermentation raw material stand-by；

B. chicken manure fermenting agent and the humic acid of its quality 4~6% and then in fermentation raw material are added, glacial acetic acid regulation chicken manure is added pH4.5-5.5；

C. it is fitted into anaerobic fermentation in air-locked sack after mixing, chicken manure organic fertilizer is obtained after fermenting successfully；Then dry, make water Divide content 15~20%, crush pack stand-by；

（3）Thin and small hen cultivates

Vacant lot is herded between canopy is combined cultivation thin and small hen with drylot feeding in thin and small hen net-rearing hen house；

1~March, use based on drylot feeding, herd supplemented by feeding manner, drylot feeding feed is using being bred as material and vegetable plot weeds And/or vegetables leftover bits and pieces；Wherein be bred as material consumption be：Daily every 50~60g of chicken；

First arrival in April by the end of October, uses the feeding manner based on herding, supplemented by drylot feeding, drylot feeding feed is using material and the vegetables of laying eggs Leftover bits and pieces；The consumption of material of wherein laying eggs is：Daily every 40~50g of chicken；

11~December, use based on drylot feeding, herd supplemented by feeding manner, drylot feeding feed is using laying eggs material and vegetables are got a foothold Material；The consumption of material of wherein laying eggs is：Daily every 50~70g of chicken；

1~the March and 11~December, it is specially supplemented by herding：The fine morning 10 on date when afternoon 4, Chicken is put between canopy on vacant lot activity and looked for food；

The first arrival in April by the end of October, based on herding be specially：At day thin and small hen is released daily, allow thin and small hen search for food canopy between In young tender weeds and Insect Ecology feed, at dark by chicken group rush in the thin and small hen net-rearing hen house of greenhouse.

2. the method for vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 simultaneously, it is characterized in that, institute 60~80 centimetres of net bed height is stated, net-rearing hen house area is the 0.8~1.5% of greenhouse area.

3. the method for vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 simultaneously, it is characterized in that, institute State on north wall with net bed with the window that one 0.5~1.0 square metre is opened at height.

4. the method for vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 simultaneously, it is characterized in that, institute State be bred as material by following weight than raw material be made：Corn 55~60%, wheat bran 12~18%, stir-bake to yellowish beans 22~28%, oyster shell whiting 1.5~2.5%.

5. the method for vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse described in claim 4 simultaneously, it is characterized in that, it is described Be bred as material by following weight than raw material be made：Corn 58%, wheat bran 15%, stir-bake to yellowish beans 25%, oyster shell whiting 2%.

6. the method for vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 simultaneously, it is characterized in that, institute State lay eggs material by following weight than raw material be made：Corn 60~65%, stir-bake to yellowish beans 28~32%, oyster shell whiting 5~10%.

7. the method for vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse as claimed in claim 6 simultaneously, it is characterized in that, institute State lay eggs material by following weight than raw material be made：Corn 62%, stir-bake to yellowish beans 30%, oyster shell whiting 8%.

8. the side of vegetable cultivation and thin and small hen cultivation is carried out in a kind of greenhouse as described in any one in claim 1-7 simultaneously Method, it is characterized in that, the plantation of the crop rotation in the greenhouse tomato, romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage and celery, intercropping plant sponge gourd.