CN109618838A - Make light to simplify Cultivate administration method between a kind of soya corn wide cut - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses make light simplified Cultivate administration method between a kind of soya corn wide cut, the present invention is based on soybean culture fertility advantage and corn Dominance in border row, according to single plant productive potentialities are big and corn, a kind of implantation methods of suitable entire mechanization of soybean different ecological position complementarity principle design, it mainly compresses corn distance between rows and hills, it ensures in unit area maize intercropping plantation strain number and routinely pure to make corn plants number almost the same, it reserves and plants soybean between bandwidth, pass through alternately shifting cultivation between corn belt and soybean band year border, realize land used and combination of increasing soil fertility, guarantee in the case where corn is than the pure work not underproduction, increase income 100 kilograms of soybean or more；Make to be convenient for entire mechanization between corn soybean wide cut, simplification plantation greatlys save artificial；Using special defoliation ripening agent, promote corn kernel moisture content that can be down to 5-12%, it is 3-4 days mature in advance.

Description

Make light to simplify Cultivate administration method between a kind of soya corn wide cut

Technical field

The present invention relates to light simplified Cultivate administration method is made between a kind of soya corn wide cut, belong to planting technology field.

Background technique

Shandong wheat and corn yields two crops a year, and is the main cropping pattern of Shandong Province field crop, this single planting die Formula brings wheat scab and maize kernel rot to increase year by year, and the underproduction is significant；Simultaneously because corn price is lower in recent years, this Kind mode planting benefit is poor.Simultaneously with the reduction of labour and the increase of cost, Huang-Huai-Hai summer corn Grain water is high, difficult With the mechanical bottleneck for receiving grain, it would be highly desirable to solve.

Shandong Province soybean and the long-term cultivated area of corn are respectively 3,000,000 mu and 30,000,000 mu or more, strive it is particularly thorny, Our arable land faces huge challenge, it would be desirable to adequately utilize land resource.And reasonably interplanting adequately to utilize Land resource plants different crops on unit area, produces more large-tonnage agricultural product.

Summary of the invention

The present invention overcomes above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides and make between a kind of soya corn wide cut light to simplify Cultivate administration Method.This method is based on soybean culture fertility advantage and corn Dominance in border row, according to single plant productive potentialities are big and corn and soybean A kind of implantation methods of suitable entire mechanization of different ecological position complementarity principle design, mainly compress corn distance between rows and hills, It ensures that maize intercropping plantation strain number and conventional pure corn plants number of making are almost the same in unit area, reserves and plant soybean between bandwidth, it is logical Alternately shifting cultivation between corn belt and soybean band year border is crossed, realizes land used and combination of increasing soil fertility.

Make between a kind of soya corn wide cut it is light simplify Cultivate administration method, include the following steps:

1) selection in plot and kind is planted:

The suitable plot of selection, the soybean varieties and corn variety for selecting character suitable carry out prevention pest and disease damage to seed Processing；

2) it sows:

The sowing of the soya corn same period, in sowing in 8-11 days June, sowing, soil moisture content is between 60-70%；

Select corn // soybean planting row than the cropping pattern for 4:5, corn belt and soybean band constant amplitude, soybean line-spacing 44cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, corn dense planting, line-spacing 55cm, spacing in the rows 12cm, equal monoseeding, soybean and corn spacing 60cm, work are big Beans, corn are all made of mechanical planting；

3) field management

Seedling stage timely herbicide spraying, soybean use sufficient base fertilizer in right amount, and corn uses sufficient base fertilizer, timely top dressing, and chemical regulation is big Beans growing way selects proper moment to spray defoliation ripening agent to soybean, defoliation ripening agent be mu with 200 milliliters of 25% Thidiazuron+ 98% 60 milliliter+35% of sodium trichloroacetate, 5 milliliters of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid.

