CN106900346B - Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method - Google Patents
Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106900346B CN106900346B CN201710289154.0A CN201710289154A CN106900346B CN 106900346 B CN106900346 B CN 106900346B CN 201710289154 A CN201710289154 A CN 201710289154A CN 106900346 B CN106900346 B CN 106900346B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- potato
- vines
- root
- vine
- sweet potato
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for cultivating edible sweet potato seedlings by using simplified potato root vines, which selects healthy potato root vines without frost, diseases and mechanical damage; 3 sections of vines on the upper part of the potato root vines are reserved from the roots to the top; removing leaves and reserving 1 cm of petiole; transplanting to a storage garden for overwintering; after the vines on the potato root vines germinate, new potato vines are collected as seedlings 7-10 days away from the field transplantation; removing leaves of the collected new potato vines, reserving 1 cm long leafstalks, cutting every two sections, planting in a greenhouse field or a three-film double-arched shed field, and watering until the depth is 5 cm; the upper part of the 7-10 Tian potato vine section sprouts to generate small buds, and the lower part sprouts to generate a certain root system, namely the potato vine section is cultivated into an effective seedling transplanting production field. The edible sweet potato seedling growing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the waste sweet potato root and vine is fully utilized for seedling growing, the seed potatoes are saved, the problem of overwintering rotten seeds of the edible sweet potato seed potato during storage is solved, and the labor intensity of sweet potato seedling growing is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a simplified seedling raising method for edible sweet potatoes.
Background
Sweet potatoes, Convolvulaceae, native to Peru, Ecuador and Mexico in south America, have 111 countries or regions around the world to plant sweet potatoes due to the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong fertility, simple and convenient cultivation, high and stable yield, rich nutrition, wide application and the like. At present, the total planting area of sweet potatoes worldwide is stabilized to about 940 million hectares in recent years, the total yield is about 13000 million tons, and the total yield is arranged as the 7 th place in the production of grains, wherein Asia is the most main sweet potato production area in the world, and the planting area and the total yield are respectively 80% and more than 90% of the world. The cultivation of Chinese sweet potatoes has a history of over 400 years, the sweet potatoes are generally cultivated in China, the cultivation distribution is wide, the south begins to be in south China, the south China is in south China, the north China is in inner Mongolia, the northwest China reaches Shanxi, the south China and Xinjiang province, the northeast China is extended to the south of Heilongjiang through Liaoning and Jilin, and the south China is in the south China and is in the Yunnan province and the Yunobi plateau. The main production area is located in the south of 40 degrees north latitude, and the provinces of Sichuan basin, Huang-Huai-Hai, Yangtze river basin and southeast coastal areas are the main production areas of sweet potatoes in China. In recent years, the annual planting area is 500 million hectares, which accounts for 54 percent of the world, and the annual yield is 1.05 hundred million tons, which accounts for 81.8 percent of the world. China has become the biggest sweet potato producing country in the world, and the sweet potatoes are second to rice, wheat and corn and live at the 4 th place in the main crop production of China.
The sweet potato is a grain source, is called as 'half-year sweet potato grain in one year' and 'green food source', and is also a processing raw material source and a biomass energy source. Along with the development requirements of comprehensive processing and utilization of sweet potatoes, the specialized development of the sweet potatoes is an inevitable trend, and the sweet potatoes are roughly classified into starch alcohol processing type varieties, special type varieties (including vegetable type, health type and the like) and edible type varieties at present, wherein the edible type varieties refer to the sweet potatoes with the dry matter rate of 20-32%, are good in taste and mouthfeel, are regular and smooth in shape, are suitable for being directly cooked, roasted and eaten, are suitable for being used as sweet potatoes of a type including fresh fruit type, and require high water content and crisp and comfortable mouthfeel. The production of the sweet potatoes in Jiangxi province in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river has a history of more than 260 years, the sweet potatoes become one of the main dry grain crops at present, the planting area of the sweet potatoes in the whole year is about 200 ten thousand mu, the sweet potatoes are directly eaten, processed by starch, processed by food and the like, the sweet potatoes play an important role in the planting industry structure of the whole province, the planting area accounts for about 6 percent of the cultivated area, and the sweet potatoes account for about 3 percent of the grain sowing area.
