CN111011101A - Method for ecological regulation and control of sunshine rose vineyard - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for ecologically regulating and controlling a sunshine rose vineyard, which comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing soil in a whole circle: (2) planting seedlings; (3) cultivating a tree form; 4) and (3) pest control in the seedling stage: before or at the initial stage of disease occurrence, selecting a biological agent and a chemical agent to jointly prevent and treat pests; (5) managing germination; (6) managing the earth surface; (7) adjusting the ratio of leaves to fruits; (8) adjusting the fruit diameter; (9) bagging in time; (10) accurately managing water; (11) applying fertilizer accurately; (12) accurate pesticide application; (13) the fruit is ripe. The invention can ensure that the excellent ecosystem of the vineyard has healthy soil and tree bodies, and the grape vine can prolong the 6-8 year high yield period.

Description

Method for ecological regulation and control of sunshine rose vineyard

Technical Field

The invention relates to a grape planting method, in particular to a method for ecologically regulating and controlling a sunshine rose vineyard.

Background

Sunshine rose, the name is summer-sound mascate. The method is characterized in that the method is cultivated by fruit trees of Japan Ministry of Japan, the parent Armadzu 12 is multiplied by Bainan, European and American hybrids are large in fruit cluster, oval in fruit grain, green and yellow in fruit peel, thin in peel, crisp in meat, juicy, soluble solid shape can reach 12-20%, astringency is avoided, unique rose fragrance is achieved, the quality is excellent, the fruits and the Kyoho are mature at the same time, and the Kyoho grape main cultivar can become the K. The grape cultivation method has the advantages of beautiful appearance, good commodity and simple cultivation, and is an rare excellent grape variety.

In recent years, the planting area of the sunshine muscat is continuously enlarged, the planting area is wider and wider, but because a grower does not know the growth habit and the suitable cultivation management measures of the sunshine muscat very much, the sunshine muscat is only planted as a common grape according to the conventional experience, and high-quality fruits with proper tree shape, high yield in successive years and a certain level are difficult to plant. Some plants do not pay attention to quality, pursue yield in one plane, complex tree form arrangement, disordered branch arrangement, canopy surface closure, blindly use a plant growth regulator to promote fruit grain expansion and increase yield, so that diseases and insect pests are more generated, pesticide residue is excessive, fruit ripening is difficult, quality is seriously reduced, tree vigor is weak, flower bud differentiation is poor in the next year, yield is low in the next year, and income is seriously influenced.

In addition, with the increase of the planting years, the ecological system deterioration appears in the orchard ecological system, and the regulation and control capability is reduced. The method mainly has the problems of aggravated soil drying, deep accumulation of nitrate nitrogen, obvious effect in large and small years, low fruit yield, high tree yield aging, aggravated plant diseases and insect pests, fruit safety and the like, and seriously influences the sustainable development and the income increase of farmers.

As the sunshine rose is mostly matured in the middle ten days of 9 months and is basically sold before the mid-autumn festival, most fruits are not too hard in quality and are dare to hang trees for too long time, and are generally sold early at low price. Premature harvest, insufficient grape maturity, poor quality, and insufficient sugar degree and aroma. By the mid-autumn festival, local sunshine grapes are not sold on the market basically, and only the stored sunshine rose grapes can be sold at a high price and are in short supply. Although the market is in short supply, the quality of some fruits is too long due to the tree hanging time, and the management is not in place, so that the nutrition and the sugar degree are consumed, the color of the peel is yellow, the surface of the fruit is full of fruit embroidery, and the hardness, the sugar degree and the taste are greatly reduced compared with those of the middle period.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a method for ecologically regulating and controlling a sunshine rose vineyard, aiming at the problems which cannot be solved in the aspects of ecological regulation and control of an orchard ecosystem, a vineyard and the like at present.

The technical scheme is as follows: the method for ecologically regulating and controlling the sunshine rose vineyard comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing soil in a whole circle: in winter of the previous year of planting the sunflowers, selecting a garden with better drainage and a ground water level below 0.8m to build a garden, arranging planting ridges and drainage ditches, and building a rain shelter and a horizontal shed frame with a ventilating skylight at the top end;

(2) seedling planting: selecting 1-year-old sunshine rose grafted seedlings with 5bb or 3309m rootstocks, pure varieties, full buds, middle thickness of branches of more than 0.4cm, good root systems, uniform distribution and no diseases and insect pests, planting the grafted seedlings in the middle ten days of 2 months to the last ten days of 3 months, installing trap lamps and hanging yellow board blue boards, trapping and killing insects, fully spreading straws around roots, and covering the seedlings with black mulching films;

(3) tree-shaped cultivation: planting seedlings in the same year, taking 1 strongest strong young shoot as a main branch, removing other young shoots, inserting an auxiliary rod beside the young shoot, binding and fixing the young shoot on the auxiliary rod, pinching, performing tree-shaped cultivation, and wiping off all buds on a main trunk;

t-shaped plastic pruning: the plant spacing is 4m, the row spacing is 4m, a main branch inducing line is pulled along the row direction at a position 20cm below a horizontal canopy frame, pinching is carried out when a new tip of a planted seedling grows to the main branch inducing line in the first year, one auxiliary tip which grows robustly is selected to serve as a first main branch and a second main branch respectively on the left side and the right side of the lower portion of a pinching opening, the extension head of the main branch grows to 8 months bottom pinching, the germinated auxiliary tip is reserved with 10 leaves for repeated pinching, and fruiting branches are directly cultured on 2 main branches from the 2 nd year;

water content management: when the water holding capacity of the soil is lower than 25%, watering; selecting any one of irrigation, sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation. The watering time is mainly in the sprouting period, the high temperature in summer and the drought in autumn.

