CN111616004A - Seeding method for improving lodging resistance of water-irrigated land oat - Google Patents
Seeding method for improving lodging resistance of water-irrigated land oat Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616004A CN111616004A CN202010254927.3A CN202010254927A CN111616004A CN 111616004 A CN111616004 A CN 111616004A CN 202010254927 A CN202010254927 A CN 202010254927A CN 111616004 A CN111616004 A CN 111616004A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Abstract
The invention provides a sowing method for improving lodging resistance of water-irrigated land oat, belonging to the technical field of crop planting. According to the method, the ditching range of oat seeding is widened to 12-15 cm, the planting row spacing is set to 15cm, and the number of seedlings to be protected is set to 300-600 thousands of plants/hm2. The method can enhance the mechanical strength of the second internode of the base part of the oat in the filling stage and the maturation stage, and improve the stem thickness and the wall thickness of the oat in the heading stage and the filling stage, thereby improving the lodging resistance index and the lodging resistance of the oat. The sowing method of the invention not only can increase the lodging resistance of the oat population, but also can increase the yield of the oat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a sowing method for improving lodging resistance of oats in a water-irrigated land.
Background
The oat is a gramineous avena grain and grass dual-purpose annual crop, and has the excellent characteristics of strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, high nutritional value and the like. Along with the increasing importance of people on the nutritive value of the oat, the planting area of the oat is continuously enlarged year by year, and more oat seeds are poured on the water with sufficient moisture, so that the phenomenon that the oat is easy to fall down in the later growth period is caused. In the actual production link, because the water content in the water irrigation land is sufficient, the plants in the field are high and scattered in the later stage of oat growth, the population shading degree is high, the stalk support is weakened, the carbon assimilation of the canopy and the interception efficiency of blades to light are reduced, if rainfall and strong wind weather are met during the period from the grouting period to the mature period, the oat is easy to fall down, so that a series of adverse reactions such as population small environment deterioration, plant diseases and insect pests aggravation and easy premature senility are caused, and the yield formation, the appearance of grains and the nutritional quality are seriously influenced. How to improve the lodging resistance of the water-irrigated oat is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sowing method for improving lodging resistance of water-irrigated oat, which can effectively improve the lodging resistance of the water-irrigated oat.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a sowing method for improving lodging resistance of oats in a water-irrigated land, which comprises the following steps:
1) sowing oat seeds in a drilling mode; the seeding amount of the oat seeds is 100-200 kg/hm2(ii) a The width of the sowing width is 12-15 cm, and the planting row spacing is 15 cm;
2) after the oat seeds emerge, protecting the seedlings; the number of the seedlings is 300-600 thousands of seedlings per hm2。
Preferably, before the oat seeds are sown in the drilling mode in the step 1), the method further comprises the steps of ploughing and raking the soil.
Preferably, the plowing depth is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, the seeding rate of the oat seeds in the step 1) is 150kg/hm2。
Preferably, the sowing depth in the step 1) is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, after the oat seeds are sowed in the step 1), the sowing trench is covered with soil, the ground is leveled and the soil is pressed.
Preferably, after the oat seeds are sown in the step 1), irrigating.
Preferably, the number of the seedlings in the step 2) is 450 ten thousand per hm2。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a sowing method for improving lodging resistance of water-irrigated land oat. According to the method, the ditching range of oat seeding is widened to 12-15 cm, the planting row spacing is 15cm, and the number of seedlings is set to 300-600 ten thousand plants/hm2. The method can enhance the mechanical strength of the second internode of the base part of the oat in the filling stage and the maturation stage, and improve the stem thickness and the wall thickness of the oat in the heading stage and the filling stage, thereby improving the lodging resistance index and the lodging resistance of the oat. The sowing method of the invention not only can increase the lodging resistance of the oat population, but also can increase the yield of the oat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional oat seeding method;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the oat seeding method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a sowing method for improving lodging resistance of oats in a water-irrigated land, which comprises the following steps:
1) sowing oat seeds in a drilling mode; the seeding amount of the oat seeds is 100-200 kg/hm2(ii) a The width of the sowing width is 12-15 cm, and the planting row spacing is 15 cm;
2) after the oat seeds emerge, protecting the seedlings; the number of the seedlings is 300-600 thousands of seedlings per hm2。
Before sowing oat seeds in the step 1) in a drilling manner, the method preferably further comprises the steps of ploughing and raking the soil; the plowing depth is preferably 25-30 cm; the plowing mode is preferably mechanical plowing; the raking plow has the function of eliminating large soil blocks and achieving fine crushing and leveling of the soil.
