CN110583270A - Rapid garden building method for grafting after citrus stock saplings are planted - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for quickly building a garden after grafting citrus rootstock saplings after planting, comprising the following steps: (1) cultivating citrus rootstock saplings; (2) disease-proof transplanting and scion grafting of citrus rootstock saplings; Citrus rootstock saplings include: (1) rootstock seed selection and pretreatment; (2) rootstock seedlings and sapling cultivation; disease-proof transplanting and scion grafting of said rootstock saplings include: (A) rootstock saplings disease-prevention Transplanting to the target park; (B) grafting treatment of the target variety; (C) management after grafting. The method of the present invention adopts efficient rootstock sapling cultivation method, sapling transplanting method and grafting treatment method, and can obtain a large amount of rootstock saplings with excellent growth within 2 years, and then graft the scion of target species after transplanting, so as to rapidly strengthen the tree vigor and early It can be put into production within one year, guarantee the quality of citrus fruit, realize the increase of citrus yield and harvest, and adopt the cultivation method of the invention to reduce the incidence of gummosis and root rot of citrus well.

Description

A rapid gardening method for grafting citrus rootstock saplings after planting

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a rapid gardening method for grafting citrus rootstock saplings after planting.

Background technique

Citrus (Citrus) belongs to the Rutaceae plant. It likes a warm and humid climate, and its cold resistance is slightly stronger than pomelo, lime, and sweet orange. Rutaceae Citrus subfamily is distributed between 16°-37°N latitude. It is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except Citrus aurantium), and there are 3 genera used for economic cultivation: Citrus Citrus, Citrus and Kumquat. The citrus cultivated in China and other countries of the world is mainly of the Citrus genus.

Citrus tree flowers solitary or 2-3 in clusters; calyx irregularly 5-3 lobed; petals usually less than 1.5 cm long; stamens 20-25, style slender, stigma capitate. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is October-December. China is one of the important origins of citrus, which is rich in citrus resources and has a variety of fine varieties, with a cultivation history of more than 4,000 years. After long-term cultivation and selection, citrus has become a precious fruit for human beings.

Citrus has a long history of cultivation in my country. However, most of the citrus forests in my country are low-yield forests at present. The growth of mature trees is slow and the phenomenon of late maturity is serious. The grafting cultivation technique can shorten the garden construction time to a certain extent and improve economic benefits. However, due to grafting, citrus trees often have the problem of wounding, the healing rate of trees is also low, and the growth of subsequent trees is poor. to actual production requirements. On the other hand, because most of the traditional citrus seedlings are cultivated in the nursery, the seedlings are cultivated to build gardens. The seedlings cultivated in the nursery are short, grow slowly after transplanting, and have a low survival rate. It leads to a substantial decline in yield and low economic benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate a large number of high-quality saplings through the improvement of grafting and transplanting methods to improve the yield and quality of citrus, and effectively improve the survival rate of citrus after transplanting and the disease of gum flow. Incidence rate, to achieve the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality.

And how to provide a kind of method for grafting after the planting of citrus rootstock saplings, to realize the rapid construction of citrus gardens, has become a technical problem to be solved urgently.

technical content

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and provide a kind of fast gardening method of grafting citrus rootstock saplings after planting, adopt this method to obtain a large amount of rootstock saplings with good growth within 2 years, and then graft after transplanting The scion of the target variety quickly increases the tree vigor, puts into production one year earlier, ensures the quality of citrus fruits, increases the production and harvest of citrus, and adopts the cultivation method of the present invention to well reduce the incidence of gummosis and root rot of citrus. In addition, the method provided by the invention can also maintain the consistency of excellent varieties, and the produced fruits have the same genetic gene, consistent fruit quality and high commercial value.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of rapid gardening method of citrus rootstock sapling grafting after planting, described method comprises the following steps:

(1) Cultivate citrus rootstock saplings:

(1) Rootstock seed selection and pretreatment: select citrus rootstock seeds with high fruiting rate, high sweetness, and no pests and diseases as the cultivation object, put the rootstock seeds in warm water for 1.5-2 hours, and then store them in wet sand deal with;

