CN103392471B - Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat tilling-free maize-tilling one-year grain high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat tilling-free maize-tilling one-year grain high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat and maize production systems, and relates to a cultivation technology for improving the grain yield of the Huang-Huai-Hai region in one year through optimizing the one-year wheat and maize production technology and selecting and using applicable varieties and the application method of the cultivation technology, in particular to a Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat tilling-free maize-tilling one-year grain high-yield cultivation method. According to the Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat tilling-free maize-tilling one-year grain high-yield cultivation method, multiple spike type wheat varieties which are strong in early-matured tiller capability and in middle-matured tiller capability are adopted and are sowed in a tilling-free mode, middle-matured dense-resisting varieties and late-maturing dense-resisting varieties are adopted by the maize varieties, matched machinery is utilized to till soil and carry out fine sowing, and the technical scheme of weed and pest control work is conducted properly. According to the technical scheme, utilization efficiency of agricultural production resources such as moisture, light, temperature and nutrient is effectively improved, and one-year grain yield level of the Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat and summer maize production system is significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Huang-Huai-Hai wheat, Maize Production system, particularly by optimizing anniversary wheat, Maize Production technology and selecting applicable variety to improve culture technique and the application method thereof of Huang-Huai-Hai anniversary grain yield, be specially Huang-Huai-Hai wheat no-tillage-the corn anniversary grain high-yield cultivating method of turning over.
Background technology
Huang-Huai-Hai comprises Shandong, Henan whole of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe basin middle and lower reaches, the large portion in Hebei, the middle and south, Shanxi, Guanzhong，Shanxi and Region of Xuhuai, Jiangsu Province, genus warm temperate zone, this area subhumid climate type, frost-free season 170-220 days, light, warm aboundresources, water scarcity and precipitation mainly concentrate on June to September, and in district, physical features is smooth, and soil layer is deep, crop production technology is fairly perfect, grain yield level is high, is the main food producing region of China.This district is that wheat, the corn of China's maximum concentrated producing region, and wherein corn seeding area is approximately 7,470,000 hectares, accounts for national corn area 32.7%, and gross yield accounts for the whole nation 35.5%; The long-term sowing area of wheat is about 1,230 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 53.6% of national wheat area, and gross yield accounts for 64.8% of the whole nation.
Wheat Maize production technology system is the main food production technology system of Huang-Huai-Hai, and recent two decades comes under the overall background of global warming, and in district, the transformation to two batches of Multiple Cropping Patterns by two batches of interplanting patterns has occurred production technology pattern.
One, two batches of interplanting patterns
Found the state the supreme world initial stage nineties, Huang-Huai-Hai year accumulated temperature slightly inadequate, one season of plantation crop have a surplus, two seasons are not enough.Therefore wheat, Maize Production system be take cornfield interplanting corn as main in region during this period.Wheat, two batches of interplantings of corn can maximally utilise existing light temperature resource, improve anniversary grain yield.
Interplanting corn pattern is mainly by following four kinds of forms:
1, flat planting interplanting.In southern areas, Huang-Huai-Hai, distribute more, comprise Southern Shandong Province, all adopt in this way on the south Shijiazhuang, Hebei and the north, Henan and Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China.Be characterized in wheat heavy seeding, reserved interplanting is not gone specially, or only stays the narrow row of 30 centimetres.Conventionally 7-10 days interplanting corns before wheat harvest, select morning, middle cooked maize kind, and anniversary yield level is higher.And field corn plant is evenly distributed, group structure is reasonable, and photo-thermal resource and soil utilization are more reasonable, have relaxed the contradiction of wheat harvest and summer sowing labour anxiety, is conducive to the two high yields of wheat and maize.Shortcoming is that wheat harvest and interplanting corn are wanted manual operation completely, is unfavorable for do mechanization operation, saves seedling from damage also very difficult.