(4) And (3) pest control in the seedling stage: before or at the initial stage of disease occurrence, selecting a biological agent and a chemical agent to jointly prevent and treat pests;

(5) and (3) sprouting management: management is divided into two times: for the first time, after sprouting, spreading 2-3 leaves, and wiping off auxiliary buds and adventitious buds; spreading leaves 6-10 for the second time, wiping off extremely weak and extremely strong buds, binding young shoots when the young shoots grow about 50 cm, binding the young shoots and fruiting mother branches at a vertical angle, wherein the distance between the young shoots is about 20cm, and removing tendrils in time; spraying 30 times of 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture or 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture on the ground of the tree body before germination;

(6) surface management: growing grass naturally in the garden, wherein the grass grows to about 20cm, planting on the ridges, laying a ground cloth made of a black light-proof, breathable and water-permeable woven bag or non-woven fabric with the specification of 70g/m²After the grapes are harvested, the ground fabric is harvested for the next year; ploughing the soil surface, taking rotten grass as organic matter, exposing the soil surface to facilitate fertilization in autumn, freezing and cutting in winter, and killing insect eggs and disease germs of pests; if no natural grass growing condition exists, clover and the like can be planted, or rice straws, vinegar residues, vinasse, mushroom residues, wheat straws, grass peat, pine needles and the like are covered under the ground cloth.

(7) Adjusting the ratio of leaves to fruits: reserving flower ears according to the growth condition of young shoots, reserving 1-2 flower ears for 1 medium-inferior young shoots, reserving 2 flower ears for 1 vigorous young shoot, reserving 14 leaves for pinching for vigorous young shoots before flowering, removing main ears, reserving auxiliary ears, retracting longer branch stems, controlling the length of the flower ears to be 5-6 centimeters and the number of the branch stems to be 11-12; normally ripe sunshine rose grapes are generally in a string of 15 leaves and 50 pieces of fruit in a cluster, the ratio of leaves to fruits is 0.3, and 2000-3000 ears of fruit are reserved per mu. If the fruit is ripe in advance, the ratio of leaves to fruits is more than 0.3, and 2000-2500 ears of fruit ears are reserved per mu. If the delayed market is wanted, the ratio of leaves and fruits is less than 0.3, and 2500-3000 ears per mu of fruit cluster are reserved.

(8) Adjusting the fruit diameter: spraying 0.05-0.1% boric acid solution before blossom to improve fruit setting rate;

(9) timely bagging: after the thinning is finished, spraying a disease and pest prevention medicament on the fruit clusters, checking and controlling pests, and covering a special paper bag or a non-woven bag for the sunshine muscat in time after the liquid medicament is dried;

(10) accurate management of water content: monitoring the humidity within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil, and replenishing water when the water content is lower than 20%;

(11) and (3) precise fertilization: tertiary topdressing, tertiary foliar fertilizer and autumn base fertilizer;

root cutting: the roots of the mature trees are cut off in turn in the direction of the diagonal line of the root system every year, and the position of the mature trees is moved outwards every year at the position 1 meter away from the roots for the first time;

(12) accurate pesticide application: performing pest control, including growth period control and pre-harvest control;

(13) fruit ripening: the fruits are harvested according to maturity, the sunny side is harvested firstly, the sunny side is harvested later, and each tree is harvested uniformly.

In the step (2), before the seedlings are planted, roots of the seedlings are dipped in a compound solution containing 2 hundred million CFU (carbon fiber unit) trichoderma liquid 25 times, 3 hundred million live spores/gram trichoderma harzianum wettable powder 40 times, 1000 hundred million live spores/gram bacillus subtilis powder 500 times and 5 hundred million live spores/gram paenibacillus polymyxa 250 times, and 3000-fold protective liquid and rooting powder are added to dip roots of the seedlings, and stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime sulfur mixture.

In the step (4), the biological agent and the chemical agent are jointly used for preventing and treating in any one of the following modes:

(a) 1000 hundred million live spores/gram of bacillus subtilis wettable powder is adopted, and 2000 times of 25 percent pyraclostrobin missible oil or 1500 times of 250 grams/liter azoxystrobin is adopted;

(b) adopting 400 times of 4% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic aqueous solution and 2000 times of 42.4% pyrazole-flutolanil suspending agent;

(c) adopting 1000 times of 3% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 1500 times of 300 g/L pycidoyl kresoxim-methyl suspending agent;

(d) 500 times of 3 percent of zhongshengmycin wettable powder and 2000 times of 75 percent of oxime bacterium tebuconazole water dispersible granules.

In the step (4), the pest detection and control method selects one or more of 1500-fold liquid of 1.5% matrine aqueous solution, 1500-2000-fold liquid of 60 g/L spinetoram suspending agent, 1000-fold liquid of 1% celastrus angulatus aqueous emulsion, 4000-6000-fold liquid of 50% flonicamid nitrile aqueous dispersion particle agent and 1500-fold liquid of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule.