(2) Cultivation of rootstock seedlings: In the first ten days of February, take out the rootstock seeds after sand storage for 15-20 days and spread them evenly in the cultivation medium, compact and water them, and keep the temperature of the cultivation medium at 28-32°C , the moisture content is 50-60%, after the emergence of the seedlings, carry out daily management, and become rootstock seedlings after half a year of growth, and the height of the rootstock seedlings is 20-50cm;

(3) Cultivation of rootstock saplings: transplant the cultivated rootstock seedlings into the soil in the root control device, the diameter of the root control device is 30cm, and the height is 30cm. When transplanting, apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer once; carry out daily irrigation after transplanting , topdressing, pest control and management; after 2 years, cultivate a rootstock sapling with a diameter of 3-4cm;

(2) Disease-proof transplanting and scion grafting of rootstock saplings:

(A) Disease-proof transplanting of rootstock saplings to the target park

(a) Site selection (target park): select land below 1,500 meters above sea level and with 1,000-1,200 hours of annual sunshine as the target park;

(b) Land preparation and ridge digging, digging planting holes: deep plowing of the soil in the target park, applying fermented organic fertilizer to the soil, rotary tillage, and then digging ditches to form ridges. There is a compartment between the two drainage ditches, and the top of the compartment is raised. Double ridges, dig planting holes on the ridges;

(c) Seedling raising and transportation: cut off the part above 20-30cm of the trunk of the sapling, require the cut to be smooth, remove the root control device at the root of the sapling, and keep the soil ball at the root not loose as much as possible during transportation;

(d) Planting: cut off the damaged roots, and properly root the remaining roots; put the saplings vertically into the planting hole, lay a layer of wet sand inside the planting hole, and then cover and compact the sand layer with middle soil , water and fertilize once, and cover with plastic film;

(e) Disease prevention management: rootstock saplings should be irrigated immediately after transplanting, and fertilizers should be applied in stages after the plants start to take root. In July and August, irrigate in time when there is drought, and top off when the rootstock saplings grow to 10-15 cm, so as to promote the thickening of the saplings, remove the buds and needles on the trunk, and prevent and control gum disease in time and spider mite, leaf miner pests;

(B) Target variety grafting treatment

After confirming that the sapling survives, cut off the upper part of the sapling at the trunk 20-30 cm from the ground, and keep the part as rootstock for grafting; in spring or autumn, select the annual branch of the target citrus variety that grows robustly and has no damage by diseases and insect pests. Contain 2-4 full bud bodies on the rootstock, and cut the branches with bud bodies into 10-12cm long as scions, and carry out grafting treatment; each rootstock is grafted with 2-3 scions;

(C) Management after grafting

After the grafting is completed, seal the grafting interface with a plastic bag. When the ear buds of the scion grow out, cut out an opening at the top of the plastic bag, keep the ambient temperature of the grafted seedlings at 18-25°C, and the humidity at 65-80%; pruning in time The shoots from the rootstock ensure that the scion is at the top.

The method for cultivating citrus rootstock saplings, the method for transplanting saplings and the method for grafting and cultivating saplings provided by the present invention can well ensure the quality of citrus fruits and realize the increase in production and harvest of citrus. The present invention specifically adopts the method of warm water soaking and sand storage to pre-treat the seeds, and then combines the high-quality rootstock sapling cultivation method and grafting treatment method, which can well ensure the survival rate of the saplings after transplanting, and the survival rate is as high as 98%. The grafting method of the present invention carries out asexual reproduction, which well maintains the goodness of the variety, and the genetic genes of the produced fruits are basically the same, the quality of the fruit is consistent, and the variety is pure. In addition, the method provided by the present invention can cultivate a large number of citrus rootstock saplings with excellent growth within two years, transplant the rootstock saplings and then graft the scion of the target variety, rapidly enhance the tree vigor, put into production one year earlier, and ensure the quality of citrus fruits , providing a high-quality and high-yield production direction for citrus planting.

In addition, the citrus seedlings cultivated by the usual method belong to small seedlings, the seedlings are short, grow slowly after transplanting, and the yield is low. However, by adopting the cultivation method of the present invention, not only can citrus saplings be cultivated, but also the saplings will flow during the growth and planting process. The incidence of gum disease and root rot is greatly reduced.

