CN105248115A - High-yield planting method of corns - Google Patents
High-yield planting method of corns Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248115A CN105248115A CN201510751965.9A CN201510751965A CN105248115A CN 105248115 A CN105248115 A CN 105248115A CN 201510751965 A CN201510751965 A CN 201510751965A CN 105248115 A CN105248115 A CN 105248115A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield planting method of corns. The method comprises the following steps: I, preparing a soil regulating agent; II, preparing a special insecticide; III, selecting stubbles, and preparing the land; IV, selecting seeds and treating the seeds; V, seeding; VI, fertilizing; VII, irrigating; VIII, cultivating and managing; IX, harvesting. By adopting the high-yield planting method of the corns, the problems of controlling the plant diseases and insect pests mainly existing in the corn planting process can be solved, the quality and yield of the corns can be improved, and the method is suitable for being popularized in a large-sized vegetable planting garden.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly a kind of high-yield planting method of corn.
Background technology
Corn, original name: maize, another name: ear of maize, maize, maize, maize, maize, luxuriant reed, large sorgo, English name: corn, Latin literary fame: the annual tall and big draft of ZeamaysL. grass family, Zea.Stalk is upright, usually not branch, and base portion respectively saves the raw prop root of tool gas.Leaf sheath tool transverse vein; Tip of a leaf film quality, is about 0.2 meter; Blade is flat roomy, wire lanceolar, and basal circular is ear, and without hair or tool defect pubescence, middle arteries and veins is sturdy, and edge is micro-is coarsely about 1 ~ 1.5 meter.Spherical or the oblate spheroid of caryopsis, exposes outside lepicena and bran sheet after maturation, its size produces difference with growth conditions difference, and all there is cultivation China various places.The torrid zone, the whole world and Temperate Region in China are extensively planted, and are an important cereal.Taste is fragrant and sweet, can do various dish, as corn irons.
Corn happiness high temperature, the optimum temperature of seed sprouting is 25 ~ 30 DEG C.Average daily more than 18 DEG C of shooting stage.From earing to blooming average daily 26 ~ 27 DEG C.Corn all can grow on sandy loam, loam, clay.The soil pH that corn is suitable for is 5 ~ 8, the suitableeest with PH6.5 ~ 7.0.Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability, particularly chlorion is caused harm greatly to corn.Corn is the main dry crop in the northern area of China; relative to northern area; there is obvious advantage southern area in planting environment such as the condition such as temperature, moisture of corn; but all the time; no matter the plantation of southern corn is all not so good as the north in output or qualitatively; reason is that southern climates is damp and hot; be beneficial to the growth of Corn diseases and insect pests; simultaneously rainy environment cause soil " cross water '; be unfavorable for the growth of corn on the contrary; this always to be in south loose kind of the plantation Dou Shi peasant household of corn, does not have the major reason of large-scale planting.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of high-yield planting method of corn, and solve the problem of the main extermination of disease and insect pest existed in corn planting process, improve the Quality and yield of corn output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
For achieving the above object, the high-yield planting method of a kind of corn that the present invention proposes, it comprises the steps:
One, prepare soil conditioner: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 23-28, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 32-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, second Ah suspension emulsion 8-12, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.5-1.2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100,
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, in every kilogram of A, add phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200 grams again, mix to obtain the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, stubble, whole is selected:
1, stubble is selected
Realize crop rotation in more than 3 years, select the main crop, fertile stubble, soft stubble.Usual prioritizing selection soybean stubble, watermelon stubble or potato stubble, do not select beet, sunflower, Chinese cabbage etc. to consume larger crop and do front stubble.
2, wholely
Adopt based on subsoiling, pine, turn over, revolve the soil cultivation system combined, within 3 years, plough deeply once.Turn over dark 20-23 centimetre, accomplish without balking, Wu Lifa, without clod; If can not autumn ridging, slurry should be pushed up when soil in early spring thaws 10-15 centimetre and beat ridge and also suppress immediately, be strictly on guard against the evaporation of water in soil.First stubble-ploughing, deep-loosening Long Taihuoxian Songyuan City furrow, newer ridge is synthesized on broken former ridge, then suppresses in time, is strictly on guard against the evaporation of water in soil.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: seed should reach purity and be not less than 96%, cleanliness is not less than 99%, and germination rate is not less than 90%, and water content is not higher than 16%, sow first 15 days and carry out germination test, select sunny gentle breeze weather after pass the test, seed is spread out on dry ground on the sunny side or seat, shines 2-3 days continuously, often stir seed, shine even, shine evening daytime and receive, prevent from making moist.Seed is placed in first insecticide of the 22-26% of 25-28 DEG C and soaks 1-3 hour, be placed on by seed in 30-35 DEG C of water, large seed soaks 8-10 hour again, and small-sized seed soaks 6-8 hour, then be put into moistening vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of room temperature condition, prevent powder kind.Usually stirred once every 2-3 hour, within 48 hours, can sprout, after long 0.5 centimetre of the tip of a root, In Shade refining bud is waited to broadcast.