In the step (8), the fruit diameter regulation stage comprises the following three maturation modes:

and (3) conventional maturation: soaking the flower ears with gibberellin of 25mg/L and Bibao of 20 times of liquid for fruit protection for the first time in a full-bloom-full-bloom period, soaking the fruit ears with a solution containing brassinolide of 100mg/L, thidiazuron of 1mg/L, gibberellin of 25mg/L and forchlorfenuron of 2mg/L for expansion every 10-15 days, and ensuring the humidity of field soil after treatment;

and (3) early maturing: soaking the flower ears in a solution containing 50mg/L brassinolide, 1mg/L thidiazuron, 25mg/L gibberellin and 1mg/L forchlorfenuron for 10-15 days to preserve fruit clusters and expand the fruit clusters in the first full-bloom stage by using a solution containing 20mg/L gibberellin and 10 times of betulin;

and (3) delayed ripening: in the first full-bloom stage, 30mg/L gibberellin and 30 times of Biprotection solution are used for soaking the ears for fruit protection, and every 10-15 days, the ears are soaked and expanded by a solution containing 150mg/L brassinolide, 2mg/L thidiazuron, 25mg/L gibberellin and 2mg/L forchlorfenuron.

In the step (9), the spraying of the disease and pest preventing agent on the fruit clusters is one or more of bacillus subtilis, pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics, zhongshengmycin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, pyrazole-flutolanil, amino-oligosaccharide, pyridine-acyl-kresoxim-methyl, oxime bacterium-tebuconazole and the like; the pest checking and controlling method comprises the step of spraying one or more of matrine, spinetoram, celastrol, sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam.

In the step (10), the accurate water management is realized by adopting a drip irrigation facility, two drip irrigation belts are laid on the ground cloth, the distance between each two drip irrigation belts is 10-20cm, the water is replenished in the morning or at night before flowering, the water is not irrigated in the flowering period, the water is replenished in time when the fruit is expanded after setting up the fruit, and the flood irrigation is not carried out in the mature period.

In the step (11), the three topdressing are respectively a pre-flowering fertilizer, a fruit swelling fertilizer and a color transferring fertilizer in the growth period of the young shoots; the tertiary foliar fertilizers are a pre-flowering fertilizer, a fruit expanding fertilizer and a color transferring fertilizer in the growth period of the new shoots respectively; the autumn base fertilizer is one or more of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer which are applied on the ground surface in a scattering way. The method specifically comprises the following steps: after fruits are harvested, base fertilizer is applied to increase the nutrient accumulation of trees, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and micro fertilizer are applied to the ground surface, organic compost of 2000kg or bio-organic fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer of 120 kg or 200 kg or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer of 50-80kg or potassium sulfate of 30-40kg is applied to each mu, the whole garden is ploughed, the fertilizer and soil are mixed to create a proper environment for the root growth, branches of grape plants grow strongly, the leaf surface assimilation is enhanced, and the flower bud formation and the yield increase are facilitated.

In the step (12), the control in the growing period comprises biological control, physical control and chemical control. The composition is mainly used for preventing and treating anthracnose, white rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, brown spot, leafhopper and chafer at the growth period. The biological prevention and control means comprise sex attractant, yellow-blue plate, insecticidal lamp, introduced natural enemy and the like; the chemical prevention and control is carried out by biological agents and chemical agents, such as bacillus subtilis, pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics, zhongshengmycin, pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin; one or more of pyrazole-flutolanil, amino-oligosaccharin, pyridine acyl-kresoxim-methyl and oxime bacterium tebuconazole are selected for combined control. In addition, attention should be paid to pest control, one or two of matrine, spinetoram, celastrol, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam and the like can be adopted.

In the step (12), the pre-harvest control is as follows: thinning dense branches and increasing ventilation and light transmission; trapping and killing adults; flood irrigation is avoided in the mature period of the grapes; and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: protecting leaves with mineral source medicine Bordeaux mixture. The pesticide preparation is prepared with Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate 1 weight portions, lime 0.5-1 weight portions and water 140-180 weight portions) or 80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder 400 times as large as that of rain once for 15-20 days for 2-3 times, and can reduce downy mildew and other diseases and pests.

Has the advantages that: the invention can restore the excellent ecosystem of the vineyard, has healthy soil and tree bodies, prolongs the 6-8 year high yield period of the grapevine, reduces weight and drug and saves cost by over 1000 yuan per mu. The mature period is controllable, the supply period is prolonged by 3 months, the internal and external quality is improved, the hardness is improved by about 1 percent, the sugar degree is improved by 6 to 8 percent, the aroma is also improved, and high-quality and safe fruits are produced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates the effect of different bags on the temperature of the microenvironment for grape growth;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different bags on the moisture of the grape growing microenvironment.

Detailed Description

Example 1: planting place: yangguan of Zhenjiang agricultural science research institute in Jiangsu hilly area.