Further, the cultivation substrate is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 45-50 parts of peat soil, 4-6 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of fine sand, 6-9 parts of vermicompost, animal waste 3-6 parts of fur, 3-6 parts of vermiculite, 5-8 parts of walnut shell powder; the thickness of the cultivation substrate is 6-8cm. Among them, animal waste fur refers to leftovers after animal processing, waste animal fur from slaughterhouses, etc. Vermicompost and animal waste fur are all decomposed and used as fertilizers.

Further, the rootstock seeds described in the step (1) include Fructus Fructus Fructus Citrifolia, Fragrant Orange, Tangerine as the seeds of the rootstock.

Further, the temperature of the sand layer is kept at 32-35° C. and the relative humidity is 15-20% during the sand storage process in step (1).

Further, the seed spreading rate in step (2) is 2-5kg/m ² .

Further, the formula of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer described in step (3) is calculated in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 18-21 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 8-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of manganese sulfate -10 parts, 3-5 parts of borax; the amount of fertilizer applied is 100-200 kg per mu.

Further, in step (b), the drainage ditch is 0.6 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep, the compartment is 8 meters wide, and the ridge is 4 meters wide and 0.3 meters high.

Further, in step (c), the planting hole has a diameter of 0.6 meters and a depth of 0.6 meters, and the distance between the holes is 4 meters.

Further, the thickness of the sand layer in step (d) is 10-15 cm, and the relative humidity is 15-20%.

Further, the grafting treatment method described in the step (B) is as follows: obliquely cut a knife on the rootstock, vertically cut off the top at an angle of 30-45 °, break open a cut that is smaller than the scion, stick the scion on the cut of the stock, Spray the whole plant with the bactericidal solution, and wrap the scion with plastic film; the bactericidal solution is a mixed solution of 800 times of prochloraz + 1500 times of thiophanate-methyl.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) The present invention provides an excellent method for cultivating citrus saplings and building gardens, adopting efficient rootstock sapling cultivation methods, sapling disease prevention transplanting methods and grafting treatment methods, and can obtain a large amount of growing vigor within 2 years Excellent rootstock saplings, transplanting the rootstock saplings and then grafting the scion of the target variety can quickly increase the tree vigor, put into production one year earlier, ensure the quality of citrus fruits, and increase the production and harvest of citrus;

and Realized the high yield and quality improvement of citrus fruit;

(3) The grafting and transplanting method of citrus saplings provided by the invention can well prevent and treat the occurrence of gummosis and root rot, and the incidence of gummosis can reach up to 10% in the growing process of plants after citrus saplings are transplanted. About 10%, the incidence of root rot is about 15%.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the examples. It should be pointed out that the following examples are only used to explain and illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above content of the invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A kind of fast gardening method of grafting after planting citrus rootstock saplings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Cultivate citrus rootstock saplings:

(1) Rootstock seed selection and pretreatment: select Citrus aurantium citrus rootstock seeds with high fruiting rate, high sweetness, and no pests and diseases as the cultivation object, put the rootstock seeds into warm water and soak for 1.5h, and then sand them in wet sand. Storage process, keep the temperature of the sand layer at 32°C and the relative humidity at 15% during the process of sand storage;

(2) Cultivation of rootstock seedlings: In early February, the rootstock seeds after sand storage for 15 days were taken out and spread evenly in the cultivation substrate, and the cultivation substrate was prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 45 parts of peat soil, sawdust 4 parts, 10 parts of fine sand, 6 parts of vermicompost, 3 parts of waste fur from slaughterhouse cattle, 3 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of walnut shell powder; the thickness of the cultivation substrate is 6cm, and the amount of seed application is ^2kg /m2 After the seeds are sprinkled, they are compacted and watered, and the temperature of the culture medium is maintained at 28°C, and the water content is 50%. After emergence, the daily management is carried out, and after half a year of growth, it becomes a rootstock seedling, and the height of the rootstock seedling is 20cm;

(3) rootstock sapling cultivation: the rootstock seedlings that have been cultivated are transplanted into the soil in the root control device, the root control device has a diameter of 30cm and a height of 30cm, and a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is used once when transplanting; the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer The formula is calculated in parts by weight: 15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 18 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of manganese sulfate, and 3 parts of borax; Pest control and management; after 2 years, grow into rootstock saplings with a diameter of 3-4cm;