After the soil is ploughed and raked, the invention adopts a drill seeding methodSowing oat seeds in a formula; the width of the sowing width is 12-15 cm, and the planting row spacing is 15 cm; the seeding rate of the oat seeds is preferably 150kg/hm2(ii) a In the specific implementation process of the invention, the seeding rate of the oat seeds is 100kg/hm2The corresponding seedling protection amount is 300 ten thousand plants/hm2(ii) a The seeding rate of the oat seeds is 150kg/hm2The corresponding seedling protection amount is 450 ten thousand strains/hm2(ii) a The seeding rate of the oat seeds is 200kg/hm2The corresponding seedling protection amount is 600 ten thousand plants/hm2(ii) a The sowing depth is preferably 3-5 cm.
The width of a sowing width set for sowing oat seeds in a traditional drilling mode is 5-6 cm, the planting row spacing is 25cm, and a schematic diagram is shown in figure 1; the width of the sowing width is 12-15 cm, the planting row spacing is 15cm, and a schematic diagram is shown in figure 2. According to the invention, by increasing the width of the seeding frame and reducing the planting row spacing, the growth space of a single plant can be increased, so that the seeds are uniformly distributed in the field, the seedlings grow fast, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions are sufficient, the photosynthetic efficiency of the oat is improved, the insect pests at the middle and later stages are reduced, the formation of robust plants is facilitated, the seeding quality is improved, the distribution of oat populations is improved, the population quality of the oat is improved, the mechanical strength of oat stalks is increased, the stem thickness and the wall thickness of the oat stalks are increased, and the lodging resistance and the yield of the oat at the later growth stage are further improved.
After the oat seeds are sowed, the method preferably further comprises the steps of covering soil, leveling the ground and pressing the sowing trenches; the compacting can reduce the water loss; after sowing the oat seeds, preferably irrigating; the irrigation mode and the irrigation quantity are not particularly limited by the invention, and the conventional arrangement in the field can be adopted.
According to the invention, after the oat seeds grow seedlings, the seedlings are protected; the number of the seedlings is 300-600 thousands of seedlings per hm2(ii) a Preferably 450 million strains/hm2The seedling number not only can increase the lodging resistance of the oat population, but also can improve the crop yield.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following describes the effects of the present invention.
Time and place of implementation: 2019 at Wulan scout cloth research institute of agricultural science. The Wulanchou agricultural academy is located in the inner Mongolia Wulanchou city, Youqiang, right front flag, flat spring town (40.9232 degrees N, 113.1196 degrees E), belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, and has the characteristics of cold and dry climate, much wind and rain, large day-night temperature difference, annual average temperature of 4.5 ℃, maximum temperature of 39.7 ℃ and minimum temperature of-34.4 ℃; the annual precipitation is 376.1mm, and most of the annual precipitation is concentrated in the last 7-8 months; annual average frost period 131 days; the soil type is chestnut calcium soil;
sowing materials: mongolian swallow I;
carrying out deep ploughing and leveling before oat seeding, adopting mechanical ploughing, requiring the ploughing depth to reach 25-30 cm, and carrying out ploughing and leveling in time after ploughing to eliminate large soil and achieve fine crushing and leveling of the soil;
after sowing, the field management is carried out in the same way as the comparative example according to the oat planting management mode of the water-irrigated land in the current land.
The mechanical strength and lodging resistance index of the second internode of the grouted base and the mechanical strength and lodging resistance index of the second internode of the base in the mature period are recorded in the field, and the results are shown in table 1.
The stem thickness and wall thickness were recorded during the heading and filling phases and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 1
When sowing, a drilling mode is adopted, a hook hoe is used for excavating a sowing ditch with the sowing width of 12-15 cm and the sowing depth of 3-5 cm, the planting row spacing is 15cm, and seeds are planted according to the ratio of 100kg/hm2The sowing quantity is uniformly sowed into the sowing ditch, the ground is leveled after the soil is covered, and the soil can be properly pressed to reduce the water loss. Observing the emergence of the seeds after sowing, wherein the seedling protection quantity is 300 ten thousand plants/hm2. After sowing, the soil moisture content is suitable, and irrigation is carried out timely.
