CN113348941B - Bud mutation breeding method for high-yield pummelo peel improved variety - Google Patents
Bud mutation breeding method for high-yield pummelo peel improved variety Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 244000276331 Citrus maxima Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000001759 Citrus maxima Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004763 spore germination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010068051 Chimerism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034719 Personality change Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/13—Plant traits
Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield improved variety bud mutation breeding method for pummelo peel, and relates to the technical field of pummelo peel breeding. The method for bud mutation breeding of the high-yield pummelo peel fine variety comprises the following steps: s1, selecting first-stage orange seedlings; s2, selecting the stable character of the pummelo peel seedlings in the second period; s3, selecting seeds with three-stage exocarpium Citri rubrum characters; s4, stable bud transformation parallel seed selection; s5, gene measurement; s6, selecting seedling character stability; s7, popularization and planting. Through multiple selections of the abnormal characters of the exocarpium Citri rubrum in S2, S3 and S4, the abnormal characters of the exocarpium Citri rubrum can be stably inherited and reserved, meanwhile, through determination of genome DNA of the excellent characters in S5, stable character inheritance of the excellent exocarpium citri rubrum plant can be clearly obtained, and the excellent characters of seedlings in S6 and S7 are matched, so that the excellent seedlings of the exocarpium citri rubrum can be obtained maximally when the improved variety bud mutation of the exocarpium citri rubrum breeds, the maximum planting benefit can be obtained when the exocarpium citri rubrum is planted, and the method is worthy of being popularized greatly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding of exocarpium citri rubrum, in particular to a method for bud mutation breeding of improved variety of exocarpium citri rubrum with high yield.
Background
The orange is a dry outer peel of a rutaceae plant orange and a cultivated variety thereof, the fruit is harvested after the fruit is ripe in the late autumn and early winter, the outer peel is cut off by a knife, dried in the sun or dried in the shade, the orange is planted in the state early in the southern Song period, the fruit is clear and popular in China and becomes a court tribute, the preparation and the handicraft article of the fruit are one of four south China medicines and ten broad medicine once red, the orange is planted in the state for a long time, the orange is listed in the national geographic marking product for protection in 2006, the bud propagation is an important measure for breeding a new variety, the tissue and the organ of the plant generate cell mutation in the cell classification process which is carried out frequently due to the influence of external conditions, branches or buds which are different from other branches or buds on the same mother plant in aspects of tree morphology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and the like are formed, the fruit produced on the fruit has corresponding variation, the characteristics are different from the original variety, and the phenomenon of the fruit can be called bud propagation after the genetic propagation can be inherited through the bud propagation.
Most of the prior reddish oranges are grafted or pressed for seedling raising during planting, if the reddish oranges are not good, the growth and the result of the later reddish oranges are affected, so that the selection of good reddish oranges is particularly important during the seedling raising period of the reddish oranges.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel improved varieties, which solves the problem that the pummelo peel can not select excellent seedlings in time.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel fine variety comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting first-stage orange seedlings
1) Selecting good-variety, disease-free and high-yield exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings as parent trees, cutting off high-quality wood buds on crowns of the parent trees, cutting off leaves to reserve spores, grafting the spores on the exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings, waiting for the germination of exocarpium Citri rubrum spores, observing abnormal spore germination characteristics, performing key marking on spores with obviously different characteristics, and recording abnormal spores and the forms of the abnormal spores during growth through a recording plate;