(2) Disease-proof transplanting and scion grafting of rootstock saplings:

(A) Disease-proof transplanting of rootstock saplings to the target park

(a) Site selection (target park): select land below 1,500 meters above sea level and with an annual sunshine duration of 1,000 hours as the target park;

(b) Land preparation and ridge digging, digging planting holes: deep plowing of the soil in the target park, applying fermented organic fertilizer to the soil, rotary tillage, and then digging ditches to form ridges. There is a compartment between the two drainage ditches, and the top of the compartment is raised. Double ridges, dig planting holes on the ridges; the drainage ditch is 0.6 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep, the box width is 8 meters, the ridge width is 4 meters, and the height is 0.3 meters; the planting holes are 0.6 meters in diameter and 0.6 meters in depth, and the hole distance is 4 meters;

(c) Seedling raising and transportation: cut off the part above 20-30cm of the trunk of the sapling, require the cut to be smooth, remove the root control device at the root of the sapling, and keep the soil ball at the root not loose as much as possible during transportation;

(d) Planting: cut off the damaged roots, and properly remove the remaining roots; put the sapling vertically into the planting hole, lay a layer of wet sand inside the planting hole, the thickness of the sand layer is 10cm, and the relative humidity is 15%. , and then cover and compact with middle soil on the sand layer, water and fertilize once, and cover with plastic film;

(e) Disease prevention management: rootstock saplings should be irrigated immediately after transplanting, and fertilizers should be applied in stages after the plants start to take root. In July and August, irrigate in time when there is drought, and top off when the rootstock saplings grow to 10-15 cm, so as to promote the thickening of the saplings, remove the buds and needles on the trunk, and prevent and control gum disease in time and spider mite, leaf miner pests;

(B) Target variety grafting treatment

After confirming that the sapling survives, cut off the upper part of the sapling at the trunk 20-30cm from the ground, and cultivate the sapling without damage by disease and insect as a rootstock; The branch contains 2-4 full bud bodies, and the branch with the bud head is cut into 10cm long as the scion, and the grafting treatment is carried out; the grafting treatment method is: cut a knife obliquely on the rootstock, and vertically at a 30° angle. Cut off the top, break open an incision smaller than the scion, stick the scion on the incision of the rootstock, spray the whole plant with the bactericidal solution, and wrap the scion with mulch; the bactericidal solution is 800 times of prochloraz + methyl Thiophanate 1500 times mixed solution;

(C) Management after grafting

After the grafting was completed, seal the grafting interface with a plastic bag. After the fringe buds of the scion grew out, cut out the opening at the top of the plastic bag to keep the ambient temperature of the grafted seedlings at 18°C and a humidity of 65%; Branch buds, ensure that the scion is at the top.

Plant according to the above-mentioned method, a large amount of rootstock saplings can be cultivated after two years, the citrus rootstock saplings grow neatly, the average height can reach more than 100cm, the ground diameter can reach 2.5cm, and the sapling survival rate is 98%. Grafting the scion of the target variety after the tree is transplanted can rapidly increase the tree vigor, put into production one year earlier, ensure the quality of the citrus fruit, increase the yield and harvest of the citrus, and increase the yield per mu by more than 30% (compared to the grafting of the existing citrus seedlings). After the fruit is ripe, the fruit on each fruit tree is randomly counted, and it is found that the genetic gene of the produced fruit is basically the same, the quality of the fruit is consistent, and the variety is pure.

According to statistics, the incidence of gummosis of citrus seedlings within 1-3 years after transplanting rootstock saplings is 12% in the first year, 15% in the second year, and 18% in the third year. The average incidence of gummosis after planting is more than 50%; according to statistics, the incidence of soft rot of citrus seedlings within 1-3 years after transplanting is 14% in the first year, 16% in the second year, and 17% in the third year , the incidence rate is low, and the average incidence rate of soft rot after transplanting ordinary seedlings is more than 60%.

