CN104838854A - High yield planting method for pollution-free corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high yield planting method for pollution-free corn. The method mainly comprises the following steps: step one: land mass selection; step two: seed and processing; step three: crop choosing, land preparation; step four: seeding; step five: fertilizing; step six: field management; and step seven: harvesting. The method is capable of, through scientific and unified management and guidance, solving the defect that the accumulated temperature of the corn growth is not enough because the crop robbed seeding is not in good time; solving the problem that the rotary tillage soil preparation after the wheat harvest is unpractical because of the own management of the farmer; through the scientific management and guidance, matching the fertilization mode, fertilization time and fertilizing amount with the need of the corn, improving the utilization ratio of the fertilizer; and reducing the growth of the weeds, and reducing the weeding expense.

Description

A kind of nuisanceless high-yield plating method of crop

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of corn, particularly the nuisanceless high-yield plating method of crop of one.

Background technology:

Corn all has cultivation in China various places, and the torrid zone, the whole world and Temperate Region in China are extensively planted, and are an important cereal, and corn is very large at the sowing area of China, and distribution is also very wide, and China produces corn per year and accounts for second place of the world.In management process, there is following defect in current China corn: 1, the harvesting wheat time is generally in early June, will rob stubble sowing with the accumulated temperature meeting corn growth after results; 2, under peasant household oneself or small size administrative situation, after harvesting wheat, rotary tillage soil-working is unrealistic; 3, owing to not having scientific management and guidance, fertilization mode, time and fertilizing amount and corn need relatively large deviation; 4, artificial weeding costly.

Summary of the invention

For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of nuisanceless high-yield plating method of crop, mainly comprising the following steps:

Step one: plot is selected; Selection topsoil is deep, and fertility is higher, preserve moisture and fertility and excessively drained field; Soil is Cultivating fertility, crop rotation more than 3 years, black earth thickness 15-20 centimetre; Described crop rotation 3 years is wheat, corn, soybean crop rotation;

Step 2: seed and process

(1) choose seeds: the seed selecting more than 2 grades, the seed of described more than 2 grades is: purity >=95%, cleanliness >=98%, germination rate >=90%, and water content is less than or equal to the seed of 13%;

(2) bask seeds: 13-16 days prior to seeding, by seed airing 2-3 days;

(3) try bud: 9-10 days before sowing, carry out 1-2 Seed germination;

Step 3: select stubble, whole

(1) stubble is selected: front stubble should select soybean or arrish;

(2) wholely: first plough, tilling depth is 20-23 centimetre, accomplishes without balking; Then rotary tillage, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 15-20 centimetre; Then carry out clapping broken leveling, to rake the soil level employing 48 rake, harrow one time, 3.4 rake the soil level 1-2 time, adopt diagonal rake method, accomplish not weigh, do not leak, quality of raking the soil level is: harrow dark 12-15 centimetre, in 1 square metre≤5 centimetres of lump of earth < 3, level error < 3 centimetres in sown scope;

(3) making ridge: row spacing 66--70cm, ridge height 30cm, sits the native 3--4cm of plough, and directly, hundred meters of flexibility < 5cm, suppress in time for ridge point, ridge;

Step 4, sowing

When ground temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil; Sowing time was April 25---and May 5 was Optimal sowing date; Accomplish that the depth is consistent, earthing is even, and after suppression, seed level reaches 3---4cm; Precision point sowing on ridge, the every mu of amount of broadcasting 1.5--2kg; Mu is kept a full stand of seedings 4000--4600 strain; Accomplish with broadcasting with pressure, suppression accomplished not leak, heavy, do not drag heap;