2, arrowband interplanting.Wheatland is made the furrow shape of 1.5 meters wide, and the interior kind of capable wheat of 6-8 takes up an area approximately 1 meter, the furrow ridge of reserved 0.5 meter, the previous month late-maturing corn of interplanting 2 row of wheat harvest.After wheat harvest, corn is wide-and narrow-row and distributes.With flat planting interplanting, compare, wheat population reduces, but corn can change late variety into, thereby overall productivity difference is little.This interplanting mode compared with short and can race against time in the good area of water and fertilizer condition, makes full use of light temperature resource in Northern Hebei Province and Beijing-Tianjin suburb frost-free season, obtains higher anniversary grain yield.
3, middle band interplanting.The capable wheat of machine sowing 8-9 in the furrow of 2 meters wide, reserved approximately 70 centimetres of interplanting row, interplant late-maturing corn for 30-40 days before wheat harvest.This mode can be used small-scale agricultural machinery operation, comprises wheat harvest, intertillage, fertilising etc.Wide after wheat harvest can be interplanted beans or green manuring in the ranks again.
4, broadband interplanting.Furrow are wide approximately 3 meters, the capable wheat of machine sowing 14-16, within before wheat harvest 25-35 days, on reserved ridge, interplant 2 row in cooked maize kind.After wheat harvest crops such as wide row interplant corn, beans, potato class or green manure.
Two, two batches of Multiple Cropping Patterns
Since entering the nineties in last century, along with global climate continues to warm, Huang-Huai-Hai year accumulated temperature significantly increases, in production, there is interplanting still abundant situation of light temperature resource after late-maturing harvest corn, if promptly sow wheat farming season, tend to occur the front prosperous length of liriope minor, the phenomenon that winter, resistance reduced.
There are some researches show, summer sowing early ripening maize 80-100 days in the time of infertility, required effective accumulated temperature is only 1900-2300 ℃; Middle seasonal strain 100-110 days breeding time, required effective accumulated temperature is 2300-2700 ℃; Late variety 110-130 days breeding time, required effective accumulated temperature is 2700-2900 ℃ only.Therefore,, under current accumulated temperature condition, the live multiple cropping of summer corn can obtain enough light temperature resources completely.The principal element of current generation restriction Huang-Huai-Hai corn yield potentiality performance from the deficiency of light temperature resource be transformed into that corn regularity is poor, density low.For example, under same latitude and light temperature resources supplIes, the summer corn planting density of the U.S. is generally 5000-6000 plant/acre, and yield level is 800-1200 kg/acre, and the density of China's interplanting corn is 2500-3500 plant/acre, yield level is only 450-600 kg/acre.
Therefore, since late nineteen nineties in last century, China starts to promote in Huang-Huai-Hai the live multiple cropping technology of summer corn, and driven the fast development of Maize Production technology in region, for example, " one increases four changes " technology, summer corn receipts high-yield culture technique in live evening and the precocious yield-increasing technology of corn dense planting etc.The common feature of these technology is to select compact corn kind to improve planting density and regularity, improving to greatest extent light temperature resource utilization.
Meanwhile, various places Agricultural Scientist, on the basis of the straw-returning technology of promoting in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and Formula fertilization by soil testing, has also been developed Wheat Production technology accordingly.For example, after Wheat wide Precision Seeding high-yield culture technique, wheat precision seeding half Precision Seeding culture technique, wheat nitrogenous fertilizer, move production technology, wheat standardization seeding technique and wheat ridge culture high-efficiency water-saving production technology etc.
Yet, sum up current Huang-Huai-Hai wheat, Maize Production system agricultural is promoted mainly scientific discovery, it is the common feature that above-mentioned wheat, Maize Production are promoted mainly technology that deep ploughing before Wheat Sowing, corn paste stubble live.
Three, problem in science analysis
Be subject to current China wheat, Maize Production to promote mainly the impact of technology and peasant habit (wheat is the northern China people's main grain ration always), in production, often occur the phenomenon of heavy wheat, light corn.
1, deep ploughing before Wheat Sowing, meticulous whole ground, it is live that corn pastes stubble.The disadvantage of this farming custom is the anniversary overall planning that is unfavorable for water resource.During Huang-Huai-Hai wheat growth stage, meet dry season, precipitation is few, and corn season at a time when rainy season, water resource is sufficient.The moisture that before Wheat Sowing, the soil body is stored is consumed by inaction owing to turning over, and when corn subsides stubble is live, a large amount of runoffs of rainfall in rainy season have been caused again on hard earth's surface, have not only wasted valuable water resource, and have caused the loss of soil and nutrient.
