CN103355092A - Healthy cowpea cultivating method based on disease, pest and pollution prevention and control - Google Patents
Healthy cowpea cultivating method based on disease, pest and pollution prevention and control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a healthy cowpea cultivating method based on disease, pest and pollution prevention and control. According to a traditional cowpea cultivating method, diseases and pests occur easily, and to prevent the diseases and pests, vegetable growers often use pesticides blindly, and then excessive pesticide residues and the edible safety problem are caused. According to the healthy cowpea cultivating method based on disease, pest and pollution prevention and control, technical measures such as cultivation environment hazard-free treatment, cultivation measure rationalization, pest control, pollution prevention during harvesting, storing and transportation are adopted, and scientific management is carried out on the whole course of cowpea cultivation; especially for disease and pest prevention and control, the principle of focusing on prevention is highlighted, disease and pest prevention and control are carried out from the selection of a cultivating field to harvest throughout, and physical treatment, biological drug treatment and chemical drug treatment are carried out in sequence. A pesticide residue detection result shows that the product cultivated with the method is free of residual pesticide, the pollution-free standard is met, the commodity rate reaches above 95%, and the wormy rate is below 5%.
Description
Technical field
The cowpea Healthy culture method that is based on disease worm and pollution prevention that the present invention relates to belongs to the vegetable growing technical field.
Background technology
Cowpea belongs to the pulse family therophytes, containing much starch, fat oil, protein, nicotinic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C in the beanpod, is a kind of nutritious vegetables, mainly originates in the torrid zone, subtropics and Temperate Region in China, take the spring and summer cultivation as main, secondly be autumn culture generally.Exactly because cowpea grows in the damp and hot environment of high temperature, traditional cultivation method especially easily brings out damage by disease and insect, common Major Diseases has rust, powdery mildew, mould sooty mould, bacterial epidemic disease etc., Major Pests has lima bean pod borer, thrips, Americal rice leaf miner etc., wherein, dry year, day and night temperature are greatly or how the moist environment powdery mildew morbidity of dew weighs; Hot and humid environment is conducive to mould sooty mould and occurs; The plot rust morbidity of warm high humidity, growth foggy rainy and low-lying ponding of later stage, improper ventilation is heavy; Americal rice leaf miner is eaten into potential food mesophyll in the blade of cowpea with larva, form full of twists and turns canescence tunnel; Lima bean pod borer eats in bud and the beanpod with larva causes harm; Thrips often hides in the overlapping of tender shoots, pistil, petal, inhales the juice of tender leaf, tender stem, flower and beanpod with adult or nymph thorn, has very strong disguise, has all caused the difficulty of medication control.These damage by disease and insect jeopardize seedling, rattan, leaf, flower and the beanpod of cowpea, causing the underproduction to lose receives, in order to prevent these sick worm harm, the vegetable grower usually blindly uses agricultural chemicals acephatemet, parathion, parathion-methyl, carbofuran, omethoate, sumicidin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, Hostathion, orthene and triazolone etc., move towards that another is extreme, cause the cowpea residue of pesticide to exceed standard, the edible safety problem of vegetables occurred, look becomes to such an extent as to people talk cowpea, dare not relievedly eat.Therefore, study a kind of cowpea Healthy culture method, from the growing environment to the field cultivation, plant protection manages, prevents and cures diseases, worm is controlled in insect protected, Pesticide administration and supervision, innoxious control be until the processes such as results storing are carried out the management of omnidistance science, detect index, do not exceed standard in strict conformity with hygienic quality for the cowpea product, reach the non-harmful product supply market, the content of residuals is controlled at the nontoxic degree of human body, guarantee the consumer healthy be necessary, also be very significant.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of cowpea Healthy culture method based on sick worm and pollution prevention, creation is conducive to the normal fertility of cowpea and is unfavorable for the technical measures of the planting environment condition that the disease worm is caused harm, effectively improve the cowpea bearing status, make the robust plant growth, strengthen self resistance, from being seeded into the omnidistance science control of results, reduce harmful substance and pollute, control cowpea product residue of pesticide do not exceed standard, and guarantee cowpea high grade producing and edible safety.Solve the existing damage by disease and insect harm of traditional cowpea cultivation method serious, the product persticide residue exceeds standard, and causes the problem of food security.
Above-mentioned technical problem solves by the following technical programs, and the cowpea Healthy culture method based on sick worm and pollution prevention comprises following concrete steps:
(1) planting environment is innoxious:
(1-1) planting soil is selected: the plot of selection plantation cowpea and soil on every side thereof, atmosphere, water body can not be polluted, every Indices of Ecological must meet pollution-free vegetable and produce the home environment requirement, should be good at ecological condition, away from pollution source, and the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity, on the sunny side, that physical features is smooth, draining is good, soil layer is deep and the soil is porous is fertile, the plot plantation cowpea of loam or sandy loam; Spread fertilizer over the fields lime adjustment pH value and reach 6.2-7.0;
(1-2) crop efficent rotation: will carry out the crop rotation of rice field-upland field rotation inclusive NAND legume to plantation cowpea field, reduce worm source and infectious disease primary source of infection, damage by disease and insect occur serious plot will with non-legume crop rotation more than 2 years, carry out the rice field-upland field rotation mode; In the Americal rice leaf miner serious area of causing harm, not with the solanaceous vegetables of Americal rice leaf miner hobby, other vegetable continuous cropping such as melon;
(1-3) irrigate deinsectization: behind the first crop crop harvesting, in time plough deeply and deep plough and poured water waterlogged plot 5-7 days, eliminate the pupa of the insects such as liriomyza bryoniae and lima bean pod borer, force down and occur as insect mouth radix;
(1-4) rural area cleaning: sick worm majority survives the winter in stubble, fallen leaves, weeds or the soil in rural area, summer or perch more, therefore, should in time the residual branch in field be lost leaf, weeds and mulch film etc. after the end of gathering cleans out, concentrate and carry out harmless treatment, keep the rural area cleaning, to reduce disease worm source, simultaneously, also to kill field periphery worm source; Prevent that the disease such as rust infects and the insect such as lima bean pod borer shifts and causes harm, reduce disease worm radix, and increase cowpea field ventilation and penetrating light degree, the probability that the disease worm is caused harm alleviated;
(2) cultivation step rationalizes:
(2-1) select anti-(anti-) sick worm breeding: for main diseases worm control object, select the kind of the many disease and insect resistances of high resistance, require seed plumpness to want high, it is high that germination rate and germination vigor are wanted, for laying the first stone the strong sprout of cultivating strong stress resistance;