Example 2

A kind of fast gardening method of grafting after planting citrus rootstock saplings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Cultivate citrus rootstock saplings:

(1) Selection and pretreatment of rootstock seeds: select citrus citrus rootstock seeds with high fruiting rate, high sweetness, and no pests and diseases as the cultivation object, put the rootstock seeds into warm water for 2 hours, and then store them in wet sand For processing, keep the temperature of the sand layer at 35°C and the relative humidity at 20% during the process of sand storage;

(2) Cultivation of rootstock seedlings: in early February, the rootstock seeds after 20 days of sand storage were taken out and spread evenly in the cultivation substrate, and the cultivation substrate was prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts of peat soil, sawdust 6 parts, 15 parts of fine sand, 9 parts of vermicompost, 6 parts of discarded fur in the leftovers after mutton production and processing, 6 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of walnut shell powder; 5kg/m ² , compact and water after the seeds are spread, keep the temperature of the cultivation medium at 32°C, and the moisture content at 60%, carry out daily management after emergence, and become rootstock seedlings after half a year of growth, the height of the rootstock seedlings 50cm;

(3) rootstock sapling cultivation: transplant the rootstock seedlings cultivated into the soil in the root control device, the root control device has a diameter of 30cm and a height of 30cm, and once transplanted, use high nitrogen compound fertilizer, the high nitrogen compound fertilizer The formula is calculated in parts by weight: 20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 21 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of manganese sulfate, and 5 parts of borax; Pest control and management; after 2 years, grow into rootstock saplings with a diameter of 3-4cm;

(2) Disease-proof transplanting and scion grafting of rootstock saplings:

(A) Disease-proof transplanting of rootstock saplings to the target park

(a) Site selection (target park): select land below 1,500 meters above sea level and with 1,200 hours of annual sunshine as the target park;

(b) Land preparation and ridge digging, digging planting holes: deep plowing of the soil in the target park, applying fermented organic fertilizer to the soil, rotary tillage, and then digging ditches to form ridges. There is a compartment between the two drainage ditches, and the top of the compartment is raised. Double ridges, dig planting holes on the ridges; the drainage ditch is 0.6 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep, the box width is 8 meters, the ridge width is 4 meters, and the height is 0.3 meters; the planting holes are 0.6 meters in diameter and 0.6 meters in depth, and the hole distance is 4 meters;

(c) Seedling raising and transportation: cut off the part above 20-30cm of the trunk of the sapling, require the cut to be smooth, remove the root control device at the root of the sapling, and keep the soil ball at the root not loose as much as possible during transportation;

(d) Planting: cut off the damaged roots, and properly root the remaining roots; put the saplings vertically into the planting hole, lay a layer of wet sand inside the planting hole, and then cover and compact the sand layer with middle soil , water and fertilize once, and cover with plastic film;

(e) Disease prevention management: rootstock saplings should be irrigated immediately after transplanting, and fertilizers should be applied in stages after the plants start to take root. In July and August, irrigate in time when there is drought, and top off when the rootstock saplings grow to 10-15 cm, so as to promote the thickening of the saplings, remove the buds and needles on the trunk, and prevent and control gum disease in time and spider mite, leaf miner pests;

(B) Target variety grafting treatment

After confirming that the sapling survives, cut off the upper part of the sapling at the trunk 20-30 cm from the ground, and keep the part as rootstock for grafting; in spring or autumn, select the annual branch of the target citrus variety that grows robustly and has no damage by diseases and insect pests. Contain 3-4 plump buds on the rootstock, and cut the branches with bud heads into 12cm long as scion, and carry out grafting treatment; the grafting treatment method is: obliquely cut a knife on the rootstock, and vertically cut at an angle of 45° Remove the top, break open an incision smaller than the scion, stick the scion on the rootstock incision, spray the whole plant with bactericidal solution, and wrap the scion with mulch; the bactericidal solution is 800 times of prochloraz + methyl sulfide 1500-fold mixed solution of Bactazil;

(C) Management after grafting

After the grafting was completed, seal the grafting interface with a plastic bag. After the fringe buds of the scion grew out, cut out the opening at the top of the plastic bag to keep the ambient temperature of the grafted seedlings at 25°C and a humidity of 80%; Branch buds, ensure that the scion is at the top.