Step 5: fertilising

In tangerine bar also field, on the basis of culture fertility, based on application of organic fertilizers, biological organic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure, a small amount of chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; After upper harvest wheat results, crop tangerine bar all should go back field, every mu of 300-350kg; Every mu of applications of farmyard manure 800-1000kg when whole ground, once applies in conjunction with turning over to rake the soil level; Every mu of application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 4-7kg at seeding time, urea 2-5kg, biological potassium fertilizer 1-3kg, seed manure branch mailbox, must guard against that seed manure is mixed to be executed; The typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 1-4kg; Before corn jointing namely after planting 25-30 days and typhon mouth phase namely after planting about 47-53 days at every turn every mu use urea 0.1-0.6kg, by potassium dihydrogen phosphate 80-110g, be dissolved in 25-35kg water and spray, spray twice altogether;

Step 6: field management

(1) subsoiling before shovel, plows weed eradication, looks into field, artificial weeding of filling the gaps with seedlings, and as being short of seedling after emerging, utilizes preliminary seedling to mend cultivation in time, timely artificial weeding;

(2) intertill, intertill in time after seedling, 4--5 leaf phase front bar chi subsoiling 20--25cm, be with the shallow ridging of little ploughshare, interval 10-13 days, then subsoiling once; The 8--10 leaf phase is with large earthing blade banking up; Accomplish to intertill 3 times between pollution-free food maize growth;

(3) artificial weeding, seedling stage carries out manpower weeding 1--2 time according to careless feelings;

(4) chemical weed control, weeding before seedling, implement the weeding of binary formula according to soil organic matter content situation, the rational use of medicines, reduces crop pollution and soil pollution, according to actual conditions, applicable following formula:

Formula one: 96% gold medal all ear missible oil 1050ml/HA;

Formula two: 50% Le Fengbao missible oil 200ml+80% Flumetsulam moisture content shot agent 75ml/HA;

Formula three: 75% is precious receives dry suspending agent 15--25ml/HA;

(5) pest control

Mythimna separata: late June, average 100 strain corns had 130-160 head mythimna separata as found, available 2.5% cream of decamethrin 350-430ml/HA is watered 280-330kg spraying control;

Maize borer: corn horn mouth latter stage, every mu of available 2.5% time missible oil 8-12ml, is watered 18-22kg spraying control;

(6) final-period management, puts autumn ridge and puts on airs careless 1--2 time, accomplishes not cut strain, do not hinder root, and snag strips off the skin airing;

Step 7: harvesting

(1) harvest time: at the beginning of 9 the end of month to 10 month, gather in the crops after corn ear complete ripeness;

(2) gather in the crops quality: rod under snag, lower rod fortune is clean, added in time; Desiccated velocity reaches less than 20% threshing, timely airing after threshing.

2 grades of described seeds are No. 248, eastern agriculture or dragon single No. 13 or Suiyu 7 or two rich No. 2 kinds.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1, by science, unified management and guidance, solves because robbing the stubble sowing defect of the corn growth accumulated temperature deficiency caused not in time; 2, the unpractical deficiency of rotary tillage soil-working after the harvesting wheat that peasant household oneself administrative institute causes is solved; 3, by management and the guidance of science, accomplish that the needs of fertilization mode, fertilization time and fertilizing amount and corn agree with, improve the availability of fertilizer; 4, decrease the growth of weeds, thus reduce weeding expense.

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1:

A kind of nuisanceless high-yield plating method of crop, mainly comprises the following steps:

Step one: plot is selected; Selection topsoil is deep, and fertility is higher, preserve moisture and fertility and excessively drained field; Soil is Cultivating fertility, crop rotation more than 3 years, black earth thickness 18 centimetres; Described crop rotation 3 years is wheat, corn, soybean crop rotation;

Step 2: seed and process

(1) choose seeds: the seed selecting more than 2 grades, the seed of described more than 2 grades is: purity 97%, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 93%, the seed of water content 11%;

(2) bask seeds: 15 days prior to seeding, by seed airing 2 days;

(3) bud is tried: sow first 10 days, carry out 2 Seed germinations;

Step 3: select stubble, whole

(1) stubble is selected: front stubble should select soybean stubble;