(2-2) begin sowing in good time: spring and summer cultivation sowing optimum period, should be stabilized in more than 10 ℃ with average daily temperature, with preventing low-temperature cold damage, impact is germinateed and growth of seedling, select late Febuary in spring to early March, or adopt film to cover little shed spring of growing seedlings and cultivate ahead of time cowpea, do sth. in advance the 14-16d sowing than open field live broadcast, namely sow to the middle ten days in early Febuary;
(2-3) weed control: after planting seed earthing 3-4cm is thick, then in 3d every mu of kind value field with 95% gold medal all you EC60-80ml be watered 60-70kg furrow face spraying management of weeds;
(2-4) covering protection facility:
(2-4-1) build little shed cover film: spring is when doing sth. in advance direct sowing culture, after planting build little shed with little bamboo chip and covered with plastic film heats and heat and moisture preserving, make the interior temperature of little shed keep 20-25 ℃, humidity maintains 65-75%, little shed bamboo chip interval 60-70cm, to take off film reducing temperature and humidity, ventilation and hardening when seedling stage, temperature was higher than 30 ℃, prevent the hot and humid excessive growth of seedling; When cowpea is climing when growing to 20-25cm, when outside air temperature surpasses 20 ℃, to reduce the speed of 30-50% coating ratio every day, remove gradually the film that little shed covers, prevent from removing excessive velocities and make plant because dehydration is wilting suddenly;
(2-4-2) covering with plastic film: covered with plastic film heat and moisture preserving on the furrow face, the rear timely rupture of membranes of emerging draws seedling, specifically drawing seedling-growing method is to aim at cowpea seedling mulch film is torn an osculum, then carefully young plant is drawn, then the seedling that fractures when preventing from drawing seedling seals heat and moisture preserving with fine earth with the opening part of mulch film;
(2-4-3) fly net is set: the order number that high 2-2.5m is set around cowpea plantation field is 20-32 purpose fly net, with other field isolation, reduces various insect pest migrations and causes harm;
(2-4-4) do fertilizing management well: open dressing furrow in furrow ditch central authorities before the plantation and apply base manure, every mu of high-quality fertilizer 1400-1600kg that executes fully to become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 25-30kg, superphosphate 45-55kg, make cowpea that sufficient nutrition be arranged in earlier stage, lay a good foundation for promoting to grow the time of infertility; After cowpea is bloomed and born pods, increase fertilizer, water, prevent fallen flowers, the pod that falls, every mu of sealing fertilizer 20-30kg executes once every 10-12d, with the Accelerate bloom result, keeps the cauline leaf growth vigorous, the fertile early ageing of anti-anti-avulsion;
(2-4-5) regulation and control soil moisture: cowpea will be controlled soil moisture seedling stage, and soil moisture content is maintained between the 60-70%, anti-cauline leaf excessive growth; The pod bearing period of blooming, need water more, should keep soil moisture content to keep between the 70-80%, prevents that overdrying is excessively wet; Meet high temperature and drought, fill with horse race water or water and make ground moistening, meet rain and should get rid of field ponding, in order to avoid mashed root, fallen flowers fallen leaves and infectious disease occurs;
(2-4-6) improve the field permeability:
(2-4-6-1) rational close planting: adopt the high furrow plantation of zanjon, the wide 130-150cm of furrow, the every drill seeding 2 row, line-spacing 60-65cm, spacing in the rows is 25-27cm approximately, and every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain is broadcast 3500-4000 caves for every mu, the every mu of dried seed kind of usefulness amount 2.0-2.2kg;
(2-4-6-2) built draws climing: be material with little bamboo bar, insert and be barricaded as " people " font frame, shade mutually and be convenient to and gather to reduce the cowpea cissoid, frame height 200-220cm, little bamboo bar cuttage position is apart from cowpea plant base portion 10-15cm, and every cave is inserted one, dark 15-20cm, per two intersect, and put pole and tighten up from the frame middle and upper part infall that intersects in twos, and frame is built and wanted firmly, climing to prevent, when climing long 30cm, in time draw climing addedly, make the climing even distribution of stem, prevent mutual winding, draw climing added will carrying out in fine afternoon, morning or rainy day are climing shortly past drawing, in case tender stem fractures;
(2-4-6-3) rationally training: training is to reduce nutrient consumption, improves the effective measures of ventilation and penetrating light condition, and the lateral bud of following each the joint position of main climing the first inflorescence is removed without exception, and main climing sturdy to guarantee, main climing inflorescence prematurity bears pods; The above axil of the first inflorescence is given birth to small and weak leaf bud and is all extractd, and promotes the growth of flower bud with the joint position; Side shoot on above each the joint position of main climing the 1st inflorescence stays the pinching of 1-3 leaf, keeps the inflorescence on the side shoot, increases the position of bearing pods; Pinching is bound during main climing length to 200-220cm, the side shoot of top germinating stays a leaf pinching, with the control plant height, inhibition is nourished and grown, also be beneficial to and improve plant overdraught printing opacity condition and pluck beanpod, the later stage plant senesecence that bears pods is in time plucked sick leaf, worm leaf roll, Lao Ye and the Huang Ye of bottom, to improve plant bottom ventilation and penetrating light condition, reduce the disease worm radix of causing harm;
(3) lure worm control evil:
(3-1) frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is set: hang the adults such as multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping lima bean pod borer in the cowpea field, during use trapping lamp hung on object firmly, then be placed on cowpea Tanaka, the pendant lamp height is 1.3-1.5 m to connect the insect population distance to the ground, effective prevention and control area of a frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is 3ha, every day, lighting time was 20 up to 5 o'clock mornings of next day, filled lamp in mid-April, removed lamp October;
(3-2) hang the gyplure trapping: utilize lima bean pod borer sex pheromone trapping lima bean pod borer, the lima bean pod borer adult raise fly before, lure core and supporting trapper to hang on the field lima bean pod borer sex pheromone, exceed cowpea colony top 10-15cm place, place 3-5 cover gyplure killing trapping devices, and be the checkerboard type suspension for every mu;
(3-3) Yellow sticky trap trapping: every mu of suspension 60-70 opens Yellow sticky trap in the cowpea field, and suspension height is 60-100cm, the insects such as trapping Liriomyza, aphid, thrips;
(3-4) apply biopesticide: the applying biological preparation is prevented and treated the cowpea damage by disease and insect, reduces to greatest extent consumption and the number of times of chemical pesticide, with every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg sprays 500 times of liquid of nuclear polyhedrosis virus, or 3000 times of liquid of 1% emamectin-benzoate, can effectively prevent and treat lima bean pod borer etc. and cause harm; With every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg sprays 2000 times of liquid of 1.8% Avermectin or 1000 times of liquid of 5% pyrethrin, can effectively prevent and treat the insects such as liriomyza bryoniae, thrips, aphid, mite class; With every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg sprays 200 times of liquid of 2% Astromicin, can effectively prevent and treat asparagus bean rust and powdery mildew;