4) it harvests and dries

Soybean disposable machine uniformly harvest, corn kernel moisture content receive grain, sunning, water content≤13% when being lower than 26% When, can put in storage storage；

5) straw-returning

When soybean and harvest corn, returning to the field after stalk crushes；Corn and soybean exchange crop rotation were planted in 2nd year.

Further, step 1) the suitable plot refers to that soil thickness 50cm or more, soil store fertilizer, fertilizer, water conservation energy Power is strong, the good middle high-yield field of permeability.

Further, soybean varieties finger protein matter content described in step 1) is more than that 45% or more, high yield, plant type are short and thick Strong, limited pod bearing habit and inferior limited pod bearing habits early-maturing variety；

The corn variety refers to the Early-mid ripening kind such as Lu Dan that plant type is compact, grain is received in resistance to close, dehydration fastly, suitable for machinery 2016, enlightening card 517 etc..

Further, the step 1) soybean varieties such as neat yellow 34, He beans 12, the corn variety refer to Shandong it is single 2016, Enlightening card 517.

Further, the processing for pest and disease damage being taken precautions against described in step 1) refers to that soya seeds will be selected by lint coating The commodity kind of reason, seed coat agent selects high skilful 30ml+, and happy 40ml+0.06ml love is close very in due course, pharmacopoeia weight ratio 1:60；

The 40% bromine acyl Diacloden suspension seed-coating agent of seed coat agent of corn high-efficiency low-toxicity is coated, pharmacopoeia weight ratio 1:60, Heavier plot occurs for the corn seed dressing seed not being coated, disease, and 20% benzene first propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate is selected to press 0.1% seed dressing of grain weight, subterranean pest-insect occur heavier plot, 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are selected to mix by the 0.2% of grain weight Kind, the above fungicide+insecticide mixing seed dressing of the mixed hair plot of disease, worm.

Further, field management described in step 3) sprays 72% all your missible oil per acre before emerging after soybean planting Or 200 milliliters of 50% acetochlor ec, native table is closed, except weeds before seedling；5% Quizalotop-ethyl is used per acre when 2-4 piece leaf after emergence The herbicides such as 200 milliliters of missible oil or 10.8% Gallant super herbicide carry out foliar spray, remove Weeds at seedling, weeding have to and When；

After corn seeding pours cover-head water, before emergence, mu mixed 3% pyridine of 40% Yiyoushui suspended emulsion 150-200ml Worm amidine aqueous solution 20ml, 4.5% gamma cyhalothrin microemulsion 20ml, water 30kg, spray after mixing.

Further, soybean heavy dressing fertilizer flower bell fertilizer and foliage application, flowering stage chase after in field management described in step 3) Apply urea mu 10-15Kg, corn generally not top dressing, if fertility middle and later periods discovery soybean, plant have early ageing phenomenon, mu With the aqueous solution of urea of foliage-spray 2%-3% or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 40kg-50kg of 0.2%-0.3%, even spray 2 It is secondary, it is spaced 7d-10d.

Further, field management described in step 3) can be according to soybean growing way, respectively at seedling stage, flowering stage, flower The bell phase sprays 15% casing coupling amine aqueous solution.

Further, spray within defoliation ripening agent 18~25 days before soybean machine is adopted in field management described in step 3) for Preferably, growing way is vigorous, late-maturing, high density soybean can increase 15% dose, if raining in 6 hours after spray defoliation ripening agent, needs timely Fill spray medicine；

Spray defoliation ripening agent, mu dosage 60-80ml within corn 15 days before harvest.

The utility model has the advantages that

1 improves corn planting density by reducing Row spacing of maize, guarantees to increase income in the case where corn is than the pure work not underproduction 100 kilograms of soybean or more.

2, by solving the problems, such as the disease of long-term wheat and corn continuous cropping as crop rotation between corn soybean, improve soil, alleviate The contradiction of 2 kinds of crop difference fields operation.