Example 2
During sowingAdopting a drilling mode, digging a seeding ditch with the seeding width of 12-15 cm and the seeding depth of 3-5 cm by using a hook hoe, planting the seeds at the row spacing of 15cm, and planting the seeds according to the seed ratio of 150kg/hm2The sowing quantity is uniformly sowed into the sowing ditch, the ground is leveled after the soil is covered, and the soil can be properly pressed to reduce the water loss. Observing the emergence of the seeds after sowing, wherein the seedling protection number is 450 ten thousand plants/hm2. After sowing, the soil moisture content is suitable, and irrigation is carried out timely.
Example 3
When sowing, a drilling mode is adopted, a hook hoe is used for excavating a sowing ditch with the sowing width of 12-15 cm and the sowing depth of 3-5 cm, the planting row spacing is 15cm, and seeds are planted according to the ratio of 200kg/hm2The sowing quantity is uniformly sowed into the sowing ditch, the ground is leveled after the soil is covered, and the soil can be properly pressed to reduce the water loss. Observing the emergence of the seeds after sowing, wherein the seedling keeping number is 600 ten thousand plants/hm2. After sowing, the soil moisture content is suitable, and irrigation is carried out timely.
Comparative example 1
Adopting a drilling mode during seeding, digging a seeding ditch with the seeding width of 5-6 cm and the seeding depth of 3-5 cm by using a hook hoe, planting the seeds at the row spacing of 15cm, and sowing the seeds according to the ratio of 100kg/hm2The sowing quantity is uniformly sowed into the sowing ditch, the ground is leveled after the soil is covered, and the soil can be properly pressed to reduce the water loss. Observing the emergence of the seeds after sowing, wherein the seedling keeping number is 300 ten thousand plants/hm2. After sowing, the soil moisture content is suitable, and irrigation is carried out timely.
Comparative example 2
Adopting a drilling mode during seeding, digging a seeding ditch with the seeding width of 5-6 cm and the seeding depth of 3-5 cm by using a hook hoe, planting the seeds at the row spacing of 15cm, and sowing the seeds according to the ratio of 150kg/hm2The sowing quantity is uniformly sowed into the sowing ditch, the ground is leveled after the soil is covered, and the soil can be properly pressed to reduce the water loss. Observing the emergence of the seeds after sowing, wherein the seedling protection number is 450 ten thousand plants/hm2. After sowing, the soil moisture content is suitable, and irrigation is carried out timely.
Comparative example 3
Adopting a drilling mode during seeding, digging a seeding ditch with the seeding width of 5-6 cm and the seeding depth of 3-5 cm by using a hook hoe, planting the seeds at the row spacing of 15cm, and sowing the seeds according to the ratio of 200kg/hm2The seeding quantity is uniformly broadcast to the seeding ditch, the soil is covered, the ground is leveled, and the soil can also be usedAnd properly pressing to reduce water loss. Observing the emergence of the seeds after sowing, wherein the seedling keeping number is 600 ten thousand plants/hm2. After sowing, the soil moisture content is suitable, and irrigation is carried out timely.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1 TO 3 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 TO 3 oat grouting period, mechanical Strength between second internodes of basal part in maturation period, and lodging resistance index
The mechanical strength of the second internodes of the oat base can directly reflect the lodging resistance of the oat, and the larger the mechanical strength of the second internodes of the oat base is, the larger the lodging resistance of the oat is. As shown in Table 1, the mechanical strength of the second internode at the base part of the oat grouting period is 1.031N, 1.736N and 1.765N higher than the width of the seeding width of 6cm in the width of the seeding width of 12-15 cm under three densities of D600, D450 and D300; the mechanical strength of the second internode of the base part in the mature period is respectively 0.873N, 1.244N and 0.872N higher than the width of the seeding width of 5-6 cm in the width of 12-15 cm under the three densities of D600, D450 and D300.
