CN110073905A - A kind of method of south China orchard weed management control - Google Patents
A kind of method of south China orchard weed management control Download PDFInfo
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- CN110073905A CN110073905A CN201910304672.4A CN201910304672A CN110073905A CN 110073905 A CN110073905 A CN 110073905A CN 201910304672 A CN201910304672 A CN 201910304672A CN 110073905 A CN110073905 A CN 110073905A
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- orchard
- south china
- spermacoce latifolia
- management control
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods of south China orchard weed management control, include the following steps: that (1) uniformly disseminates Spermacoce latifolia seed in orchard, sprout to temperature improvements seed, establish Spermacoce latifolia population；(2) it after Spermacoce latifolia population foundation, normally blossoms and bears fruit, after Spermacoce latifolia is withered, the seed next year fallen into soil sprouts again, and form dominant population has the function of persistently inhibiting to the growth of orchard weed in cycles.The method of orchard weed management control of the invention is shallow using Root Distribution, it is strong to occupy ability, easily forms the Spermacoce latifolia of high density thick grass carries out Sod culture, achieve the purpose that inhibit weeds by competing ecological niche, during solving South China's different condition area Green fruit production, the prevention and treatment problem of orchard weed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of south China orchard weed management control.
Background technique
Orchard crop smothering is an outstanding problem in production of fruit trees.Orchard weed and fruit tree contention nutrient and moisture, directly
Influence the yield and quality of fruit tree, while still one of the intermediary of many fruit tree diseases and pests and main host plants.
Currently, the method for orchard weed control has: chemical weed control, artificial weeding, weeding by machine, wherein chemical weed control and people
Work weeding is most common method.Chemical weed control by spraying the method weeding of chemical herbicide, have it is at low cost, high-efficient,
The feature of lasting period length, 1 people 1 day can remove 10 mu or more, but since herbicide has certain toxicity, for a long time, largely use weeding
Agent easily generates adverse effect to fruit tree growth and orchard environment, and such as contaminated soil reduces diversity of soil microorganism, inhibits
Microbe symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrification etc..Artificial weeding agent is most traditional herbicidal methods, because with low content of technology, no
Need to put into other excessive costs in addition to manpower, but the disadvantage is that low efficiency, the 1 most multipotency of people 1 day is except the grass more than 1 mu.It is mechanical
Weeding includes that mini-tiller stirs Herbicidal and grass trimmer weeding, has the advantages that operate conveniently, is high-efficient, 1 people 1 day can remove
10 mu of grass or more, but the disadvantage is that the diauxic growth of higher cost, grass is very fast.
Southern orchard is based on chemical weed control, especially in South China, due to the high temperature, rainwater it is more, one Nian Si of weeds
Ji Junneng vigorous growth, and grass phase is complicated, in order to prevent and treat orchard crop smothering, needs within 1 year to can be only achieved well for herbicide spraying 6-8 times
Weed control effect, the medication frequency is much higher than northern orchard (2-3 times), results in agricultural product and Environmental security by serious prestige
The side of body.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of south China orchard weed management control, solve South China's Pollution-free for Fruit
In product production process, orchard weed prevention and treatment is more using pesticide, long-term, a large amount of to use pesticide easily to fruit tree growth and orchard ecology ring
Border leads to the problem of adverse effect.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method of south China orchard weed management control, comprising the following steps:
(1) Spermacoce latifolia seed is uniformly disseminated in orchard, is sprouted to temperature improvements seed, is established Spermacoce latifolia kind
Group；
(2) it after Spermacoce latifolia population foundation, normally blossoms and bears fruit, after Spermacoce latifolia is withered, falls into soil
Seed next year sprout again, formed dominant population have the function of persistently inhibiting to the growth of orchard weed in cycles.
Following improvement can be done in the present invention, and before disseminating Spermacoce latifolia seed, the weeds in orchard are purged.
Further, weeds are removed using the method for artificial weeding or spraying pesticide.It is selected during removing weeds
Pesticide is broad-spectrum herbicide, can go to cut weeds.
Preferably, the pesticide is the associativity medicament of glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium.Glyphosate, grass
Ammonium phosphine can kill the most of common weeds in south China orchard, avoid spraying glyphosate if encountering fruit tree and blooming, in order to avoid cause to fall
Flower.
In the present invention, Spermacoce latifolia seed obtains in the following manner: in Spermacoce latifolia seed maturity in December,
Spermacoce latifolia is gathered in, a week is dried, collects the seed to fall off, by removing the peel with after decontamination, is placed on dry shady place
It saves backup.
