CN102845205A - Efficient cultivation method of wheat and corn - Google Patents
Efficient cultivation method of wheat and corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN102845205A CN102845205A CN2012103320021A CN201210332002A CN102845205A CN 102845205 A CN102845205 A CN 102845205A CN 2012103320021 A CN2012103320021 A CN 2012103320021A CN 201210332002 A CN201210332002 A CN 201210332002A CN 102845205 A CN102845205 A CN 102845205A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient cultivation method of wheat and corn. The efficient cultivation method of wheat and corn includes: a, arranging crops for rotation, namely seeding wheat from 26th Oct to 8th Nov, harvesting wheat from late May to early June, seeding corn from 10th June to 20th June, and harvesting corn after 5th Oct; b, cultivating wheat, namely selecting one of Yangmai 15, Yangmai 16, Yangmai 18 and Zhenmai 168 as the appropriate breed; seeding the wheat 9-11kg per mu, and performing field management and control of disease, insect and grass damage till harvesting; and c, cultivating corn, namely selecting one of Zhengdan 958, Jinhai 5, Suyu 24 and Jiangyu 403 as the appropriate breed, seeding by hole sowing, using 2-2.5kg per square mu, reserving 5500-6500 holes per mu, and performing field management and control of disease, insect and grass damage till harvesting. The wheat and corn are allowed to grow in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River fully, and field utilization rate and total crop yield are increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technology, relate to a kind of wheat and the corn efficient cultivation method that can implement at In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.
Background technology
In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River only selects to plant a kind of crop in wheat or the corn traditionally a season, does not take full advantage of the growing period of Different Crop, and the utilization ratio in field is low, and overall crop yield is low.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that providing a kind of can implement at In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, can improve wheat and the corn efficient cultivation method of field utilization ratio, raising overall crop yield.
Wheat of the present invention and corn efficient cultivation method are:
A. crops for rotation arrangement
Wheat sowing in 8 days October 26 to November adopts the tillage free or reducing mode to cultivate, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May; Corn 10--20 in June day is sowed, and adopts the bunch planting way plantation, and October 5 gathered in the crops afterwards;
B. the cultivation of wheat, arable kind be raise wheat 15, raise wheat 16 managers, raise wheat 18, a kind of in the town wheat 168; The amount of broadcasting is 9～11kg/ mu; Carry out the control of field management and disease pest and weed, until results;
C. the cultivation of corn, arable kind is: a kind of in Zheng Dan 958, No. 5, gold sea, No. 24, Su Yu, the river jade 403; Adopt before the sowing and plough or the whole ground of half no-tillage mode, in conjunction with whole every mu of organic fertilizer 1500--2000kg, high-concentration compound fertilizer 35--45kg adopts the whole layer placement of fertilizer method to apply fertilizer; Bunch planting way plantation, every mu of m are adopted in sowing
2Planting consumption is 2-2.5kg, every mu of density 5500--6500 cave; Carry out the control of field management and disease pest and weed, until results.
The present invention takes full advantage of wheat and corn at the growing period of In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, and two kinds of crops can be cultivated in same plot within a year, has greatly improved field utilization ratio and overall crop yield.Through actual experiment in cultivation, every mu of wheat average yield 500kg in same year, corn kernel average yield 450kg, high yield field Per Unit Area Grain Yield surpasses 1000kg,
Embodiment
The embodiment of the inventive method is as follows:
Crops for rotation arrange
Wheat sowing in 8 days October 26 to November adopts the tillage free or reducing mode to cultivate, results at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May; Corn 10--20 in June day is sowed, and adopts the bunch planting way plantation, results before and after October 10.
Wheat
2.1 select breeding
Arable kind has: raise wheat 15, raise wheat 16 managers, raise wheat 18 town wheats 168 etc.Principle according to " ground is a kind of " is selected kind, carries out regional plantation, to guarantee its quality.
2.2 sowing date for early sowing
Proper seeding can take full advantage of the effective temperature light resources before the winter, in strong sprout before the cultivation winter, establishes the high yield basis.Optimum sowing time is 26～November 5 October, can suitably do sth. in advance 2～3 days when making the biscuit wheat cultivation.
