CN104521579B - Cherry dense and dwarf planting method - Google Patents
Cherry dense and dwarf planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521579B CN104521579B CN201410854700.7A CN201410854700A CN104521579B CN 104521579 B CN104521579 B CN 104521579B CN 201410854700 A CN201410854700 A CN 201410854700A CN 104521579 B CN104521579 B CN 104521579B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention provides a cherry dense and dwarf planting method and relates to the field of fruit farming. The method comprises the steps of selection of rootstock varieties, rootstock cuttage, management of nursery lands, grafting, field planting, shaping and pruning and management during the flowering stage and the fruiting stage. Cherry trees with low trunks and short crowns are obtained by grafting Gisela or Colt rootstocks, and the survival rate of the cherry trees is high; ridge beds are covered with grass or films, so loss of soil and nutrient substances is reduced, evaporation of water in orchard soil can be reduced during a drought, and hydrops and waterlogging can be prevented in a rainy season; healing agents are used for accelerating healing of girdling wounds and controlling loss of the nutrient substances and the water. Cherries growing on the cherry trees are high and stable in yield, bright in color, crystalline, glittering, beautiful and high in sweetness, greatly improve market competitiveness and bring economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of fruit tree is and in particular to a kind of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi intensive dwarfing planting method.
Background technology
Large cherry is nutritious, is beneficial to health, is described as " early spring first fruit " always, in recent years, with people
Increase to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi demand, Cold region apple has become the trend of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi plantation, and dwarfing Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi tree body is little, and floor space is little, fits
When dense planting not only can solve the nervous situation in current soil, by specific yield, cherry can be improved to the adjustment of implantation methods
Peach fruit is in good taste, meets the market demand.
Downgrading semi-dwarfing rootstock kind has " Gisela 6 ", " examining spy " etc..Wherein Gisela dwarfing rootstock has precocity walnut
By force, yield height, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, anti-barren the features such as, compared with conventional stock, can significantly shift to an earlier date the high yield period of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, general 2～3
Year visible fruit, can get bumper crops for 5 years, and Growth status are healthy and strong, and garden is mutually overall, cold-resistant drought resisting, high and stable yield.Examine special stock and not only breed appearance
Easily, and grafting affinity is strong, growth is vigorous, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, waterlogging, is the excellent stock of large cherry.In recent years, using short
Change stock, the corresponding cultivation management techniques such as the pruning of layer shape are dredged using free spindle, improved-spindle, coronule, can make
Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi current-year branch forms high-quality bud it is achieved that Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is downgraded, morning is real, the purpose of high-yield cultivating.
Content of the invention
Object of the present invention is to provide a kind of intensive dwarfing planting method of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi.The technical scheme is that so
Realize: a kind of intensive dwarfing planting method of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, comprise the following steps:
(1) select stock variety: select the Gisela of no disease and pests harm or examine special stock grafting kind；
(2) stock cuttage: First Year 5～September part, stock twig is cut into the segment of 20cm, in insertion cutting bed, cuttage
Bed fine sand humidity is 80～90%, and canopy temperature is 20～30 DEG C；
(3) nursery lot management: every mu of ground uses 3000～4000 kilograms of corn straw and faggot, digs 10～15cm deep, OK
Away from the ditch for 20～25cm, then stock transplantation of seedlings in it, was applied a nitrogenous fertilizer, each consumption 6～8 is public every 1～2 month
Pound/acre, chesson when applying fertilizer every time；
(4) grafting: 3～April of Second Year, using bud grafting method graft stock Seedling；
(5) it is colonized: in the 3rd year 3～April, select on the sunny side, Acid soil, ridge platform is opened according to 2.5～3 meters of line-spacings
Planting furrow, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, deep 20 centimetres of hole, the nursery stock of grafting is carried out root dipping with abt7 root-inducing powder 15～30ppm,
By the nursery stock kind after root dipping in planting furrow, the spacing of adjacent two nursery stocks is 2.5～3 meters, pours root water；
Apply a nitrogenous fertilizer every other month, September part applies fertilizer, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after field planting；
(7) pruning:
First Year, fixed dry: heading height is 60～80 centimetres, and smears 25～35% paraffin wax emulsions in clip, simultaneously
Strengthen rich water；
Second Year, prunes, draws branch: spring draws branch, and ground floor major branch base angle pulls open to 80 degree, 65～70 degree of tip angle, auxiliary foster
80～90 degree of angle of release of branch, bud, cutting back in the same time；
3rd year, band girdle: in side shoot near the bifurcation of trunk, carve two in a week with icking tool ring branch and go deep into bast zone
Circle, about 5 millimeters of width, bark is peelled off, band girdle phloem consolidant smears wound one circle, then is packed tightly with thin film and use rope
Son binding two ends；
(8) flowers and fruits period management: include rich water quality management, pollination, spray on plants hormone.