It is in 2~April that the time of Spermacoce latifolia seed is disseminated in the step (1).Spermacoce latifolia whole year can be with
Sowing, and the optimal sowing time is 2~April, rainwater is more at this time, and temperature gradually gets warm again after a cold spell, and sprouts conducive to Spermacoce latifolia seed
Hair.
Further, the amount of disseminating of the Spermacoce latifolia seed is every 667m2Dosage be 200~400g.
It is Spermacoce latifolia coverage rate not less than 90% that Spermacoce latifolia, which forms dominant population, in the step (2).
In the present invention, the coverage rate of other weeds is still above 10% after Spermacoce latifolia population foundation or to encounter broad-leaved rich
Flowers and plants coverage rate is lower than for 90% time, then it is primary to carry out spraying treatment with glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium.Due to Spermacoce latifolia with
Other weeds are compared not to be influenced it and blossoms and bears fruit to glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium drug resistance with higher so can survive.
Further, the amount of spraying of glyphosate is calculated by 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt water solution, dosage be 200ml~
400ml/667m2, it is watered 30-40kg；The amount of spraying of glufosinate-ammonium by 200g/L glufosinate-ammoniumaqua aqua calculate, dosage be 100ml~
120ml/667m2, it is watered 30-40kg.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) method of orchard weed management in south China of the present invention control, it is shallow using Root Distribution, occupy that ability is strong, is easily formed
The Spermacoce latifolia of high density thick grass carries out Sod culture, achievees the purpose that inhibit weeds by competing ecological niche, while can be with
Pesticide dosage is reduced, be conducive to improve orchard entirety ecological environment and maintains the sustainable development in orchard；
(2) Spermacoce latifolia of the invention is not necessarily to watering, fertilizing, natural after December without the progress prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
After withered, without cradling；Since Spermacoce latifolia has the effect for adjusting miniclimate, ground can effectively reduce in summer high temperature season
Temperature is conducive to alleviate adverse effect of the high temperature to fruit tree root growth, after winter is withered, there is water conservation and heat preservation to make soil
With being conducive to the maintenance of tree body；In addition, Spermacoce latifolia growth is crawled, can avoid interfering the daily management in orchard；
(3) method of the invention not only has simple and practical, easy popularization, at low cost, primary investment long term benefit and weeds
The reliable feature of control effect, also helping reduces the soil erosion, reduces nutrient loss, improve soil physico-chemical property, keep soil
Earth moisture adjusts orchard microclimate and maintains the sustainable development in orchard.
Detailed description of the invention
The case where Fig. 1 is Spermacoce latifolia of the present invention and Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, herba eleusines indicae Net Photosynthetic Rate Pn comparison
Figure；
Fig. 2 is Spermacoce latifolia of the present invention and Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, herba eleusines indicae root condition comparison diagram；
Fig. 3 is Spermacoce latifolia of the present invention and Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, herba eleusines indicae root/shoot ratio situation comparison diagram；
The case where Fig. 4 is that Spermacoce latifolia begins setting up population July in embodiment 1 south China level land litchi garden；
Fig. 5 is the case where 1 south China level land litchi garden Spermacoce latifolia in October of embodiment forms dominant population；
The case where when Fig. 6 is 1 south China level land litchi garden Spermacoce latifolia in December seed maturation of embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the situation after 1 south China level land litchi garden of embodiment, 2 months Spermacoce latifolias are withered；
The case where Fig. 8 is that Spermacoce latifolia begins setting up population June in embodiment 2 south China hills lichee orchard；
Fig. 9 is the case where 2 south China hills lichee orchard August Spermacoce latifolia of embodiment forms dominant population；
Figure 10 is situation after 2 south China hills lichee orchard Spermacoce latifolia in March of embodiment is withered.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail combined with specific embodiments below, so that those skilled in the art are best understood from
With implementation technical solution of the present invention.
Weeds mainly have Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, beggar-ticks, black nightshade, fragrant eupatorium herb, false stinkweed, South America in the orchard of south China
Wedelia chinensis, Mikania micrantha, Bermuda grass, golden waist arrow, broomwort, herba digitariae, herba eleusines indicae, carpetweed and kyllinga brevifolia etc..Wherein again with wrinkled giant hyssop
Ji, white flower beggar-ticks, herba eleusines indicae quantity are in the majority, most commonly seen.
Spermacoce latifolia in the present invention originates in South America, introduces the breeding of the ground such as Guangdong the thirties in last century, is more common in useless
Ruins and waste ground, with south China orchard common weed (Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, herba eleusines indicae) Photosynthetic Characteristics (Net Photosynthetic Rate
Pn), Root Characteristics (Root Distribution, root/shoot ratio) comparative situation, is shown in Fig. 1-3.