Five, sow:
1, the sowing time
When the ground temperature of topsoil 5-10 centimetre is stable by sowing date for early sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil when 7 DEG C-8 DEG C.One snow change was sowed in 20-25 day in April, and two long-pending wet bands are in sowing on 25-May 1 April, and three snow change were sowed-5 days on the 1st May,
2, type of seeding
Adopt mechanical precision drilling, sowing accomplishes that the depth is consistent, and earthing is even, and with broadcasting with suppression, after suppression, seed level reaches 3-4cm.
When soil moisture content lower than 20% plot preferably adopt artificial germination to sit water hole kind.
3, planting density
Thickness of sowing should be determined according to factors such as different planting, different cultivars, varying level, soil fertilities.
(1), under regular situation, resistance to close kind per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 5.5-6.5 ten thousand strain;
(2) thin planting kind, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 4.0-5.0 ten thousand strain.
(3) the penetrating cultivation of dense planting, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 6.5-7.5 ten thousand strain.
Six, apply fertilizer: corn base fertilizer per hectare executes high-quality fertilizer 30-45 ton, mixing uses soil conditioner 800-1200 kilogram, soil insecticide 200-400 kilogram, per hectare urea 350-400 kilogram, two ammonium 150-180 kilogram, potassium chloride 100-150 kilogram.Meta-alkalescence soil per hectare enriches 15 kilograms, zinc sulphate.The whole mechanical deep fertilizing of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer makees base fertilizer, and remaining nitrogenous fertilizer, at corn 7-9 sheet leaf, digs hole or deep placement of ditching in side, ridge between strain, and timely earthing.
Seven, irrigate: do a good job of it three critical periods, lack of water is poured water supplementary.
1, jointing-booting stage
About June 20, pour water must fill with, fill with foot, irrigation quantity 1300-1400m
3/ hm
2, saline land should suitably be increased.
2, male blooming stage is taken out
On about July about 25 was corn critical period of water need, should pour water 1-2 time according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings and soil rich water situation.
3, corn grouting is to ripe
In about 8 months, the last ten-days period, should pour water 1-2 time.Later stage pours water each irrigation quantity 1000-1200m
3/ hm
2, unsuitable excessive, avoid root system early ageing.
Eight, cultivation management:
1, look into field and mend cultivation: before emerging, check germination in time, sit water in time as being short of seedling after emerging and mend cultivation, final singling during 3-4 sheet leaf.Plow a plough before carrying out shoveling front subsoiling or shovel after emerging, accomplish three shovels three times.
2, weeding:
1) broadcast weeding before rear seedling, in the good plot of soil moisture content, can highy potent herbicide be selected, to water 400-600kg soil spraying process: for grassy weed plot, per hectare 90% Acetochlor 1400-1900ml or 72% propisochlor 2250-3750ml; For broad leaved weed plot, 50% first grass piperazine (70% match gram wetting powder) per hectare 900-1050g or 75% precious receipts dry suspending agent per hectare 15-25g; Dried rhizome of rehmannia block is mixed for weeds, 72% all your per hectare 1500-2000ml add 50% first grass piperazine per hectare 400-500g or 50% peace prestige missible oil (Acetochlor adds piperazine humulone).
2) postemergence weed control, in the corn 3-5 leaf phase, weeds 2-4 leaf phase cauline leaf is sprayed, the per hectare happy suspending agent 1000-1500ml of 4% beautiful agriculture, or the happy 750-1200ml of 4% beautiful agriculture adds 40% atrazine colloidal suspending agent 1200ml, sprays to water 450-750kg cauline leaf.