(2) wholely: first plough, tilling depth is 22 centimetres, accomplishes without balking; Then rotary tillage, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 18 centimetres; Then carry out clapping broken leveling, employing 48 rake of raking the soil level, harrows one time, and 3.4 rake the soil level 2 times, and adopt diagonal rake method, accomplish not weigh, do not leak, quality of raking the soil level is: harrow dark 15 centimetres, 2 centimetres of lumps of earth 2 in 1 square metre, level error 2 centimetres in sown scope;

(3) making ridge: row spacing 68cm, ridge height 30cm, sits the native 4cm of plough, and directly, hundred meters of flexibility 4cm, suppress in time for ridge point, ridge;

Step 4, sowing

When ground temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, sowing time was April 30; Accomplish that the depth is consistent, earthing is even, and after suppression, seed level reaches 4cm; Precision point sowing on ridge, the every mu of amount of broadcasting 2kg; Mu is kept a full stand of seedings 4300 strains; Accomplish with broadcasting with pressure, suppression accomplished not leak, heavy, do not drag heap;

Step 5: fertilising

In tangerine bar also field, on the basis of culture fertility, based on application of organic fertilizers, biological organic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure, a small amount of chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; After upper harvest wheat results, crop tangerine bar all should go back field, every mu of 330kg; Every mu of applications of farmyard manure 1000kg when whole ground, once applies in conjunction with turning over to rake the soil level; Every mu of application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 6kg at seeding time, urea 4kg, biological potassium fertilizer 2kg, seed manure branch mailbox, must guard against that seed manure is mixed to be executed; The typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 3kg; Before corn jointing namely after planting 28 days and typhon mouth phase namely after planting about 50 days at every turn every mu use urea 0.5kg, by potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g, be dissolved in 30kg water and spray, spray twice altogether;

Step 6: field management

(1) subsoiling before shovel, plows weed eradication, looks into field, artificial weeding of filling the gaps with seedlings, and as being short of seedling after emerging, utilizes preliminary seedling to mend cultivation in time, timely artificial weeding;

(2) intertill, intertill in time after seedling, 4 leaf phase front bar chi subsoiling 25cm, be with the shallow ridging of little ploughshare, 12 days, interval, then subsoiling once; 9 leaf phases were with large earthing blade banking up; Accomplish to intertill 3 times between pollution-free food maize growth;

(3) artificial weeding, seedling stage carries out manpower weeding 2 times according to careless feelings;

(4) chemical weed control, weeding before seedling, implement the weeding of binary formula according to soil organic matter content situation, the rational use of medicines, reduces crop pollution and soil pollution, according to actual conditions, selects formula: 96% gold medal is ear missible oil 1050ml/HA all;

(5) pest control

Mythimna separata: late June, average 100 strain corns had 150 mythimna separatas as found, available 2.5% cream of decamethrin 400ml/HA is watered 300kg spraying control;

Maize borer: corn horn mouth latter stage, every mu of available 2.5% time missible oil 10ml, is watered 20kg spraying control;

(6) final-period management, put autumn ridge and to put on airs grass 2 times, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root, snag strips off the skin airing;

Step 7: harvesting

(1) harvest time: September 30, gather in the crops after corn ear complete ripeness;

(2) gather in the crops quality: rod under snag, lower rod fortune is clean, added in time; Desiccated velocity reaches 18% threshing, timely airing after threshing.