(1) Preparing soil in a whole circle: in winter (2016 and 12 months) before planting of the sunrose, a garden is built in a garden with better drainage and the underground water level below 0.8m, the mode of planting furrows in the past is changed, a surface soil layer with 0.4-0.5m is turned over in a full-garden mode, 3000kg of organic fertilizer and 100kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of land in a scattering mode, the organic fertilizer and the calcium superphosphate are mixed with soil, planting ridges and drainage ditches are arranged, and a rain shelter and a horizontal shed frame with a ventilating skylight at the top end are built;

(2) seedling planting: selecting 1-year-old sunshine rose grafted seedlings with 5bb varieties, pure and plump buds, middle part thickness of branches of more than 0.4cm, good root systems, uniform distribution and no plant diseases and insect pests, planting in the middle ten days of 2 months to the last ten days of 3 months, before planting the seedlings, dipping the roots in a compound solution containing 2 hundred million CFU trichoderma, 25 times of 3 hundred million live spores, 40 times of 3 hundred million HAZHZ trichoderma wettable powder, 500 times of 1000 million live spores, 500 times of bacillus subtilis powder, 250 times of 5 hundred million live spores, 5000 times of liquid and rooting powder, disinfecting stems by 5 baume lime sulphur, covering roots with straw, covering with black mulching, preserving water and moisture, and reducing the temperature of the ground in summer to be higher than the upper limit temperature of the growth of the root systems of fruit trees, the adverse effect on the growth and physiological function of the root system of the fruit tree, the deterioration of physical properties of soil, the reduction of the total amount and the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and the reduction of yield; installing a trap lamp and hanging a yellow board blue board to trap and kill pests, paving the periphery of roots with straws, and covering the roots with a black mulching film;

(3) tree-shaped cultivation: planting seedlings in the same year, taking 1 strongest strong young sprout as a main branch, removing other sprouts, inserting an auxiliary rod beside the young sprout, binding and fixing the young sprout on the auxiliary rod, binding for 1 time every 20 centimeters, continuously binding, pinching according to the requirements of a rack type, varieties and growth, carrying out tree-shaped cultivation, and completely removing buds on a main trunk;

t-shaped plastic pruning: the plant spacing is 4m, the row spacing is 4m, a No. 10 galvanized iron wire is pulled along the row at a position 20cm below a horizontal canopy frame to serve as a main branch inducing line, pinching is carried out when a new tip of a planted seedling grows to reach the main branch inducing line in the first year, one auxiliary tip which grows robustly is selected to serve as a first main branch and a second main branch on the left and right sides of the lower portion of a pinching opening, the extension head of the main branch grows to 8 months of bottom pinching, the germinated auxiliary tip is reserved with 10 leaves for repeated pinching, and fruiting branches are directly cultured on 2 main branches from the beginning in the 2 nd year;

water content management: when the water holding capacity of the soil is lower than 25%, watering.

(4) And (3) pest control in the seedling stage: before or at the initial stage of disease occurrence, selecting a biological agent and a chemical agent to jointly prevent and treat pests; managing according to the condition of plant diseases and insect pests: adopting 1000 times of 3% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 1500 times of 300 g/L pycidoyl kresoxim-methyl suspending agent; and (3) checking and controlling pests: 1.5 percent of matrine aqueous solution 1500 times, 1 percent of celastrus angulatus aqueous emulsion 1000 times and 25 percent of thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 1500 times are selected for prevention and treatment.

(5) And (3) sprouting management: management is divided into two times: for the first time, after sprouting, spreading 2-3 leaves, and wiping off auxiliary buds and adventitious buds; spreading leaves 6-10 for the second time, wiping off extremely weak and extremely strong buds, binding young shoots when the young shoots grow about 50 cm, binding the young shoots and fruiting mother branches at a vertical angle, wherein the distance between the young shoots is about 20cm, and removing tendrils in time; spraying 5 Baume lime sulphur mixture on the ground of the tree body before germination;

(6) surface management: growing grass naturally in a garden, wherein the grass grows to about 20cm, paving a ground cloth made of black light-proof, air-permeable and water-permeable non-woven fabric on a planting ridge, and influencing the growth of grapes by the ground cloth in a test 4 with the specification of 70g/m²The method has the advantages of keeping soil humidity, reducing humidity in the greenhouse, reducing diseases, improving soil temperature, preventing weeds from continuously growing, preventing weeds covered below from decaying and playing a role in adjusting soil temperature and humidity. After the grapes are harvested, the ground fabric is harvested for the next year; ploughing the soil surface, using rotten grass as organic matter, exposing the soil surface to facilitate autumn fertilization, freezing in winter, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and killing insect eggs and disease germs of pests;

(7) adjusting the ratio of leaves to fruits: reserving flower ears according to the growth condition of young shoots, reserving 1-2 flower ears for 1 medium-inferior young shoots, reserving 2 flower ears for 1 vigorous young shoot, reserving 14 leaves for pinching for vigorous young shoots before flowering, removing main ears, reserving auxiliary ears, retracting longer branch stems, controlling the length of the flower ears to be 5-6 centimeters and the number of the branch stems to be 11-12; 15 leaves and fruits in a string, the number of the fruits and the thinning of the string is about 50, and the ratio of the leaves and the fruits is 0.3.

(8) Adjusting the fruit diameter: spraying 0.05-0.1% boric acid solution before blossom to improve fruit setting rate; see test 5 for a specific treatment.

(9) Timely bagging: after the thinning is finished, spraying an insect-resistant medicament on the fruit clusters, checking and controlling insects, covering a sunshine rose grape special paper bag in time after the liquid medicine is dried, and testing 3 shows that the influence of different fruit bag colors on the quality of the sunshine grapes; spraying the disease and pest preventing agent to the fruit clusters, namely spraying bacillus subtilis, azoxystrobin and pyrazole-flutolanil; spraying matrine and thiamethoxam to check and treat pests, and referring to the product specification for the dosage and the use method.