(3-5) rationally use agricultural chemicals: according to agricultural sector's damage by disease and insect genesis prediction, get hold of in disease their early stage and pest control optimum period, science is selected biopesticide or efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide is prevented and treated, advocate counterpart, in right amount, alternate wheel is used medicine instead, the rational use of medicines, use agricultural chemicals in strict accordance with safety interval, accomplish nuisanceless medication, select 5% Rynaxypyr SC1000 times liquid, 500 times of liquid of nucleopolyhedrosis virus (2,000,000,000 unit), 15% indoxacarb SC1200 times liquid, 1% emamectin-benzoate EC3000 times liquid etc. is used alternatingly spraying control lima bean pod borer, since the early flowering season spray medicine first time, spray 1 time later on each every 667m every 5-8d
2The spraying liquid amount is 40-60kg, until the florescence finishes substantially; With 1000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid WP, 1500 times of liquid of 25% pymetrozine, 25% Diacloden WG4000 doubly, 10% Nitenpyram AS3000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg is used alternatingly spraying, control Americal rice leaf miner, thrips, Americal rice leaf miner begins medication the large generation of ovum hatching peak phase larva early stage, thrips at initial bloom stage when every strain cowpea insect density reaches 3-5,5-7 d sprays once, continuous 3 times, select and to kill to get 3,000 extraordinarily DP1000 times of liquid of the Sheng Shi of Du Pont (Flusilazole+carbendazim), 50% procymidone WP1000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine spraying that sprays 40-60kg prevents and treats sooty mould; Select 10% Difenoconazole WG1000-1500 times liquid, SC300 times of liquid of sulphur more than 50%, with each every 667m
2Spray amount of liquid medicine spraying control rust and the powdery mildew of 40-60kg; Can kill to get 3,000 times of liquid, AS300 times of liquid of 14% network ammonia copper with Du Pont, with every 667m
2Spray the amount of liquid medicine spraying control bacterial epidemic disease of 40-60kg, the cowpea diseases such as control rust, powdery mildew, sooty mould, bacterial epidemic disease will begin to spray medicine from their early stage, after this every 7-10 d spray 1 time, medication 2-3 times;
(4) the results storing is anti-pollution:
(4-1) results: full at beanpod, when seed had just appeared, the tender pod of gathering will in time pluck insect pest pod, lopsided pod and sick pod when gathering the commodity pod, to reduce nutrient loss, improved output and commodity rate.
(4-2) packing, transportation: in 2-3 hour, in time pack, transport after the cowpea results, packing container should be firm, inside and outside wall is smooth, keeps dry, cleaning, pollution-free, and is with light packs during transportation, gently unload, be strictly on guard against mechanical damage, means of transport is wanted sanitation and hygiene, pollution-free, no-sundries, will first cowpea be soaked frozen water before the long-distance transport entrucking and be cooled to 5-7 ℃, then just loads onto haulage vehicle, prevent that high temperature from going rotten, and takes safe sun-rain-shading measure to be strictly on guard against in transit Exposure to Sunlight, to drench with rain;
(4-3) store: the cowpea short should be by kind, specification difference pile, and the heat radiation spacing is 20-30 centimetre, and the reserve temperature of cowpea is 5-7 ℃, relative air humidity 85%-90%.
Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, omnidistance scientific management is carried out in the cultivation of cowpea, especially insect protected control worm and prevent and cure diseases aspect, given prominence to the principle of relying mainly on prevention, from selecting the cultivation field to begin to end to results, pre-preventing disease and pest is carried first physical control throughout, secondly bio-pharmaceutical control is only the chemicals control again.Cowpea with the inventive method cultivation, according to " notice of catalogue detects in general office of the Ministry of Agriculture about printing and distributing the 37 class non-polluted farm products such as solanaceous vegetables " (farming is done matter [2012] No. 8) regulation, cowpea product hygienic quality detects index, comprises acephatemet, parathion, parathion-methyl, carbofuran, omethoate, sumicidin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, Hostathion, orthene, triazolone, lead, cadmium.As existing the detection index limits excessive in the fruit product, health had very large threat.The product of the present invention's cultivation all detects the cowpea of gathering with environment on the same day for These parameters, and testing result all is that nonpersistent pesticide detects, and reaches nuisanceless standard, and commodity rate reaches more than 95%, and the wormed fruit rate is below 5%, and accumulative total is applied 15048hm
2, 667m
2Increase cowpea 175-187 kilogram, 667m
2Volume increase value 632-670 unit, and because of fine quality with cowpea listing morning, the product of the present invention's cultivation, cowpea market price per kilogram improves 0.5-0.7 unit, has obtained significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) planting environment is innoxious:
(1-1) planting soil is selected: the plot of selection plantation cowpea and soil on every side thereof, atmosphere, water body can not be polluted, every Indices of Ecological must meet pollution-free vegetable and produce the home environment requirement, should be good at ecological condition, away from pollution source, and the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity, on the sunny side, the loam plot of physical features is smooth, draining is good, soil layer is deep and the soil is porous fertile pH value 6.2 plants cowpea;
(1-2) crop efficent rotation: selected plantation cowpea field has been carried out the crop rotation of rice field-upland field rotation inclusive NAND legume, not with the solanaceous vegetables of Americal rice leaf miner hobby, other vegetable continuous cropping such as melon;
(1-3) irrigate deinsectization: behind the first crop crop harvesting, in time plough deeply deep ploughing and the waterlogged plot 5 days of pouring water, eliminate the pupa of the insects such as liriomyza bryoniae and lima bean pod borer, force down and occur as insect mouth radix;
(1-4) rural area cleaning: the residual branch in field is lost leaf, weeds and mulch film etc. clean out, concentrate and carry out harmless treatment, keep the rural area cleaning, to reduce disease worm source, simultaneously, kill field periphery worm source in the mode of removing and destroying insect host plant weeds;
(2) cultivation step rationalizes:
(2-1) select anti-(anti-) sick worm breeding: choose U.S. No. 6 fresh kidney beans of Shan or the cultivation of marshal's fresh kidney beans, selected seed plumpness is high, and germination rate and germination vigor are high, for laying the first stone the strong sprout of cultivating strong stress resistance;
(2-2) begin sowing in good time: select late Febuary in spring to early March to sow;
(2-3) weed control: after planting seed earthing 3-4cm is thick, then in 3d every mu of kind value field with 95% gold medal all you EC60ml be watered 60kg furrow face spraying management of weeds;
(2-4) covering protection facility:
(2-4-1) build little shed cover film: after planting build little shed with little bamboo chip and covered with plastic film heats and heat and moisture preserving, make the interior temperature of little shed keep 20-25 ℃, humidity maintains 65-75%, little shed bamboo chip interval 60-70cm, take off film reducing temperature and humidity, ventilation and hardening seedling stage when temperature is higher than 30 ℃, prevent the hot and humid excessive growth of seedling; When cowpea is climing when growing to 20-25cm, when outside air temperature surpasses 20 ℃, to reduce the speed of 30-50 % coating ratio every day, remove gradually the film that little shed covers, prevent from removing excessive velocities and make plant because dehydration is wilting suddenly;