The seedling raising is the first link in the production of the sweet potatoes, and the requirements of timely early planting, one-crop neat planting and full-plant strong seedlings can be met without time error only by timely raising enough seedlings and strengthening the seedlings. Taking the current production of the sweet potatoes in Jiangxi as an example, two ways are mainly used for producing the seedling sources of the sweet potatoes by farmers, namely purchasing the seedlings to a seedling company with greenhouse virus-free facility conditions, and adopting the traditional sweet potato seedling raising technology, namely self-using of the stored seed potatoes in winter and seedling raising in spring.
The traditional sweet potato seedling raising technology is that sweet potatoes harvested in autumn are stored, sweet potato vines are planted and cultivated in spring, and then the sweet potato vines are cut into vine sections to be cut and bred into sweet potato seedlings in a cuttage mode. Especially, edible sweet potatoes are easy to rot in winter due to high water content and low dry matter content such as starch, and the preserved sweet potatoes are low in emergence rate and potential difference in emergence when growing seedlings on seedbeds in the second year and slow in growth speed of the sweet potato seedlings. Generally, 30-40 kg of potato seeds are needed to breed seedlings for each mu of field production, and more than 50 kg of potato seeds are needed to breed seedlings for edible sweet potatoes. Compared with starch type sweet potato, the edible sweet potato seedlings are grown together on the same seedbed under the same condition, and the edible sweet potato seedlings are grown into the same amount of seedlings, and the seedling is delayed for at least 7-10 days.
The virus-free seedling raising technology of the sweet potato facilities is widely applied, but only professional companies have the ability to invest in construction for virus-free seedling raising and selling, single farmers even cooperative companies can apply the technology for self-culture without conditions, seedlings for sweet potato production of Jiangxi farmers can also purchase seedlings cultivated by greenhouse virus-free facilities through sweet potato seedling companies, but only the companies can buy the seedlings when selling the seedlings, the planted edible sweet potato varieties have no autonomy completely, the edible sweet potato varieties required by the companies cannot be planted according to the self willingness, and the limitation of the sweet potato varieties is met.
in the development period of modern agriculture at present, the edible sweet potatoes are directly eaten or processed for eating, so that the economic benefit is more remarkable, the production is more and more popular with farmers, the planting area has gradually increased requirements and trends, and the further expansion of the production area is limited by the difficulty in breeding seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a light simplified seedling raising technology for edible sweet potatoes, which is a light simplified seedling raising new technology suitable for farmers to freely master in the future for developing edible sweet potato production which is easy to rot and stores potato seeds in winter, directly and effectively increases the income of the farmers, enriches the food types of the masses of people, improves the utilization rate of land resources and has important practical significance.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
The edible sweet potato root vine seedling raising method includes the following steps: the germplasm material of the traditional seedling raising method is the fruit potatoes harvested in autumn, and the seedling raising method is characterized in that the potato root vines are selected, so that the waste potato root vines are fully utilized, waste is changed into valuable, and the resource utilization rate is improved. The preparation technical key points of the yam root and vine selected as the seed material are that ' 3 ' is not left, and 3 ' is that the strong yam root and vine without frost, diseases and mechanical damage is selected; the remaining 3 sections are that 3 sections of vines on the upper part of the potato root vine are respectively reserved from the root to the top, less than 3 sections are not beneficial to sprouting and seedling in the next spring, and more than 3 sections are not beneficial to germplasm material transportation and storage overwintering. The tuber stem is the mixed section of fibrous root and firewood root of underground part of sweet potato and the connected near-above part of cane. The harvest of sweet potatoes refers to the harvest of root tubers as fruit potatoes and vines as green feed or feed processing sources, the root tubers are waste, the underground roots of the root tubers are stained with soil and can not be eaten, processed and utilized, and can not be used as feed and feed processing sources, the root stubbles can be returned to the field and composted as organic fertilizer when planted in paddy fields, and the root stubbles can be manually removed to facilitate the seeding and seedling emergence of later-stubble crops when planted in dry fields. The technology changes waste potato root vines into valuables and adds the waste potato root vines as sweet potato seedling reserved seeds for full utilization, namely when edible sweet potatoes are harvested, frost-free, disease-free and mechanical damage-free robust potato root vines are selected, 3 sections of vines at the upper parts of the root vines are respectively reserved from the roots to the upper parts, leaves are removed, 1 cm leaf stalks are reserved, meanwhile, the fruit potatoes which are originally used as sweet potato seedling reserved seeds are saved, and the utilization efficiency of the existing resources is improved.