(10) Accurate management of water content: monitoring the humidity within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil, and replenishing water when the water content is lower than 20%; drip irrigation facilities are adopted, two drip irrigation belts are laid below ground cloth, four drip irrigation belts are arranged on each side, the distance between each two drip irrigation belts is 10-20cm from a trunk, water is supplemented in the morning or at night before flowering, water is supplemented in time before flowering, water is not irrigated in the flowering period, water is supplemented in time when fruits are swelled after fruit setting, and flood irrigation is not carried out in the mature period.

(11) And (3) precise fertilization: tertiary topdressing, tertiary foliar fertilizer and autumn base fertilizer; the third topdressing is respectively a pre-flowering fertilizer, a fruit expanding fertilizer and a color transferring fertilizer in the growth period of the young shoots;

topdressing: the results of the effect of the additional fertilizer on the grapes are shown in experiment 2, in the first mode: 3 kilograms/mu of Yikunjian microbial fertilizer, 20 kilograms/mu of Yikunjian high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer and 2 kilograms/mu of fulvic acid potassium are adopted; the second method comprises the following steps: 2 kg/mu of the wuer microbial inoculum, 3 kg/mu of polyglutamic acid and the contents in the early and middle stages: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 15-15-30+ TE), 5 jin/mu/time; color conversion period: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 15-15-30+ TE), and 5 kilograms are used per mu per time; the third method comprises the following steps: 5 kg/mu of EM bacteria, 2 kg/mu of humic acid fertilizer and in the early and middle stages: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 20-20-20+ TE), 5 jin/mu/time; color conversion period: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 15-15-30+ TE), and 5 kilograms are used per mu per time; the method is as follows: applying fruit swelling fertilizer before flowering, wherein the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 20-20-20+ TE), and 10 kilograms per mu per time; color conversion fertilizer: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 15-15-30+ TE), and 10 kilograms per mu.

The three-time leaf fertilizers are respectively a pre-flowering fertilizer, a swelling fruit fertilizer and a color-changing fertilizer in the growth period of new shoots, specifically 3000 times of suspended calcium produced by Italy SCL group (a medium element water-soluble fertilizer), 300 times of carbon strength produced by Nanjing Jiadi agriculture science and technology limited company, 500 times of Wurun produced by Hebai and Baishida (India) limited company produced by Germany Sainur, and the dosage of each period is shown in Table 1.

Base fertilizer in autumn: 2000kg of organic compost, 80kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 30kg of potassium sulfate phosphate fertilizer and 200 kg of Yikun Jian microbial fertilizer are applied to each mu of the field as bacterial fertilizers.

Root cutting: the roots of the mature trees are cut off in turn in the direction of the diagonal line of the root system every year, and the position of the mature trees is moved outwards every year at the position 1m away from the roots for the first time so as to promote secondary rooting, so that the roots are robust and fertilizer absorption is promoted.

(12) Accurate pesticide application: performing pest control, including growth period control and pre-harvest control; controlling anthracnose, white rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, brown spot, leafhopper and chafer during growth period, wherein the control method comprises the steps of arranging a yellow blue plate and an insecticidal lamp; broadcasting the bacillus subtilis, the pyraclostrobin and the azoxystrobin. And the pests are checked and controlled by adopting the combination of matrine and thiamethoxam.

Before harvesting, pesticide application is prohibited according to pesticide use standards, and before harvesting, control is carried out: thinning dense branches and increasing ventilation and light transmission; trapping and killing adults; flood irrigation is avoided in the mature period of the grapes; and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: protecting leaves with mineral source medicine Bordeaux mixture. The chemical agent is prepared from self-prepared Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate 1 weight portions, calcium lime 0.5-1 weight portions, and water 140-180 weight portions).

(13) Fruit ripening: the fruits are harvested according to maturity, the sunny side is harvested firstly, the sunny side is harvested later, and each tree is harvested uniformly. When pruning is carried out in winter, weak branches are thinned out, thick branches are thinned out, branch quantity is adjusted according to branch density, the bearing branches are not too dense or too thin in the next year, and 1-2 buds of the sun rose variety are reserved for pruning.

Test 1: foliage fertilizer

Variety: the sun rose cultivation method comprises the following steps: bird type, age of tree: for more than 4 years. Fertilizing for 3 times: respectively the fertilizer for the young sprout growth period (pre-flowering fertilizer), the fruit swelling fertilizer and the color transferring fertilizer. Three trees are processed in each process, three parallel processes are performed in each process, and management measures are consistent.

TABLE 1 different foliar fertilizers for the growth treatment of sunshine grapes

TABLE 2 results of the Effect of different foliar fertilizers on the growth of the sunlight grapes

TABLE 3 Effect of different foliar fertilizers on the color difference of the sunlight grapes

From tables 2-3, it can be seen that suspended calcium has an inhibitory effect on stem thickness, effectively reduces acidity, promotes fruit enlargement by carbon strength, increases single fruit weight, increases sugar degree and aroma, and increases fruit hardness by increasing fruit body. In color, a represents red and green, b represents blue and yellow, and suspended calcium has a large influence on coloring and is good for home.

Test 2: topdressing

Variety: the sun rose cultivation method comprises the following steps: bird type, age of tree: for more than 4 years. Fertilizing for 3 times: the fertilizer is a pre-flowering fertilizer, a fruit expanding fertilizer and a color transferring fertilizer in the growth period of young shoots. Each treatment was 3 trees, and each treatment was set up in triplicate. The root is applied 30-80 cm, and water is added for pouring (according to soil condition, shallow trench cave application, etc.), and each plant is 5-8 kg water. The management measures are consistent.