Embodiment 2:

A kind of nuisanceless high-yield plating method of crop, mainly comprises the following steps:

Step one: plot is selected; Selection topsoil is deep, and fertility is higher, preserve moisture and fertility and excessively drained field; Soil is Cultivating fertility, crop rotation more than 3 years, black earth thickness 20 centimetres; Described crop rotation 3 years is wheat, corn, soybean crop rotation;

Step 2: seed and process

(1) choose seeds: the seed selecting more than 2 grades, the seed of described more than 2 grades is: purity 96%, cleanliness 99%, germination rate 92%, the seed of water content 8%;

(2) bask seeds: 13 days prior to seeding, by seed airing 2 days;

(3) bud is tried: sow first 9 days, carry out 1 Seed germination;

Step 3: select stubble, whole

(1) stubble is selected: front stubble should select arrish;

(2) wholely: first plough, tilling depth is 20 centimetres, accomplishes without balking; Then rotary tillage, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 15 centimetres; Then carry out clapping broken leveling, employing 48 rake of raking the soil level, harrows one time, and 3.4 rake the soil level 2 times, and adopt diagonal rake method, accomplish not weigh, do not leak, quality of raking the soil level is: harrow dark 12 centimetres, 3 centimetres of lumps of earth 2 in 1 square metre, level 1 centimetre in sown scope;

(3) making ridge: row spacing 66cm, ridge height 30cm, sits the native 3cm of plough, and directly, hundred meters of flexibility 3cm, suppress in time for ridge point, ridge;

Step 4, sowing

When ground temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, sowing time was Optimal sowing date May 2; Accomplish that the depth is consistent, earthing is even, and after suppression, seed level reaches 3cm; Precision point sowing on ridge, the every mu of amount of broadcasting 1.5kg; Mu is kept a full stand of seedings 4500 strains; Accomplish with broadcasting with pressure, suppression accomplished not leak, heavy, do not drag heap;

Step 5: fertilising

In tangerine bar also field, on the basis of culture fertility, based on application of organic fertilizers, biological organic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure, a small amount of chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; After upper harvest wheat results, crop tangerine bar all should go back field, every mu of 350kg; Every mu of applications of farmyard manure 900kg when whole ground, once applies in conjunction with turning over to rake the soil level; Every mu of application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 5kg at seeding time, urea 3kg, biological potassium fertilizer 3kg, seed manure branch mailbox, must guard against that seed manure is mixed to be executed; The typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 3kg; Before corn jointing namely after planting 28 days and typhon mouth phase namely after planting 49 days at every turn every mu use urea 0.3kg, by potassium dihydrogen phosphate 90g, be dissolved in 33kg water and spray, spray twice altogether;

Step 6: field management

(1) subsoiling before shovel, plows weed eradication, looks into field, artificial weeding of filling the gaps with seedlings, and as being short of seedling after emerging, utilizes preliminary seedling to mend cultivation in time, timely artificial weeding;

(2) intertill, intertill in time after seedling, 5 leaf phase front bar chi subsoiling 25cm, be with the shallow ridging of little ploughshare, 10 days, interval, then subsoiling once; 9 leaf phases were with large earthing blade banking up; Accomplish to intertill 3 times between pollution-free food maize growth;

(3) artificial weeding, seedling stage carries out manpower weeding 1 time according to careless feelings;

(4) chemical weed control, weeding before seedling, implements the weeding of binary formula according to soil organic matter content situation, the rational use of medicines, reduce crop pollution and soil pollution, according to actual conditions, applicable following formula: 50% Le Fengbao missible oil 200ml+80% Flumetsulam moisture content shot agent 75ml/HA;

(5) pest control

Mythimna separata: late June, average 100 strain corns had 150 mythimna separatas as found, available 2.5% cream of decamethrin 380ml/HA is watered 310kg spraying control;

Maize borer: corn horn mouth latter stage, every mu of available 2.5% time missible oil 12ml, is watered 22kg spraying control;

(6) final-period management, put autumn ridge and to put on airs grass 1 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root, snag strips off the skin airing;

Step 7: harvesting

(1) harvest time: October 3, gather in the crops after corn ear complete ripeness;

(2) gather in the crops quality: rod under snag, lower rod fortune is clean, added in time; Desiccated velocity 17% threshing, timely airing after threshing.