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1) seedling stage, first insecticide of 12-16%, 73% propargite missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 0.2%-0.3% solution of zinc sulfate is used alternately to carry out spraying control to maize leaf, every mu of consumption is respectively 50-60 kilogram, 35-45 kilogram, 25-30 kilogram, the time interval is 3-5 days, and the first insecticide as 12-16% is used and within latter 3 days, used 73% propargite missible oil, 1500 times of liquid;
2) lobus cardiacus latter stage and the fringe phase, second insecticide of 22-30% first insecticide, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 30-50% alternately carries out spraying control to milpa, every mu of consumption is respectively 80-100 kilogram, 65-75 kilogram, 25-30 kilogram, 80-100 kilogram, the time interval is 7-9 days;
3) grouting parameter: mainly through selecting the kind of strong stress resistance, ensures Nutrient area per plant, enhances field management, improves the agricultural cultivation measures such as the ventilation and penetrating light condition of maize population and prevent and treat.
4, corn artificial emasculation and supplementary pollination:
1) test prove emasculation can increase production about 10%, artificial emasculation should note following 4 points: the first, emasculation will tassel just exposed top not yet loose powder time, fall with hand withdrawing.If emasculation is too early, easily pull out leaf impact growth, excessively late, tassel has been bloomed loose powder, loses emasculation meaning; The second, no matter emasculation or cut hero, all will prevent damaged blade, the tassel removed will take to outside field, in case the corn borer be hidden in tassel continues harm fruit ear and cane; Three, emasculation will be grasped flexibly according to the appearance of weather and plant.If weather is normal, plant strain growth is neat, and emasculation can take interlacing emasculation or the method every strain emasculation, and emasculation strain number is generally no more than 1/2nd of full field strain number and is advisable, and several row by rand, the edge of a field do not want emasculation, in order to avoid impact pollination.After pollination terminates, tassel all can be cut.Shine to increase Population Light and alleviate damage by disease and insect.If encounter high temperature and drought or weather cloudy and drizzly for days on end, or when plant strain growth is irregular, should emasculation or not emasculation be lacked, only after loose powder terminates, wipe out the whole tassel in land for growing field crops in time; Four, emasculation will note little strain, goes weak strain, to make these little weak strains can weave silk ahead of time pollination.
2) supplementary pollination can reduce bald and scarce grain phenomenon, makes full seed, generally can increase production about 10%, corn male flower is open main at 8-11 point in the morning, now pollen just opening, and viability is strong, in addition the morning, temperature was lower, and field humidity is comparatively large, insemination of the most easily pollinating, if do not have wind, pollen not easily falls, and raises to afternoon temperature, field humidity also declines, and pollen viability reduces, even dead, even if fall again, also without pollination ability.Therefore, if calm at full-bloom stage, artificial supplementary pollination will be carried out.Pollination can adopt artificial stay cord method, namely uses two bamboo bars, fixes rope in one end of bamboo bar, at 9-11 o'clock in the morning, and, by two people Ge Na mono-bamboo bars, advance every the capable direct motion of 6-8, rope be pulled through gently on tassel top, allow pollen dispersed fall.Pollination work in pollen a large amount of operating period, generally will be carried out 2-3 time.For the late plant that partly weaves silk, if field pollen clears, cannot pollinate, then the pollen that should gather other field corn is pollinated again.
Nine, gather: gather and should note overcoming bract and to turn to be yellow the old habit namely gathered in the crops, postpone harvest time as far as possible, after the disappearance of maize kernel milk-line and bract jaundice, within 7-10 days, start results, reduce thousand kernel weight and decline, impel corn yield increasing.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of corn proposed by the invention, solve the problem of the main extermination of disease and insect pest existed in corn planting process, improve the Quality and yield of corn output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Embodiment
A high-yield planting method for corn, it comprises the steps:
One, prepare soil conditioner: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 23-28, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 32-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, second Ah suspension emulsion 8-12, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.5-1.2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100,
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, in every kilogram of A, add phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200 grams again, mix to obtain the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, stubble, whole is selected:
1, stubble is selected
Realize crop rotation in more than 3 years, select the main crop, fertile stubble, soft stubble.Usual prioritizing selection soybean stubble, watermelon stubble or potato stubble, do not select beet, sunflower, Chinese cabbage etc. to consume larger crop and do front stubble.