Fertilization design:

treatment 1 (C1): yikunjian microbial fertilizer is 3 kilograms per mu, Yikunjian high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 20 kilograms per mu and fulvic acid potassium is 2 kilograms per mu;

treatment 2 (C2): 2 kg/mu of the wuer microbial inoculum and 3 kg/mu of polyglutamic acid, the early and middle stages: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 20-20-20+ TE), 5 jin/mu/time; color conversion period: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 15-15-30+ TE), and 5 kilograms per mu per time.

Treatment 3 (C3): 5 kg/mu of EM bacteria, 2 kg/mu of humic acid fertilizer, early and middle stages: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 20-20-20+ TE), 5 jin/mu/time; color conversion period: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 15-15-30+ TE), and 5 kilograms per mu per time.

Treatment 4 (C4): applying fruit swelling fertilizer before flowering, wherein the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 20-20-20+ TE), and 10 kilograms per mu per time; color conversion fertilizer: the fertility is high (the content of effective components is 15-15-30+ TE), and 10 kilograms per mu.

TABLE 4 Effect of different topdressing treatments on the quality of the solar grapes

TABLE 5 Effect of different topdressing treatments on the color difference of solar grapes

As can be seen from the table, treatment 3 had an inhibitory effect on the stem thickness, and treatment 2 had an accelerating effect; the weight increasing effect of the treatment 1 and the treatment 3 is obvious, the treatment 2 and the treatment 4 effectively improve the solid content, the treatment 1 effectively reduces the acidity, the treatment 1 has a promoting effect on the fruit expansion, and the treatment 2 can increase the fruit hardness. In color, a represents red and green, and b represents blue and yellow, and the treatment 1 has a large influence on coloring. The treatment was performed 2 times.

Test 3: influence of microenvironment change caused by different fruit bags on grape fruit quality

The test is carried out in the Yangyi field of Zhenjiang agricultural science research institute in Jiangsu hilly area from 5 months to 9 months in 2019. The test material is 6-year-old Bedah-grafted sunshine muscat, 40 plants with consistent growth vigor are selected, the plant row spacing is 3m multiplied by 3m, rain sheltering cultivation is carried out, a bird type is adopted for the tree form and matched with a horizontal leaf screen, a water and fertilizer integration technology is adopted for fertilizer and water management, and inflorescence treatment and other management are similar to the conventional technology.

Bagging the clusters in 25 days after 6 months (30 days after fruit setting). In order to eliminate the tree body difference, only 20 clusters with similar spike shapes are selected on the horizontal frame surface of each tree after the grapes are set, 10 clusters are randomly selected on each tree during bagging treatment, and 3 treatments of a Japanese white paper bag, a green bag, a non-woven fabric blue bag and a double-layer paper bag (white outside and black inside) are respectively arranged by taking the white paper bag as a contrast. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the change in temperature and humidity in the bag was measured on days 9, 10, and the abscissa of fig. 1 and 2 is a time axis. And in 14 days after 9 months, randomly sampling when the fruits are mature, collecting 10 fruit grains from each cluster during sampling, considering the upper part, the middle part, the lower part, the front part, the rear part, the left part and the right part of the cluster, and immediately taking the cluster back to a laboratory for storage for later use after sampling. The fruit bag used in the test was a grape dedicated paper bag, the size of which was 30cm x 20 cm.

TABLE 6 influence of the change in microenvironment on the quality of the grape fruit due to different fruit bags

TABLE 7 influence of the change of microenvironment on the color difference of the grape fruit caused by different fruit bags

Treatment of	L	a	b	h	c
						Green	47.62±1.73Aa	-0.18±0.42Aa	21.11±1.71Aab	90.5±1.14Aa	21.11±1.71Aa
Day(s)	44.01±1.05Bb	0.37±0.98Aa	17.27±1.24Aa	88.64±3.27Aa	17.31±1.23Ab
						Double is	46.15±1.4ABab	-0.68±0.52Aa	20.03±1.61Aab	91.85±1.31Aa	20.05±1.62Aab
CK	45.37±0.86ABab	0.12±1.14Aa	19.89±1.5Ab	89.8±3.04Aa	19.91±1.53Aab

As can be seen from the results in tables 6 and 7, the green bag is the most preferable in view of the combination of temperature and humidity, firmness, hardness, fruit shape index, weight of single grains, color and the like in the bag.

Test 4: influence of different ground covering modes on growth and development of grapes

The test is arranged in a test field of Huayang Zhenjiang agricultural institute in sentence capacity city, the soil to be tested is yellow loam, and the fertility is medium.

Sun rose grapes were grown for 5 years in a rain sheltering manner, trellis cultivated, and 2 treatments were set for the experiment, each treatment being 3 replicates. The 2 treatments were: treatment 1 was a cover fabric and treatment 2 was a control. The ridge width is 3 meters, and the planting distance is 3 meters.

TABLE 8 influence of different ground coverage patterns on grape growth

Treatment of	Average leaf weight/g	Weight per gram of single particle	Average sugar content/%)
				Ground cloth	7.78	10.26	15.1
Control	5.11	9.18	14.77

TABLE 9 Effect of different coverage patterns of outdoor summer black grapes on downy mildew

As can be seen from tables 8 to 9, when the ground cloth is laid, the leaf weight is increased, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the single-grain weight is increased, the sugar content is increased, the disease control effect is improved, and the disease index is reduced.

Test 5: swelling fruit test

The sun rose grapes cultivated in the facility are treated 12-14 days after blooming.