3 wide (constant amplitudes): corn // corn belt soybean 4:5 and soybean band constant amplitude are suitable for next season crop rotation and mechanization, solution It has determined continuous cropping diseases and culture fertility, has been convenient for mechanization, wide cut stablizes corn yield, increases income soybean.

4 kinds, agronomy (especially chemical control technique) and agricultural machinery, which combine, solves entire mechanization, and especially corn machinery is received Grain is greatly saved artificial.

5 use special defoliation ripening agent, promote corn kernel moisture content that can be down to 5-12%, 3-4 days mature in advance.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

It is divided into four experimental groups, test group 1 using the dedicated defoliation ripening agent of the present invention and sprays (50% using unmanned plane Thidiazuron wettable powder prepares 25% Thidiazuron solution, 98% sodium trichloroacetate, 35% ethephon agent), test group 2 uses Artificial spraying is used using the dedicated ripener of the present invention, (66% Thidiazuron opposes ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid to test group 3 using common defoliant Aqueous solution) and sprayed with unmanned plane, test group 4 does not apply defoliation ripening agent.

1 defoliation ripening effect test of table

As can be seen from Table 1, good using the dedicated defoliation ripening agent defoliation effect of this patent, unmanned plane sprays mu recruitment more It is low.

Embodiment 2

1, prepare before sowing

1.1 plot conditions

Soybean corn intercrop preferably selects soil thickness 50cm or more, and soil storage fertilizer, fertilizer, water holding capacity are strong, and permeability is good Good middle high-yield field.

1.2 fertilisings and site preparation

According to soil fertility condition and yield level, dose is determined in conjunction with soybean, corn nutrient uptake feature, base applies nitrogen (N) per acre 8-12kg, potassium (K2O) 10-12kg, general calcium 50kg (phosphorous (P2O5) 6-9kg, calcium (CaO) 8-10kg and sulphur, suitably application boron, The trace-element fertilizers such as zinc, iron, molybdenum.Applying decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer 2000-3000kg or 200-300kg best buy per acre has Machine fertilizer.

If with slow-release or control-release fertilizer and compound fertilizer special suitable fertilizer can be selected according to crop yield level and technique of balanced fertilizer Kind and dosage.Whole organic fertilizers and 2/3 chemical fertilizer combine arable land apply, residue 1/3 chemical fertilizer combine sowing concentrate application, kind Fertilizer separation, prevents burn seedlings.Timely rotary tillage soil-working is leveled land with this kind of tool with ploughing with rake, and the sundries such as residual film, stone are removed, and accomplishes Horizon, native thin, fertilizer It is even.

Preferably select corn and the dedicated newest patent fertilizer of soybean, it can be achieved that time of infertility applied once fertilizer, seed manure are same It broadcasts and medicine fertilizer integration.

1.3 modes are selected

According to soil fertility and weather conditions, soybean // corn 5:4 mode is may be selected in high-yield field.

1.4 variety adoption

Soybean select short and sturdy high-quality (protein content is more than 45% or more), high yield, plant type, limited pod bearing habit and Inferior limited pod bearing habits early-maturing variety, such as neat yellow 34, He beans 12.

Corn selects the Early-mid ripening kind that plant type is compact, grain is received in resistance to close, dehydration fastly, suitable for machinery, such as Shandong single 2016, enlightening card 517 etc..

1.5 elite seed

Selected seed quality should be better than the regulation of GB 4404.1, reach the requirement of monoseeding.Soya seeds require purity >=98%, germination percentage >=90%, cleanliness >=98%, water content≤12%, corn seed requirement purity >=95%, germination percentage >= 95%, cleanliness >=98%, water content≤10%.