2) Selecting branches with different spore, leaf and flower properties from normal branches on a citrus grandis tree, cutting off wood with different growth properties to reserve spores, reserving one to two spores to cut off the leaves, grafting the spores on shaddock seedlings, waiting for the spores to germinate, observing abnormal spore germination properties, carrying out key marking on the spores with obviously different properties, and recording the spore forms through a recording plate;
3) Selecting different orange fruits from normal fruits on an orange mother tree, picking up the orange seeds after the orange fruits are ripe to obtain orange seeds, then raising seedlings of the seeds, and recording seedlings with different growth characters and different normal orange characters by using a recording plate;
when the information of the exocarpium Citri rubrum in the above 1), 2) and 3) is recorded, the detailed recording of the growth period from the growth to the result of each plant of exocarpium Citri rubrum with abnormal characters is focused, the detailed recording of the change of the growth characters is needed, and the detailed recording of the yield after the growth period is needed;
s2, selecting the stable character of the pummelo peel seedlings in the second period
Selecting the orange seedlings in the step S1, selecting the seedlings according to the abnormal characters of each orange plant recorded on the recording plate in the step S1, wherein the obviously excellent abnormal character plants in the orange plants are selected according to the abnormal characters as standards, the seedlings are individually marked and individually planted on land after being selected, and when being planted, the orange seedlings with the same characters use different fertilization modes for clearly recording the different environmental growth states of the orange seedlings;
s3, selecting three-stage exocarpium citri rubrum character seeds
Selecting and planting the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings which are planted independently in the S2, selecting the seedlings with the same abnormal characters as the standard in the S1, classifying and grouping the seedlings according to the characteristics of the abnormal characters, and enabling the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings with the same abnormal characters to grow to the result in the same planting mode, wherein the growth characters and the growth information of the seedlings are recorded in detail;
s4, stable bud transformation parallel seed selection
Selecting neutral high-quality seedlings of S1, S2 and S3, wherein when the seeds are selected, the standard of the high-quality characteristics is that the orange seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 are excellent in characteristics, strong in disease resistance, high in yield and high in nutritive value, grafting the high-quality orange seedlings, continuously observing the characteristics of the orange seedlings and the differences of the characteristics of the seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 after grafting, recording in detail, and repeating the steps of S1, S2 and S3 for two to three times;
s5, gene determination
Extracting genome DNA of the original orange seedling in the parent tree, extracting genome DNA of the orange seedling in S4, respectively extracting genome DNA of the orange seedlings in S1, S2 and S3, comparing the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 generated by taking down the original parent tree, and if the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 are identical and different from the parent tree, keeping the character orange seedling and simultaneously selecting high-quality orange seedlings with stable genomes for independent planting;
s6, seedling character stability selection
Planting the orange seedlings with the high quality character in the S5 independently, selecting the seedlings with the high quality character for grafting and transplanting, continuously and repeatedly selecting the seedlings with the high quality, eliminating the seedlings with the low quality, and obtaining the seedlings bred by changing the improved orange seed buds;
s7, popularization and planting
And (3) raising seedlings and popularizing and planting the high-quality seedlings in the step S6 in a ring pressing, grafting and breeding mode.
Preferably, when recording the abnormal properties of exocarpium Citri rubrum according to 1), 2) and 3) in S1, recording according to the shape, size, tillering number and color of spores, recording the number of corresponding spores, leaf color, leaf shape and growth speed after the spores grow up, recording the number of corresponding spores bloom and flower type after the spores bloom, and recording the size, weight, properties and nutritional ingredients of fruits after the results.
