CN110384024A - A kind of cultural method of forage maize - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of forage maize Download PDFInfo
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- CN110384024A CN110384024A CN201910827572.XA CN201910827572A CN110384024A CN 110384024 A CN110384024 A CN 110384024A CN 201910827572 A CN201910827572 A CN 201910827572A CN 110384024 A CN110384024 A CN 110384024A
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- forage maize
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method of forage maize (trickle irrigation areas), belong to technical field of crop cultivation, the following steps are included: preceding crop is selected to cultivate forage maize for the plot of wheat, rape or legume, the preceding crop harvest after the autumn turn over before spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure, spring site preparation；Forage maize seed after sunning is sowed in the first tenday period of a month in May；After the forage maize seed sprouting, thinning final singling is carried out；When forage maize length to 4~5 leaf phase, first time intertillage is carried out；When forage maize length to the 8 leaf phase, carries out second and intertill；Before the forage maize jointing, urea is applied with water droplet, and carry out intertillage trickle irrigation；Harvest when the whole strain moisture content of the forage maize drops to 65% or before frost occurs.Cultural method provided by the invention makes the per mu yield of forage maize improve 360~576kg, and cost reduces by 5%~7%, and protein is increased to 12.33% by 10.87% in forage maize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation more particularly to a kind of cultural methods of forage maize.
Background technique
Xinjiang is located in Eurasia innerland, and illumination is sufficient, and heat resources are abundant, and day and night temperature is big, though rainfall is rare, tool
There is matched irrigating facility, be particularly suitable for corn growth, is the generally acknowledged maximum area of Chinese maize yield development potentiality.Corn
There are the characteristics such as biomass height, the excellent and suitable ensiling of nutritive value as forage crops, development fodder maize can power-assisted currently support
Grow the development of industry, the especially development of Livestock ox, sheep industry.For active response autonomous region about Efforts To Develop animal husbandry and
The instruction of grass cultivation coordinated development, greatly developing fodder maize facilitates area's planting industry and aquaculture and society, economy and life
The coordinated development of state.
The type of forage maize is few at present, and cultivation technique falls behind, planting cost height, low output, poor quality.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation sides of the good forage maize of yield height, nutritional quality
Method.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical schemes:
The present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of forage maize, comprising the following steps:
It selects preceding crop to cultivate forage maize for the plot of wheat, rape, legume, is harvested in the preceding crop
The coming year sows in spring or is poured water, ploughed when replaying, site preparation afterwards, basal dressing during the site preparation；
Forage maize seed after sunning is sowed in the first tenday period of a month in May, the application rate of the sowing is 1~1.5kg/ mus, institute
The line-spacing for stating sowing is 50~55cm, and the spacing in the rows of the sowing is 35~40cm；
After the forage maize seed sprouting, thinning final singling, one plant of a cave are carried out；
When the forage maize it is long to 4~5 leaf phase when, carry out first time intertillage, the depth of the first time intertillage is 5~
7cm；It when forage maize length to the 8 leaf phase, carries out second and intertills, described second depth intertilled is 10~15cm；
Before the forage maize jointing, urea is applied with water droplet, and carry out intertillage trickle irrigation；
Harvest when the whole strain moisture content of the forage maize drops to 65% or before frost occurs.
Preferably, the amount poured water after the preceding crop harvest is 20~30m3/ mu, the depth ploughed be 23~
27cm。
Preferably, the base manure includes well-rotted farmyard manure, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate；The applied amount of the well-rotted farmyard manure
For 3~4m3/ mu, the applied amount of the phosphoric acid diamines are 20~30kg/ mus, and the applied amount of the potassium sulfate is 4~6kg/
Mu.
Preferably, the sunning of the forage maize seed is carried out in the preceding 5~15d of sowing, and the forage maize seed dries in the air
The solarization time is 4~6h.
Preferably, described after planting using all 100~120mL/ mus of progress soil closings of that of herbicide gold.
Preferably, it is 18~22kg/ mus that the drop, which applies the amount of urea, and the irrigation quantity of the intertillage trickle irrigation is 25~30m3/
Mu.
Preferably, when forage maize length to 4~5 leaf phase, outstanding person is ploughed with herbicide and carries out weeding, the herbicide is ploughed
Outstanding amount of application is 80~100mL/ mus.