Be described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment:

Embodiment 1:

It is prosperous that ground rich and influential family Geng Ke is planted in Geng Ping village, Fu Shan town, Ningyang County, Tai'an, and 120 mu, contract cultivate land, plot, soil is better.

During corn plantings in 2013, traditionally plant, deep plough at 10-15 centimetre then, do not carry out Seed germination before sowing, seed manure mixed seeding, the method for afterwards preventing and treating is taked in field management, there is damage by disease and insect just to prevent and treat, manpower weeding, average yield per mu then 680 kilograms.

Maize planting in 2014, seven step method of employing scheme one manage, select 2 grades of seed No. 248, agricultures in east, early stage carries out airing and Seed germination, and soil deep ploughs 25 centimetres, rotary tillage 18 centimetres, April 30 was sowed, and during sowing, seed manure branch mailbox is sowed, and application of organic fertilizers, the typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 3kg; Before corn jointing namely after planting 28 days and typhon mouth phase namely after planting about 50 days at every turn every mu use urea 0.5kg, biogen is dissolved in 30kg water and sprays, spray twice altogether; The extermination of disease and insect pest carries out scientific management by the requirement of scheme one simultaneously, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest, September 30, gathers in the crops after corn ear complete ripeness, average yield per mu then 903.2 kilograms by node.32.8% is increased production than last year

Embodiment 2:

Heshan township, Ningyang County, Tai'an Shen Ping village Yang Li is outstanding, and 135 mu, contract cultivate land, soil is better.

Traditionally maize planting in 2013, does not deep plough, does not carry out basking seeds and Seed germination, fertilizer from means of agricultural production shop stochastic buying, based on manpower weeding and medication, average yield per mu then 680 kilograms.

The method of employing scheme two in 2014 carries out Cultivate administration, kind be single No. 13 of 2 grades of seeds dragon, airing, Seed germination is carried out by the requirement of scheme two before sowing, the mixed seeding of seed manure branch mailbox, in tangerine bar also field, on the basis of culture fertility, survey native formula fertilizer to use Tai'an tobacco grower, a small amount of chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; After harvesting wheat, crop tangerine bar all goes back field, every mu of 350kg; Every mu of applications of farmyard manure 900kg when whole ground, once applies in conjunction with turning over to rake the soil level; The typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 3kg; Before corn jointing namely after planting 28 days and typhon mouth phase namely after planting 49 days at every turn every mu use urea 0.3kg, by potassium dihydrogen phosphate 90g, be dissolved in 33kg water and spray, spray twice altogether;

Field management carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest of science by the requirement of scheme two, hoes up weeds based on chemistry, October No. 3-5 results, average yield per mu 899.7 kilograms, amount of increase in production 32.3%.

Above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, and on basis of the present invention, those skilled in the art are than being easier to make some amendments in the spirit and scope not departing from technical solution of the present invention or equivalently replacing.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a nuisanceless high-yield plating method of crop, is characterized in that: mainly comprise the following steps:

Step one: plot is selected; Selection topsoil is deep, and fertility is higher, preserve moisture and fertility and excessively drained field; Soil is Cultivating fertility, crop rotation more than 3 years, black earth thickness 15-20 centimetre; Described crop rotation 3 years is wheat, corn, soybean crop rotation;

Step 2: seed and process

(1) choose seeds: the seed selecting more than 2 grades, the seed of described more than 2 grades is: purity >=95%, cleanliness >=98%, germination rate >=90%, and water content is less than or equal to the seed of 13%;

(2) bask seeds: 13-16 days prior to seeding, by seed airing 2-3 days;

(3) try bud: 9-10 days before sowing, carry out 1-2 Seed germination;

Step 3: select stubble, whole

(1) stubble is selected: front stubble should select soybean or arrish;