Preferably, the selection criteria of the obviously good plants in the S2 are full spores, pale leaves, more tillers, thick and strong branches, vigorous growth of the branches, short flowering period, fast growth of fruits, large fruiting fruits, good fruit shape, disease resistance and less fertilizer requirements of the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel improved varieties. The beneficial effects are as follows:
according to the invention, bud mutation selection is carried out on the good orange tree in S1), bud mutation selection is carried out on the good orange tree in 2), bud mutation selection is carried out on the orange seedling in 3), so that the sample capacity of bud mutation breeding of the orange is greatly increased, the probability of obtaining good properties of the bud mutation during bud mutation breeding of the orange is increased, meanwhile, the good properties of the orange can be stably inherited and reserved through multiple selections of the abnormal properties of the orange in S2, S3 and S4, the good properties plants in the abnormal orange plants can be well stabilized in later breeding, meanwhile, stable property inheritance of the good orange plants can be clearly obtained through determination of genome DNA of the good properties in S5, and good properties of the orange seedlings in S6 and S7 are selected, so that the good properties of the orange can be obtained maximally when the bud mutation breeding of the good orange is carried out, and the good planting benefits of the orange can be realized, and the good planting benefits of the orange can be greatly promoted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel fine variety, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting first-stage orange seedlings
1) Selecting good-variety, disease-free and high-yield exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings as parent trees, cutting off high-quality wood buds on crowns of the parent trees, cutting off leaves to reserve spores, grafting the spores on the exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings, waiting for the germination of exocarpium Citri rubrum spores, observing abnormal spore germination characteristics, performing key marking on spores with obviously different characteristics, and recording abnormal spores and the forms of the abnormal spores during growth through a recording plate;
2) Selecting branches with different spore, leaf and flower properties from normal branches on a citrus grandis tree, cutting off wood with different growth properties to reserve spores, reserving one to two spores to cut off the leaves, grafting the spores on shaddock seedlings, waiting for the spores to germinate, observing abnormal spore germination properties, carrying out key marking on the spores with obviously different properties, and recording the spore forms through a recording plate;
3) Selecting different orange fruits from normal fruits on an orange mother tree, picking up the orange seeds after the orange fruits are ripe to obtain orange seeds, then raising seedlings of the seeds, and recording seedlings with different growth characters and different normal orange characters by using a recording plate;
when the information of the exocarpium Citri rubrum in the above 1), 2) and 3) is recorded, the detailed recording is carried out on the growth cycle from growth to result of each plant of exocarpium rubrum with the detailed recording on the growth character change, the detailed recording is carried out on the yield after the growth cycle, the bud mutation has chimerism, parallelism and diversity, when the exocarpium rubrum seedlings are selected in a bud mutation mode, all exocarpium rubrum seedlings possibly producing bud mutation are firstly expanded as much as possible, the exocarpium rubrum seedlings with good variety and high yield in 1) are used as parent trees and then grafted to select the bud mutation exocarpium rubrum, so that the excellent character of the parent tree with good variety can be reserved, the abnormal character of the bud mutation in the excellent parent tree can be well selected, the abnormal character of the bud mutation in the parent tree can be directly intercepted in 2), the bud mutation can be directly grafted to obtain the abnormal character according to the abnormal character, if the bud mutation is produced after grafting, the sample of the bud mutation can be increased as much as possible, the sample capacity of the bud mutation is large as possible, the good as possible is produced in the branches, the good fruit seedlings with good character can be planted in the 3) with good quality and the good character can be better than the good character can be compared with the good character of the seed of the bud mutation;
s2, selecting the stable character of the pummelo peel seedlings in the second period
Selecting the orange seedlings in the step S1, selecting the seedlings according to the abnormal characters of each orange plant recorded on the recording plate in the step S1, wherein the obviously excellent abnormal character plants in the orange plants are selected according to the abnormal characters as standards, the seedlings are individually marked and individually planted on land after being selected, and when being planted, the orange seedlings with the same characters use different fertilization modes for clearly recording the different environmental growth states of the orange seedlings;