Preferably, the herbicide is ploughed outstanding application method and is sprayed for machinery.
Preferably, in forage maize length to one heart stage of leaf, pest control is carried out using trichlorphon.
Preferably, the kind of the forage maize is ' beautiful grass 3 '.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the cultural method of forage maize provided by the invention, by selecting plot, control cultivation
Rich water in the process, pest and disease damage and etc. the output increased of forage maize that the present invention is obtained, cost reduce, and significantly
The quality for improving forage maize.Record according to the embodiment carries out forage maize using cultural method provided by the invention
Cultivation, per mu yield improves 360~576kg, and cost reduces by 5%~7%, and protein is increased to by 10.87% in forage maize
12.33%.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of forage maize, comprising the following steps: selects preceding crop for wheat, oil
The plot cultivation forage maize of dish, legume, sows in spring after preceding crop harvest and carries out site preparation, during the site preparation
Basal dressing；Forage maize seed after sunning is sowed in the first tenday period of a month in May, the application rate of the sowing is 1~1.5kg/ mus, described
The line-spacing of sowing is 50~55cm, and the spacing in the rows of the sowing is 35~40cm；After the forage maize seed sprouting, between progress
Seedling final singling, one plant of a cave；When forage maize length to 4~5 leaf phase, first time intertillage is carried out, the first time intertillage
Depth is 5~7cm；It when forage maize length to the 8 leaf phase, carries out second and intertills, the depth intertilled for the second time is
10~15cm；Before the forage maize jointing, drop applies urea, and carries out intertillage trickle irrigation；When the whole strain moisture of the forage maize
It is harvested when content drops to 65% or before frost occurs.
In the present invention, preceding crop is selected to cultivate forage maize for the plot of wheat, rape legume.In the present invention
In, the plot is preferably the plot that soil layer is deep, fertile；Avoid continuous cropping and meets stubble.In the present invention, preceding crop be wheat,
The advantage that the plot of rape or legume has crop rotation, prevents soil-borne disease, fertilizing fixed nitrogen, increases production and improves productivity, Neng Gouwei
The cultivation of forage maize provides good planting conditions.The present invention fills the plot after choosing the plot of sowing
Water is ploughed, site preparation.In the present invention, the amount poured water is preferably 20~30m3/ mu, more preferably 23~28m3/ mu, it is optimal
It is selected as 25m3/ mu.In the present invention, described plough preferably is carried out using uncovering plough, and the plough ploughed deeply preferably 23~
27cm, more preferably 25cm.The present invention carries out site preparation after described plough, and the site preparation includes rake a kind of farm tools and levels land.This hair
It is bright prior to seeding, preferably further include plough shallowly step on moisture in the soil so that soil reaches defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower state.The present invention steps on the shallow plowing
The concrete operations of moisture in the soil are not particularly limited, and step on moisture in the soil operation using the shallow plowing of this field routine.The present invention is in the site preparation mistake
Cheng Zhong, preferred basal dressing, in the present invention, the base manure include well-rotted farmyard manure, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate；It is described decomposed
The applied amount of farmyard manure is preferably 3~4m3/ mu, more preferably 3.2~3.8m3/ mu；In the present invention, the well-rotted farmyard manure
For decomposed cow dung or decay sheep excrement；The applied amount of the phosphoric acid diamines is preferably 20~30kg/ mus, more preferably 22~28m3/
Mu, most preferably 25m3/ mu；The applied amount of the potassium sulfate is preferably 4~6kg/ mus, more preferably 5kg/ mus.
The present invention is dried before forage maize seed sowing；The sunning of the forage maize seed preferably in
Preceding 5~15d is sowed to carry out, the sunning preferably in fine day progress, the sunning time of the forage maize seed is preferably 4~
6h, more preferably 5h；The purpose of the sunning of the forage maize seed is to improve percentage of seedgermination；In the present invention, the feeding
Careless corn seed be preferably it is selected after seed, the selected preferred method using manually or mechanically carries out, described selected
Preferably remove granule, broken grain and infected seed.In the present invention, the kind of the forage maize is preferably ' beautiful grass 3 '.