(2-4-2) covering with plastic film: covered with plastic film heat and moisture preserving on the furrow face, the rear timely rupture of membranes of emerging draws seedling, specifically drawing seedling-growing method is to aim at cowpea seedling mulch film is torn an osculum, then carefully young plant is drawn, the seedling that fractures when preventing from drawing seedling is sealed heat and moisture preserving with fine earth with the opening part of mulch film;
(2-4-3) fly net is set: the order number that high 2-2.5m is set around cowpea plantation field is 20-32 purpose fly net, with other field isolation, reduces various insect pest migrations and causes harm;
(2-4-4) do fertilizing management well: open dressing furrow in furrow ditch central authorities before the plantation and apply base manure, every mu of high-quality fertilizer 1400kg that executes fully to become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 25kg, superphosphate 45kg, make cowpea that sufficient nutrition be arranged in earlier stage, lay a good foundation for promoting to grow the time of infertility; After cowpea is bloomed and born pods, increase fertilizer, water, prevent fallen flowers, the pod that falls, every mu of sealing fertilizer 20kg executes once every 10d, with the Accelerate bloom result, keeps the cauline leaf growth vigorous, the fertile early ageing of anti-anti-avulsion;
(2-4-5) regulation and control soil moisture: seedling stage controlled soil moisture by cowpea, and soil moisture content is maintained between the 60-70%, anti-cauline leaf excessive growth; The pod bearing period of blooming, need water more, keeps soil moisture content to keep between the 70-80%, prevents that overdrying is excessively wet;
(2-4-6) improve the field permeability:
(2-4-6-1) rational close planting: adopt the high furrow plantation of zanjon, the wide 130-150cm of furrow, the every drill seeding 2 row, line-spacing 60-65cm, spacing in the rows 25-27cm, every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain is broadcast 3500 caves for every mu, the every mu of dried seed kind of usefulness amount 2.0kg;
(2-4-6-2) built draws climing: be material with little bamboo bar, insert and be barricaded as " people " font frame, shade mutually and be convenient to and gather to reduce the cowpea cissoid, frame height 200-220cm, little bamboo bar cuttage position is apart from cowpea plant base portion 10-15cm, and every cave is inserted one, dark 15-20cm, per two intersect, and put pole and tighten up from the frame middle and upper part infall that intersects in twos, and frame is built and wanted firmly, climing to prevent, when climing long 30cm, in time draw climing addedly, make the climing even distribution of stem, prevent mutual winding, draw climing addedly carry out in fine afternoon, morning or rainy day are climing shortly past drawing, in case tender stem fractures;
(2-4-6-3) rationally training: training is to reduce nutrient consumption, improves the effective measures of ventilation and penetrating light condition, and the lateral bud of following each the joint position of main climing the first inflorescence is removed without exception, and main climing sturdy to guarantee, main climing inflorescence prematurity bears pods; The above axil of the first inflorescence is given birth to small and weak leaf bud and is all extractd, and promotes the growth of flower bud with the joint position; Side shoot on above each the joint position of main climing the 1st inflorescence stays the pinching of 1-3 leaf, keeps the inflorescence on the side shoot, increases the position of bearing pods; Pinching is bound during main climing length to 200-220cm, the side shoot of top germinating stays a leaf pinching, with the control plant height, inhibition is nourished and grown, also be beneficial to and improve plant overdraught printing opacity condition and pluck beanpod, the later stage plant senesecence that bears pods is plucked sick leaf, worm leaf roll, Lao Ye and the Huang Ye of bottom, to improve plant bottom ventilation and penetrating light condition, reduce the disease worm radix of causing harm;
(3) lure worm control evil:
(3-1) frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is set: hang the adults such as good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping lima bean pod borer in the cowpea field, the pendant lamp height is 1.3m to connect the insect population distance to the ground, every day, lighting time was 20 up to 5 o'clock mornings of next day, filled lamp in mid-April, removed lamp October;
(3-2) hang the gyplure trapping: utilize lima bean pod borer sex pheromone trapping lima bean pod borer, the lima bean pod borer adult raise fly before, lure core and supporting trapper to hang on the field lima bean pod borer sex pheromone, exceed cowpea colony top 10-15cm place, place 3-5 cover gyplure killing trapping devices, and be the checkerboard type suspension for every mu;
(3-3) Yellow sticky trap trapping: every mu is hung 60 Yellow sticky traps in the cowpea field, and suspension height is 60cm, the insects such as trapping Liriomyza, aphid, thrips;
(3-4) apply biopesticide: with every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 40kg liquid sprays 500 times of liquid of nuclear polyhedrosis virus or 3000 times of liquid of 1% emamectin-benzoate, and control lima bean pod borer etc. is caused harm; With every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 40kg liquid sprays 2000 times of liquid of 1.8% Avermectin or 1000 times of liquid of 5% pyrethrin, the insects such as control liriomyza bryoniae, thrips, aphid, mite class; With every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 40kg liquid sprays 200 times of liquid of 2% Astromicin, control asparagus bean rust and powdery mildew;
(3-5) rationally use agricultural chemicals: select 5% Rynaxypyr SC1000 times liquid, 500 times of liquid of nucleopolyhedrosis virus (2,000,000,000 unit), 15% indoxacarb SC1200 times liquid, 1% emamectin-benzoate EC3000 times liquid to be used alternatingly spraying control lima bean pod borer, since the early flowering season spray medicine first time, spray 1 time later on each every 667m every 5-8d
2The spraying liquid amount is 40kg, until the florescence finishes substantially; With 1000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid WP, 1500 times of liquid of 25% pymetrozine, 25% Diacloden WG4000 doubly, 10% Nitenpyram AS3000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 40kg liquid sprays and is used alternatingly spraying control Americal rice leaf miner, thrips, Americal rice leaf miner begins medication the large generation of ovum hatching peak phase larva early stage, thrips at initial bloom stage when every strain cowpea insect density reaches 3-5,5-7 d sprays once, continuous 3 times, select and to kill to get 3,000 extraordinarily DP1000 times of liquid of the Sheng Shi of Du Pont (Flusilazole+carbendazim), 50% procymidone WP1000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2The amount spraying that sprays the 40kg liquid prevents and treats sooty mould; Select 10% Difenoconazole WG1000-1500 times liquid, SC300 times of liquid of sulphur more than 50%, with each every 667m
2Spray amount spraying control rust and the powdery mildew of 40kg liquid; Can kill to get 3,000 times of liquid, AS300 times of liquid of 14% network ammonia copper with Du Pont, with each every 667m
2Spray the amount spraying control bacterial epidemic disease of 40kg liquid, the cowpea diseases such as control rust, powdery mildew, sooty mould, bacterial epidemic disease will begin to spray medicine from their early stage, after this every 7d spray 1 time, medication 2-3 times;
(4) the results storing is anti-pollution:
(4-1) results: full at beanpod, when seed had just appeared, the tender pod of gathering plucked insect pest pod, lopsided pod and sick pod, to reduce nutrient loss, improved output and commodity rate.