s3, selecting three-stage exocarpium citri rubrum character seeds
Selecting and planting the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings which are planted independently in the S2, selecting the seedlings with the same abnormal characters as the standard in the S1, classifying and grouping the seedlings according to the characteristics of the abnormal characters, and enabling the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings with the same abnormal characters to grow to the result in the same planting mode, wherein the growth characters and the growth information of the seedlings are recorded in detail;
when the bud degeneration is selected in S2 and S3, firstly, plants with the bud degeneration are planted, under different environments, different states of different characters of the orange seedlings are obtained under different conditions, so that the selection of good characters is facilitated, the selection of orange plants with strong disease resistance and rich high yield is facilitated, and meanwhile, the setting of multiple planting selection is also for ensuring stable characters and facilitating the selection of the good orange plants;
s4, stable bud transformation parallel seed selection
Selecting the neutral high-quality seedlings of S1, S2 and S3, wherein the standard of the high-quality characteristics is that the orange seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 are excellent in characteristics, strong in disease resistance and high in yield and nutritive value when the seeds are selected, grafting the high-quality orange seedlings, continuously observing the characteristics of the orange seedlings and the differences of the seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 after grafting, recording in detail, repeating the steps of S1, S2 and S3 for two to three times, and repeatedly grafting, wherein the steps are not used for obtaining abnormal characteristics, but used for ensuring that the excellent characteristics after the selection of S1, S2 and S3 can be inherited stably, and repeatedly grafting, and ensuring that the shape inheritance can ensure that the excellent economic benefits after popularization of the later orange seedlings are obtained;
s5, gene determination
Extracting genome DNA of the original orange seedling in the parent tree, extracting genome DNA of the orange seedling in S4, respectively extracting genome DNA of the orange seedling in S1, S2 and S3, comparing the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 generated by taking down the original parent tree, if the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 are identical and different from the parent tree, preserving the character orange seedling, simultaneously selecting high-quality orange seedlings with stable genome for independent planting, and setting gene evaluation, namely, ensuring that the preserved orange seedling characters can be stably inherited, if the genes are measured, the same plant characters with bud mutation are generated later, and when the inheritance is selected later, the genome is always changed greatly, if the stable genome ensures that the orange seedlings are inherited, the good orange plants can be ensured;
s6, seedling character stability selection
Planting the orange seedlings with the high-quality characteristics in the S5 independently, selecting the seedlings with the high-quality characteristics for grafting and transplanting, continuously and repeatedly selecting the seedlings with the high-quality characteristics, eliminating the seedlings with the low-quality characteristics, obtaining the seedlings bred by the good-quality orange seed buds, ensuring inheritance of the good-quality characteristics of the orange by multiple grafting, eliminating the seedlings with the low-quality orange, and obtaining the orange seedlings with the good varieties;
s7, popularization and planting
And (3) raising seedlings and popularizing and planting the high-quality seedlings in the step S6 in a ring pressing, grafting and breeding mode.
Recording abnormal properties of the exocarpium citri rubrum according to the shape, size, tillering quantity and color of spores in the step 1), recording the quantity, leaf color, leaf shape and growth speed of corresponding spores after the spores grow up, recording the quantity and flower shape of corresponding spores after the flowers bloom, recording the size, weight, properties and nutritional ingredients of fruits after the fruits come out, and visually comparing the exocarpium citri rubrum from the data through comprehensive recording and comparison of various properties of the exocarpium citri rubrum and recording and comparison of different property changes of the exocarpium citri rubrum in different periods, thereby being beneficial to obtaining the excellent properties of the exocarpium citri rubrum.
The selection criteria of the obviously good plants in the S2 are full spores, green leaves, more tillers, thick and strong branches, vigorous growth of branches, short flowering period, quick growth of fruits, good fruit shape, disease resistance and less fertilizer requirement of the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings, and the exocarpium citri rubrum good properties can directly lead the exocarpium citri rubrum to generate the largest economic benefit when being planted.