Carry out planting according to above-mentioned method, can cultivate a large amount of rootstock saplings after two years, and the citrus rootstock saplings grows neatly, and average height can reach more than 120cm, and ground diameter can reach 3.2cm, and sapling survival rate is 98%. Grafting the scion of the target variety after transplanting the tree can rapidly increase the tree vigor, put into production 1 year earlier, ensure the quality of citrus fruit, realize the increase of citrus production and harvest, and increase the yield per mu by more than 35% (compared to the existing cultivation of citrus seedlings by grafting). After the fruit is ripe, the fruit on each fruit tree is randomly counted, and it is found that the genetic gene of the produced fruit is basically the same, the quality of the fruit is consistent, and the variety is pure.

According to statistics, the gummosis incidence rate of citrus saplings within 1-3 years after transplanting rootstock saplings was 13.1% in the 1st year, 14.8% in the 2nd year, and 21% in the 3rd year. The average incidence of gummosis after transplanting is more than 50%; according to statistics on the incidence of soft rot of citrus saplings within 1-3 years after transplanting, it is 12.3% in the first year, 15.89% in the second year, and 15.89% in the third year. 22.4%, the incidence rate is low, and the average incidence rate of soft rot after transplanting ordinary seedlings is more than 53%.

Example 3

A kind of fast gardening method of grafting after planting citrus rootstock saplings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Cultivate citrus rootstock saplings:

(1) Rootstock seed selection and pretreatment: select orange citrus rootstock seeds with high fruiting rate, high sweetness, and no pests and diseases as the cultivation object, put the rootstock seeds into warm water and soak for 1.8h, and then sand them in wet sand. Storage treatment, keep the temperature of the sand layer at 33°C and the relative humidity at 17% during the process of sand storage;

(2) Cultivation of rootstock seedlings: in early February, the rootstock seeds after sand storage for 18 days were taken out and spread evenly in the cultivation matrix, and the cultivation matrix was prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 46 parts of peat soil, sawdust 5 parts, 12 parts of fine sand, 8 parts of vermicompost, 5 parts of discarded fur after processing pork in the slaughterhouse, 4 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of walnut shell powder; the thickness of the cultivation substrate is 7cm, and the amount of seed spreading is 4kg/ m ² , compact and water after the seeds are spread, keep the temperature of the cultivation medium at 30°C, and the moisture content is 53%, and carry out daily management after emergence, and become rootstock seedlings after half a year of growth, and the height of the rootstock seedlings is 40cm ;

(3) rootstock sapling cultivation: transplant the rootstock seedlings cultivated into the soil in the root control device, the root control device has a diameter of 30cm and a height of 30cm, and once transplanted, use high nitrogen compound fertilizer, the high nitrogen compound fertilizer The formula is calculated in parts by weight: 18 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 19 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 9 parts of manganese sulfate, and 4 parts of borax; Pest control and management; after 2 years, grow into rootstock saplings with a diameter of 3-4cm;

(2) Disease-proof transplanting and scion grafting of rootstock saplings:

(A) Disease-proof transplanting of rootstock saplings to the target park

(a) Site selection (target park): select land below 1,500 meters above sea level and with 1,100 hours of annual sunshine as the target park;

(b) Land preparation and ridge digging, digging planting holes: deep plowing of the soil in the target park, applying fermented organic fertilizer to the soil, rotary tillage, and then digging ditches to form ridges. There is a compartment between the two drainage ditches, and the top of the compartment is raised. Double ridges, dig planting holes on the ridges; the drainage ditch is 0.6 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep, the box width is 8 meters, the ridge width is 4 meters, and the height is 0.3 meters; the planting holes are 0.6 meters in diameter and 0.6 meters in depth, and the hole distance is 4 meters;

(c) Seedling raising and transportation: cut off the part above 20-30cm of the trunk of the sapling, require the cut to be smooth, remove the root control device at the root of the sapling, and keep the soil ball at the root not loose as much as possible during transportation;

(d) Planting: cut off the damaged roots, and properly remove the remaining roots; put the sapling vertically into the planting hole, lay a layer of wet sand inside the planting hole, the thickness of the sand layer is 10cm, and the relative humidity is 15%. , and then cover and compact with middle soil on the sand layer, water and fertilize once, and cover with plastic film;