(4-2) packing, transportation: in 2-3 hour, in time pack, transport after the cowpea results, packing container should be firm, inside and outside wall is smooth, keeps dry, cleaning, pollution-free, and is with light packs during transportation, gently unload, be strictly on guard against mechanical damage, means of transport is wanted sanitation and hygiene, pollution-free, no-sundries, will first cowpea be soaked frozen water before the long-distance transport entrucking and be cooled to 5-7 ℃, then just loads onto haulage vehicle, prevent that high temperature from going rotten, and takes safe sun-rain-shading measure to be strictly on guard against in transit Exposure to Sunlight, to drench with rain;
(4-3) store: the cowpea short should be by kind, specification difference pile, and the heat radiation spacing is 20-30 centimetre, and the reserve temperature of cowpea is 5-7 ℃, relative air humidity 85%-90%.
Embodiment 2
(1) planting environment is innoxious:
(1-1) planting soil is selected: except " selecting the loam plot plantation cowpea of pH value 7.0 ", all the other measures are identical with embodiment 1;
(1-2) crop efficent rotation: identical with embodiment 1;
(1-3) irrigate deinsectization: behind the first crop crop harvesting, in time plough deeply deep ploughing and the waterlogged plot 7 days of pouring water, eliminate the pupa of the insects such as liriomyza bryoniae and lima bean pod borer, force down and occur as insect mouth radix;
(1-4) rural area cleaning: identical with embodiment 1;
(2) cultivation step rationalizes:
(2-1) select anti-(anti-) sick worm breeding: choose No. 6 fresh kidney beans of Gui Feng, the cultivation of consummate fresh kidney beans, selected seed plumpness is high, and germination rate and germination vigor are high, for laying the first stone the strong sprout of cultivating strong stress resistance;
(2-2) begin sowing in good time: select late Febuary in spring to early March to sow;
(2-3) weed control: after planting seed earthing 3-4cm is thick, then in 3d every mu of kind value field with 95% gold medal all you EC80ml be watered 70kg furrow face spraying management of weeds;
(2-4) covering protection facility:
(2-4-1) build little shed cover film: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-2) covering with plastic film: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-3) fly net is set: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-4) do fertilizing management well: open dressing furrow in furrow ditch central authorities before the plantation and apply base manure, every mu of high-quality fertilizer 1600kg that executes fully to become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30kg, superphosphate 55kg, make cowpea that sufficient nutrition be arranged in earlier stage, lay a good foundation for promoting to grow the time of infertility; After cowpea is bloomed and born pods, increase fertilizer, water, prevent fallen flowers, the pod that falls, every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg executes once every 12d, with the Accelerate bloom result, keeps the cauline leaf growth vigorous, the fertile early ageing of anti-anti-avulsion;
(2-4-5) regulation and control soil moisture: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-6) improve the field permeability:
(2-4-6-1) rational close planting: adopt the high furrow plantation of zanjon, the wide 130-150cm of furrow, the every drill seeding 2 row, line-spacing 60-65cm, spacing in the rows 25-27cm, every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain is broadcast 4000 caves for every mu, the every mu of dried seed kind of usefulness amount 2.2kg;
(2-4-6-2) built draws climing: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-6-3) rationally training: identical with embodiment 1;
(3) lure worm control evil:
(3-1) frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is set: hang the adults such as good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping lima bean pod borer in the cowpea field, the pendant lamp height is 1.5 m to connect the insect population distance to the ground, every day, lighting time was 20 up to 5 o'clock mornings of next day, filled lamp in mid-April, removed lamp October;
(3-2) hang the gyplure trapping: identical with embodiment 1;
(3-3) Yellow sticky trap trapping: every mu is hung 70 Yellow sticky traps in the cowpea field, and suspension height is 60cm, the insects such as trapping Liriomyza, aphid, thrips;
(3-4) apply biopesticide: with every 667m
2Spray 500 times of liquid of amount nuclear polyhedrosis virus or 3000 times of liquid of 1% emamectin-benzoate of 60kg liquid, control lima bean pod borer etc. is caused harm; With every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 60kg liquid sprays 2000 times of liquid of 1.8% Avermectin or 1000 times of liquid of 5% pyrethrin, the insects such as control liriomyza bryoniae, thrips, aphid, mite class; With every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 60kg liquid sprays 200 times of liquid of 2% Astromicin, control asparagus bean rust and powdery mildew;
(3-5) rationally use agricultural chemicals: select 5% Rynaxypyr SC1000 times liquid, 500 times of liquid of nucleopolyhedrosis virus (2,000,000,000 unit), 15% indoxacarb SC1200 times liquid, 1% emamectin-benzoate EC3000 times liquid etc. to be used alternatingly spraying control lima bean pod borer, since the early flowering season spray medicine first time, spray 1 time later on each every 667m every 5-8d
2Spraying liquid amount 60kg, until the florescence substantially finish; With 1000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid WP, 1500 times of liquid of 25% pymetrozine, 25% Diacloden WG4000 doubly, 10% Nitenpyram AS3000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 60kg liquid is used alternatingly spraying, control Americal rice leaf miner, thrips, Americal rice leaf miner begins medication the large generation of ovum hatching peak phase larva early stage, thrips at initial bloom stage when every strain cowpea insect density reaches 3-5,5-7 d sprays once, continuous 3 times, select and to kill to get 3,000 extraordinarily DP1000 times of liquid of the Sheng Shi of Du Pont (Flusilazole+carbendazim), 50% procymidone WP1000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2Spray the amount spraying of 60kg liquid, prevent and treat sooty mould; Select 10% Difenoconazole WG1000-1500 times liquid, SC300 times of liquid of sulphur more than 50%, with each every 667m
2Spraying liquid amount 65kg spraying, control rust and powdery mildew; Can kill to get 3,000 times of liquid, AS300 times of liquid of 14% network ammonia copper with Du Pont, with each every 667m
2Spraying liquid amount 65kg spraying, the control bacterial epidemic disease, the cowpea diseases such as control rust, powdery mildew, sooty mould, bacterial epidemic disease will begin to spray medicine from their early stage, after this every 10d spray 1 time, medication 2-3 times;