Embodiment two:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel fine variety, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting first-stage orange seedlings
1) Selecting good-variety, disease-free and high-yield exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings as parent trees, cutting off high-quality wood buds on crowns of the parent trees, cutting off leaves to reserve spores, grafting the spores on the exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings, waiting for the germination of exocarpium Citri rubrum spores, observing abnormal spore germination characteristics, performing key marking on spores with obviously different characteristics, and recording abnormal spores and the forms of the abnormal spores during growth through a recording plate;
2) Selecting branches with different spore, leaf and flower properties from normal branches on a citrus grandis tree, cutting off wood with different growth properties to reserve spores, reserving one to two spores to cut off the leaves, grafting the spores on shaddock seedlings, waiting for the spores to germinate, observing abnormal spore germination properties, carrying out key marking on the spores with obviously different properties, and recording the spore forms through a recording plate;
3) Selecting different orange fruits from normal fruits on an orange mother tree, picking up the orange seeds after the orange fruits are ripe to obtain orange seeds, then raising seedlings of the seeds, and recording seedlings with different growth characters and different normal orange characters by using a recording plate;
when the information of the exocarpium Citri rubrum in the above 1), 2) and 3) is recorded, the detailed recording of the growth period from the growth to the result of each plant of exocarpium Citri rubrum with abnormal characters is focused, the detailed recording of the change of the growth characters is needed, and the detailed recording of the yield after the growth period is needed;
s2, selecting the stable character of the pummelo peel seedlings in the second period
Selecting the orange seedlings in the step S1, selecting the seedlings according to the abnormal characters of each orange plant recorded on the recording plate in the step S1, wherein the obviously excellent abnormal character plants in the orange plants are selected according to the abnormal characters as standards, the seedlings are individually marked and individually planted on land after being selected, and when being planted, the orange seedlings with the same characters use different fertilization modes for clearly recording the different environmental growth states of the orange seedlings;
s3, selecting three-stage exocarpium citri rubrum character seeds
Selecting and planting the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings which are planted independently in the S2, selecting the seedlings with the same abnormal characters as the standard in the S1, classifying and grouping the seedlings according to the characteristics of the abnormal characters, and enabling the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings with the same abnormal characters to grow to the result in the same planting mode, wherein the growth characters and the growth information of the seedlings are recorded in detail;
s4, stable bud transformation parallel seed selection
Selecting neutral high-quality seedlings of S1, S2 and S3, wherein when the seeds are selected, the standard of the high-quality characteristics is that the orange seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 are excellent in characteristics, strong in disease resistance, high in yield and high in nutritive value, grafting the high-quality orange seedlings, continuously observing the characteristics of the orange seedlings and the differences of the characteristics of the seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 after grafting, recording in detail, and repeating the steps of S1, S2 and S3 for two to three times;
s5, gene determination
Extracting genome DNA of the original orange seedling in the parent tree, extracting genome DNA of the orange seedling in S4, respectively extracting genome DNA of the orange seedlings in S1, S2 and S3, comparing the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 generated by taking down the original parent tree, and if the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 are identical and different from the parent tree, keeping the character orange seedling and simultaneously selecting high-quality orange seedlings with stable genomes for independent planting;
s6, seedling character stability selection
Planting the orange seedlings with the high quality character in the S5 independently, selecting the seedlings with the high quality character for grafting and transplanting, continuously and repeatedly selecting the seedlings with the high quality, eliminating the seedlings with the low quality, and obtaining the seedlings bred by changing the improved orange seed buds;
s7, popularization and planting
And (3) raising seedlings and popularizing and planting the high-quality seedlings in the step S6 in a ring pressing, grafting and breeding mode.
Recording abnormal properties of exocarpium Citri rubrum according to the shape, size, tillering number and color of spores when 1), 2) and 3) in S1, recording the number, leaf color, leaf shape and growth speed of corresponding spores after the spores grow up, recording the number and flower shape of corresponding spores after the flowers bloom, and recording the size, weight, properties and nutritional ingredients of fruits after the fruits come out.