Broadcast 2.3 Precision Seeding is even
Suitable colony's starting point is determined in the Precision Seeding specification requirement, and the reduce Basic Seedling is coordinated colony and individual contradiction, coordinates the relation of many fringes and large fringe, and attain high output of wheat is high yield more.Local suitable Basic Seedling is 18～220,000/mu, and the conversion amount of broadcasting is 9～11kg/ mu.Make every effort to that light seeding is even to be broadcast, suitably upper seeding makes great efforts to improve seeding quality.
2.4 change control in good time
Use the paclobutrazol seed dressing and be conducive to promote to tiller, cultivate strong sprout, improve the anti-adversity ability of wheat.General every 1kg seed is with 15% paclobutrazol, 0.8～1g seed dressing best results.If miss the seed dresser meeting, can be before surviving the winter every mu of usefulness 15% paclobutrazol, 40～50g or short strong abundance of water agent spraying, accomplish once to spray even, do not respray, drain spray not.
2.5 the rational application of fertilizer
Yield of wheat 500kg/667m
2Need execute pure N 18～20kg all one's life, and the applicating ratio of general basic seed manure should account for 50～55% of total fertilizer application amount, and account for 15～20% with fertilizer mid-term, and the applicating ratio of jointing booting fertilizer accounts for 25～30%.Base manure is used upper advocating and is used compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, suitably reduces the fertile use of N, improves the fertile consumption of P, K.Advocate energetically also field of full stalk, broadcast rear mulching straw straw, improve the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, strengthen soil moisture conservation and heat effect.Later stage is done the fertile mixed spray of medicine well, is conducive to improve thousand kernel weight, prevents early ageing.
2.5 integrated control disease pest and weed
2.5.1 preventing and kill off of wheat crop smothering: after planting lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil and eliminate with processing soil treatment agent immediately, reduce the weeds radix.Overwintering period can carry out artificial weeding in conjunction with cultivation and banking.Eliminate spring and should select mutually corresponding highy potent herbicide to eliminate according to grass.
2.5.2 the control of wheat scab: wheat scab is meteorological venereal disease evil, and the annual large possibility that occurs is larger.This disease is relied mainly on prevention, and preventing and treating optimum period is the flowering initial stage.Do the fertile mixed spray of medicine well, be conducive to improve preventive effect, prevent early ageing.
2.5.1 wheat sharp eyespot is relative heavier with later stage aphid generation, can take Comprehensive Measures On Prevention And Cure: the one, with medicament is dressed seed, and delays the time of origin of banded sclerotial blight, reducing sickness rate.The 2nd, control field colony improves field microclimate.The 3rd, early anti-banded sclerotial blight is prevented and treated the later stage aphid in good time.Town's wheat 168 powdery mildews morbidity is heavier, needs independent medication control.The 4th, the ditch of doing all one's life well is auxiliary work, guarantees sane growth, improves anti-adversity ability.
Corn
3.1 kind is selected
Being fit to the main good quality and high output kind that I press down plantation is: Zheng Dan 958, No. 5, gold sea, No. 24, Su Yu, river jade 403 etc.
3.2 site preparation and fertilization
Can adopt and plough or the whole ground of half no-tillage mode, in conjunction with whole every 667m
2Organic fertilizer 1500--2000kg, high-concentration compound fertilizer 35--45kg adopts the fertilising of whole layer placement of fertilizer method.Hold field one cover ditch successfully by the wide 2-2.5m of Lun.
3.3 proper seeding
Local main plantation corn in summer, Suitable Sowing Period is 10--20 day in June, strives for early sowing as far as possible.The plantation of employing bunch planting way, general every 667m
2Planting consumption is 2-2.5kg, presses the configuration sowing of 50--60cm*20--25cm, every 667m
2Density 5500--6500 cave.
3.4 broadcast rear management
Between carrying out early after emerging, final singling work, as early as possible between except Cong Miao, in the disposable final singling of 5 leaf phases.Note staying seedling even, stay by force a little less than going, go littlely to stay greatly, prevent or cure a disease that it is strong to stay, can in conjunction with loosening the soil between strain, eliminate weeds during final singling.Be short of seedling if meet, double seedlings can be stayed in both sides.
Early execute seed manure, make the Nitrogen Application ratio of basic seed manure reach 50～60% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount in all one's life, account for 5～10% with fertilizer mid-term, and the later stage is wanted heavy dressing ear manuer, accounts for about 40%, takes off fertilizer such as the discovery of growth later stage, can execute urea 5～10kg with the water benefit and make granulated fertilizer.
