CN104663239A - High-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai region - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in the Huanghuaihai region. The high-yield cultivation method comprises the following five main steps: (1) performing soil preparation and sowing; (2) managing before winter; (3) managing in spring; (4) managing in middle and later stages; and (5) harvesting. According to the technical mode of selecting a winter variety, returning straw to the field, applying fertilizers, performing deep loosening and deep digging, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, performing broad accurate sowing, mechanically pressing, watering in winter, backwards shifting nitrogen fertilizers, spraying once to prevent pests and diseases, dry and hot wind and lodging, and mechanically harvesting, the high-quality wheat variety which is high in yield, stable in yield and strong in lodging resistance is selected, the soil fertility is raised, seeds are sowed at proper time, the proper pre-winter management is performed, the survival rate of the wheat seedlings is increased, and the uneven growth is prevented; organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are reasonably combined, the technology of backwards shifting the nitrogen fertilizers and applying potassium in stages is applied, the nutrient needs of the wheat at different stages are sufficiently guaranteed, a reasonable group structure is established, the spikelet floret degeneration is reduced, the kernels per spike are increased, the functional period of green leaves is prolonged, the grain filling is promoted, the thousand seed weight is increased and the high-yield breakthrough is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-yield cultivating method of Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Fall Wheat, belong to production technology of crops field.
Background technology
Winter wheat is generally boundary with Great Wall in China, to the north of be roughly spring wheat, on the south be then winter wheat, China is based on winter wheat.Huang-Huai-Hai region comprise Beijing, Tianjin and the Three Eastern Provinces, mountain whole, the large portion of Hebei and Henan two province, and Jiangsu, Anhui two province Northern Area of Huaihe River.This genus warm temperate zone, region subhumid climate comes emerging, light, warm aboundresources, and in region, physical features is smooth, and soil layer is deep, and crop production technology is fairly perfect, and grain yield level is high, is the maximum wheat belt of China.
Chinese patent literature CN 103416131A (application number: a kind of high-yield planting method 201310310368.3) disclosing winter wheat, comprise following content: natural pond immersion kind, sowing before in conjunction with intensive cultivation wholely, basal dressing, the wheat jointing later stage impose natural pond liquid, wheat booting period sprays foliage fertilizer, wheat heading stage sprays biological medicine fertilizer and Wheat in Grain Filling Stage sprays water-retention fertilizer; The implantation methods of this invention is convenient and practical, cost is low, reduce nitrogenous fertilizer in good quality wheat production to pollute and the serious adverse effect of residue of pesticide, improve grain quality, solve Quality Wheat cultivation, the recycling of agricultural wastes and issue of sustainable development of agriculture.But this implantation methods does not reasonably take lodging-prevention measure, thorough not to the extermination of disease and insect pest, make output not ideal enough, only about 530 kilograms.
Therefore, seek a kind of methods such as sowing supporting at wheat planting links, fertilising, management, most important to raising winter wheat yields.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of high-yield planting technical method of Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Fall Wheat.
Terminological interpretation:
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A high-yield cultivating method for Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Fall Wheat, comprises step as follows:
(1) sow wholely
After first crop straw chopping and returning, fertilizer, azophoska, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are mixed and applies as base fertilizer, then deep plough one time, then rotary tillage twice, last thin rake twice; Fertilizer applied amount is 3000-4000kg/ mu, and azophoska applied amount is urea 4-6kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8-12kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5kg/ mu, and boron fertilizer applied amount is 2-4kg/ mu, and zinc fertilizer applied amount is 2-4kg/ mu;
Select that high yield, stable yields, lodging tolerance are strong, the wheat breed of seed purity >=98%, germination rate >=95% was sowed October 2 to October 12; Seeding quantity is 9-12kg/ mu, and sowing evenly, the depth is consistent, earthing is tight;
(2) managed before the winter
Carried out looking into seedling for twice, filling the gaps with seedlings to wheat seeding before the Beginning of Winter, first time looks into seedling in time, fills the gaps with seedlings after emerging, and water end water at the place of being short of seedling and reseed the seed of vernalization, second time mends rare transplanting at three leaf one heart stage densitys, reaches the neat seedling of seedling even;
Early November every mu use 3% generation agate missible oil 20-30ml, is watered 20-30kg spraying, control wheat weeds;
In late November to early December, when daily mean temperature drops to 3-7 DEG C, water water of surviving the winter, draw hoe in time after watering water of passing the winter, abolish and harden;