In addition, present more than 60% arable land of Huang-Huai-Hai plain has been realized wheat, maize straw and has all been gone back field, due to corn season stalk amount large, deep ploughing before Wheat Sowing, meticulous whole ground link are especially easily disturbed by a large amount of maize straws, cause the wheat disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling generally to occur, therefore peasant conventionally all can be first by twice of corn straw smashing, deep plough again, rotary tillage, rake, whole ground link is taken a lot of work consuming time very much.
2, wheat, corn variety are arranged in pairs or groups unreasonable.In order to give way to wheat cultivation, in production, peasant household's deflection is selected the morning that yield level is lower, middle cooked maize kind.Cause harvest corn to there is one section of idle periods between wheat cultivation, both wasted light temperature resource, aggravated again the invalid evaporation of soil moisture, the maintenance of soil moisture content while being unfavorable for wheat cultivation.
3, fertilizer utilization is unreasonable, and seed manure for weat applicating ratio is too high.Peasant's common practice is manured into soil a large amount of chemical fertilizer when ploughing soil, but wheat will be through the time of about 200 days (early April in early October to the coming year) from being seeded into jointing, at this moment in the phase wheat always in seedling stage, root system a little less than, overground part poor growth, nutrient demand amount is low, and the nutrient being manured into soil is loss in a large number after the leaching loss of irrigation water and denitrification, has not only increased peasant's production cost but also has caused the height " three nitrogen " of underground drinking water source to pollute.For example, the < < North China groundwater contamination preventing and controlling scheme > > being worked out by Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection can find, there is the phenomenon of organic matter severe contamination in some areas, Huang-Huai-Hai underground water, organic matter mainly refers to ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrous acid." three nitrogen " can infiltrate deep phreatic water main cause and be caused by irrational agricultural production process.This has also proved why peasant applies after 20 kgs/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer more than (pure) at sowing stage of wheat, and late growth stage also there will be the phenomenon of denitrogenation from the negative.
For the problem occurring in above-mentioned background technology, Huang-Huai-Hai wheat of the present invention (no-tillage)-corn (deep ploughing) anniversary grain high-yield culture technique is to make full use of to greatest extent light, temperature, water, fertile resource, increase wheat, corn anniversary grain yield are target, optimize and combine two season crop high-yield culture technique, reach effect of increasing production complementary, comprehensive, balance.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Huang-Huai-Hai wheat no-tillage-the corn anniversary grain high-yield cultivating method of turning over.During the method adopts, multi-spike-type wheat breed no-tillage seeding that precocious tillering ability is strong, during corn variety is selected, late-maturing resistance to close kind, utilize supporting machinery to plough soil meticulous sowing, carry out the technical scheme of weeds and extermination of disease and insect pest work in good time, this technical scheme can effectively improve the utilization ratio of the agricultural production resources such as moisture, light temperature, nutrient, significantly improves Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat, Summer Maize Production system anniversary grain yield level.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Huang-Huai-Hai wheat is no-tillage-the corn anniversary grain high-yield cultivating method of turning over, during wheat breed is selected, Multi spike cultivar no-tillage seeding that precocious tillering ability is strong, during corn variety is selected, late-maturing resistance to close kind, corn selects supporting machinery to plough soil, meticulous sowing before broadcasting, carry out weeds and extermination of disease and insect pest work in good time.