1.6 seed treatment

Soya seeds will select the commodity kind by lint Cotton seeds, and seed coat agent selects high skilful 30ml+ happy 40ml+ in due course 0.06ml love is close very etc., prevention and treatment root rot, nematodiasis and subterranean pest-insect.40% bromine of seed coat agent of corn high-efficiency low-toxicity Heavier plot, choosing occur for the coating of acyl Diacloden suspension seed-coating agent, the corn seed dressing seed not being coated, disease With 20% benzene first propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate by 0.1% seed dressing of grain weight；Heavier plot occurs for subterranean pest-insect, selects 40% pungent sulphur Emulphors oil is dressed seed by the 0.2% of grain weight；The above fungicide+insecticide mixing the seed dressing of the mixed hair plot of disease, worm.It is forbidden to use and contains There is the seed coat agent of carbofuran, thimet etc..The use of seed coat agent and seed dressing should meet the requirement of GB 15671, say according to product Bright book carries out.

1.7 fill row's condition

Water pours that condition is good, and irrigation frequency is short, and irrigation canals and ditches of pouring water are mating, and discharge conduit is unimpeded.

2, it sows

2.1 date of seeding

Soybean, corn can be sowed the same period, preferably before and after June 10.

Soil moisture content: soil relative water content is advisable up to 60%~70% or more when sowing.

2.2 kinds of plant specifications

5:4 mode:, soybean line-spacing 44cm, spacing in the rows 10cm convenient for mechanized operation；1.4 ten thousand plants of density or so of mu, mu is broadcast Measure 8-10kg；Corn wants dense planting, 10,000 plants of mu planting density, increases by 1 times, i.e. line-spacing 55cm than sole maize density, spacing in the rows 12cm, equal monoseeding, the mu amount of broadcasting 2kg or so.(big spacing reduces the influence to soybean, is convenient for by soybean and corn spacing 60cm Field operation).

Soybean seed level 3cm-5cm；Corn seed level 3cm-5cm, the depth are consistent.

2.3 mechanical planting

Between make soybean, corn is all made of mechanical planting, can select soybean, precise seeding machine of corn respectively, also can be selected big Make integrated seeder sowing between beans corn wide cut, soybean seeding row spacing and corn row cave are mixed up according to plantation specification and fertilizer amount Away from, fertilizer applicator flow and herbicide dosage, soybean trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression, herbicide spraying, corn rotary tillage ditches, broadcasts Kind, fertilising, earthing, ridging, suppression, herbicide spraying, earthing are once completed.

3, field management

3.1 seedling management

72% all your missible oil or 50% acetochlor ec is sprayed before emerging after soybean planting, closes native table；2-4 piece after emergence The herbicides such as Ye Shiyong Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil or 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl carry out foliar spray.Cover-head water is poured in corn seeding Afterwards, before emerging, per acre with 40% Yiyoushui suspended emulsion 150-200ml, mixture 3% Acetamiprid aqueous solution 20ml and 4.5% is high Lambda-cyhalothrin microemulsion 20ml is imitated, 30kg controlling weeds, small brown rice planthopper, thrips and the above the average age for marriage residual worm of wheatland are watered, prevents rough dwarf disease, Ensure a mu strain number.Pay attention to that progress to be isolated when corn and soybean herbicide spraying, can take atomiser head that protective cover etc. is added to arrange Apply

3.2 water management

It waters depending on soil moisture content, soybean flowering stage, flower pod phase meet drought watering, and early September meets drought watering in time by the end of August, to increase Yield；Corn meets drought watering in time in the toy trumpet mouth phase, to guarantee yield.Irrigation method uses infiltrating irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or furrow irrigation；It meets strong Rainfall should drain flooded fields in time.

The prevention and treatment of 3.3 main diseases and insect pests

According to the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", chemical prevention is rationally carried out, the use of pesticide should meet GB 4285 requirement, field control operation will meet the regulation of GB/T 17997.It is advised according to local soybean, Corn diseases and insect pests Rule, reasonable selection medicament and dosage.Be coated by seed coat agent or dress seed it is anti-eliminate aphis, bollworm, Bemisia tabaci, fleahopper silk worm, root-rot Disease etc. selects soya corn to share chemical control referring to NY/T 2394 and DB37/T159.