Colony is had greatly to the wheatland of prosperous long trend, spray Zhuang Feng An before surviving the winter, every mu of 20-30ml is watered the control of 20-30kg atomization, and suppresses one time before mid-December, wheat stopped growing, shallow stroke of hoe after suppression, and temperature raising preserves soil moisture;
(3) management in spring
Period of seedling establishment duty draws hoe: mid-February, ， Ding Ling drew hoe one time, and early March Ding Ling draws hoe second time, and late March Ding Ling draws hoe the 3rd time, and control is tillered, soil moisture conservation feelings;
The phaseization of standing up control lodging-prevention: mid-March, the wheat phase of standing up carries out second time suppression, in by the end of March every mu spray wheat huge golden 20-30ml and be watered 20-30kg, first and second length of internode of control base portion, prevents the later stage from lodging;
Shooting stage topdresses and waters: early April combination is watered, and every mu applies formula fertilizer 28-30 kilogram, and in described formula fertilizer, active constituent content is N 30wt%, K
2o 10wt%;
(4) middle and later periods management
Booting stage: the every mu of 45-55m that waters
3every mu of use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 25g, 50% carbendazim 80 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, mixing is watered 25-35kg, spray blade, for anti-to eliminate aphis, rust, powdery mildew, reduce floret degeneration simultaneously and protect grain number;
Full heading time: every mu is watered 25-35kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Tebuconazole 25ml, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, Imidacloprid 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, for preventing and treating wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust, wheat aphid, protection boot leaf, extend the green leaf function phase, improve ripening rate;
Pustulation period: every mu is watered 25-35kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, eliminate aphis for anti-, extend the green leaf function phase, resist dry-hot wind, increase grain weight;
(5) gather in the crops
Wax ripeness results in latter stage, wheat stalk returning.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step (1), wheat breed is Jimai 22, and the sowing time is on October 5 to 9, and seeding quantity is 9kg/ mu.Sowing will accomplish meticulous sowing, does not replay, not broadcast leakage, and the depth is consistent, and earthing is tight, and sowing arrives limit to the end, realizes one and broadcasts full stand, avoid occurring be short of seedling disconnected ridge and pimple seedling phenomenon.
According to the present invention, preferably, early November every mu use 3% generation agate missible oil 30ml in step (2), is watered 30kg spraying; Colony is had greatly to the wheatland of prosperous long trend, spray Zhuang Feng An before surviving the winter, every mu of 30ml is watered the control of 30kg atomization.Water water of surviving the winter in step (2) to be on the one hand beneficial to keep a full stand of seedings and to survive the winter, resist freeze injury, on the other hand, be beneficial to and keep good soil moisture content early spring, to postpone the time of first time in spring rich water quality management, strive for managerial active.The growth of cereal crop seedlings before winter: Basic Seedling about 180,000 plants/acre, total stem number about 1,000,000 of surviving the winter, average individual plant tillers 5.7, more than three leaves large tiller 3.1, individual plant secondary root 6.8.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step (3), early April combines and waters, and every mu applies formula fertilizer 30 kilograms.Mid-February is period of seedling establishment to late March, now will control rich water, and main control measures artificial draw hoe, reaches soil moisture conservation, heats, the object of weeding.Spring the growth of cereal crop seedlings: every mu of maximum stem number about 1,000,000, individual plant tillers 6.7, more than four leaves large tiller 3.6, individual plant secondary root 7.8.
Needed for wheat whole breeding time, the 40-50% of nitrogenous fertilizer is used for base fertilizer, and remaining 50-60% imposes after being used for jointing; Potash fertilizer bottom application, impose each 50%.Apply postponing nitrogen and execute potassium technology by stages, meeting the demand of wheat late growth stage to nitrogen, potassium nutrition, be beneficial to and set up Optimum population, reduce small ear floret degeneration, increase grain number per spike, extend the green leaf function phase, promote kernel grouting, improve thousand kernel weight, improve output.
According to the present invention, preferably, booting stage in step (4): every mu of use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 25 grams, 50% carbendazim 80 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams of mixing are watered 30kg; Full heading time: every mu is watered 30kg with Tianda-2116 Zhi thing Xi Bao Mo stable state agent 50 grams, Tebuconazole 25ml, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, Imidacloprid 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing; Pustulation period: every mu is watered 30kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing.Booting stage is wheat critical period of water need, has watered this water, is conducive to reducing floret degeneration, increases grain number per spike, and increases deep subsoil retaining, absorb for the later stage, and this will irrigate all over water.Wheat Diseases And Insect Pests should to put prevention first, to booting stage to adopt insecticide, bactericide and foliage fertilizer mixed atomizing in time, reach diseases prevention, control worm according to prediction, the object of anti-early ageing.