(4) the results storing is anti-pollution: identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) planting environment is innoxious:
(1-1) planting soil is selected: except " selecting the loam plot plantation cowpea of pH value 7.0 ", all the other measures are identical with embodiment 1;
(1-2) crop efficent rotation: identical with embodiment 1;
(1-3) irrigate deinsectization: behind the first crop crop harvesting, in time plough deeply deep ploughing and the waterlogged plot 6 days of pouring water, eliminate the pupa of the insects such as liriomyza bryoniae and lima bean pod borer, force down and occur as insect mouth radix;
(1-4) rural area cleaning: identical with embodiment 1;
(2) cultivation step rationalizes:
(2-1) select anti-(anti-) sick worm breeding: choose U.S. No. 6 rich No. 6 fresh kidney beans of fresh kidney beans or osmanthus of Shan, selected seed plumpness is high, and germination rate and germination vigor are high, for laying the first stone the strong sprout of cultivating strong stress resistance;
(2-2) begin sowing in good time: select late Febuary in spring to early March to sow;
(2-3) weed control: after planting seed earthing 3-4cm is thick, then in 3d every mu of kind value field with 95% gold medal all you EC70ml be watered 60kg furrow face spraying management of weeds;
(2-4) covering protection facility:
(2-4-1) build little shed cover film: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-2) covering with plastic film: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-3) fly net is set: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-4) do fertilizing management well: open dressing furrow in furrow ditch central authorities before the plantation and apply base manure, every mu of high-quality fertilizer 1500kg that executes fully to become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30kg, superphosphate 50kg, make cowpea that sufficient nutrition be arranged in earlier stage, lay a good foundation for promoting to grow the time of infertility; After cowpea is bloomed and born pods, increase fertilizer, water, prevent fallen flowers, the pod that falls, every mu of sealing fertilizer 25kg executes once every 10d, with the Accelerate bloom result, keeps the cauline leaf growth vigorous, the fertile early ageing of anti-anti-avulsion;
(2-4-5) regulation and control soil moisture: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-6) improve the field permeability:
(2-4-6-1) rational close planting: adopt the high furrow plantation of zanjon, the wide 140cm of furrow, the every drill seeding 2 row, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are broadcast 3800 caves for every mu, the every mu of dried seed kind of usefulness amount 2.0kg;
(2-4-6-2) built draws climing: identical with embodiment 1;
(2-4-6-3) rationally training: identical with embodiment 1;
(3) lure worm control evil:
(3-1) frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is set: hang the adults such as good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping lima bean pod borer in the cowpea field, the pendant lamp height is 1.4 m to connect the insect population distance to the ground, every day, lighting time was 20 up to 5 o'clock mornings of next day, filled lamp in mid-April, removed lamp October;
(3-2) hang the gyplure trapping: identical with embodiment 1;
(3-3) Yellow sticky trap trapping: every mu is hung 60 Yellow sticky traps in the cowpea field, and suspension height is 80cm, the insects such as trapping Liriomyza, aphid, thrips;
(3-4) apply biopesticide: with every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 50kg liquid sprays 500 times of liquid of nuclear polyhedrosis virus or 3000 times of liquid of 1% emamectin-benzoate, and control cowpea pod snout moth's larva etc. is caused harm; With every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 50kg liquid sprays 2000 times of liquid of 1.8% Avermectin or 1000 times of liquid of 5% pyrethrin, the insects such as control liriomyza bryoniae, thrips, aphid, mite class; With every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 50kg liquid sprays 200 times of liquid of 2% Astromicin, control asparagus bean rust and powdery mildew;
(3-5) rationally use agricultural chemicals: select 5% Rynaxypyr SC1000 times liquid, 500 times of liquid of nucleopolyhedrosis virus (2,000,000,000 unit), 15% indoxacarb SC1200 times liquid, 1% emamectin-benzoate EC3000 times liquid etc. to be used alternatingly spraying control lima bean pod borer, since the early flowering season spray medicine first time, spray 1 time later on each every 667m every 5-8d
2The spraying liquid amount is 50kg, until the florescence finishes substantially; With 1000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid WP, 1500 times of liquid of 25% pymetrozine, 25% Diacloden WG4000 doubly, 10% Nitenpyram AS3000 times liquid is with each every 667m
2The amount that sprays the 50kg liquid is used alternatingly spraying control Americal rice leaf miner, thrips, Americal rice leaf miner begins medication the large generation of ovum hatching peak phase larva early stage, thrips at initial bloom stage when every strain cowpea insect density reaches 3-5,5-7 d sprays once, continuous 3 times, select can kill 3,000 extraordinarily DP1000 times of liquid of the Sheng Shi of Du Pont (Flusilazole+carbendazim), 50% procymidone WP1000 times liquid with each every 667m
2The amount spraying that sprays the 50kg liquid prevents and treats sooty mould; Select 10% Difenoconazole WG1000-1500 times liquid, SC300 times of liquid of sulphur more than 50% with each every 667m
2Spray amount spraying control rust and the powdery mildew of 50kg liquid; With Du Pont can kill 3,000 times of liquid, AS300 times of liquid of 14% network ammonia copper with each every 667m
2Spray the amount spraying control bacterial epidemic disease of 50kg liquid, the cowpea diseases such as control rust, powdery mildew, sooty mould, bacterial epidemic disease will begin to spray medicine from their early stage, after this every 8d spray 1 time, medication 2-3 times;
(4) the results storing is anti-pollution: identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (1)
1. based on the cowpea Healthy culture method of sick worm and pollution prevention, it is characterized in that described cowpea Healthy culture method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) planting environment is innoxious:
(1-1) planting soil is selected: the plot of selection plantation cowpea and soil on every side thereof, atmosphere, water body can not be polluted, every Indices of Ecological must meet pollution-free vegetable and produce the home environment requirement, should be good at ecological condition, away from pollution source, and the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity, on the sunny side, that physical features is smooth, draining is good, soil layer is deep and the soil is porous is fertile, the plot plantation cowpea of loam or sandy loam; Spread fertilizer over the fields lime adjustment pH value and reach 6.2-7.0;