Preferably, in described step (7) pruning consolidant by polyvinyl acetate 7-10 part, polyvinyl alcohol
0.1-0.2 part, gibberellins 0.1-0.6 part, copper 8-quinolinolate 0.5-0.6 part, 0.23 part of 6- benzyl aminoadenine and naphthalene acetic acid
0.02-0.1 part forms.
Preferably, described step (8) flowers and fruits period management, keeps the environmental condition that thermophilic is dried, and day temperature controls
18～22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be not less than 10 DEG C, not higher than 30 DEG C of other period day temperatures, relative air humidity is 50%～
60%, such as continuous rainy weather, practicable artificially feed.
The present invention considers the internal and external factor of impact cherry tree growth, finds out the cherry tree being suitable for Liaoning Province region
Implantation methods, the implantation methods of the present invention are by following characteristics:
1. select aubergine, large fruit, hard meat, high yield new varieties, mainly have " red light ", " Brooks ", " U.S. early ",
" Sang Tina ", " Sa Mituo ", " triumph ", " friendship ", " sweetie " etc., realize early, middle and late cooked food kind reasonably combined, by region
With the configuration of morning, noon and afternoon cooked food kind, extend the fresh fruit supply phase.Pollinated variety combination is matched according to s genotype, selects and main breed
The pollinated variety that pollination is affine, the florescence is consistent.
2. promote robust growth, downgrade semi-dwarfing rootstock kind " Gisela 6 ", " examining spy " etc..Gisela stock grafting
Kind, tree body is downgraded, early real high yield, does sth. in advance 2～3 annual bearings compared with Folium Isatidiss stock, examines special stock grafting kind, Growth status are good for
Strong, garden is mutually overall, cold-resistant drought resisting, high and stable yield.
3. adopt specular removal tree-like, carry out low dry short 2.5～3 meters of dense planting seeding row spacing of being preced with and cultivate, clump form wide row dense planting, early
Real high yield；Clump form tree crown is short, convenient harvesting, suitably detains canopy.
4. adopt platform Root growth, ridge band covers grass or overlay film, reduces the loss of soil and nutrient, can reduce fruit when arid
The evaporation of Orchard Soil moisture, prevents hydrops waterlogging during rainy season.Conditional orchard carries out inter-row green covering, improves orchard climate condition
And the soil moisture.
5. consolidant can effectively accelerate the healing rate of branch wound, and polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol can
To quickly form layer protecting film, effectively prevent the loss of nutrient substance, moisture can also be kept, be conducive to the growth of branch.
6. adopt environment conditioning technology, improve ground temperature ahead of time, in first 30～40 days ridgings the covered ground black ground of heating up
Film.Using slow temperature-raising method, the florescence keeps the environmental condition that thermophilic is dried, and day temperature controls in 18～22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature
It is not less than 10 DEG C, not higher than 30 DEG C of other period day temperatures.Relative air humidity is 50%～60%.In case of continuously overcast and rainy
Gas, practicable artificially feed.
7. carry out minimum facility cultivation technique, both can anti-late frost, anti-fruit-cracking, anti-bird pest, can do sth. in advance maturation, upgrading increasing again
Effect.
8. nuisanceless pest control techniques: promote detoxification nursery stock, prevention root knot before field planting, fruit growth period reduces medication
Or use public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals less, advocate Biological control.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by grafting Gisela or examine special stock, prune low
The dry, cherry tree of short hat, cherry tree survival rate is high；Ridge platform covers grass or overlay film, reduces the loss of soil and nutrient, can when arid
Reduce the evaporation of orchard soil moisture, during rainy season, prevent hydrops waterlogging；The use of consolidant, makes band girdle wound healing acceleration, and
Control the loss of nutrient substance and moisture；The tied cherry yield of cherry tree is high and stable, bright in colour, sparkling and crystal-clear beauty, sugariness
Height, greatly improves the market competitiveness, brings economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical scheme is further described below.Experimental technique described in embodiment
If no special instructions, it is conventional method, the raw material described in embodiment is all commercially available if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1
(1) select stock variety: from the Gisela stock variety of no disease and pests harm；
(2) stock cuttage: First Year 5～September part, stock twig is cut into the segment of 20cm, in insertion cutting bed, cuttage
Bed, using moistening fine sand, because Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi belongs to the seeds being not only afraid of drought but also being afraid of flood, keeps sand loose, can be conducive to stock to the greatest extent
Take root soon, therefore the humidity of fine sand should control 80～90%, judge that humidity can adopt following method, that is, be held by hand one
Sand, if hold can be agglomerating, one touch dissipate, then moisture is suitable；Rootstock seedling is afraid of freeze injury, and the therefore temperature control in booth exists
20～30 DEG C about, the stock to Autumn Cutting grows healthy and strong root system, you can be transplanted to nursery lot.