In the present invention, the forage maize seed is sowed in the first tenday period of a month in May.In the present invention, it is preferred to before May 10
Complete sowing；The application rate of the sowing is preferably 1~1.5kg/ mus, and more preferably 1.1~1.4kg/ mus, the row of the sowing
Away from preferably 50~55cm, more preferably 51~54cm, the spacing in the rows of the sowing is preferably 35~40cm, more preferably 36~
39cm.The present invention is not particularly limited the method for sowing, using artificial seeding or mechanical planting.The present invention is in institute
It states after planting, preferred use gold all 100~125mL/ mus of progress soil closings of that, more preferably 100mL/ mus；The soil
Closed effect is to prevent weeds in field from growing.In the present invention, if carrying out the replay of forage maize (with being only suitable for Xinjiang South Sinkiang
Area), the time of the replay preferably completed before July 15.
In the present invention, after the forage maize seed sprouting, thinning final singling, one plant of a cave are carried out.In the present invention,
The thinning final singling is preferably carried out using artificial method, and sick, weak, seedling is removed, preferred to guarantee one plant of a cave；If described
During thinning final singling, there are two caves or more and be short of seedling, double strains are preferably stayed in adjacent cave.The present invention is during the thinning, preferably
Hoe removes weeds in field.
In the present invention, when forage maize length to one heart stage of leaf, pest control is carried out using trichlorphon.
In the present invention, the mass concentration of the trichlorphon is preferably 85%~95%, and more preferably 90%；The crystal enemy hundred
The amount of application of worm is preferably 0.4~0.5kg/ mus；In specific implementation process of the present invention, the trichlorphon preferably through
Following methods are administered: the trichlorphon of 1kg obtains trichlorphon dilution with 10kg after hot water dissolving, is added water to；
The trichlorphon dilution is sprayed on the cake powder or wheat bran that 100kg stir-fries and is mixed thoroughly, direct motion is spread fertilizer over the fields to feeding when the dusk
The root of careless corn；It is described to spread appropriate preferably 4~6kg/ mus, more preferably 5kg/ mus.In the present invention, the crystal enemy hundred
Worm can be good at preventing and treating cutworm.
In the present invention, when forage maize length to 4~5 leaf phase, first time intertillage, the first time intertillage are carried out
Depth be preferably 5~7cm, more preferably 6cm；When forage maize length to the 8 leaf phase, carries out second and intertill, it is described
The depth of second of intertillage is preferably 10~15cm, more preferably 11~14cm；In the present invention, the effect of the intertillage is to increase
Add the permeability of soil, improve ground temperature conducive to plant growth while management of weeds.In the present invention, when the forage maize is long extremely
When 4~5 leaf phase, outstanding person preferably is ploughed with herbicide and carries out weeding, it is preferably 80~100mL/ that the herbicide, which ploughs outstanding amount of application,
Mu, more preferably 100mL/ mus.In the present invention, it is preferably that machinery sprays that the herbicide, which ploughs outstanding method of administration,；In this hair
In bright specific implementation process, the herbicide is ploughed after outstanding person preferably dilutes according to 1:250, be diluted in fine day it is calm when with mechanical spray
Machine is uniformly sprayed with 15~20 kilometers per hour of speed per hour.
In the present invention, before the forage maize jointing, drop applies urea, and carries out intertillage trickle irrigation.In the present invention, institute
Stating with the amount that water droplet applies urea is preferably 18~22kg/ mus, more preferably 20kg/ mus；The irrigation quantity of the intertillage trickle irrigation is preferred
For 25~30m3/ mu, more preferably 26~29m3/ mu.Jointing stage is the critical period of corn growth, and needs the most main of rich water
Period is wanted, the present invention applies urea with water droplet and carry out intertillage trickle irrigation before the forage maize jointing, on the one hand meets forage grass jade
Demand of the rice to liquid manure, on the other hand carries out intertillage trickle irrigation after drop applies urea, it is possible to reduce urea volatilization.
In the present invention, harvest when the whole strain moisture content of the forage maize drops to 65% or before frost occurs.
Technical solution provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but they cannot be understood
For limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Cultural method provided by the invention carries out the cultivation of ' beautiful grass 3 ', the specific steps are as follows:
1, preceding preparation is broadcast
1.1 reasonable selection of lands
Deep, the fertile preceding stubble of selection soil layer is that wheat, rape, legume replay, and avoids continuous cropping or meets stubble.
1.2 fine site preparations
It pours water in time before sowing in spring after rape, wheat, legume preceding crop harvest, per acre irrigation quantity 25m3, plough is deeply
25cm harrows a kind of farm tools in time, levels land, and ploughs shallowly before broadcasting and steps on moisture in the soil, reaches defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower.