Jointing to take out male this one-phase be corn to moisture than tricky time, the typhon mouth phase is the critical period of female fringe Xiao Hua differentiation and development, enters the corn critical period of water need, should note keeping ground moistening, need irrigate through furrow in case of necessity.Take out male loose powder and to reeling off raw silk from cocoons also be corn to moisture tricky time, under-supply such as moisture, can suppress the filigree elongation, postponement is reeled off raw silk from cocoons, and makes female fringe can not normal fertilization solid.Corn is bloomed and is accounted for 50%～55% of the time of infertility, particularly full heading time to the reaction of moisture sensitivity to ripe water requirement.This stage Maize Physiological activity is vigorous, dry-matter accumulation at most, the fastest, need to consume a large amount of moisture, nutrient.At this moment pour water in good time, not only can Accelerate bloom fertilization, reduce bald scarce grain, can promote again the generation of a large amount of aerial roots, to improving maize leaf light and intensity, increase a grain number, grain is heavy, strengthens the corn lodging tolerance, prevents that later stage early ageing from all playing an important role.
3.5 sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control
The corncob phase, primary pest was corn borer, cotton bollworm, two spotted spider mite, aphid, leafhopper etc., and Major Diseases is large and small pinta, should catch optimum period to carry out the medication preventing and controlling.
3.5.1, corn smut
Symptom: corn acrial part in whole vegetative period all can be injured, but outstanding at the tasseling stage Symptoms.The plant various piece can produce knob not of uniform size, and large sick knurl diameter can reach 15 centimetres, and little only reaches 1-2 centimetres.1 layer of shinny film of white of initial stage knurl outsourcing, rear gray, black powder sheds after dry and cracked.Sometimes produce the warty heap of beans size on the blade.Produce the goiter and tumor of cryptomere on the tassel.Other positions then mostly are large-scale knob.
Onset condition and route of transmission: high temperature and drought, nitrogen fertilizer application is too much, and disease easily occurs.With the chlamydospore of germ in soil or the stalk of invalid body and stacking survive the winter.The chlamydospore that survives the winter sprouts and produces microspore, for air-flow, rainwater and insect transmission.Cause harm from plant tender tissue, wound, insect bite intrusion.
Prevention Technique: (1) cultural control.Carry out crop rotation; Grave illness district cultivation disease-resistant variety; Strengthen cultivation management, avoid nitrogenous fertilizer too much, take out male front and back and will guarantee the moisture supply; Early detection sick knurl in field should in time be cut off and be buried, thoroughly removes invalid body after the autumn harvest, ploughs deeply, and can reduce primary source of infection.(2) chemical control.With the 20% triadimefon missible oil seed dressing of grain weight 0.4%, carry out soil and muck processing with bactericide such as carbendazim simultaneously during sowing.The insect pest such as thorough control of maize snout moth's larva in vegetative period.
3.5.2, corn borer
The shape of causing harm: corn borer takes food mesophyll or the moth food does not launch lobus cardiacus, causes floral leaf; Bore the moth cane after the heading, make female fringe impaired development and the underproduction.It is easily broken that wind is met at the channel place, and then the underproduction is more serious.Larva directly eats into the tender grain of the female fringe of food, causes seed damaged, mildew and rot, rotten.
Occurrence condition and route of transmission: in the general large time of hibernating base, field 1 generation ovum amount and killed strain rate are just high.The Overwintering Larvae cold-hartliness is strong, and winter severe cold is little on its impact, and cold spell in spring can postpone Overwintering Larvae and sprout wings.Humidity is the key factor of corn borer variation of quantity.The stalk that Overwintering Larvae flood dragon food is moist or suck rainwater, droplet, obtain just can pupate behind the enough moisture, emergence and normal spawning.Low humidity is pupated, sprouts wings, is laid eggs it and larva survive unfavorable.Survive the winter in host plant stalk, cob or root are spent with high instar larvae, come vernalization pupa, emergence, Adult worms producting eggs in the host plant blade back, hatch into to form behind the larva and cause harm.