Huang-Huai-Hai of the present invention wheat is no-tillage-the corn anniversary grain high-yield cultivating method of turning over, concrete operation step is as follows: during wheat breed is selected, Multi spike cultivar that precocious tillering ability is strong, during wheat cultivation, select no-tillage seeding machine sowing, Reference cultivars select the table of comparisons select to be applicable to regional nature ecological condition in, Multi spike cultivar that precocious tillering ability is strong, the amount of broadcasting is 10-15 kg/acre; After harvesting wheat, by ploughing depth, at the trench plow of 30 centimetres-50 centimetres, ploughed, and whole ground, rake, by precise seeding machine of corn seeding corn, Reference cultivars select the table of comparisons select breeding time in 110-130 days, late-maturing resistance to close type kind, mu strain numerical control, between 4000-5000 strain, is carried out weeds and extermination of disease and insect pest work in good time;
The variety adoption table of comparisons
| Region | Wheat breed | Corn variety |
| Huang-Huai-Hai east | Jimai 22, river in Shangdong Province agriculture 14, tobacco grower 21 | Zheng Dan 958, dredge single 20, step on sea 605 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai middle part | Short anti-58, all wheats 22, Anhui wheat 52 | Zheng Dan 958, dredge single 20, Zheng Dan 23 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai south | Anhui wheat 53, short anti-58, raise wheat 13 | Zheng Dan 958, Ji single No. 8, calabash shell serving as a dipper jade 16 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai is northern | Handan 6172, stone wheat 19, No. 8, Shijiazhuang, capital winter No. 8 | Honest No. 16, Fu You 16, agriculture happy 988 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai is western | No. 84, Linfen 8050, tobacco grower 19, Shanxi wheat | Shandong list 981, gold sea No. 5, calabash shell serving as a dipper jade 16 |
Described Huang-Huai-Hai east, is specially the middle and south, Hebei, Shandong is whole;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai middle part, is specially the large portion in Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui's North of Huai River area;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai south, is specially areas to the south, Huaihe River, Jiangsu and Anhui, and Southern Shanxi Province;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai is northern, is specially Beijing, Tianjin and Central Region of Hebei Province, Northern Hebei Province;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai is western, is specially Central Shanxi and the southeast, the large portion in Shaanxi.
Wheat cultivation line-spacing is 18-20 centimetre, once sows the capable wheat of 10-12, and the amount of broadcasting is 10-15 kg/acre, seed level 3-5 centimetre.
Kind, fertile in broadcasting during wheat cultivation, N, P
2o
5, K
2o nutrient amount of application is for being respectively 15-20 kg/acre, 3-5 kg/acre and 5-8 kg/acre, and fertilization depth is 7-10 centimetre.
The no-tillage covering combined seed and fertilizer drill sowing of driver plate of selecting Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. to produce during wheat cultivation, model is 2BDPM-12.
The suspension type of being produced by Xintai City gold source machinery Science and Technology Ltd. after harvesting wheat is ploughed deeply plough and is turned over, model is LSX-1-55, and after this tilling depth 30-50 centimetre rakes with the disk harrow that Yucheng the earth Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. produces, model is 1BZ-2.5, the standby corn of broadcasting.
The indent type corn drill that corn is produced by Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. is sowed, and model is 2BY-4.
During corn seeding, kind, fertile in broadcasting, brings nutrient into by sower, N, P
2o
5and K
2o consumption is respectively 15-20 kg/acre, 5-8 kg/acre and 10-12 kg/acre, by seed-fertilizer applying to corn seed side-lower 5-8 centimeters.
Corn growth, in season, imposes pure N10-15 kg/acre in the typhon mouth phase, meets the demand of later growth period to nutrient.
If farmland has irrigation conditions, the standard that crop need to be irrigated be 0-20 cm layer of soil field capacity lower than 70%, field capacity reaches 100% rear end and irrigates.