(3) nursery lot management: every mu of ground uses 3000～4000 kilograms of corn straw, faggots etc., digs 10～15cm deep, OK
Away from the ditch for 20～25cm, then by stock transplantation of seedlings in it, little water duty is poured simultaneously, applies a nitrogenous fertilizer every 1～2 month,
6～8 kgs/acre of consumption every time, when applying fertilizer every time, chesson is it is ensured that rootstock seedling freely breathes；
(4) grafting: after a year cultivates, Second Year 3～April of spring gets final product grafting to the cherry tree of multiple kinds, grafting
Method can be connect using this area routine techniquess means such as bud, first quarter moon after grafting, checks whether grafting survives, if do not survive should
Mend in time and connect, topdress in time, meanwhile, little water duty is poured, repeatedly, on a small quantity；, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer for early stage；
(5) be colonized: the 3rd year 3～April, select on the sunny side, the soil of slant acidity, plough deeply leveling, on the platform of ridge according to
2.5～3 meters of line-spacing trench diggings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, deep 20 centimetres of hole；Will be separated to the raw-soil, mellow soil, watered with base manure
Thoroughly, rotting of fertilizer can be promoted；The nursery stock of grafting is carried out root dipping with abt7 root-inducing powder 25ppm, by the Seedling after root dipping
Wood is planted in planting furrow, and the spacing of adjacent two nursery stocks is 2.5～3 meters, pours root water, and ridge platform covers one layer of rice straw；
Apply a nitrogenous fertilizer every other month, September part applies fertilizer, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after field planting；
(6) pruning: by trimming and finishing, control the height of tree further, reach the purpose of dwarfing, because being colonized latter 3 years
Large cherry starts result, and therefore, field planting the first three years are mostly important.
First Year, fixed dry: heading height is 60～80 centimetres, and smears 25～35% paraffin wax emulsions in clip, less
The loss of moisture, strengthens rich water simultaneously；
Second Year, prunes, draws branch: spring draws branch, and ground floor major branch base angle pulls open to 80 degree, 65～70 degree of tip angle, auxiliary foster
80～90 degree of angle of release of branch, bud, cutting back in the same time；
3rd year, band girdle: in side shoot near the bifurcation of trunk, carve two in a week with icking tool ring branch and go deep into bast zone
Circle, about 5 millimeters of width, bark is peelled off, band girdle phloem consolidant smears wound one circle, then is packed tightly with thin film and use rope
Son binding two ends, consolidant is by 7 parts of polyvinyl acetate, 0.1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1 part of gibberellins, 8-hydroxyquinoline
0.5 part of copper, 0.23 part of 6- benzyl aminoadenine and naphthalene acetic acid 0.02-0.1 part composition.
After 3rd year critical period, tree-like basicly stable, shaping, control the height of tree.
(7) flowers and fruits period management: include rich water quality management, pollination, spray on plants hormone；
During flowers and fruits period management, keep thermophilic be dried environmental condition, day temperature control 18～22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature not
Less than 10 DEG C, not higher than 30 DEG C of other period day temperatures, relative air humidity is 50%～60%, in case of continuously overcast and rainy
Gas, practicable artificially feed.