2, wholely
Adopt based on subsoiling, pine, turn over, revolve the soil cultivation system combined, within 3 years, plough deeply once.Turn over dark 20-23 centimetre, accomplish without balking, Wu Lifa, without clod; If can not autumn ridging, slurry should be pushed up when soil in early spring thaws 10-15 centimetre and beat ridge and also suppress immediately, be strictly on guard against the evaporation of water in soil.First stubble-ploughing, deep-loosening Long Taihuoxian Songyuan City furrow, newer ridge is synthesized on broken former ridge, then suppresses in time, is strictly on guard against the evaporation of water in soil.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: seed should reach purity and be not less than 96%, cleanliness is not less than 99%, and germination rate is not less than 90%, and water content is not higher than 16%, sow first 15 days and carry out germination test, select sunny gentle breeze weather after pass the test, seed is spread out on dry ground on the sunny side or seat, shines 2-3 days continuously, often stir seed, shine even, shine evening daytime and receive, prevent from making moist.Seed is placed in first insecticide of the 22-26% of 25-28 DEG C and soaks 1-3 hour, be placed on by seed in 30-35 DEG C of water, large seed soaks 8-10 hour again, and small-sized seed soaks 6-8 hour, then be put into moistening vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of room temperature condition, prevent powder kind.Usually stirred once every 2-3 hour, within 48 hours, can sprout, after long 0.5 centimetre of the tip of a root, In Shade refining bud is waited to broadcast.
Five, sow:
1, the sowing time
When the ground temperature of topsoil 5-10 centimetre is stable by sowing date for early sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil when 7 DEG C-8 DEG C.One snow change was sowed in 20-25 day in April, and two long-pending wet bands are in sowing on 25-May 1 April, and three snow change were sowed-5 days on the 1st May,
4, type of seeding
Adopt mechanical precision drilling, sowing accomplishes that the depth is consistent, and earthing is even, and with broadcasting with suppression, after suppression, seed level reaches 3-4cm.
When soil moisture content lower than 20% plot preferably adopt artificial germination to sit water hole kind.
5, planting density
Thickness of sowing should be determined according to factors such as different planting, different cultivars, varying level, soil fertilities.
(4), under regular situation, resistance to close kind per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 5.5-6.5 ten thousand strain;
(5) thin planting kind, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 4.0-5.0 ten thousand strain.
(6) the penetrating cultivation of dense planting, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 6.5-7.5 ten thousand strain.
Six, apply fertilizer: corn base fertilizer per hectare executes high-quality fertilizer 30-45 ton, mixing uses soil conditioner 800-1200 kilogram, soil insecticide 200-400 kilogram, per hectare urea 350-400 kilogram, two ammonium 150-180 kilogram, potassium chloride 100-150 kilogram.Meta-alkalescence soil per hectare enriches 15 kilograms, zinc sulphate.The whole mechanical deep fertilizing of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer makees base fertilizer, and remaining nitrogenous fertilizer, at corn 7-9 sheet leaf, digs hole or deep placement of ditching in side, ridge between strain, and timely earthing.
Seven, irrigate: do a good job of it three critical periods, lack of water is poured water supplementary.
1, jointing-booting stage
About June 20, pour water must fill with, fill with foot, irrigation quantity 1300-1400m
3/ hm
2, saline land should suitably be increased.
2, male blooming stage is taken out
On about July about 25 was corn critical period of water need, should pour water 1-2 time according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings and soil rich water situation.
3, corn grouting is to ripe
In about 8 months, the last ten-days period, should pour water 1-2 time.Later stage pours water each irrigation quantity 1000-1200m
3/ hm
2, unsuitable excessive, avoid root system early ageing.
Eight, cultivation management:
1, look into field and mend cultivation: before emerging, check germination in time, sit water in time as being short of seedling after emerging and mend cultivation, final singling during 3-4 sheet leaf.Plow a plough before carrying out shoveling front subsoiling or shovel after emerging, accomplish three shovels three times.
2, weeding:
1) broadcast weeding before rear seedling, in the good plot of soil moisture content, can highy potent herbicide be selected, to water 400-600kg soil spraying process: for grassy weed plot, per hectare 90% Acetochlor 1400-1900ml or 72% propisochlor 2250-3750ml; For broad leaved weed plot, 50% first grass piperazine (70% match gram wetting powder) per hectare 900-1050g or 75% precious receipts dry suspending agent per hectare 15-25g; Dried rhizome of rehmannia block is mixed for weeds, 72% all your per hectare 1500-2000ml add 50% first grass piperazine per hectare 400-500g or 50% peace prestige missible oil (Acetochlor adds piperazine humulone).