Huang-Huai-Hai of the present invention wheat is no-tillage-the corn anniversary grain high-yield cultivating method of turning over, concrete steps are as follows: wheat breed Reference cultivars select the table of comparisons select to be applicable to regional nature ecological condition in, Multi spike cultivar that precocious tillering ability is strong, the no-tillage covering combined seed and fertilizer drill sowing of driver plate of selecting Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. to produce during wheat cultivation, model is 2BDPM-12, wheat line-spacing is 18-20 centimetre, once sow the capable wheat of 10-12, the amount of broadcasting is 10-15 kg/acre, seed level 3-5 centimetre; Kind, fertile in broadcasting during sowing, N, P
2o
5, K
2o nutrient amount of application is for being respectively 15-20 kg/acre, 3-5 kg/acre and 5-8 kg/acre, and fertilization depth is 7-10 centimetre; The suspension type of being produced by Xintai City gold source machinery Science and Technology Ltd. after harvesting wheat is ploughed deeply plough and is turned over, model is LSX-1-55, and after this tilling depth 30-50 centimetre rakes with the disk harrow that Yucheng the earth Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. produces, model is 1BZ-2.5, the standby corn of broadcasting;
The indent type corn drill that corn is produced by Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. is sowed, and model is 2BY-4, Reference cultivars select the table of comparisons select breeding time in 110-130 days, late-maturing resistance to close type kind, mu strain numerical control is between 4000-5000 strain; During corn seeding, kind, fertile in broadcasting, brings nutrient into by sower, N, P
2o
5and K
2o consumption is respectively 15-20 kg/acre, 5-8 kg/acre and 10-12 kg/acre, by seed-fertilizer applying to corn seed side-lower 5-8 centimeters; After corn seeding, spray acetamide-group herbicides weeds are carried out to closed soil treatment; In the typhon mouth phase, impose pure N10-15 kg/acre, meet the demand of later growth period to nutrient;
The variety adoption table of comparisons
| Region | Wheat breed | Corn variety |
| Huang-Huai-Hai east | Jimai 22, river in Shangdong Province agriculture 14, tobacco grower 21 | Zheng Dan 958, dredge single 20, step on sea 605 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai middle part | Short anti-58, all wheats 22, Anhui wheat 52 | Zheng Dan 958, dredge single 20, Zheng Dan 23 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai south | Anhui wheat 53, short anti-58, raise wheat 13 | Zheng Dan 958, Ji single No. 8, calabash shell serving as a dipper jade 16 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai is northern | Handan 6172, stone wheat 19, No. 8, Shijiazhuang, capital winter No. 8 | Honest No. 16, Fu You 16, agriculture happy 988 |
| Huang-Huai-Hai is western | No. 84, Linfen 8050, tobacco grower 19, Shanxi wheat | Shandong list 981, gold sea No. 5, calabash shell serving as a dipper jade 16 |
Described Huang-Huai-Hai east, is specially the middle and south, Hebei, Shandong is whole;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai middle part, is specially the large portion in Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui's North of Huai River area;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai south, is specially areas to the south, Huaihe River, Jiangsu and Anhui, and Southern Shanxi Province;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai is northern, is specially Beijing, Tianjin and Central Region of Hebei Province, Northern Hebei Province;
Described Huang-Huai-Hai is western, is specially Central Shanxi and the southeast, the large portion in Shaanxi.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
This anniversary grain high-yield cultivating method can not only significantly promote Huang-Huai-Hai plain anniversary grain yield, and this technology of what is more important also has the effect of larger water saving, saving of labor, province's fertilizer.This is mainly reflected in three key nodes:
1, corn is broadcast the regulating action that soil " reservoir " given full play in front deep ploughing, soil is had under better retaining and moisture and ooze function, the effect of not only having avoided enriching the rainwash loss of precipitation corn season but also having played supplementary deep phreatic water.Lower harvest wheat is carried out no-tillage seeding, not only saved the moisture creating link before Wheat Sowing, and the loss of turning over of having avoided the soil body to store moisture, save and irrigate 1-2 time, can save irrigation water farmland year more than 120 cubic metres for every mu, and wheat yield increases 3.0-8.0% compared with traditional cultivation.
2, the present invention makes full use of the few and thin feature of wheat season stalk amount whole ground link is moved to after wheat harvest, before corn broadcasts, greatly reduced the labour intensity of whole ground link.