(2) wholely: first plough, tilling depth is 20-23 centimetre, accomplishes without balking; Then rotary tillage, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 15-20 centimetre; Then carry out clapping broken leveling, to rake the soil level employing 48 rake, harrow one time, 3.4 rake the soil level 1-2 time, adopt diagonal rake method, accomplish not weigh, do not leak, quality of raking the soil level is: harrow dark 12-15 centimetre, in 1 square metre≤5 centimetres of lump of earth < 3, level error < 3 centimetres in sown scope;

(3) making ridge: row spacing 66--70cm, ridge height 30cm, sits the native 3--4cm of plough, and directly, hundred meters of flexibility < 5cm, suppress in time for ridge point, ridge;

Step 4, sowing

When ground temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, sowing time was April 25---and May 5 was Optimal sowing date; Accomplish that the depth is consistent, earthing is even, and after suppression, seed level reaches 3---4cm; Precision point sowing on ridge, the every mu of amount of broadcasting 1.5--2kg; Mu is kept a full stand of seedings 4000--4600 strain; Accomplish with broadcasting with pressure, suppression accomplished not leak, heavy, do not drag heap;

Step 5: fertilising

In tangerine bar also field, on the basis of culture fertility, based on application of organic fertilizers, biological organic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure, a small amount of chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; After upper harvest wheat results, crop tangerine bar all should go back field, every mu of 300-350kg; Every mu of applications of farmyard manure 800-1000kg when whole ground, once applies in conjunction with turning over to rake the soil level; Every mu of application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 4-7kg at seeding time, urea 2-5kg, biological potassium fertilizer 1-3kg, seed manure branch mailbox, must guard against that seed manure is mixed to be executed; The typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 1-4kg; Before corn jointing namely after planting 25-30 days and typhon mouth phase namely after planting about 47-53 days at every turn every mu use urea 0.1-0.6kg, by potassium dihydrogen phosphate 80-110g, be dissolved in 25-35kg water and spray, spray twice altogether;

Step 6: field management

(1) subsoiling before shovel, plows weed eradication, looks into field, artificial weeding of filling the gaps with seedlings, and as being short of seedling after emerging, utilizes preliminary seedling to mend cultivation in time, timely artificial weeding;

(2) intertill, intertill in time after seedling, 4--5 leaf phase front bar chi subsoiling 20--25cm, be with the shallow ridging of little ploughshare, interval 10-13 days, then subsoiling once; The 8--10 leaf phase is with large earthing blade banking up; Accomplish to intertill 3 times between pollution-free food maize growth;

(3) artificial weeding, seedling stage carries out manpower weeding 1--2 time according to careless feelings;

(4) chemical weed control, weeding before seedling, implement the weeding of binary formula according to soil organic matter content situation, the rational use of medicines, reduces crop pollution and soil pollution, according to actual conditions, applicable following formula:

Formula one: 96% gold medal all ear missible oil 1050ml/HA;

Formula two: 50% Le Fengbao missible oil 200ml+80% Flumetsulam moisture content shot agent 75ml/HA;

Formula three: 75% is precious receives dry suspending agent 15--25ml/HA;

(5) pest control

Mythimna separata: late June, average 100 strain corns had 130-160 head mythimna separata as found, available 2.5% cream of decamethrin 350-430ml/HA is watered 280-330kg spraying control;

Maize borer: corn horn mouth latter stage, every mu of available 2.5% time missible oil 8-12ml, is watered 18-22kg spraying control;

(6) final-period management, puts autumn ridge and puts on airs careless 1--2 time, accomplishes not cut strain, do not hinder root, and snag strips off the skin airing;

Step 7: harvesting

(1) harvest time: at the beginning of 9 the end of month to 10 month, gather in the crops after corn ear complete ripeness;

(2) gather in the crops quality: rod under snag, lower rod fortune is clean, added in time; Desiccated velocity reaches less than 20% threshing, timely airing after threshing.

2. the nuisanceless high-yield plating method of crop of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 2 grades of described seeds, is No. 248, eastern agriculture or dragon single No. 13 or Suiyu 7 or two rich No. 2 kinds.