As seen from Figure 1, compared with south China orchard common weed (Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, herba eleusines indicae), Spermacoce latifolia
Net optical speed it is smaller, show that the photosynthetic capacity of Spermacoce latifolia is on the weak side, belong to and grow relatively slow plant, therefore can subtract
Few competition to fruit-tree orchard soil nutrient, restrains oneself lean soil, survival ability is strong.By Fig. 2,3 as it can be seen that common with south China orchard
Weeds (Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, herba eleusines indicae) are compared, and the Root Distribution of Spermacoce latifolia is shallower, root/shoot ratio is minimum, illustrates wealthy
The root system of leaf spermacoce latifolia is undeveloped, less to the predation of soil nutrient.
By being studied above it is found that Spermacoce latifolia is as alien species, natural enemy itself is few, adds, cursive script blade light
The characteristics of cooperation use and root system, root cap, so that it restrains oneself lean soil, struggle for existence property is strong, and growth and breeding is fast, and seedling is once
It grows and mushrooms out, and quickly form big population, and is less to soil nutrient predation, it is unfavorable to generate to fruit tree nutrient
Influence, add, cursive script sprawl growth, will not cause obstacle to the daily management in orchard, and due to it to glyphosate and
Glufosinate-ammonium has natural drug resistance, biggish suitable for South China fruit tree strain body convenient for filtering out the population of high-purity
The management control of weeds in orchard, including Litchi Garden, citrus orchard, Mango Fruit Garden, Longan Orchard, Queensland nut garden, Calusena lansium garden, carambola
Garden, guava garden, wax-apple garden, Loquat Garden, olive orchard or flue orchard.Below with South China, lichee orchard, level land and hills litchi
For branch orchard, the technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of south China level land litchi garden weeds management control, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of Spermacoce latifolia seed
The wasteland for choosing Spermacoce latifolia large area deposition, it is a large amount of to gather in Spermacoce latifolia seed maturity in December
Spermacoce latifolia is packed into gunnysack and is transported to about one week of sunning at spaciousness, collects the kind to fall off from Spermacoce latifolia stalk
Son is placed on dry shady place and saves backup by removing the peel with after decontamination.
(2) Spermacoce latifolia type of seeding
Spermacoce latifolia whole year can be sowed, and the present embodiment is sowed in optimal 2~April of sowing time, 2~April,
Rainwater is more at this time, and temperature gradually gets warm again after a cold spell, and can satisfy the temperature that broad-leaved seed sprouts the moisture needed and 25 DEG C or more.Before sowing
15-30 days, the weeds in glyphosate removing orchard, including Ageratum conyzoides, white flower beggar-ticks, beggar-ticks, black nightshade, aircraft were sprayed first
Grass, false stinkweed, South America wedelia chinensis, Mikania micrantha, Bermuda grass, golden waist arrow, broomwort, herba digitariae, herba eleusines indicae, carpetweed and kyllinga brevifolia
Deng.Wherein, the glyphosate amount of spraying is calculated by 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt water solution, and dosage is 200~400ml/667m2, it is watered
30-40kg, then according to 200g/667m2Dosage uniform broadcasting Spermacoce latifolia seed.After planting, Spermacoce latifolia kind
Son starts to sprout successively and establishes population in 4~May.Due to also containing a large amount of other weed seeds in soil, other
Weed seed also can simultaneously sprouting.
(3) Spermacoce latifolia after planting manages
After planting the 1st year, the density of Spermacoce latifolia was relatively low, led to other malignant weed raised growths in orchard, covering
Rate is more than 10%.Then carry out spraying treatment using glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium, kill other weeds, due to Spermacoce latifolia have compared with
High drug resistance so can survive, and is normally blossomed and beared fruit.Spermacoce latifolia energy continued propagation is to December, with temperature
Reduction and gradually wither, formed litter layer can still inhibit the growth of other weeds.The seed in soil is fallen in secondary
4~May of year sprouts again, and as shown in figs. 4-7, the density that the 2nd year Spermacoce latifolia of cultivation is emerged naturally reaches 150 plants/m2
More than, high density thick grass is formed, so that the growth to other malignant weeds generates lasting inhibiting effect, the suppression to other weeds
Rate/coverage rate processed reaches 98% or more, and coverage rate uses sample investigation method, and it is rich to estimate (such as 0.5m × 0.5m) broad-leaved in sample prescription frame
The coverage of flowers and plants, is subject to the average value of 3-5 random sites investigation result.Spermacoce latifolia forms high density grass in summer
Clump and withered grass coating is formed in winter all being conducive to maintain more stable soil environment, there is protective effect to fruit tree root system.