Prevention Technique: (1) eliminates the worm source of surviving the winter.Before Overwintering Larvae is sprouted wings, corn, Chinese sorghum etc. there is the worm stalk to make fuel, cuts up with a hay cutter the broken cob of making compost and seal up for safekeeping, be to eliminate Overwintering Larvae, force down the effective measures of worm source radix.(2) chemical control.Adopt " three finger pugil " method to fill with the heart with 3% carbofuran Granules or 1.5% phoxim granule by every mu of 1.5-2 kilograms of consumption in the corn typhon mouth phase, control efficiency is obvious.(3) biological control.Lobus cardiacus spreads fertilizer over the fields beauveria bassiana granular formulation mid-term, and beauveria bassiana spore powder 500 grams that are about to bacteria containing amount and are 50 hundred million-500 hundred million/gram are mixed thoroughly with 5 kilograms of the cinders that sieves, and spread fertilizer over the fields in the corn lobus cardiacus; Put oophagous trichogrammae and control snout moth's larva.Namely when more the larva eclosion rate reaches 20%, establish 5-10 for every mu and put the honeybee point, put the honeybee amount and be 15000-30000 and put the anti-snout moth's larva of honeybee.
3.5.3, mythimna separata
The shape of causing harm: cause harm with larval feeding.Feeding habits are very assorted, especially happiness food gramineous plants.Sting food leaf texture, formation is incised, and occurs often with the blade eat everything up greatly, only remains polished rod, and the wheat head of extraction, corncob also can be bitten broken.When foodstuff lacks, in groups migration, aging after, stop to take food.
Occurrence condition and route of transmission: mythimna separata is liked the condition of warm high humidity, 1 generation mythimna separata move into the phase late May to June, rainfall was on the high side the time, 2 generation mythimna separata will occur greatly.High temperature, low humidity are unfavorable for growing of mythimna separata.Mythimna separata is remote migratory pest.Can not survive the winter in the county, generation adult migrates at a distance and lays eggs to the county in base, initial worm source from the south, two generation armyworm larvae cause and cause harm.
Prevention Technique: (1) chemical control.During the winter wheat harvesting, cause harm to the autumn fields migration for preventing larva, around the corn field of contiguous wheatland, with 2.5% chlorophos powder, spread into 4 cun wide medicine bands and block; Corn field larva before 3 ages with 15-45 g/acres of 20% fenvalerates, to 50 kilograms of sprayings of water, or go out with 5% and to sweep sharp 1000-1500 times of liquid, 1500-2000 times of liquid of 40% flolimat or 2000-2500 times of liquid sprayings of 10% person who has rendered outstanding service control.(2) biological control.The low instar larvae phase with 1-No. 3 200PPM of young urea control armyworm larvae drug effect of going out more than 94.5%, and killed natural enemies not, to Crop securify, consumption is few free from environmental pollution.
3.5.4, corn red spiders
The shape of causing harm: if organize juice to become the mite thorn to inhale the corn blade back, be the chlorosis spot by harm, affect photosynthesis.Cause harm when serious, blade bleaches, withered, and seed is not plump thin, causes the underproduction, Maize Production is caused have a strong impact on.
Occurrence condition and route of transmission: the environmental condition of corn red spiders happiness high temperature low humidity, drought time or Seasonal occurrence are heavier.Survive the winter in crop, weeds rhizosphere or soil seam with female one-tenth mite.The female one-tenth mite that survives the winter does not eat motionless, and cold hardiness is strong.Spring temperature reaches spawning and hatching more than 7-12 ℃, when growing as for mite and becoming mite, is transferred on weeds and the corn and causes harm.Enter the Sheng phase of causing harm 7-August.
Prevention Technique: (1) cultural control.Soil deeptillage will do harm to mite and plough under deep layer; Early spring or after autumn pour water is with the acarid death by suffocation in earth of becoming silted up; Remove weeds in field, reduce evil mite foodstuff and breeding place; Avoid corn and Soybean Intercropping.(2) chemical control.When tetranychid on the weeds of limit, field or limit row corn spot film when occuring, spray the medicine control, spread with non-proliferation.Available 20% Dicofol emulsion, 73% propargite missible oil or 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 5% hexythiazox missible oil control.The medicament of other control wheat red mite also can be used for the control of maize two spotted spider mite.
3.5.5, maize dwarf mosaic
Symptom: many oval chlorisis points between seedling lobus cardiacus base portion thready pulse, occur at first, be arranged in one to multiple desultory dotted line, develop into later on solid line.Disease section continues to enlarge, and forms many yellow cords between thick arteries and veins, is not subjected to the restriction of thick arteries and veins, does irregular expansion, formation flower leaf paresthesia alternate with strong section.Disease section continues to enlarge, and forms many large and small different circular green statins, flavescence, palm fibre, purple or withered.The chlorisis spot appears in the yellow leaf of grave illness strain, leaf sheath, male flower sometimes, and plant is short and small, can not ear, late the heading or shaky.