(e) Disease prevention management: rootstock saplings should be irrigated immediately after transplanting, and fertilizers should be applied in stages after the plants start to take root. In July and August, irrigate in time when there is drought, and top off when the new shoots of rootstock saplings grow to 12-15 cm to promote thicker growth of saplings, remove buds and needles on the trunk, and prevent and control gum disease in time and spider mite, leaf miner pests;

(B) Target variety grafting treatment

Select growth situation to be good, height is 60-70cm, terminal bud is full, ground diameter is at 1.2-1.8cm, the cultivated sapling without disease and insect damage is used as rootstock; The branch contains 2-4 full buds, and the branch with the bud head is cut into 10-12cm long as a scion, and grafted; Cut off the top vertically at an angle of °, break open the incision smaller than the scion, stick the scion on the incision of the rootstock, spray the bactericidal solution on the whole plant, and wrap the scion with mulch film; the bactericidal solution is 800 times that of prochloraz + 1500-fold mixed solution of thiophanate-methyl;

(C) Management after grafting

After the grafting was completed, seal the grafting interface with a plastic bag. After the ear buds of the scion grew out, cut out the opening at the top of the plastic bag to keep the ambient temperature of the grafted seedlings at 22°C and a humidity of 72%; Branch buds, ensure that the scion is at the top.

Plant according to the above-mentioned method, and a large amount of rootstock saplings can be cultivated after two years. The growth of citrus rootstock saplings is neat, the average height can reach more than 125cm, the ground diameter can reach 3.5cm, and the sapling survival rate is 98.3%. Grafting the scion of the target variety after transplanting the tree can rapidly increase the tree vigor, put into production one year earlier, ensure the quality of citrus fruit, realize the increase of citrus production and harvest, and increase the yield per mu by more than 37.2% (compared to the existing cultivation of citrus seedlings by grafting). After the fruit is ripe, the fruit on each fruit tree is randomly counted, and it is found that the genetic gene of the produced fruit is basically the same, the quality of the fruit is consistent, and the variety is pure.

According to statistics, the incidence of gummosis of citrus seedlings within 1-3 years after transplanting rootstock saplings was 9.8% in the first year, 13.4% in the second year, and 17.5% in the third year. The average incidence of gummosis after planting is more than 48%; according to statistics, the incidence of soft rot of citrus saplings within 1-3 years after transplanting rootstock saplings is 10.8% in the first year, 15.4% in the second year, and 15.4% in the third year. The annual rate is 19.4%, and the incidence rate is relatively low, while the average incidence rate of gummosis after transplanting ordinary seedlings is over 62%.

Claims (10)

1. A rapid garden building method for grafting after planting citrus stock saplings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

cultivating citrus stock saplings:

(1) selecting and pretreating rootstock seeds: selecting citrus stock seeds with high fruiting rate, high sweetness and no plant diseases and insect pests as cultivation objects, soaking the stock seeds in warm water for 1.5-2h, and then carrying out sand storage treatment in wet sand;

(2) stock seedling cultivation: in the first ten days of 2 months, the rootstock seeds which are subjected to sand storage treatment for 15-20 days are taken out and uniformly spread in a cultivation matrix, compaction and watering are carried out, the temperature of the cultivation matrix is kept at 28-32 ℃, the water content is kept at 50-60%, daily management is carried out after seedling emergence, the rootstock seedlings grow for half a year and have the height of 20-50 cm;

(3) stock sapling cultivation: transplanting the cultured rootstock seedlings into soil in a root control device, wherein the diameter of the root control device is 30cm, the height of the root control device is 30cm, and a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied once during transplanting; performing daily irrigation, additional fertilization and pest control management after transplanting; after 2 years, the stock saplings with the diameter of 3-4cm are cultivated;

(II) disease-prevention transplanting and scion grafting of the stock saplings:

(A) disease-preventing transplanting of stock saplings to target park

(a) Land selection (destination campus): selecting a land with the elevation of 1500 meters below and the annual sunshine duration of 1000-1200 hours as a target park;

(b) preparing soil, ridging, digging planting holes: carrying out deep ploughing treatment on the soil of a target garden, applying fermented organic fertilizer to the soil, carrying out rotary tillage, then ditching and ridging, forming a box between two drainage ditches, forming double ridges on the box, and digging planting holes on the ridges;