3, wheat is moisture in the key constraints of seedling growth, rather than nutrient.Because the Main Climatic feature of China's Huang-Huai-Hai plain is continental monsoon climate, rainfall mainly concentrates on summer (June is to September), and wheat was sowed to results at the beginning of 6 months coming year from the first tenday period of a month in October, mainly in dry season.And the nutrient being manured into soil can long term storage in the situation that there is no moisture drip washing in the soil body, so the disposable input of the nutrient in wheat season can meet nutrient demand.Corn season, precipitation was large at a time when rainy season, and moisture is sufficient.Nutrient deficiency is the critical limitation factor that restriction corn yield further promotes, and the later stage nutrient demand that therefore topdresses to meet corn by typhon mouth is the key of lifting anniversary grain yield.
In a word, cultivation method of the present invention, by changing traditional farming, be accustomed to, not simply the wheat season of traditional mode of production mode is ploughed and moves on to maize cultivated land, but assemble and configure selecting in supporting machinery and kind, by a series of improvement such as common optimum organization of a plurality of links such as sowing, whole ground, nutrient management and irrigation are innovated, make anniversary increases in grain production effect remarkable.Corn makes its C after carrying out and broadcasting front deep ploughing, meticulous whole ground
4the high yield potential of crop has obtained performance effectively, can increase production more than 9.0% compared with the control.Wheat, corn anniversary grain yield increase more than 12.0%.And realized nutrient, moisture in real time, efficiently management as required, anniversary nutrientuse efficiency significantly improves more than 10%.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
2010/2011 year implemented in Zibo City research of agricultural science institute experimental field, there is irrigation conditions in this plot, the wheat breed of participating in the experiment is No. 22, Jimai (by Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy's seed selections), corn variety is that Zheng Dan 958(does institute's seed selection by academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province grain), wheat was sowed by the no-tillage covering combined seed and fertilizer drill of driver plate (2BDPM-12) on October 8th, 2010,18 centimetres of wheat line-spacings, the amount of broadcasting is 15 kgs/acre, 3 centimetres of seed levels.N, P apply fertilizer during sowing
2o
5, K
2o is respectively 15 kgs/acre, 3 kgs/acre and 5 kgs/acre, 7 centimetres of fertilization depths.April 21 coming year irrigation jointing water once, 60 cubic metres/mu of irrigation volumes.And contrast (traditional cultivation mode) experimental field respectively before surviving the winter (November 18), period of seedling establishment (March 6) and shooting stage (April 21) carried out 3 times and irrigated, three irrigation volumes are respectively 50 cubic metres/mu, 70 cubic metres/mu and 60 cubic metres/mu, the standard of need irrigating be 0-20 cm layer of soil field capacity lower than 70%, field capacity reaches 100% rear end and irrigates.In addition, the nutrient management that two tests of wheat season are processed also exists different, anniversary grain high-yield culture technique of the present invention experimental field, 15 kgs/acre of purity nitrogen consumptions, control group traditional planting technology experimental field, 20 kgs/acre of purity nitrogen consumptions.Phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer are identical, are respectively 3 kgs/acre and 5 kgs/acre (pure).
The suspension type of being produced by Xintai City gold source machinery Science and Technology Ltd. after harvesting wheat is ploughed deeply plough and is turned over, and model is LSX-1-55, and after this 30 centimetres of tilling depth rake with the disk harrow that Yucheng the earth Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. produces, and model is 1BZ-2.5, the standby corn of broadcasting; The indent type corn drill that corn is produced by Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. is sowed, model is 2BY-4, adopt two tests of corn season to process all without irrigating, nutrient management is consistent, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium application rate are respectively 30 kgs/acre, 5 kgs/acre and 10 kgs/acre (pure), N nutriment in a fertilizer base manure and the input of topdressing twice, consumption is respectively 20 kgs/acre and 10 kgs/acre.
Result of the test is as follows:
Anniversary grain high-yield culture technique test plot wheat yield of the present invention and output three elements are respectively: mu spike number 46.6 ten thousand, grain number per spike 39,41 grams of thousand kernel weight, 633.36 kilograms of per mu yields, water use efficiency 2.1 kilograms per cubic meter; Traditional planting technology control group wheat yield and output three elements are respectively: mu spike number 45.9 ten thousand, grain number per spike 37.3,39.1 grams of thousand kernel weight, 562.99 kilograms of per mu yields, water use efficiency 1.7 kilograms per cubic meter; Relatively find, new culture technique is in the situation that water use efficiency increases by 23.5%, and can also obtain grain number per spike increases by 5.40%, and thousand kernel weight increases by 5.10%, and output increases by 12.50% effect of increasing production.