Onset condition and route of transmission: aphid sucks behind the seedling that grows up to viral weeds with seed culture of viruses i.e. band virus, takes food to strong seedling again, namely virus is passed on corn or other host.Along with the growth of Aphed population and migrate, this disease in the field diffusion, spread, cause repeatedly and infect, easily cause the large tracts of land of corn to be injured.The disease Endemic Area as long as there is the onset environment condition to cooperate the establishing in large scale susceptible variety, very easily makes this disease come into vogue because weeds and seed belt poison rate are high again.When temperature reaches 20-25 ℃, be conducive to aphid migrate and to pass poison movable, many such as poison source, field, aphid is with malicious rate high, is conducive to this disease popular; When temperature reaches 26-29 ℃, this disease there is inhibitory action; The rainfall of long period is migrated to aphid, passes poison unfavorable.
Prevention Technique: (1) plantation disease-resistant variety.(2) weed a garden, reduce pathogeny.(3) anti-eliminating aphis passes poison.The sowing of employing capsuled seed, seedling stage, aphid was controlled in dispenser.
3.6 harvest in proper late
The maturing stage of corn can be divided into milk ripe stage, ripening stage and three periods of full ripening stage.Full ripening stage,, seed reached physiological ripening, and volume is maximum, and dry weight is the highest.This moment is results in good time, can obtain the highest economic flow rate.
The fruit ear of results is the threshing and cleaning warehouse-in after airing.But general Grain water will be lower than 16% ability safe storage.The storage storehouse should dry ventilate, and running check, prevents from damaging by worms, the plague of rats and going mouldy.
Claims (1)
1. a grow wheat and corn efficient cultivation method is characterized in that:
A. crops for rotation arrangement
Wheat sowing in 8 days October 26 to November adopts the tillage free or reducing mode to cultivate, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May; The bunch planting way plantation is adopted in corn 10--in June sowing on the 20th, and October 5 gathered in the crops afterwards;
B. the cultivation of wheat, arable kind be raise wheat 15, raise wheat 16 managers, raise wheat 18, a kind of in the town wheat 168; The amount of broadcasting is 9～11 ㎏/mus; Carry out the control of field management and disease pest and weed, until results;
C. the cultivation of corn, arable kind is: a kind of in Zheng Dan 958, No. 5, gold sea, No. 24, Su Yu, the river jade 403; Adopt before the sowing and plough or the whole ground of half no-tillage mode, in conjunction with whole every mu of organic fertilizer 1500--2000 ㎏, high-concentration compound fertilizer 35--45 ㎏ adopts the whole layer placement of fertilizer method to apply fertilizer; The bunch planting way plantation is adopted in sowing, and Mei Mu ㎡ kind consumption is 2-2.5 ㎏, every mu of density 5500--6500 cave; Carry out the control of field management and disease pest and weed, until results.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103392471A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-20 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat tilling-free maize-tilling one-year grain high-yield cultivation method |
| CN106358738A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-01 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | Multiple-cropping mode of cow roughage triticale-zea mexicana and application of multiple-cropping mode |
| CN106416648A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-02-22 | 田雨信 | Method for marginal superiority crop planting |
| CN107079697A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-22 | 河南农业大学 | The Yellow River and Huai He River area sunlight-heat reaources rationally utilize the double early double evening sequential cropping cultivation methods of wheat and corn |
| CN109156289A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-01-08 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of Disposition in field structure method of wheat-corn high yield |
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| CN103392471A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-20 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat tilling-free maize-tilling one-year grain high-yield cultivation method |
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| CN106358738A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-01 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | Multiple-cropping mode of cow roughage triticale-zea mexicana and application of multiple-cropping mode |
| CN106358738B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2020-02-14 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | Compound breeding mode of coarse fodder triticale of dairy cows and maize in Mexico and application of compound breeding mode |
| CN107079697A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-22 | 河南农业大学 | The Yellow River and Huai He River area sunlight-heat reaources rationally utilize the double early double evening sequential cropping cultivation methods of wheat and corn |
| CN109156289A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-01-08 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of Disposition in field structure method of wheat-corn high yield |
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Application publication date: 20130102 |