2) postemergence weed control, in the corn 3-5 leaf phase, weeds 2-4 leaf phase cauline leaf is sprayed, the per hectare happy suspending agent 1000-1500ml of 4% beautiful agriculture, or the happy 750-1200ml of 4% beautiful agriculture adds 40% atrazine colloidal suspending agent 1200ml, sprays to water 450-750kg cauline leaf.
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1) seedling stage, first insecticide of 12-16%, 73% propargite missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 0.2%-0.3% solution of zinc sulfate is used alternately to carry out spraying control to maize leaf, every mu of consumption is respectively 50-60 kilogram, 35-45 kilogram, 25-30 kilogram, the time interval is 3-5 days, and the first insecticide as 12-16% is used and within latter 3 days, used 73% propargite missible oil, 1500 times of liquid;
2) lobus cardiacus latter stage and the fringe phase, second insecticide of 22-30% first insecticide, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 30-50% alternately carries out spraying control to milpa, every mu of consumption is respectively 80-100 kilogram, 65-75 kilogram, 25-30 kilogram, 80-100 kilogram, the time interval is 7-9 days;
3) grouting parameter: mainly through selecting the kind of strong stress resistance, ensures Nutrient area per plant, enhances field management, improves the agricultural cultivation measures such as the ventilation and penetrating light condition of maize population and prevent and treat.
4, corn artificial emasculation and supplementary pollination:
1) test prove emasculation can increase production about 10%, artificial emasculation should note following 4 points: the first, emasculation will tassel just exposed top not yet loose powder time, fall with hand withdrawing.If emasculation is too early, easily pull out leaf impact growth, excessively late, tassel has been bloomed loose powder, loses emasculation meaning; The second, no matter emasculation or cut hero, all will prevent damaged blade, the tassel removed will take to outside field, in case the corn borer be hidden in tassel continues harm fruit ear and cane; Three, emasculation will be grasped flexibly according to the appearance of weather and plant.If weather is normal, plant strain growth is neat, and emasculation can take interlacing emasculation or the method every strain emasculation, and emasculation strain number is generally no more than 1/2nd of full field strain number and is advisable, and several row by rand, the edge of a field do not want emasculation, in order to avoid impact pollination.After pollination terminates, tassel all can be cut.Shine to increase Population Light and alleviate damage by disease and insect.If encounter high temperature and drought or weather cloudy and drizzly for days on end, or when plant strain growth is irregular, should emasculation or not emasculation be lacked, only after loose powder terminates, wipe out the whole tassel in land for growing field crops in time; Four, emasculation will note little strain, goes weak strain, to make these little weak strains can weave silk ahead of time pollination.
2) supplementary pollination can reduce bald and scarce grain phenomenon, makes full seed, generally can increase production about 10%, corn male flower is open main at 8-11 point in the morning, now pollen just opening, and viability is strong, in addition the morning, temperature was lower, and field humidity is comparatively large, insemination of the most easily pollinating, if do not have wind, pollen not easily falls, and raises to afternoon temperature, field humidity also declines, and pollen viability reduces, even dead, even if fall again, also without pollination ability.Therefore, if calm at full-bloom stage, artificial supplementary pollination will be carried out.Pollination can adopt artificial stay cord method, namely uses two bamboo bars, fixes rope in one end of bamboo bar, at 9-11 o'clock in the morning, and, by two people Ge Na mono-bamboo bars, advance every the capable direct motion of 6-8, rope be pulled through gently on tassel top, allow pollen dispersed fall.Pollination work in pollen a large amount of operating period, generally will be carried out 2-3 time.For the late plant that partly weaves silk, if field pollen clears, cannot pollinate, then the pollen that should gather other field corn is pollinated again.