Anniversary grain high-yield culture technique test plot corn yield of the present invention and output three elements are respectively: 4420 strains of mu spike number, and grain number per spike 567.3,287.5 grams of thousand kernel weight, 611 kilograms of per mu yields, nitrogenous fertilizer is force of labor 27.9kg/kg wilfully; Traditional planting technology control group corn yield and output three elements are respectively: 3682 strains of mu spike number, and grain number per spike 584,295 grams of thousand kernel weight, 539 kilograms of per mu yields, nitrogenous fertilizer is force of labor 24.3kg/kg wilfully; Relatively find, new culture technique is wilfully force of labor improve 14.8% of nitrogenous fertilizer under meticulous whole ground condition, and mu spike number increases by 20.0%, and output increases by 13.4%.
embodiment 2
2011/2012 year implemented in the tested field of Agriculture in Shandong Province research institute crop investigations, and this experimental field is loam, and wheat, yield levels of maize are respectively 450 kgs/acre and 550 kgs/acre throughout the year.The wheat breed of participating in the experiment is No. 22, Jimai, corn variety is the Institute of agricultural sciences seed selection of Xunxian, Jun Dan20(You Henan Province), the wheat no-tillage covering combined seed and fertilizer drill of driver plate (2BDPM-12) sowing that You Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. produced October 3 in 2011,20 centimetres of wheat line-spacings, the amount of broadcasting is 10 kgs/acre, 5 centimetres of seed levels.N, P apply fertilizer during sowing
2o
5, K
2o is respectively 20 kgs/acre, 5 kgs/acre and 8 kgs/acre, 8 centimetres of fertilization depths.April 16 coming year irrigation jointing water once, 70 cubic metres of irrigation volumes.2 irrigations have been carried out at period of seedling establishment (March 2) and shooting stage (April 18) respectively in contrast (traditional cultivation mode) field, and irrigation quantity is respectively 70 cubic metres and 60 cubic metres, and before irrigating, field capacity is all lower than 70%, and after irrigating, field capacity is 100%.It is consistent that nutrients management is processed in the test of two of wheat seasons, and nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer are respectively 20 kgs/acre, 5 kgs/acre and 8 kgs/acre (pure).
The suspension type of being produced by Xintai City gold source machinery Science and Technology Ltd. after harvesting wheat is ploughed deeply plough and is turned over, and model is LSX-1-55, and after this 50 centimetres of tilling depth rake with the disk harrow that Yucheng the earth Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. produces, and model is 1BZ-2.5, the standby corn of broadcasting; The indent type corn drill that corn is produced by Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. is sowed, model is 2BY-4, adopt two tests of corn season to process all without irrigating, nutrient management is consistent, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium application rate are respectively 30 kgs/acre, 8 kgs/acre and 12 kgs/acre (pure), N nutriment in a fertilizer base manure and the input of topdressing twice, consumption is respectively 15 kgs/acre and 15 kgs/acre.
Result of the test is as follows:
Anniversary grain high-yield culture technique test plot wheat yield of the present invention and output three elements are respectively: mu spike number 48.2 ten thousand, grain number per spike 38,38.1 grams of thousand kernel weight, 593.2 kilograms of per mu yields, water use efficiency 2.15 kilograms per cubic meter; Traditional planting technology control group wheat yield and output three elements are respectively: mu spike number 47.9 ten thousand, grain number per spike 36.1,35.2 grams of thousand kernel weight, 517.4 kilograms of per mu yields, water use efficiency 1.82 kilograms per cubic meter; Relatively find, new culture technique is in the situation that water use efficiency increases by 18.1%, and can also obtain grain number per spike increases by 5.3%, and thousand kernel weight increases by 8.2%, and output increases by 14.7% effect of increasing production.