The edible sweet potato simplifies the germplasm material of the seedling raising technology of the potato root vine for storage in winter. The germplasm material potato of the traditional seedling raising method is transferred to a cellar or a greenhouse for storage and overwintering, the edible seed potato is easy to rot in winter due to higher water content, the germplasm material potato root and vine of the seedling raising method is transferred to a greenhouse ground or a leeward field for planting in a three-film double-arch shed ground and overwintering in soil, the area ratio of a production field to a storage garden is determined to be 150:1, the wide-narrow-row planting specification of the potato root and vine of the storage garden is determined to be 30 cm in narrow row spacing, 50 cm in wide row spacing and 18 cm in plant spacing, generally 20 plants are planted per square meter, and the ground temperature of the storage garden (in the greenhouse or the three-film double-arch shed) is kept to be not lower than 5 ℃ during the overwintering period. The seed potatoes are saved in winter, the operation link is simplified, and the labor intensity is reduced. Compared with the traditional seedling raising technology for storing the seed potato blocks, the technology avoids the link of storing the root tuber of the sweet potato, avoids the problem of high seed rotting rate of the edible sweet potato seed stored in winter, meets the requirement that the treatment and the transportation of the root and vine required by the seedling for planting in the same area in the field production of the edible sweet potato are far simpler than the selection and the transportation of the seed potato blocks, simplifies the operation link, reduces labor employment, reduces the labor intensity, is light and has obvious simplifying effect.
the edible sweet potato simplifies the seed material storage garden in-situ seedling raising and heterotopic seedling raising technology of the potato root vine seedling raising technology. The key of the in-situ seedling raising technology is as follows: firstly, bud retention is carried out, 3-4 robust sprouts are selected and retained for each plant, secondly, seedling pulling and shelving are carried out, thick iron wires are tied with plastic ropes above the ground of about 1.6 meters in the greenhouse (a three-film double-arched shed in a leeward field pulls new vines of the sweet potatoes according to the tied rope of a big arched shed framework), the new vines are pulled to shelve after the root vines of the sweet potatoes germinate, thirdly, seedlings are harvested, when the new vines of the sweet potatoes grow to about 2 meters long and are 7-10 days away from the field transplantation, the new vines are harvested to be used as seedling, and the indoor ground temperature is kept to be not lower than 10 ℃ in the period. And fifthly, pretreating seedlings, removing leaves of the collected new potato vines, reserving 1 cm long leafstalks, cutting every two sections, bundling one bundle every 300 sections, planting in a greenhouse ground or a three-film double-arched shed ground, and watering thoroughly, wherein the depth is about 5 cm. The upper part of the potato vine section sprouts to sprout to form small buds and the lower part sprouts to form a certain root system, namely the cultivated effective seedling can be transplanted to a field, and the ground temperature in the greenhouse is kept to be not lower than 15 ℃ in the period.
Or an ectopic seedling raising technology is adopted, and the key is as follows: firstly, the temperature is controlled, and the indoor or greenhouse temperature is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃. Secondly, expanding and transplanting, namely selecting a seedling raising and expanding nursery garden according to 2 times of the area of a storage nursery garden after vines on the sweet potato root vines germinate, and transplanting the germinated sweet potato root vines by applying base fertilizer to the whole land and ridging according to the standard requirements of normal edible sweet potato production and cultivation, wherein the row spacing is 50-60 cm, the plant spacing is 28-33 cm, and the density per mu is 4000-plus-4500 plants for expanding and transplanting the germinated sweet potato root vines. 2/3 germinated potato roots and vines in a storage garden are moved into a transplanting garden, the transplanting garden for seedling cultivation can be conditionally covered by a black mulching film, weeds can be prevented and controlled, ridge soil is kept loose, expansion of edible sweet potato root tubers at later stage is facilitated, and temperature can be increased to promote the early growth of the germinated potato roots and vines and to quickly grow new vines to serve as seedlings. 1/3 potato roots and vines are reserved in the storage garden, and the seedling culture of the potato roots and vines in the storage garden after inter-transplanting can save the process of removing the sprouting of the potato roots and vines in the storage garden, and the process of drawing new vines of the sweet potatoes according to iron wire ropes is not needed. Thirdly, the seedlings are harvested, and after the new vines of the sweet potatoes grow out, the new vines of the sweet potatoes can be harvested for 7-10 days after the new vines of the sweet potatoes are transplanted to the field. And fourthly, pretreating the seedlings, removing leaves of the collected new potato vines, reserving leaf stalks with the length of 1 cm, cutting every two sections, bundling one bundle for every 300 sections, planting the bundles in a greenhouse ground or a three-film double-arched shed ground, and watering thoroughly, wherein the depth is about 5 cm, the upper parts of the potato vines sprout to emit small buds in 7-10 days, and the lower parts sprout to emit certain root systems, so that the seedlings can be cultivated into effective seedlings and can be transplanted into a field.