According to the present invention, the appearance in wax ripeness latter stage is that plant leaf is withered and yellow, and stem stalk is still flexible, and seed coat color is close to this kind intrinsic light pool, and now, thousand kernel weight is the highest, adopts combine results, wheat stalk returning.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, to gather in the crops the winter wheat yields obtained high in the present invention, every mu of Basic Seedling 18-25 about ten thousand, and before the winter, total stem number is 60-100 ten thousand, and spring, maximum total stem number was 100-120 ten thousand, every mu of spike number 48-50 ten thousand; Number of grain per ear 35-38 grain, thousand kernel weight about 42-45g, per mu yield reaches more than 700kg.
2, the present invention manages before carrying out the winter be suitable for, and improves wheat seeding survival rate, prevents growth uneven.
3, the present invention is in management in spring and middle and later periods management process, controls in time on the one hand on plant height, prevents lodging, carries out reasonable management on the other hand, guarantee that wheat is grown up in the best condition, for high yield is laid a solid foundation in sick worm and fertilising.
4, fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are reasonably arranged in pairs or groups by the present invention, apply postponing nitrogen and execute potassium technology by stages, abundant guarantee wheat different times is to the demand of nutrient, thus set up Optimum population, reduce small ear floret degeneration, increase grain number per spike, extend the green leaf function phase, promote kernel grouting, improve thousand kernel weight, improve output.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited thereto.
In embodiment, seed used, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals are the conventional commercial products of agriculture field.
Wherein, agricultural chemicals used has: generation agate missible oil, Zhuang Feng An, Mai Jujin, beta-cypermethrin, carbendazim, Imidacloprid, the agent of Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state, Tebuconazole.Be this area conventional products.
Embodiment 1, pilot region: Hebei
A high-yield cultivating method for Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Fall Wheat, comprises step as follows:
(1) sow wholely
Fertilizer, azophoska, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, also behind field, mix and apply as base fertilizer by corn straw smashing, then deep plough one time, then rotary tillage twice, last thin rake twice; Fertilizer applied amount is 3000kg/ mu, and azophoska applied amount is urea 4kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5kg/ mu, and boron fertilizer applied amount is 2kg/ mu, and zinc fertilizer applied amount is 2kg/ mu;
Select Jimai 22 seed, purity >=98%, germination rate >=95%, sowed October 5 to October 9, seeding quantity is 9kg/ mu, and sowing evenly, the depth is consistent, earthing is tight;
(2) managed before the winter
Carried out looking into seedling for twice, filling the gaps with seedlings to wheat seeding before the Beginning of Winter, first time looks into seedling in time, fills the gaps with seedlings after emerging, and water end water at the place of being short of seedling and reseed the seed of vernalization, second time mends rare transplanting at three leaf one heart stage densitys, reaches the neat seedling of seedling even;
Early November every mu use 3% generation agate missible oil 20ml, is watered 20kg spraying, control wheat weeds;
In late November to early December, when daily mean temperature drops to 3-5 DEG C, water water of surviving the winter, draw hoe in time after watering water of passing the winter, abolish and harden;
Colony is had greatly to the wheatland of prosperous long trend, spray Zhuang Feng An before surviving the winter, every mu of 20ml is watered the control of 20kg atomization, and suppresses one time before mid-December, wheat stopped growing, shallow stroke of hoe after suppression, and temperature raising preserves soil moisture;
The growth of cereal crop seedlings before winter: Basic Seedling about 180,000 plants/acre, total stem number about 1,000,000 of surviving the winter, average individual plant tillers 5, more than three leaves large tiller 3, individual plant secondary root 6;
(3) management in spring
Period of seedling establishment duty draws hoe: mid-February, ， Ding Ling drew hoe one time, and early March Ding Ling draws hoe second time, and late March Ding Ling draws hoe the 3rd time, and control is tillered, soil moisture conservation feelings;
The phaseization of standing up control lodging-prevention: mid-March, the wheat phase of standing up carries out second time suppression, in by the end of March every mu spray wheat huge golden 20ml and be watered 20kg, first and second length of internode of control base portion, prevents the later stage from lodging;
Shooting stage topdresses and waters: early April combination is watered, and every mu applies formula fertilizer 30 kilograms, and in described formula fertilizer, active constituent content is N 30wt%, K
2o 10wt%;
Spring the growth of cereal crop seedlings: every mu of maximum stem number about 1,000,000, individual plant tillers 6, more than four leaves large tiller 3, individual plant secondary root 7;
(4) middle and later periods management
Booting stage: the every mu of 50m that waters
3, every mu of use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 25 grams, 50% carbendazim 80 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, mixing is watered 25kg, spray blade, for anti-ly to eliminate aphis, rust, powdery mildew, reduces floret degeneration simultaneously and protects grain number;
Full heading time: every mu is watered 25kg with Tianda-2116 Zhi thing Xi Bao Mo stable state agent 50 grams, Tebuconazole 25ml, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, Imidacloprid 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, for preventing and treating wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust, wheat aphid, protection boot leaf, extend the green leaf function phase, improve ripening rate;
Pustulation period: every mu is watered 25kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, eliminate aphis for anti-, extend the green leaf function phase, resist dry-hot wind, increase grain weight;
(5) gather in the crops
The appearance in wax ripeness latter stage is that plant leaf is withered and yellow, and stem stalk is still flexible, and seed coat color is close to this kind intrinsic light pool, and now, thousand kernel weight is the highest, adopts combine results, wheat straw farmland returning.