3.4 top dressing

Dressing time will be determined according to breediness and soil fertility.Soybean heavy dressing fertilizer flower bell fertilizer and foliage application, flowering stage chase after Apply urea 10-15Kg per acre, corn generally not top dressing.If fertility middle and later periods discovery soybean, plant have early ageing phenomenon, often The aqueous solution of urea of mu foliage-spray 2%-3% or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 40kg-50kg of 0.2%-0.3%, even spray 2 It is secondary, it is spaced 7d-10d.Other foliar fertilizers through the Ministry of Agriculture or the registration of provincial department can also be sprayed.

3.5 chemical regulation

According to soybean growing way, 15% casing coupling amine aqueous solution is applied respectively at seedling stage, flowering stage, flowering and boll-setting period.

3.6 defoliation ripening

Spraying within the agent of soybean defoliation ripening 18~25 days before machine is adopted is advisable, and generally sprays in 13~No. 25 large area of September.It is de- It falls agent and selects 5 milliliters of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid of 60 milliliter+35% of sodium trichloroacetate of 200 milliliter+98% of 25% Thidiazuron of mu.Growing way is vigorous, late Ripe, high density soybean can increase 15% dose；If raining in 6 hours after spraying defoliant, need to fill spray medicine in time.

Corn 15 days fruit ears before harvest spray defoliation ripening agent: 25% 200 milliliter+98% of Thidiazuron sodium trichloroacetate 6 0 milliliter+35% 5 milliliters of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, mu dosage 60-80ml, grain water content can be down to 5-12%, 3-4 days mature in advance.

Corn and soybean unmanned plane can spray simultaneously.

3.7 harvests and sunning

Soybean can use the great Feng king 4L-1 type of rich (Yanzhou) the agricultural machinery Co., Ltd production of love University of Science and Technology certainly in the yellow bar phase Walk formula soybean combine, disposable machine uniformly harvest.When corn kernel moisture content is lower than 26%, using the smooth and prosperous agricultural in Guangrao CB03 (4Y2-3H) type corn granular harvesting machine machinery of Machinery Co., Ltd.'s production receives grain, sunning, when water content≤13%, can put in storage Storage.

4, it harvests and dries

When soybean and harvest corn, returning to the field after stalk crushes.

5, result

2 Different Ways of Planting yield of table, the output value, cost, benefit comparison

Note: cost includes the direct operating costs such as the means of agricultural production+agricultural machinery+artificial, does not include cost of land；Corn price by 8 yuan/ Kilogram, soybean press 2.2 yuan/kilogram, 10 yuan/hour of labour cost/people.

As can be seen from Table 2, this patent improves corn planting density by reducing Row spacing of maize, guarantee not subtract in corn than pure In the case where production, 100 kilograms of soybean or more are increased income.

Kind, agronomy (especially chemical control technique) and agricultural machinery, which combine, solves entire mechanization, and especially corn machinery is received Grain is greatly saved artificial.

Using special defoliation ripening agent, promote corn kernel moisture content that can be down to 5-12%, it is 3-4 days mature in advance, The links such as reduce threshing and dry than receiving fringe, solves manually and freight etc..

It is compared with other planting patterns, yield highest, the output value are maximum, cost is minimum, benefit is best.