Anniversary grain high-yield culture technique test plot corn yield of the present invention and output three elements are respectively: 4620 strains of mu spike number, and grain number per spike 512.5,323.4 grams of thousand kernel weight, 650.9 kilograms of per mu yields, nitrogenous fertilizer is force of labor 21.7kg/kg wilfully; Traditional planting technology control group corn yield and output three elements are respectively: 3614 strains of mu spike number, and grain number per spike 533,326.8 grams of thousand kernel weight, 535.1 kilograms of per mu yields, nitrogenous fertilizer is force of labor 17.8kg/kg wilfully; Relatively find, new culture technique is wilfully force of labor improve 21.6% of nitrogenous fertilizer under meticulous whole ground condition, and mu spike number increases by 27.8%, and output increases by 21.6%.
As can be seen here, the present invention not simply ploughs the wheat season of traditional mode of production mode to move on to maize cultivated land, but assemble and configure selecting in supporting machinery and kind, by the common optimum organization to a plurality of links such as sowing, whole ground, nutrient management and irrigations, given full play to wheat no-tillage preservation moisture, corn deep ploughing improves the feature that density is conducive to nutrient management optimization, realized the significantly lifting of Huang-Huai-Hai plain anniversary wheat, corn grain output.
Claims (1)
- Huang-Huai-Hai wheat no-tillage-the corn anniversary grain high-yield cultivating method of turning over, during wheat breed is selected, Multi spike cultivar no-tillage seeding that precocious tillering ability is strong, during corn variety is selected, late-maturing resistance to close kind, corn selects supporting machinery to plough soil, meticulous sowing before broadcasting, carry out weeds and extermination of disease and insect pest work in good time; Concrete steps are as follows: wheat breed Reference cultivars select the table of comparisons select to be applicable to regional nature ecological condition in, Multi spike cultivar that precocious tillering ability is strong, the no-tillage covering combined seed and fertilizer drill sowing of driver plate of selecting Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. to produce during wheat cultivation, model is 2BDPM-12, wheat line-spacing is 18-20 centimetre, once sow the capable wheat of 10-12, the amount of broadcasting is 10-15 kg/acre, seed level 3-5 centimetre; Kind, fertile in broadcasting during sowing, N, P 2o 5, K 2o nutrient amount of application is respectively 15-20 kg/acre, 3-5 kg/acre and 5-8 kg/acre, and fertilization depth is 7-10 centimetre; The suspension type of being produced by Xintai City gold source machinery Science and Technology Ltd. after harvesting wheat is ploughed deeply plough and is turned over, model is LSX-1-55, and after this tilling depth 30-50 centimetre rakes with the disk harrow that Yucheng the earth Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. produces, model is 1BZ-2.5, the standby corn of broadcasting;The indent type corn drill that corn is produced by Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Co., Ltd. is sowed, and model is 2BY-4, Reference cultivars select the table of comparisons select breeding time in 110-130 days, late-maturing resistance to close type kind, mu strain numerical control is between 4000-5000 strain; During corn seeding, kind, fertile in broadcasting, brings nutrient into by sower, N, P 2o 5and K 2o consumption is respectively 15-20 kg/acre, 5-8 kg/acre and 10-12 kg/acre, by seed-fertilizer applying to corn seed side-lower 5-8 centimeters; After corn seeding, spray acetamide-group herbicides weeds are carried out to closed soil treatment; In the typhon mouth phase, impose pure N10-15 kg/acre, meet the demand of later growth period to nutrient;The variety adoption table of comparisonsDescribed Huang-Huai-Hai east, is specially that the middle and south, Hebei, Henan are northern, Shandong is whole;Described Huang-Huai-Hai middle part, is specially the large portion in Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui's North of Huai River area;Described Huang-Huai-Hai south, is specially areas to the south, Huaihe River, Jiangsu and Anhui, and Southern Shanxi Province;Described Huang-Huai-Hai is northern, is specially Beijing, Tianjin and Central Region of Hebei Province, Northern Hebei Province;Described Huang-Huai-Hai is western, is specially Central Shanxi and the southeast, the large portion in Shaanxi.
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| CN111418457B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-11-04 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Simple cultivation method for Huang-Huai-Hai wheat-corn without stubble |
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