The present embodiment every mu spike number 480,000; Number of grain per ear 36, thousand kernel weight 44g, per mu yield 703kg.
Embodiment 2, pilot region: Shandong
A high-yield cultivating method for Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Fall Wheat, comprises step as follows:
(1) sow wholely
Fertilizer, azophoska, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, also behind field, mix and apply as base fertilizer by corn straw smashing, then deep plough one time, then rotary tillage twice, last thin rake twice; Fertilizer applied amount is 3500kg/ mu, and azophoska applied amount is urea 5kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5kg/ mu, and boron fertilizer applied amount is 3kg/ mu, and zinc fertilizer applied amount is 3kg/ mu;
Select Jimai 22 seed, purity >=98%, germination rate >=95%, sowed October 5 to October 9, seeding quantity is 10kg/ mu, and sowing evenly, the depth is consistent, earthing is tight;
(2) managed before the winter
Carried out looking into seedling for twice, filling the gaps with seedlings to wheat seeding before the Beginning of Winter, first time looks into seedling in time, fills the gaps with seedlings after emerging, and water end water at the place of being short of seedling and reseed the seed of vernalization, second time mends rare transplanting at three leaf one heart stage densitys, reaches the neat seedling of seedling even;
Early November every mu use 3% generation agate missible oil 30ml, is watered 30kg spraying, control wheat weeds;
In late November to early December, when daily mean temperature drops to 3-5 DEG C, water water of surviving the winter, draw hoe in time after watering water of passing the winter, abolish and harden;
Colony is had greatly to the wheatland of prosperous long trend, spray Zhuang Feng An before surviving the winter, every mu of 30ml is watered the control of 30kg atomization, and suppresses one time before mid-December, wheat stopped growing, shallow stroke of hoe after suppression, and temperature raising preserves soil moisture;
The growth of cereal crop seedlings before winter: Basic Seedling about 180,000 plants/acre, total stem number about 1,000,000 of surviving the winter, average individual plant tillers 6, more than three leaves large tiller 4, individual plant secondary root 7;
(3) management in spring
Period of seedling establishment duty draws hoe: mid-February, ， Ding Ling drew hoe one time, and early March Ding Ling draws hoe second time, and late March Ding Ling draws hoe the 3rd time, and control is tillered, soil moisture conservation feelings;
The phaseization of standing up control lodging-prevention: mid-March, the wheat phase of standing up carries out second time suppression, in by the end of March every mu spray wheat huge golden 30ml and be watered 30kg, first and second length of internode of control base portion, prevents the later stage from lodging;
Shooting stage topdresses and waters: early April combination is watered, and every mu applies formula fertilizer 30 kilograms, and in described formula fertilizer, active constituent content is N 30wt%, K
2o 10wt%;
Spring the growth of cereal crop seedlings: every mu of maximum stem number about 1,000,000, individual plant tillers 7, more than four leaves large tiller 4, individual plant secondary root 8;
(4) middle and later periods management
Booting stage: the every mu of 55m that waters
3, every mu of use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 25 grams, 50% carbendazim 80 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams of mixing are watered 30kg, spray blade, for anti-ly to eliminate aphis, rust, powdery mildew, reduce floret degeneration simultaneously and protect grain number;
Full heading time: every mu is watered 30kg with Tianda-2116 Zhi thing Xi Bao Mo stable state agent 50 grams, Tebuconazole 25ml, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, Imidacloprid 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, for preventing and treating wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust, wheat aphid, protection boot leaf, extend the green leaf function phase, improve ripening rate;
Pustulation period: every mu is watered 30kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, eliminate aphis for anti-, extend the green leaf function phase, resist dry-hot wind, increase grain weight;
(5) gather in the crops
The appearance in wax ripeness latter stage is that plant leaf is withered and yellow, and stem stalk is still flexible, and seed coat color is close to this kind intrinsic light pool, and now, thousand kernel weight is the highest, adopts combine results, wheat straw farmland returning.