Nine, gather: gather and should note overcoming bract and to turn to be yellow the old habit namely gathered in the crops, postpone harvest time as far as possible, after the disappearance of maize kernel milk-line and bract jaundice, within 7-10 days, start results, reduce thousand kernel weight and decline, impel corn yield increasing.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of corn proposed by the invention, solve the problem of the main extermination of disease and insect pest existed in corn planting process, improve the Quality and yield of corn output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Claims (3)
1. a high-yield planting method for corn, it comprises the steps:
One, prepare soil conditioner: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 23-28, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 32-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, second Ah suspension emulsion 8-12, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.5-1.2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100,
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, in every kilogram of A, add phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200 grams again, mix to obtain the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, stubble, whole is selected:
1, stubble is selected
Realize crop rotation in more than 3 years, select the main crop, fertile stubble, soft stubble, usual prioritizing selection soybean stubble, watermelon stubble or potato stubble, do not select beet, sunflower, Chinese cabbage etc. to consume larger crop and do front stubble;
2, wholely
Adopt based on subsoiling, pine, turn over, revolve the soil cultivation system combined, within 3 years, plough deeply once, turn over dark 20-23 centimetre, accomplish without balking, Wu Lifa, without clod; If can not autumn ridging, slurry should be pushed up when soil in early spring thaws 10-15 centimetre and beat ridge and suppress immediately, be strictly on guard against the evaporation of water in soil, first stubble-ploughing, deep-loosening Long Taihuoxian Songyuan City furrow, then break former ridge and synthesize new ridge, then suppress in time, be strictly on guard against the evaporation of water in soil;
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: seed should reach purity and be not less than 96%, cleanliness is not less than 99%, germination rate is not less than 90%, water content is not higher than 16%, sow first 15 days and carry out germination test, sunny gentle breeze weather is selected after pass the test, seed is spread out on dry ground on the sunny side or seat, continuous solarization 2-3 days, often stir seed, shine even, shine evening daytime to receive, prevent from making moist, seed is placed in first insecticide of the 22-26% of 25-28 DEG C and soaks 1-3 hour, again seed is placed in 30-35 DEG C of water, large seed soaks 8-10 hour, small-sized seed soaks 6-8 hour, then moistening vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of room temperature condition is put into, prevent powder kind, usually stirred once every 2-3 hour, within 48 hours, can sprout, after long 0.5 centimetre of the tip of a root, In Shade refining bud is waited to broadcast,
Five, sow:
1, the sowing time
When the ground temperature of topsoil 5-10 centimetre is stable, by sowing date for early sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil when 7 DEG C-8 DEG C, one snow change was sowed in 20-25 day in April, and two long-pending wet bands are in sowing on 25-May 1 April, and three snow change were sowed-5 days on the 1st May;
2, type of seeding
Adopt mechanical precision drilling, sowing accomplishes that the depth is consistent, and earthing is even, and with broadcasting with suppression, after suppression, seed level reaches 3-4cm;
When soil moisture content lower than 20% plot preferably adopt artificial germination to sit water hole kind;
3, planting density
Thickness of sowing should be determined according to factors such as different planting, different cultivars, varying level, soil fertilities;
(1), under regular situation, resistance to close kind per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 5.5-6.5 ten thousand strain;
(2) thin planting kind, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 4.0-5.0 ten thousand strain;
(3) the penetrating cultivation of dense planting, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 6.5-7.5 ten thousand strain;
Six, apply fertilizer: corn base fertilizer per hectare executes high-quality fertilizer 30-45 ton, soil conditioner 800-1200 kilogram, soil insecticide 200-400 kilogram are used in mixing, per hectare urea 350-400 kilogram, two ammonium 150-180 kilogram, potassium chloride 100-150 kilogram, meta-alkalescence soil per hectare enriches 15 kilograms, zinc sulphate, the whole mechanical deep fertilizing of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer makees base fertilizer, remaining nitrogenous fertilizer, at corn 7-9 sheet leaf, digs hole or deep placement of ditching in side, ridge between strain, and timely earthing;
Seven, irrigate: do a good job of it three critical periods, lack of water is poured water supplementary;
1, jointing-booting stage
About June 20, pour water must fill with, fill with foot, irrigation quantity 1300-1400m
3/ hm
2, saline land should suitably be increased;
2, male blooming stage is taken out