Claims (9)

1. making light simplified Cultivate administration method between a kind of soya corn wide cut, which comprises the steps of:

1) selection in plot and kind is planted

The suitable plot of selection, the soybean varieties and corn variety for selecting character suitable carry out the place of prevention pest and disease damage to seed Reason；

2) it sows

The sowing of the soya corn same period, in sowing in 8-11 days June, sowing, soil moisture content is between 60-70%；

Corn // soybean 4:5 cropping pattern is selected, corn belt and soybean band constant amplitude, soybean line-spacing 44cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, corn are close It plants, line-spacing 55cm, spacing in the rows 12cm, equal monoseeding, soybean and corn spacing 60cm, makees soybean, corn is all made of machinery and broadcasts Kind；

3) field management

Seedling stage timely herbicide spraying, soybean use sufficient base fertilizer, and corn uses sufficient base fertilizer, timely top dressing, chemical regulation soybean growing way, choosing It selects proper moment and defoliation ripening agent is sprayed to soybean, defoliation ripening agent is mu 25% Thidiazuron 180-200ml, 98% 3 chloroethene The mixed solution of sour sodium 50-6 0ml, 35% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 3-5ml；

4) it harvests and dries

Soybean disposable machine uniformly harvest, corn kernel moisture content receive grain, sunning when being lower than 26%, can when water content≤13% It puts in storage storage；

5) straw-returning

When soybean and harvest corn, returning to the field after stalk crushes；Corn and soybean exchange crop rotation were planted in 2nd year.

2. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1) the suitable plot refers to soil layer thickness 50cm or more is spent, soil storage fertilizer, fertilizer, water holding capacity are strong, the good middle high-yield field of permeability.

3. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that soybean varieties finger protein matter described in step 1) 45% or more content, high yield, plant type be short and sturdy, limited pod bearing habit and inferior limited pod bearing habits early-maturing variety；

The corn variety refers to the Early-mid ripening kind that plant type is compact, grain is received in resistance to close, dehydration fastly, suitable for machinery.

4. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soybean varieties refer to neat yellow 34, He beans 12； The corn variety refers to Shandong single 2016, enlightening card 517.

5. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that take precautions against the place of pest and disease damage described in step 1) Reason refers to that soya seeds will select the commodity kind by lint Cotton seeds, seed coat agent select high skilful 30ml, in due course happy 40ml, The weight ratio of the close very hybrid medicine solution of 0.06ml love, drug and seed is 1:60；

The 40% bromine acyl Diacloden suspension seed-coating agent of seed coat agent of corn high-efficiency low-toxicity is coated, and pharmacopoeia weight ratio 1:60 does not have Heavier plot occurs for the corn seed dressing seed of coating, disease, and 20% benzene first propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate is selected to press seed 0.1% seed dressing of weight, subterranean pest-insect occur heavier plot, 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are selected to mix by the 0.2% of seed weight Kind, the mixed hair above fungicide in plot of disease, worm and insecticide mixing seed dressing.

6. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that field management described in step 3), soybean 72% all your missible oil or 50% acetochlor ec 200ml is after planting sprayed before emergence per acre, closes native table, 2-4 piece leaf after emergence When per acre with Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil or 10.8% efficiently lid grass missible oil 200ml herbicide carry out foliar spray；

After corn seeding pours cover-head water, before emergence, mu mixed 3% Acetamiprid of 40% Yiyoushui suspended emulsion 150-200ml Aqueous solvent 20ml, 4.5% gamma cyhalothrin microemulsion 20ml, water 30kg, spray after mixing.

7. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that soybean in field management described in step 3) Heavy dressing fertilizer flower bell fertilizer and foliage application, flowering stage impose urea mu 10-15kg, if fertility middle and later periods discovery soybean, corn are planted When strain has early ageing phenomenon, the mu aqueous solution of urea of foliage-spray 2%-3% or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 0.2%-0.3% 40kg-50kg, even spray 2 times, is spaced 7d-10d.

8. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that field management described in step 3) is according to big Beans growing way sprays 15% casing coupling amine aqueous solution respectively at seedling stage, flowering stage, flowering and boll-setting period.

9. Cultivate administration method according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that the pipe of field described in step 3) It sprays within defoliation ripening agent 18~25 days before soybean machine is adopted in reason；

Spray defoliation ripening agent, mu dosage 60-80ml within corn 15 days before harvest.