The present embodiment every mu spike number 500,000; Number of grain per ear 38, thousand kernel weight 45g, per mu yield 855kg.
Embodiment 3, pilot region: Henan
A high-yield cultivating method for Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Fall Wheat, comprises step as follows:
(1) sow wholely
Fertilizer, azophoska, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, also behind field, mix and apply as base fertilizer by corn straw smashing, then deep plough one time, then rotary tillage twice, last thin rake twice; Fertilizer applied amount is 4000kg/ mu, and azophoska applied amount is urea 5kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5kg/ mu, and boron fertilizer applied amount is 2kg/ mu, and zinc fertilizer applied amount is 2kg/ mu;
Select Jimai 22 seed, purity >=98%, germination rate >=95%, sowed October 5 to October 9, seeding quantity is 10kg/ mu, and sowing evenly, the depth is consistent, earthing is tight;
(2) managed before the winter
Carried out looking into seedling for twice, filling the gaps with seedlings to wheat seeding before the Beginning of Winter, first time looks into seedling in time, fills the gaps with seedlings after emerging, and water end water at the place of being short of seedling and reseed the seed of vernalization, second time mends rare transplanting at three leaf one heart stage densitys, reaches the neat seedling of seedling even;
Early November every mu use 3% generation agate missible oil 25ml, is watered 25kg spraying, control wheat weeds;
In late November to early December, when daily mean temperature drops to 3-5 DEG C, water water of surviving the winter, draw hoe in time after watering water of passing the winter, abolish and harden;
Colony is had greatly to the wheatland of prosperous long trend, spray Zhuang Feng An before surviving the winter, every mu of 25ml is watered the control of 25kg atomization, and suppresses one time before mid-December, wheat stopped growing, shallow stroke of hoe after suppression, and temperature raising preserves soil moisture;
(3) management in spring
Period of seedling establishment duty draws hoe: mid-February, ， Ding Ling drew hoe one time, and early March Ding Ling draws hoe second time, and late March Ding Ling draws hoe the 3rd time, and control is tillered, soil moisture conservation feelings;
The phaseization of standing up control lodging-prevention: mid-March, the wheat phase of standing up carries out second time suppression, in by the end of March every mu spray wheat huge golden 20-30ml and be watered 20-30kg, first and second length of internode of control base portion, prevents the later stage from lodging;
Shooting stage topdresses and waters: early April combination is watered, and every mu applies formula fertilizer 28 kilograms, and in described formula fertilizer, active constituent content is N 30wt%, K
2o 10wt%;
(4) middle and later periods management
Booting stage: the every mu of 55m that waters
3, every mu of use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 25 grams, 50% carbendazim 80 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, Tianda-2116 are planted thing thin born of the same parents Mo stable state agent 50 grams of mixing and are watered 305kg, spray blade, for anti-ly to eliminate aphis, rust, powdery mildew, reduce floret degeneration simultaneously and protect grain number;
Full heading time: every mu is watered 35kg with Tianda-2116 Zhi thing Xi Bao Mo stable state agent 50 grams, Tebuconazole 25ml, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, Imidacloprid 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, for preventing and treating wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust, wheat aphid, protection boot leaf, extend the green leaf function phase, improve ripening rate;
Pustulation period: every mu is watered 35kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, eliminate aphis for anti-, extend the green leaf function phase, resist dry-hot wind, increase grain weight;
(5) gather in the crops
The appearance in wax ripeness latter stage is that plant leaf is withered and yellow, and stem stalk is still flexible, and seed coat color is close to this kind intrinsic light pool, and now, thousand kernel weight is the highest, adopts combine results, wheat straw farmland returning.