(1-2) crop efficent rotation: will carry out the crop rotation of rice field-upland field rotation inclusive NAND legume to plantation cowpea field, reduce worm source and infectious disease primary source of infection, damage by disease and insect occur serious plot will with non-legume crop rotation more than 2 years, carry out the rice field-upland field rotation mode; In the Americal rice leaf miner serious area of causing harm, not with the solanaceous vegetables of Americal rice leaf miner hobby, other vegetable continuous cropping such as melon;
(1-3) irrigate deinsectization: behind the first crop crop harvesting, in time plough deeply and deep plough and poured water waterlogged plot 5-7 days, eliminate the pupa of the insects such as liriomyza bryoniae and lima bean pod borer, force down and occur as insect mouth radix;
(1-4) rural area cleaning: sick worm majority survives the winter in stubble, fallen leaves, weeds or the soil in rural area, summer or perch more, therefore, should in time the residual branch in field be lost leaf, weeds and mulch film etc. after the end of gathering cleans out, concentrate and carry out harmless treatment, keep the rural area cleaning, to reduce disease worm source, simultaneously, also to kill field periphery worm source; Prevent that the disease such as rust infects and the insect such as lima bean pod borer shifts and causes harm, reduce disease worm radix, and increase cowpea field ventilation and penetrating light degree, the probability that the disease worm is caused harm alleviated;
(2) cultivation step rationalizes:
(2-1) select anti-(anti-) sick worm breeding: for main diseases worm control object, select the kind of the many disease and insect resistances of high resistance, require seed plumpness to want high, it is high that germination rate and germination vigor are wanted, for laying the first stone the strong sprout of cultivating strong stress resistance;
(2-2) begin sowing in good time: spring and summer cultivation sowing optimum period, should be stabilized in more than 10 ℃ with average daily temperature, with preventing low-temperature cold damage, impact is germinateed and growth of seedling, select late Febuary in spring to early March, or adopt film to cover little shed spring of growing seedlings and cultivate ahead of time cowpea, do sth. in advance the 14-16d sowing than open field live broadcast, namely sow to the middle ten days in early Febuary;
(2-3) weed control: after planting seed earthing 3-4cm is thick, then in 3d every mu of kind value field with 95% gold medal all you EC60-80ml be watered 60-70kg furrow face spraying management of weeds;
(2-4) covering protection facility:
(2-4-1) build little shed cover film: spring is when doing sth. in advance direct sowing culture, after planting build little shed with little bamboo chip and covered with plastic film heats and heat and moisture preserving, make the interior temperature of little shed keep 20-25 ℃, humidity maintains 65-75%, little shed bamboo chip interval 60-70cm, to take off film reducing temperature and humidity, ventilation and hardening when seedling stage, temperature was higher than 30 ℃, prevent the hot and humid excessive growth of seedling; When cowpea is climing when growing to 20-25cm, when outside air temperature surpasses 20 ℃, to reduce the speed of 30-50% coating ratio every day, remove gradually the film that little shed covers, prevent from removing excessive velocities and make plant because dehydration is wilting suddenly;
(2-4-2) covering with plastic film: covered with plastic film heat and moisture preserving on the furrow face, the rear timely rupture of membranes of emerging draws seedling, specifically drawing seedling-growing method is to aim at cowpea seedling mulch film is torn an osculum, then carefully young plant is drawn, then the seedling that fractures when preventing from drawing seedling seals heat and moisture preserving with fine earth with the opening part of mulch film;
(2-4-3) fly net is set: the order number that high 2-2.5m is set around cowpea plantation field is 20-32 purpose fly net, with other field isolation, reduces various insect pest migrations and causes harm;
(2-4-4) do fertilizing management well: open dressing furrow in furrow ditch central authorities before the plantation and apply base manure, every mu of high-quality fertilizer 1400-1600kg that executes fully to become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 25-30kg, superphosphate 45-55kg, make cowpea that sufficient nutrition be arranged in earlier stage, lay a good foundation for promoting to grow the time of infertility; After cowpea is bloomed and born pods, increase fertilizer, water, prevent fallen flowers, the pod that falls, every mu of sealing fertilizer 20-30kg executes once every 10-12d, with the Accelerate bloom result, keeps the cauline leaf growth vigorous, the fertile early ageing of anti-anti-avulsion;
(2-4-5) regulation and control soil moisture: cowpea will be controlled soil moisture seedling stage, and soil moisture content is maintained between the 60-70%, anti-cauline leaf excessive growth; The pod bearing period of blooming, need water more, should keep soil moisture content to keep between the 70-80%, prevents that overdrying is excessively wet; Meet high temperature and drought, fill with horse race water or water and make ground moistening, meet rain and should get rid of field ponding, in order to avoid mashed root, fallen flowers fallen leaves and infectious disease occurs;
(2-4-6) improve the field permeability:
(2-4-6-1) rational close planting: adopt the high furrow plantation of zanjon, the wide 130-150cm of furrow, the every drill seeding 2 row, line-spacing 60-65cm, spacing in the rows is 25-27cm approximately, and every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain is broadcast 3500-4000 caves for every mu, the every mu of dried seed kind of usefulness amount 2.0-2.2kg;
(2-4-6-2) built draws climing: be material with little bamboo bar, insert and be barricaded as " people " font frame, shade mutually and be convenient to and gather to reduce the cowpea cissoid, frame height 200-220cm, little bamboo bar cuttage position is apart from cowpea plant base portion 10-15cm, and every cave is inserted one, dark 15-20cm, per two intersect, and put pole and tighten up from the frame middle and upper part infall that intersects in twos, and frame is built and wanted firmly, climing to prevent, when climing long 30cm, in time draw climing addedly, make the climing even distribution of stem, prevent mutual winding, draw climing added will carrying out in fine afternoon, morning or rainy day are climing shortly past drawing, in case tender stem fractures;