On about July about 25 was corn critical period of water need, should pour water 1-2 time according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings and soil rich water situation;
3, corn grouting is to ripe
In about 8 months, the last ten-days period, should pour water 1-2 time, the later stage pours water each irrigation quantity 1000-1200m
3/ hm
2, unsuitable excessive, avoid root system early ageing;
Eight, cultivation management:
1, look into field and mend cultivation: before emerging, check germination in time, as seat water in time of being short of seedling mends cultivation, final singling during 3-4 sheet leaf after emerging, plow a plough before carrying out shoveling front subsoiling or shovel after emerging, accomplish three shovels three times;
2, weeding:
1) broadcast weeding before rear seedling, in the good plot of soil moisture content, can highy potent herbicide be selected, to water 400-600kg soil spraying process: for grassy weed plot, per hectare 90% Acetochlor 1400-1900ml or 72% propisochlor 2250-3750ml; For broad leaved weed plot, 50% first grass piperazine (70% match gram wetting powder) per hectare 900-1050g or 75% precious receipts dry suspending agent per hectare 15-25g; Dried rhizome of rehmannia block is mixed for weeds, 72% all your per hectare 1500-2000ml add 50% first grass piperazine per hectare 400-500g or 50% peace prestige missible oil (Acetochlor adds piperazine humulone);
2) postemergence weed control, in the corn 3-5 leaf phase, weeds 2-4 leaf phase cauline leaf is sprayed, the per hectare happy suspending agent 1000-1500ml of 4% beautiful agriculture, or the happy 750-1200ml of 4% beautiful agriculture adds 40% atrazine colloidal suspending agent 1200ml, sprays to water 450-750kg cauline leaf;
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1) seedling stage, first insecticide of 12-16%, 73% propargite missible oil, 1500 times of liquid, 0.2%-0.3% solution of zinc sulfate is used alternately to carry out spraying control to maize leaf, every mu of consumption is respectively 50-60 kilogram, 35-45 kilogram, 25-30 kilogram, the time interval is 3-5 days, and the first insecticide as 12-16% is used and within latter 3 days, used 73% propargite missible oil, 1500 times of liquid;
2) lobus cardiacus latter stage and the fringe phase, second insecticide of 22-30% first insecticide, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 30-50% alternately carries out spraying control to milpa, every mu of consumption is respectively 80-100 kilogram, 65-75 kilogram, 25-30 kilogram, 80-100 kilogram, the time interval is 7-9 days;
3) grouting parameter: mainly through selecting the kind of strong stress resistance, ensures Nutrient area per plant, enhances field management, improves the agricultural cultivation measures such as the ventilation and penetrating light condition of maize population and prevent and treat;
Nine, gather: gather and should note overcoming bract and to turn to be yellow the old habit namely gathered in the crops, postpone harvest time as far as possible, after the disappearance of maize kernel milk-line and bract jaundice, within 7-10 days, start results, reduce thousand kernel weight and decline, impel corn yield increasing.
2. the high-yield planting method of a kind of corn according to claim 1, is characterized in that described cultivation management also comprises artificial emasculation, and artificial emasculation should note following 4 points: the first, emasculation will tassel just exposed top not yet loose powder time, fall with hand withdrawing, the second, no matter emasculation or cut hero, all will prevent damaged blade, the tassel removed will take to outside field, 3rd, emasculation will be grasped flexibly according to the appearance of weather and plant, if weather is normal, plant strain growth is neat, emasculation can take interlacing emasculation or the method every strain emasculation, emasculation strain number is generally no more than 1/2nd of full field strain number and is advisable, by rand, several row at the edge of a field do not want emasculation, in order to avoid impact pollination, after pollination terminates, tassel all can be cut, shine to increase Population Light and alleviate damage by disease and insect, if encounter high temperature and drought or weather cloudy and drizzly for days on end, or plant strain growth irregular time, emasculation or not emasculation should be lacked, only after loose powder terminates, wipe out the whole tassel in land for growing field crops in time, four, emasculation will note little strain, goes weak strain, to make these little weak strains can weave silk ahead of time pollination.
3. the high-yield planting method of a kind of corn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described cultivation management also comprises supplementary pollination, supplementary pollination adopts artificial stay cord method, namely two bamboo bars are used, rope is fixed in one end of bamboo bar, in at 9-11 o'clock in the morning, , by two people Ge Na mono-bamboo bars, advance every the capable direct motion of 6-8, rope is pulled through gently on tassel top, pollen dispersed is allowed to fall, pollination work will in pollen a large amount of operating period, generally carry out 2-3 time, for the late plant that partly weaves silk, if field pollen clears, cannot pollinate again, the pollen that then should gather other field corn is pollinated.
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