1.3 seed cleaning
It broadcasts first 10 days, fine day is selected to carry out sunning 5h to seed, improve germination percentage, using manually or mechanically to seed progress
It is selected, remove granule, broken grain, infected seed.
2, timely and appropriate discovery is sowed
2.1 sowing time
It was completed before May 10 between positive sowing time, the replay time completed sowing before July 15.
2.2 application rate
1.5kg/ mus of application rate, line-spacing 55cm, spacing in the rows 40cm, keeping a full stand of seedings 3030 plants/acre is advisable.100mL/ mus of Jin Douer progress
Soil closing, can effectively prevent weeds in field.
3, it applies fertilizers scientifically
3.1 applying fertilizer to the subsoil
Apply high-quality decomposed cow dung or decay sheep excrement 3.5m3, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 25kg, potassium sulfate per acre in conjunction with seedbed preparation
5kg。
The top dressing of 3.2 jointing stages
Jointing stage is the critical period of corn growth, and needs the main period of rich water.Before jointing, drop applies urea
20kg/ mus, trickle irrigation is intertilled after applying immediately, per acre irrigation quantity 28m3, reduce urea volatilization.
4, field management
4.1 thinning final singlings
After forage maize emergence, remove sick, weak, seedling, hoe uses up weeds in field, one plant of a cave in principle, be short of seedling two caves with
On stay double strains.
4.2 tillage and weeding
When coming up, 4~5 leaf phases carried out first time intertillage, depth 6cm；8 leaf phases carried out second and intertill, depth
13cm。
5, disease pest and weed is prevented and treated
5.1 chemical weed control
When forage maize grows into 4~5 leaf, outstanding to weeds cauline leaf process, dosage 100mL per acre is ploughed with herbicide,
It is uniformly sprayed with mechanical spraying machine with 18 kilometers per hour of speed per hour when fine day is calm.
5.2 pest control
Seedling stage should be noted that the prevention and treatment subterranean pest-insects such as cutworm, one leaf of seedling stage wholeheartedly when, take 90% trichlorphon 1kg, first
It after a small amount of hot water dissolving, adds water and is equably sprayed to 10kg on the cake powder or wheat bran that 100kg stir-fries, in being close to after mixing thoroughly
Late direct motion is sprinkling upon crop root, uses 5kg per acre, and prevention and treatment cutworm effect is fine.
6, it harvests in due course
It is harvested in time when whole strain moisture content drops to 65% or before frost occurs.
Forage maize kind ' beautiful grass 3 ' the plantation feature obtained using this method:
It replays breeding time 87 days in Southern Xinjiang；Variety seeds yellow, 270~290g of mass of 1000 kernel.Plant strain growth is in great numbers, root
System is flourishing, and stalk is sturdy, and stem is upright, and Clipped plant height is not up to 4m or more, the thick 2.13~2.78cm of stem, and blade is long by 80~
118cm, wide 8.8~12.5cm；Male flower category panicle, the long 44.2cm of main shaft, tiller are 3~4 average；Female flower category spike flower
Sequence, female fringe is more and small, and tiller 3~5.Blade crude protein 17.11%, crude fat 3.12%, acid detergent fiber 47.26%,
Neutral detergent fiber 74.52%；Stalk crude protein 12.28%, crude fat 1.5%, acid detergent fiber 41.11%, neutrality is washed
Wash fiber 64.95%.It is 120d or so in preferential species growing area number of growing days (emergence-maturation), needs >=10 DEG C of active accumulated temperatures 2460
DEG C or so.
The characteristics such as varietal adaptation, yield, quality using this method cultivation forage maize kind ' beautiful grass 3 ':
1. wide adaptability
' beautiful grass 3 ' demonstrated in Experiment in Introduction in 2015, and 2016 Moyu County, 2017 after Hetian County has carried out wheat
Replay demonstration, yield are higher resistant to lodging.
2. output condition
7200kg/ mus of biological yield are just being broadcast in Moyu County within 2016, replaying 5230kg/ mus of geodyte yield；Breeding time
87 days.It replays 5170kg/ mus of geodyte yield in Hetian County within 2017.