The present embodiment every mu spike number 480,000; Number of grain per ear 37, thousand kernel weight about 44g, per mu yield 820kg.
Claims (8)
1. a high-yield cultivating method for Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Fall Wheat, comprises step as follows:
(1) sow wholely
After first crop straw chopping and returning, fertilizer, azophoska, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are mixed and applies as base fertilizer, then deep plough one time, then rotary tillage twice, last thin rake twice; Fertilizer applied amount is 3000-4000kg/ mu, and azophoska applied amount is urea 4-6kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8-12kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5kg/ mu, and boron fertilizer applied amount is 2-4kg/ mu, and zinc fertilizer applied amount is 2-4kg/ mu;
Select that high yield, stable yields, lodging tolerance are strong, the wheat breed of seed purity >=98%, germination rate >=95% was sowed October 2 to October 12; Seeding quantity is 9-12kg/ mu, and sowing evenly, the depth is consistent, earthing is tight;
(2) managed before the winter
Carried out looking into seedling for twice, filling the gaps with seedlings to wheat seeding before the Beginning of Winter, first time looks into seedling in time, fills the gaps with seedlings after emerging, and water end water at the place of being short of seedling and reseed the seed of vernalization, second time mends rare transplanting at three leaf one heart stage densitys, reaches the neat seedling of seedling even;
Early November every mu use 3% generation agate missible oil 20-30ml, is watered 20-30kg spraying, control wheat weeds;
In late November to early December, when daily mean temperature drops to 3-7 DEG C, water water of surviving the winter, draw hoe in time after watering water of passing the winter, abolish and harden;
Colony is had greatly to the wheatland of prosperous long trend, spray Zhuang Feng An before surviving the winter, every mu of 20-30ml is watered the control of 20-30kg atomization, and suppresses one time before mid-December, wheat stopped growing, shallow stroke of hoe after suppression, and temperature raising preserves soil moisture;
(3) management in spring
Period of seedling establishment duty draws hoe: mid-February, ， Ding Ling drew hoe one time, and early March Ding Ling draws hoe second time, and late March Ding Ling draws hoe the 3rd time, and control is tillered, soil moisture conservation feelings;
The phaseization of standing up control lodging-prevention: mid-March, the wheat phase of standing up carries out second time suppression, in by the end of March every mu spray wheat huge golden 20-30ml and be watered 20-30kg, first and second length of internode of control base portion, prevents the later stage from lodging;
Shooting stage topdresses and waters: early April combination is watered, and every mu applies formula fertilizer 28-30 kilogram, and in described formula fertilizer, active constituent content is N 30wt%, K
2o 10wt%;
(4) middle and later periods management
Booting stage: the every mu of 45-55m that waters
3every mu of use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 25g, 50% carbendazim 80 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, mixing is watered 25-35kg, spray blade, for anti-to eliminate aphis, rust, powdery mildew, reduce floret degeneration simultaneously and protect grain number;
Full heading time: every mu is watered 25-35kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Tebuconazole 25ml, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, Imidacloprid 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, for preventing and treating wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust, wheat aphid, protection boot leaf, extend the green leaf function phase, improve ripening rate;
Pustulation period: every mu is watered 25-35kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing, spray fringe portion and upper blade, eliminate aphis for anti-, extend the green leaf function phase, resist dry-hot wind, increase grain weight;
(5) gather in the crops
Wax ripeness results in latter stage, wheat stalk returning.
2. high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), wheat breed is Jimai 22.
3. high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), the sowing time is on October 5 to 9, and seeding quantity is 9kg/ mu.
4. high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, early November every mu use 3% generation agate missible oil 30ml in step (2), is watered 30kg spraying; Colony is had greatly to the wheatland of prosperous long trend, spray Zhuang Feng An before surviving the winter, every mu of 30ml is watered the control of 30kg atomization.
5. high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), early April combines and waters, and every mu applies formula fertilizer 30 kilograms.
6. high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, booting stage in step (4): every mu of use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 25 grams, 50% carbendazim 80 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams of mixing are watered 30kg.
7. high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, full heading time in step (4): every mu is watered 30kg with Tianda-2116 Zhi thing Xi Bao Mo stable state agent 50 grams, Tebuconazole 25ml, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, Imidacloprid 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing.
8. high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the pustulation period in step (4): every mu is watered 30kg with Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stable state agent 50 grams, Imidacloprid 10 grams, beta-cypermethrin 25ml, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams of mixing.
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