(2-4-6-3) rationally training: training is to reduce nutrient consumption, improves the effective measures of ventilation and penetrating light condition, and the lateral bud of following each the joint position of main climing the first inflorescence is removed without exception, and main climing sturdy to guarantee, main climing inflorescence prematurity bears pods; The above axil of the first inflorescence is given birth to small and weak leaf bud and is all extractd, and promotes the growth of flower bud with the joint position; Side shoot on above each the joint position of main climing the 1st inflorescence stays the pinching of 1-3 leaf, keeps the inflorescence on the side shoot, increases the position of bearing pods; Pinching is bound during main climing length to 200-220cm, the side shoot of top germinating stays a leaf pinching, with the control plant height, inhibition is nourished and grown, also be beneficial to and improve plant overdraught printing opacity condition and pluck beanpod, the later stage plant senesecence that bears pods is in time plucked sick leaf, worm leaf roll, Lao Ye and the Huang Ye of bottom, to improve plant bottom ventilation and penetrating light condition, reduce the disease worm radix of causing harm;
(3) lure worm control evil:
(3-1) frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is set: hang the adults such as multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping lima bean pod borer in the cowpea field, during use trapping lamp hung on object firmly, then be placed on cowpea Tanaka, the pendant lamp height is 1.3-1.5 m to connect the insect population distance to the ground, effective prevention and control area of a frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is 3ha, every day, lighting time was 20 up to 5 o'clock mornings of next day, filled lamp in mid-April, removed lamp October;
(3-2) hang the gyplure trapping: utilize lima bean pod borer sex pheromone trapping lima bean pod borer, the lima bean pod borer adult raise fly before, lure core and supporting trapper to hang on the field lima bean pod borer sex pheromone, exceed cowpea colony top 10-15cm place, place 3-5 cover gyplure killing trapping devices, and be the checkerboard type suspension for every mu;
(3-3) Yellow sticky trap trapping: every mu of suspension 60-70 opens Yellow sticky trap in the cowpea field, and suspension height is 60-100cm, the insects such as trapping Liriomyza, aphid, thrips;
(3-4) apply biopesticide: the applying biological preparation is prevented and treated the cowpea damage by disease and insect, reduces to greatest extent consumption and the number of times of chemical pesticide, with every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg sprays 500 times of liquid of nuclear polyhedrosis virus, or 3000 times of liquid of 1% emamectin-benzoate, can effectively prevent and treat lima bean pod borer etc. and cause harm; With every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg sprays 2000 times of liquid of 1.8% Avermectin or 1000 times of liquid of 5% pyrethrin, can effectively prevent and treat the insects such as liriomyza bryoniae, thrips, aphid, mite class; With every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg sprays 200 times of liquid of 2% Astromicin, can effectively prevent and treat asparagus bean rust and powdery mildew;
(3-5) rationally use agricultural chemicals: according to agricultural sector's damage by disease and insect genesis prediction, get hold of in disease their early stage and pest control optimum period, science is selected biopesticide or efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide is prevented and treated, advocate counterpart, in right amount, alternate wheel is used medicine instead, the rational use of medicines, use agricultural chemicals in strict accordance with safety interval, accomplish nuisanceless medication, select 5% Rynaxypyr SC1000 times liquid, 500 times of liquid of nucleopolyhedrosis virus (2,000,000,000 unit), 15% indoxacarb SC1200 times liquid, 1% emamectin-benzoate EC3000 times liquid etc. is used alternatingly spraying control lima bean pod borer, since the early flowering season spray medicine first time, spray 1 time later on each every 667m every 5-8d
2The spraying liquid amount is 40-60kg, until the florescence finishes substantially; With 1000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid WP, 1500 times of liquid of 25% pymetrozine, 25% Diacloden WG4000 doubly, 10% Nitenpyram AS3000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine that sprays 40-60kg is used alternatingly spraying, control Americal rice leaf miner, thrips, Americal rice leaf miner begins medication the large generation of ovum hatching peak phase larva early stage, thrips at initial bloom stage when every strain cowpea insect density reaches 3-5,5-7 d sprays once, continuous 3 times, select and to kill to get 3,000 extraordinarily DP1000 times of liquid of the Sheng Shi of Du Pont (Flusilazole+carbendazim), 50% procymidone WP1000 times liquid, with each every 667m
2The amount of liquid medicine spraying that sprays 40-60kg prevents and treats sooty mould; Select 10% Difenoconazole WG1000-1500 times liquid, SC300 times of liquid of sulphur more than 50%, with each every 667m
2Spray amount of liquid medicine spraying control rust and the powdery mildew of 40-60kg; Can kill to get 3,000 times of liquid, AS300 times of liquid of 14% network ammonia copper with Du Pont, with every 667m
2Spray the amount of liquid medicine spraying control bacterial epidemic disease of 40-60kg, the cowpea diseases such as control rust, powdery mildew, sooty mould, bacterial epidemic disease will begin to spray medicine from their early stage, after this every 7-10 d spray 1 time, medication 2-3 times;
(4) the results storing is anti-pollution:
(4-1) results: full at beanpod, when seed had just appeared, the tender pod of gathering will in time pluck insect pest pod, lopsided pod and sick pod when gathering the commodity pod, to reduce nutrient loss, improved output and commodity rate;
(4-2) packing, transportation: in 2-3 hour, in time pack, transport after the cowpea results, packing container should be firm, inside and outside wall is smooth, keeps dry, cleaning, pollution-free, and is with light packs during transportation, gently unload, be strictly on guard against mechanical damage, means of transport is wanted sanitation and hygiene, pollution-free, no-sundries, will first cowpea be soaked frozen water before the long-distance transport entrucking and be cooled to 5-7 ℃, then just loads onto haulage vehicle, prevent that high temperature from going rotten, and takes safe sun-rain-shading measure to be strictly on guard against in transit Exposure to Sunlight, to drench with rain;
(4-3) store: the cowpea short should be by kind, specification difference pile, and the heat radiation spacing is 20-30 centimetre, and the reserve temperature of cowpea is 5-7 ℃, relative air humidity 85%-90%.
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| CN111264257A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-12 | 淮安市农业技术推广中心 | Green control method for liriomyza sativae in greenhouse vegetables |
| CN112136634A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-29 | 郭进涛 | Cowpea disease and pest control method |
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