3. in terms of quality
Blade crude protein 17.11%, crude fat 3.12%, acid detergent fiber 47.26%, neutral detergent fiber
74.52%；Stalk crude protein 12.28%, crude fat 1.5%, acid detergent fiber 41.11%, neutral detergent fiber
64.95%.
4. susceptible situation
Head smut disease incidence 2.7%~3.2%.
5. points for attention
The kind tiller is more, cannot remove tiller, otherwise will affect yield.
After carrying out corn planting using the above method, per mu yield reaches 7200kg, improves yield 5%~8%, converts into per mu yield
360~576kg is improved, 674~688 yuan of cost, cost reduces by 5%~7%, greatly improves herbage quality and nutrition, protein
12.33% is increased to by original 10.87%.
The cultivation that ' beautiful grass 3 ' is carried out using conventional method, using conventional sowing, cultivation and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, urine
Element is to spread fertilizer over the fields.Forage maize kind ' beautiful grass 3 ' plantation feature of acquisition:
It replays breeding time 87 days in Southern Xinjiang；Variety seeds yellow, 260~275g of mass of 1000 kernel.Plant strain growth is in great numbers, root
System is flourishing, and stalk is sturdy, and stem is upright, and Clipped plant height is not up to 4m or more, the thick 2.13~2.25cm of stem, and blade is long by 80~
106cm, wide 8.1~11.1cm；Male flower category panicle, the long 42.2cm of main shaft, tiller are 3~4 average；Female flower category spike flower
Sequence, female fringe is more and small, and tiller 3~5.Blade crude protein 15.11%, crude fat 3.01%, acid detergent fiber 47.00%,
Neutral detergent fiber 73.21%；Stalk crude protein 12.15%, crude fat 1.3%, acid detergent fiber 41.03%, neutrality is washed
Wash fiber 63.23%.6840~6624kg of per mu yield.It is 120d or so in preferential species growing area number of growing days (emergence-maturation), needs
>=10 DEG C 2460 DEG C of active accumulated temperature or so.Susceptible situation, head smut disease incidence 2.9%~3.8%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of forage maize, which comprises the following steps:
Preceding crop is selected to cultivate forage maize for the plot of wheat, rape, legume, after preceding crop harvest,
Plot is carried out site preparation, basal dressing during the site preparation by spring；
Forage maize seed after sunning is sowed in the first tenday period of a month in May, the application rate of the sowing is 1~1.5kg/ mus, described to broadcast
The line-spacing of kind is 50~55cm, and the spacing in the rows of the sowing is 35~40cm；
After the forage maize seed sprouting, thinning final singling, one plant of a cave are carried out；
When forage maize length to 4~5 leaf phase, first time intertillage is carried out, the depth of the first time intertillage is 5~7cm；
It when forage maize length to the 8 leaf phase, carries out second and intertills, described second depth intertilled is 10~15cm；
Before the forage maize jointing, urea is applied with water droplet, and carry out intertillage trickle irrigation；
Harvest when the whole strain moisture content of the forage maize drops to 65% or before frost occurs.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sow in spring after the preceding crop harvest or replay fills
The amount of water is 20~30m3/ mu, the depth ploughed are 23~27cm.
3. cultural method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the base manure includes well-rotted farmyard manure, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium and potassium sulfate；The applied amount of the well-rotted farmyard manure is 3~4m3/ mu, the applied amount of the phosphoric acid diamines are 20~30kg/
Mu, the applied amount of the potassium sulfate are 4~6kg/ mus.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sunning of the forage maize seed is in sowing preceding 5
~15d is carried out, and the sunning time of the forage maize seed is 4~6h.
5. cultural method according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that described after planting using herbicide gold all thats 100
~120mL/ mus of progress soil closing.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the amount for applying urea with water droplet is 18~22kg/
The irrigation quantity of mu, the intertillage trickle irrigation is 25~30m3/ mu.
7. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when forage maize length to 4~5 leaf phase, use
Herbicide ploughs outstanding progress weeding, and it is 80~100mL/ mus that the herbicide, which ploughs outstanding amount of application,.
8. cultural method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that it is mechanical spray that the herbicide, which ploughs outstanding application method,
It applies.
9. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in forage maize length to one heart stage of leaf,
Pest control is carried out using trichlorphon.
10. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the kind of the forage maize is ' beautiful grass 3 '.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112335639A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-09 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Root irrigation, fertilization and pesticide application device and method |
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