The test was assigned a total of 3 treatments and no treatments as Control (CK):

p1: the first time in the full-bloom stage: soaking the ears with gibberellin 25mg/L and Bibao 20 times of liquid for fruit protection, and soaking the ears with solution containing brassinolide 100mg/L, thidiazuron 1mg/L, gibberellin 25mg/L and forchlorfenuron 2mg/L for 10-15 days to expand. After treatment, large water and large fertilizer are needed, and particularly, the soil humidity in the field is continuously ensured.

P2: the first time in the full-bloom stage: soaking the flower ears in a solution containing 20mg/L gibberellin and 10 times of Bibao for fruit protection, and soaking the fruit ears in a solution containing 50mg/L brassinolide, 1mg/L thidiazuron, 25mg/L gibberellin and 1mg/L forchlorfenuron for expansion every 10-15 days.

P3: the first time in the full-bloom stage: soaking the flower ears in 30mg/L gibberellin solution and 30 times of Biprotection solution for fruit protection, and soaking the fruit ears in solution containing brassinolide 150mg/L, thidiazuron 2mg/L, gibberellin 25mg/L and forchlorfenuron 2mg/L for 10-15 days to expand.

TABLE 10 influence of swelling treatment after blooming of sunshine muscat cultivated by facility on grape quality

Influence of swelling treatment on grape color difference after flower filling of sunshine muscat cultivated in facility shown in table 11

As can be seen from the table, the fruit shape was smaller and the ripening was earlier with the P2 treatment, the fruit shape was medium with the P1 fruit shape and the ripening period was medium, and the fruit shape was larger and the ripening was later with the P3 fruit shape. The other indexes have little difference.

Claims (10)

1. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling the sunshine rose vineyard is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) preparing soil in a whole circle: in winter of the previous year of planting the sunflowers, selecting a garden with better drainage and a ground water level below 0.8m to build a garden, arranging planting ridges and drainage ditches, and building a rain shelter and a horizontal shed frame with a ventilating skylight at the top end;

(2) seedling planting: selecting 1-year-old sunshine rose grafted seedlings with 5bb or 3309m rootstocks, pure varieties, full buds, middle thickness of branches of more than 0.4cm, good root systems, uniform distribution and no diseases and insect pests, planting the grafted seedlings in the middle ten days of 2 months to the last ten days of 3 months, installing trap lamps and hanging yellow board blue boards, trapping and killing insects, fully spreading straws around roots, and covering the seedlings with black mulching films;

(3) tree-shaped cultivation: planting seedlings in the same year, taking 1 strongest strong young shoot as a main branch, removing other young shoots, inserting an auxiliary rod beside the young shoot, binding and fixing the young shoot on the auxiliary rod, pinching, performing tree-shaped cultivation, and wiping off all buds on a main trunk;

t-shaped plastic pruning: the plant spacing is 4m, the row spacing is 4m, a main branch inducing line is pulled along the row direction at a position 20cm below a horizontal canopy frame, pinching is carried out when a new tip of a planted seedling grows to the main branch inducing line in the first year, one auxiliary tip which grows robustly is selected to serve as a first main branch and a second main branch respectively on the left side and the right side of the lower portion of a pinching opening, the extension head of the main branch grows to 8 months bottom pinching, the germinated auxiliary tip is reserved with 10 leaves for repeated pinching, and fruiting branches are directly cultured on 2 main branches from the 2 nd year;

water content management: when the water holding capacity of the soil is lower than 25%, watering;

(4) and (3) pest control in the seedling stage: before or at the initial stage of disease occurrence, selecting a biological agent and a chemical agent to jointly prevent and treat pests;

(5) and (3) sprouting management: management is divided into two times: for the first time, after sprouting, spreading 2-3 leaves, and wiping off auxiliary buds and adventitious buds; spreading leaves 6-10 for the second time, wiping off extremely weak and extremely strong buds, binding young shoots when the young shoots grow about 50 cm, binding the young shoots and fruiting mother branches at a vertical angle, wherein the distance between the young shoots is about 20cm, and removing tendrils in time; spraying 30 times of 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture or 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture on the ground of the tree body before germination;

(6) surface management: growing grass naturally in the garden, wherein the grass grows to about 20cm, planting on the ridges, laying a ground cloth made of a black light-proof, breathable and water-permeable woven bag or non-woven fabric with the specification of 70g/m²After the grapes are harvested, the ground fabric is harvested for the next year; ploughing the soil surface, taking rotten grass as organic matter, exposing the soil surface to facilitate fertilization in autumn, freezing and cutting in winter, and killing insect eggs and disease germs of pests;

(7) adjusting the ratio of leaves to fruits: reserving flower ears according to the growth condition of young shoots, reserving 1-2 flower ears for 1 medium-inferior young shoots, reserving 2 flower ears for 1 vigorous young shoot, reserving 14 leaves for pinching for vigorous young shoots before flowering, removing main ears, reserving auxiliary ears, retracting longer branch stems, controlling the length of the flower ears to be 5-6 centimeters and the number of the branch stems to be 11-12;

(8) adjusting the fruit diameter: spraying 0.05-0.1% boric acid solution before blossom to improve fruit setting rate;

(9) timely bagging: after the thinning is finished, spraying a disease and pest prevention medicament on the fruit clusters, checking and controlling pests, and covering a special paper bag or a non-woven bag for the sunshine muscat in time after the liquid medicament is dried;

(10) accurate management of water content: monitoring the humidity within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil, and replenishing water when the water content is lower than 20%;

(11) and (3) precise fertilization: tertiary topdressing, tertiary foliar fertilizer and autumn base fertilizer;

root cutting: the roots of the mature trees are cut off in turn in the direction of the diagonal line of the root system every year, and the position of the mature trees is moved outwards every year at the position 1 meter away from the roots for the first time;

(12) accurate pesticide application: performing pest control, including growth period control and pre-harvest control;

(13) fruit ripening: the fruits are harvested according to maturity, the sunny side is harvested firstly, the sunny side is harvested later, and each tree is harvested uniformly.

2. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), before the seedlings are planted, roots of the seedlings are dipped in a compound solution containing 2 hundred million CFU trichoderma 25-fold liquid, 3 hundred million live spores/gram trichoderma harzianum wettable powder 40-fold liquid, 1000 hundred million live spores/gram bacillus subtilis powder 500-fold liquid, 5 hundred million live spores/gram paenibacillus polymyxa 250-fold liquid, Carex 3000-fold liquid and rooting powder, and stems are disinfected by a lime sulfur mixture with the Baume degree of 3-5 Baume degrees.

3. The method for ecologically controlling the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the biological agent and the chemical agent are used for controlling in any one of the following ways:

(a) 1000 hundred million live spores/gram of bacillus subtilis wettable powder is adopted, and 2000 times of 25 percent pyraclostrobin missible oil or 1500 times of 250 grams/liter azoxystrobin is adopted;

(b) adopting 400 times of 4% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic aqueous solution and 2000 times of 42.4% pyrazole-flutolanil suspending agent;

(c) adopting 1000 times of 3% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 1500 times of 300 g/L pycidoyl kresoxim-methyl suspending agent;

(d) 500 times of 3 percent of zhongshengmycin wettable powder and 2000 times of 75 percent of oxime bacterium tebuconazole water dispersible granules.

4. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the pest checking and controlling is one or more of 1500-fold liquid of 1.5% matrine aqueous solution, 1500-fold liquid of 60 g/L spinetoram suspension-2000-fold liquid, 1000-fold liquid of 1% celastrol aqueous emulsion, 4000-6000-fold liquid of 50% flonicamid nitrile aqueous dispersion particle agent and 1500-fold liquid of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule.

5. The method for ecologically regulating the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (8), the fruit diameter regulating stage comprises the following three maturation modes:

and (3) conventional maturation: soaking the flower ears with gibberellin of 25mg/L and Bibao of 20 times of liquid for fruit protection for the first time in a full-bloom-full-bloom stage, soaking the fruit ears with a solution containing brassinolide of 100mg/L, thidiazuron of 1mg/L, gibberellin of 25mg/L and forchlorfenuron of 2mg/L for expansion every 10-15 days, and ensuring the field soil humidity after treatment;

and (3) early maturing: soaking the ears of flowers in a solution containing 50mg/L brassinolide, 1mg/L thidiazuron, 25mg/L gibberellin and 1mg/L forchlorfenuron for 10-15 days to preserve fruits for the first time in a full-bloom-full-bloom stage, and soaking the ears of flowers for expansion by using a solution containing 50mg/L brassinolide, 1mg/L thidiazuron, 25mg/L gibberellin and 1mg/L forchlorfenuron;

and (3) delayed ripening: in the full-bloom stage, the first time, 30mg/L gibberellin and 30 times of Biprotection solution are used for soaking the ears for fruit protection, and every 10-15 days, the ears are soaked in a solution containing 150mg/L brassinolide, 2mg/L thidiazuron, 25mg/L gibberellin and 2mg/L forchlorfenuron for fruit expansion.

6. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (9), the step of spraying the disease and pest preventing agent on the fruit clusters is one or more of bacillus subtilis, pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics, zhongshengmycin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, pyrazole-flutolanil, amino-oligosaccharin, pyridine-kresoxim-methyl, oxime bacterium tebuconazole and the like; the pest checking and controlling method comprises the step of spraying one or more of matrine, spinetoram, celastrol, sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam.

7. The method for ecologically controlling the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (10), the precise water management is realized by adopting a drip irrigation facility, two drip irrigation belts are laid under the ground cloth, the number of the drip irrigation belts is four, the drip irrigation belts are respectively 10-20cm away from the trunk, the water is replenished in the morning or at night before flowering, the irrigation is not carried out in the flowering period, the water is replenished in the time of fruit swelling after fruit setting, and the flooding irrigation is not carried out in the mature period.

8. The method for ecologically controlling the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (11), the three topdressers are a pre-flowering fertilizer, a fruit swelling fertilizer and a color transferring fertilizer in the growth period of the young sprout; the tertiary foliar fertilizers are a pre-flowering fertilizer, a fruit expanding fertilizer and a color transferring fertilizer in the growth period of the new shoots respectively; the autumn base fertilizer is one or more of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer which are applied on the ground surface in a scattering way.

9. The method for ecologically controlling the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (12), the control in the growing period comprises the adoption of biological control, physical control and chemical control.

10. The method for ecologically regulating the sunshine rose vineyard according to claim 1, wherein in the step (12), the pre-harvest control is: thinning dense branches and increasing ventilation and light transmission; trapping and killing adults; flood irrigation is avoided in the mature period of the grapes; and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: protecting leaves with mineral source medicine Bordeaux mixture.

Images