Therefore, the mechanical strength between the second sections of the base parts of the oats can be increased by expanding the width of the traditional seeding width to 12-15 cm from 5-6 cm, so that the lodging resistance of the oats is improved. Under the width of the broadcast web of 15cm, the mechanical strength between the second sections of the base of D450 is 2.955N and 0.665N higher than that of D600 and D300 respectively. Thus, the width of the seeding width is 12-15 cm and the seeding density is 450 ten thousand plants/hm2The matching can synergistically improve the lodging resistance of the water irrigated land oat.
TABLE 2 stem thickness and wall thickness of oat in ear sprouting period and filling period in example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5
The stem thickness and the wall thickness of the oat straw can indirectly reflect the lodging resistance of the oat. As can be seen from the table 2, the stem thickness of the oat in the heading stage is respectively 0.05mm, 0.30mm and 0.09mm higher than the width of the seeding width of 5-6 cm by 12-15 cm under the three densities of D600, D450 and D300; the stem thickness in the grouting period is at three densities of D600, D450 and D300, and the width of the seeding width of 15cm is 0.21mm, 0.33mm and 0.29mm higher than the width of the seeding width of 6 cm.
Therefore, the width of the seeding width is enlarged to be 5-6 cm to 12-15 cm, the thickness of oat stems can be increased, and the lodging resistance of oat stems is improved. Under the condition that the width of the sowing amplitude is 12-15 cm, the stem thickness of D450 is 0.29mm and 0.05mm higher than that of D600 in the heading stage and the grouting stage respectively; the stem thickness of D450 is 0.5mm to 0.17mm higher than that of D300 in the heading stage and the filling stage respectively.
TABLE 3 oat yield in example 3 and comparative examples 1-5
As can be seen from Table 3, the ear number of seeds was 1.6, 8.97 and 7.9 respectively at the width of the seeding width of 12-15 cm, the thousand seed weight was 1.96, 1.75 and 3.5g respectively at the width of 5-6 cm, and the ear number per unit area was 66.3, 48 and 67 respectively at the densities of D600, D450 and D300. Under the condition that the width of the sowing width is 12-15 cm, the ear number of D450 is 11.47 and 15.87 respectively higher than that of D600 and D300, the thousand seed weight is 1.88 and 1.39g respectively, and the ear number per unit area is 9 and 29 respectively.
TABLE 4 oat yields, lodging rates and lodging ratings of example 3 and comparative examples 1-5
As can be seen from Table 4, the width of the seeding width is widened from 5-6 cm to 12-15 cm at three densities of D600, D450 and D300, and the lodging rates are respectively reduced by 24%, 39% and 3%. The yield is respectively increased by 319, 999 and 405kg/hm2Under the condition that the sowing width is 15cm, the lodging rate of D450 is reduced by 49 percent and 13 percent compared with that of D600 and D300 respectively, and the yield of D450 is higher by 986 percent and 1065kg/hm respectively than that of D600 and D3002。
Compared with the traditional sowing width, the obtained sowing width is increasedThe seed width of the strain is 12-15 cm and 450 ten thousand strains/hm2The planting density of the oat groats increases the lodging resistance of the oat groats and also increases the crop yield, and the oat groats are the optimal combination for obtaining higher-yield high-lodging-resistance oat groats in water-irrigated land.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A sowing method for improving lodging resistance of oats in a water-irrigated land comprises the following steps:
1) sowing oat seeds in a drilling mode; the seeding amount of the oat seeds is 100-200 kg/hm2(ii) a The width of the sowing width is 12-15 cm, and the planting row spacing is 15 cm;
2) after the oat seeds emerge, protecting the seedlings; the number of the seedlings is 300-600 thousands of seedlings per hm2。
2. The sowing method of claim 1, further comprising plowing and raking the land before sowing the oat seeds in the drilling mode in the step 1).
3. The sowing method according to claim 2, wherein the depth of the plowing is 25 to 30 cm.
4. The sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing amount of the oat seeds in the step 1) is 150kg/hm2。
5. The sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing depth in step 1) is 3-5 cm.
6. The sowing method of claim 1, further comprising covering the sowing grooves with soil, leveling the ground and compacting after sowing the oat seeds in step 1).
7. The sowing method according to claim 1, further comprising irrigating after sowing the oat seeds in step 1).
8. A sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the number of seedlings in step 2) is 450 ten thousand plants/hm2。
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