Listed above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to above reality in any form
Apply example, can also have many deformation.Those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from present disclosure or associate
The all deformation arrived, are all considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of intensive dwarfing planting method of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) select stock variety: select the Gisela of no disease and pests harm or examine special stock grafting kind；
(2) stock cuttage: First Year 5～September part, stock twig is cut into the segment of 20cm, in insertion cutting bed, cutting bed is thin
Husky humidity is 80～90%, and canopy temperature is 20～30 DEG C；
(3) nursery lot management: every mu of ground uses 3000～4000 kilograms of corn straw and faggot, digs 10～15cm deeply, line-spacing is
The ditch of 20～25cm, then by stock transplantation of seedlings in it, applied a nitrogenous fertilizer every 1～2 month, and 6～8 kilograms of each consumption/
Mu, chesson when applying fertilizer every time；
(4) grafting: 3～April of Second Year, using bud grafting method graft stock Seedling；
(5) it is colonized: in the 3rd year 3～April, select on the sunny side, Acid soil, ridge platform is opened according to 2.5～3 meters of line-spacings and plants
Ditch, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, deep 20 centimetres of hole, the nursery stock of grafting is carried out root dipping with abt7 root-inducing powder 15～30ppm, will dip in
Nursery stock kind after root is 2.5～3 meters, pours root water in planting furrow, the spacing of adjacent two nursery stocks, and ridge platform covers one layer of Caulis et Folium Oryzae
Straw, leaveves, grass or thin film；
Apply a nitrogenous fertilizer every other month, September part applies fertilizer, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after field planting；
(6) pruning:
First Year, fixed dry: heading height is 60～80 centimetres, and smears 25～35% paraffin wax emulsions in clip, strengthens simultaneously
Rich water；
Second Year, prunes, draws branch: spring draws branch, and ground floor major branch base angle pulls open to 80 degree, 65～70 degree of tip angle, and auxiliary support branch is opened
80～90 degree of angle, bud, cutting back in the same time；
3rd year, band girdle: in side shoot near the bifurcation of trunk, carve two in a week with icking tool ring branch and go deep into bast zone
Circle, about 5 millimeters of width, bark is peelled off, band girdle phloem consolidant smears wound one circle, then is packed tightly with thin film and use rope
Binding two ends；
(7) flowers and fruits period management: include rich water quality management, pollination, spray on plants hormone；
In described step (6) pruning, consolidant is by polyvinyl acetate 7-10 part, and polyvinyl alcohol 0.1-0.2 part is red
Mycin 0.1-0.6 part, copper 8-quinolinolate 0.5-0.6 part, 0.23 part of 6- benzyl aminoadenine and naphthalene acetic acid 0.02-0.1 part group
Become.
2. a kind of intensive dwarfing planting method of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described step (7) flower
Fruiting period manage, keep thermophilic be dried environmental condition, day temperature control 18～22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be not less than 10 DEG C, its
He is not higher than 30 DEG C by period day temperature, and relative air humidity is 50%～60%, such as continuous rainy weather, carries out artificial benefit
Light.
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| CN201410854700.7A CN104521579B (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2014-12-30 | Cherry dense and dwarf planting method |
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| CN201410854700.7A CN104521579B (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2014-12-30 | Cherry dense and dwarf planting method |
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| CN104521579A CN104521579A (en) | 2015-04-22 |
| CN104521579B true CN104521579B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
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| CN104798650A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | V-shaped dwarfing compact planting cultivation method for cherries |
| US20180235213A1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-08-23 | The State of Israel Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Develop. Agricultural Research Organization | Plant hormone application |
| CN104920154A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 贵州黄平靓鸥桑综合开发有限公司 | Planting method for enabling diospyros armata tree to bear fruits in advance |
| CN105123289A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2015-12-09 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Cherry grafting method |
| CN105557435A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏阿里巴巴农业科技有限公司 | Cherry rootstock cuttage method |
| CN105830850B (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2018-08-21 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of sweet cherry grafting fast breeding method |
| CN105900703A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-08-31 | 江苏东珠景观股份有限公司 | Method for grafting honeysuckle to ligustrum quihoui |
| CN106212177A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-14 | 苏州市清水村生态农副产品生产经营专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of Prunus persicanucipersica Schneider green high yield |
| CN106665231A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-05-17 | 贵州广大生态农业发展有限公司 | Stocky cherry tree trimming and shaping technology |
| CN106719746A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-31 | 邵阳学院 | Plant of Lagerstroemia graft union growth regulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN106688632A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2017-05-24 | 北京皕富园生态农业有限公司 | Cultivation method of cherry nursery stock |
| CN106879388A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-23 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for reducing the harm of cherry florescence late frost |
| CN106962103A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of cherry cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting |
| CN107223511A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-03 | 明光市泰丰新材料有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of promotion cherry high yield |
| CN108184465A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-06-22 | 成都市农林科学院 | A kind of Tomato Grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111084044B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-09-03 | 江苏润易农业科技有限公司 | Double-layer fruiting planting method for two varieties of large cherries |
| CN112772255B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2023-03-31 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation device and cultivation method for improving fruit quality of sweet cherry trees |
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