The selection criteria of the obviously good plants in the S2 are full spores, green leaves, more tillers, strong branches, vigorous growth of the branches, short flowering period, fast growth of fruits, big fruiting fruits, good fruit shape, disease resistance and less fertilizer requirement of the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings of the plants.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel fine variety is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting first-stage orange seedlings
1) Selecting good-variety, disease-free and high-yield exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings as parent trees, cutting off high-quality wood buds on crowns of the parent trees, cutting off leaves to reserve spores, grafting the spores on the exocarpium Citri rubrum seedlings, waiting for the germination of exocarpium Citri rubrum spores, observing abnormal spore germination characteristics, performing key marking on spores with obviously different characteristics, and recording abnormal spores and the forms of the abnormal spores during growth through a recording plate;
2) Selecting branches with different spore, leaf and flower properties from normal branches on a citrus grandis tree, cutting off wood with different growth properties to reserve spores, reserving one to two spores to cut off the leaves, grafting the spores on shaddock seedlings, waiting for the spores to germinate, observing abnormal spore germination properties, carrying out key marking on the spores with obviously different properties, and recording the spore forms through a recording plate;
3) Selecting different orange fruits from normal fruits on an orange mother tree, picking up the orange seeds after the orange fruits are ripe to obtain orange seeds, then raising seedlings of the seeds, and recording seedlings with different growth characters and different normal orange characters by using a recording plate;
when the information of the exocarpium Citri rubrum in the above 1), 2) and 3) is recorded, the detailed recording of the growth period from the growth to the result of each plant of exocarpium Citri rubrum with abnormal characters is focused, the detailed recording of the change of the growth characters is needed, and the detailed recording of the yield after the growth period is needed;
s2, selecting the stable character of the pummelo peel seedlings in the second period
Selecting the orange seedlings in the step S1, selecting the seedlings according to the abnormal characters of each orange plant recorded on the recording plate in the step S1, wherein the obviously excellent abnormal character plants in the orange plants are selected according to the abnormal characters as standards, the seedlings are individually marked and individually planted on land after being selected, and when being planted, the orange seedlings with the same characters use different fertilization modes for clearly recording the different environmental growth states of the orange seedlings;
s3, selecting three-stage exocarpium citri rubrum character seeds
Selecting and planting the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings which are planted independently in the S2, selecting the seedlings with the same abnormal characters as the standard in the S1, classifying and grouping the seedlings according to the characteristics of the abnormal characters, and enabling the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings with the same abnormal characters to grow to the result in the same planting mode, wherein the growth characters and the growth information of the seedlings are recorded in detail;
s4, stable bud transformation parallel seed selection
Selecting neutral high-quality seedlings of S1, S2 and S3, wherein when the seeds are selected, the standard of the high-quality characteristics is that the orange seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 are excellent in characteristics, strong in disease resistance, high in yield and high in nutritive value, grafting the high-quality orange seedlings, continuously observing the characteristics of the orange seedlings and the differences of the characteristics of the seedlings of S1, S2 and S3 after grafting, recording in detail, and repeating the steps of S1, S2 and S3 for two to three times;
s5, gene determination
Extracting genome DNA of the original orange seedling in the parent tree, extracting genome DNA of the orange seedling in S4, respectively extracting genome DNA of the orange seedlings in S1, S2 and S3, comparing the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 generated by taking down the original parent tree, and if the genome DNA in S1, S2, S3 and S4 are identical and different from the parent tree, keeping the character orange seedling and simultaneously selecting high-quality orange seedlings with stable genomes for independent planting;
s6, seedling character stability selection
Planting the orange seedlings with the high quality character in the S5 independently, selecting the seedlings with the high quality character for grafting and transplanting, continuously and repeatedly selecting the seedlings with the high quality, eliminating the seedlings with the low quality, and obtaining the seedlings bred by changing the improved orange seed buds;
s7, popularization and planting
And (3) raising seedlings and popularizing and planting the high-quality seedlings in the step S6 in a ring pressing, grafting and breeding mode.
2. The method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel fine seeds of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: recording the abnormal properties of the exocarpium citri rubrum spores according to the shape, size, tillering number and color of the spores when recording the abnormal properties of the exocarpium citri rubrum spores in S1), recording the corresponding number of the branches, the color of the leaves, the shape of the leaves and the growth speed of the spores after the spores grow up, recording the corresponding flowering number and flower type of the spores after the flowers bloom, and recording the size, weight, properties and nutritional ingredients of the fruits after the fruits come out.
3. The method for bud mutation breeding of high-yield pummelo peel fine seeds of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the selection criteria of the obviously good plants in the S2 are full spores, pale leaves, more tillers, thick and strong branches, vigorous growth of the branches, short flowering period, fast growth of fruits, big fruiting fruits, good fruit shape, disease resistance and less fertilizer requirements of the exocarpium citri rubrum seedlings of the plants.
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