Embodiment 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that orchard is south China hills lichee orchard, sprays glufosinate-ammonium and remove fruit
Weeds in garden, wherein the glufosinate-ammonium amount of spraying is calculated by 200g/L glufosinate-ammoniumaqua aqua, and dosage is 100ml~120ml/667m2,
It is watered 30-40kg；The amount of disseminating of Spermacoce latifolia seed is 400g/667m2.It cultivates the 2nd year, due to Spermacoce latifolia coverage rate
Lower than 90%, with 100ml~120ml/667m2200g/L glufosinate-ammoniumaqua aqua spraying treatment is primary again.As seen in figs. 8-10, it plants
It trains the 3rd year, forms high density thick grass, so that the growth to other malignant weeds generates lasting inhibiting effect, Spermacoce latifolia
The inhibiting rate of other weeds reaches 90% or more, and whole year has lasting Weed control effect.After controlling weeds using Spermacoce latifolia,
Soil erosion reduces 60% or more, and nutrient loss reduces 80% or more, and herbicide dosage reduces 60% or more, in summer fine day
Noon can reduce 3-5 DEG C of surface temperature.
The above embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the above implementation
Example.The purpose of the present invention can be achieved according to the above present disclosure in person of an ordinary skill in the technical field, appoints
What is fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention based on the improvement and deformation made on the basis of present inventive concept, is specifically protected model
It encloses and is subject to what claims were recorded.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of south China orchard weed management control, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it clears up after weeds, Spermacoce latifolia seed is uniformly disseminated in orchard, sprout, establish wealthy to temperature improvements seed
Leaf spermacoce latifolia population；
(2) it after Spermacoce latifolia population foundation, normally blossoms and bears fruit, after Spermacoce latifolia is withered, falls into the kind in soil
Sub- next year sprouts again, and form dominant population has the function of persistently inhibiting to the growth of orchard weed in cycles.
2. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1)
The time for disseminating Spermacoce latifolia seed is in 2~April.
3. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the broad-leaved is rich
The amount of disseminating of flowers and plants seed is every 667m2Dosage be 200~400g.
4. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that disseminating the rich flower of broad-leaved
Before grass seed, the weeds in orchard are purged；Weeds are removed using the method for artificial weeding or spraying pesticide.
5. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the pesticide is that grass is sweet
The associativity medicament of phosphine, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium.
6. the method for orchard weed management in south China according to claim 1 control, which is characterized in that December broad-leaved it is rich
Flowers and plants seed maturity gathers in Spermacoce latifolia, dries a week, collect the seed to fall off, after peeling and decontamination,
Dry shady place is placed on to save backup.
7. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2)
It is Spermacoce latifolia coverage rate not less than 90% that Spermacoce latifolia, which forms dominant population,.
8. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Spermacoce latifolia population
The coverage rate of other weeds still above 10% or encounters time of the Spermacoce latifolia coverage rate lower than 90% after foundation, then with grass
It is primary that sweet phosphine or glufosinate-ammonium carry out spraying treatment.
9. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the amount of spraying of glyphosate
It is calculated by 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt water solution, dosage is 200ml~400ml/667m2, it is watered 30-40kg；The spray of glufosinate-ammonium
The amount of applying is calculated by 200g/L glufosinate-ammoniumaqua aqua, and dosage is 100ml~120ml/667m2, it is watered 30-40kg.
10. the method for south China orchard weed management control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the south China orchard
For Litchi Garden, citrus orchard, Mango Fruit Garden, Longan Orchard, Queensland nut garden, Calusena lansium garden, Carambola Orchard, guava garden, wax-apple garden, loquat
Garden, olive orchard or flue orchard.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111213512A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-06-02 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Planting method for improving total flavone content and antioxidant activity of wampee fruits |
| CN111657070A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 东北师范大学 | Method for effectively controlling and recovering perennial weeds in peat land |
| CN112602545A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-06 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia root system |
| CN115104468A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-27 | 杨粉莉 | Growth inhibition method for orchard grass |
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| CN105123400A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for orchard weed management |
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| CN108834714A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultivation mode of Queensland nut orchard ground cover |
| CN109168801A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-11 | 华南师范大学 | Leguminous forage controls the substitution in Mikania micrantha invasion orchard habitat |
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| CN105123400A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for orchard weed management |
| CN107624584A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-26 | 华南师范大学 | Pachyrhizua angulatus is controlled the replacement of invasive weed Mikania micrantha |
| CN108834714A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultivation mode of Queensland nut orchard ground cover |
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| CN111213512A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-06-02 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Planting method for improving total flavone content and antioxidant activity of wampee fruits |
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| CN111657070A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 东北师范大学 | Method for effectively controlling and recovering perennial weeds in peat land |
| CN112602545A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-06 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia root system |
| CN115104468A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-27 | 杨粉莉 | Growth inhibition method for orchard grass |
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Application publication date: 20190802 |