(c) lifting and transporting: cutting off the part of the trunk of the sapling, which is more than 20-30cm, wherein the cut is required to be smooth, removing a root controller of the sapling root, and keeping the root soil balls from loosening as much as possible during transportation;

(d) planting: cutting off damaged roots and properly cutting off the roots of the rest roots; vertically placing the saplings into the planting holes, paving a layer of wet sand inside the planting holes, then covering and compacting the sand layer with middle-layer soil, watering and fertilizing once, and covering with a mulching film;

(e) disease prevention management: irrigating water immediately after transplanting the stock saplings, applying fertilizers in multiple times after the plants start to root, intertilling and weeding before applying fertilizers, keeping soil loose and free of weeds, wherein the fertilizing time is 5-6 months, 7 months and 8 months, irrigating water in time during drought, pinching when young tips of the stock saplings grow to 10-15cm, so that the saplings grow coarsely, removing sprouts and needles on trunks, and preventing gummosis diseases and red spider and leaf miner pests in time;

(B) target variety grafting treatment

After the saplings are determined to survive, cutting off the upper half parts of the saplings at the positions 20-30cm away from the ground of the main trunk, and taking the remaining parts as stocks for grafting; selecting an annual branch of a target citrus variety which grows strongly and has no diseases and insect pests in spring or autumn, wherein the branch contains 2-4 plump buds, cutting the branch with the buds into 10-12cm long branches as scions, and carrying out grafting treatment; 2-3 scions are grafted on each stock;

(C) post-grafting management

After grafting, a plastic bag is used for sealing a grafting opening, when scion buds of the scions grow out, an opening is cut at the top of the plastic bag, and the environmental temperature and humidity of the grafted seedlings are kept at 18-25 ℃ and 65-80%; timely pruning the branch buds growing out of the stocks to ensure that the scions are positioned at the topmost ends.

2. The method for quickly building a garden by grafting after planting the citrus stock saplings according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of turfy soil, 4-6 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of fine sand, 6-9 parts of wormcast, 3-6 parts of animal waste fur, 3-6 parts of vermiculite and 5-8 parts of walnut shell powder; the thickness of the culture substrate is 6-8 cm.

3. The method for rapid garden establishment by post-planting grafting of citrus rootstock saplings according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock seeds comprise bitter oranges, orange and tangerine as the seeds of the rootstock.

4. The method for quickly constructing the garden of the grafted citrus rootstock saplings after the planting according to the claim 1, wherein the temperature of the sand layer is kept to be 32-35 ℃ and the relative humidity is kept to be 15-20% in the sand storing process in the step (1).

5. The method for rapid garden building by grafting after planting of the citrus stock saplings according to claim 1, wherein the seed application amount in the step (2) is 2-5kg/m²。

6. The method for quickly building a garden by grafting after planting the citrus stock saplings according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in the step (3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 18-21 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 8-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-10 parts of manganese sulfate and 3-5 parts of borax; the fertilizing amount is 100-200 kg applied per mu.

7. The method for rapid garden building by grafting after planting the citrus stock saplings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the drainage ditches are 0.6 m wide and 0.6 m deep, the compartments are 8 m wide, the ridges are 4 m wide, and the height is 0.3 m.

8. The method for rapid garden building by grafting after planting of the citrus stock saplings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the planting holes are 0.6 meter in diameter and 0.6 meter in depth, and the hole distance is 4 meters.

9. The method for rapid garden building by grafting after planting of the citrus stock saplings according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sand layer in the step (d) is 10-15cm, and the relative humidity is 15-20%.

10. The method for rapidly building a garden by grafting after planting the citrus stock saplings according to claim 1, wherein the grafting treatment method in the step (B) is as follows: beveling the stock for one cut, longitudinally cutting off the top at an angle of 30-45 degrees, breaking a cut smaller than the scion, sticking the scion to the cut of the stock, spraying sterilizing liquid on the whole plant, and wrapping the scion with a mulching film; the sterilization liquid is a mixed solution of 800 times of prochloraz and 1500 times of thiophanate-methyl.