The edible sweet potato simplifies the seedling raising technology of the potato root and vine and is important in the following aspects:
(1) The edible sweet potato simplified seedling raising method is characterized in that the edible sweet potato simplified seedling raising method is only suitable for being applied for 3 years continuously, and the edible sweet potato is seriously degraded in more than 3 years continuously, so that the technology is a period of three years, namely, in the third year, the disease-free and damage-free sweet potatoes meeting typical characters are selected as seed potatoes in the sweet potatoes produced in a storage garden or a transplanting garden, the seed potatoes are raised in open field in time, the cuttage planting is carried out for producing the sweet potatoes in one season, and the repeated operation is carried out according to the sweet potato root vine seedling raising method. One period every three years can ensure that the edible sweet potato has no degeneration of the seed nature and high and stable yield.
(2) The edible sweet potato simplified seedling raising method has the characteristics of fully utilizing space, large seedling raising quantity and the like, and can harvest a certain amount of fruit potatoes in spring in time even if the potato root vine is subjected to in-situ seedling raising in a storage garden, so that better economic benefit can be obtained due to good early market price. The method is characterized in that the edible simple potato root and vine storage garden is used for in-situ seedling raising, the temperature of a three-film double-arched shed of a greenhouse or a field in a leeward place is controlled to be 5-25 ℃, the temperature is not too high or too low, a window is opened or the shed is removed for ventilation and cooling when the temperature is too high, generally, 800 plus-plant 1000 sweet potato seedlings can be cultivated per square meter, and the planting density per mu of the edible sweet potato field is 4000 plus-plant 4500.
(3) The edible sweet potato seedling culture method has the characteristics of less investment, easy management and low cost, can change waste potato roots and vines into valuable, save a large amount of edible sweet potatoes used as seed potatoes, avoid labor employment in the seed potato storage link and decay loss of seed potato cellaring, has remarkable economic benefit, and is particularly suitable for implementation and application of single farmers in free and independent families, wherein the implementation and application are easy to master.
according to the edible sweet potato seedling growing method, on one hand, the seedling growing technology makes full use of the waste potato roots and vines for seedling growing, saves seed potatoes, improves the commodity rate and the yield value benefits of the sweet potatoes, avoids the problem that the edible seed potatoes are easy to rot and seed, accelerates effective seedling growing of the sweet potatoes, reduces labor for storing and breeding the edible sweet potato seed potatoes, saves the production cost of the sweet potatoes, reduces the labor intensity for seedling growing of the sweet potatoes, achieves the effect of light and simplified seedling growing of the sweet potatoes, enables vast single farmers to freely master the sweet potato seedling growing and rapid propagation technology, and increases both production and income. On the other hand, the seedling raising technology meets the strategic development requirement of storing the grain in the technical storage place, adds a light and simplified sweet potato seedling raising new method which can enable a single farmer to easily master and apply the new method independently, can effectively solve the problem that the edible sweet potato seed is difficult to store in winter and grow seedlings in spring, promotes the subjective motility that the farmer can freely and voluntarily plant the edible sweet potato, promotes the production and development of the edible sweet potato, and well meets the rich and various requirements of people with increasingly improved living standard on food.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described with reference to examples.
Example 1
1. Edible sweet potato root and vine seedling cultivation technology for light simplification of potato root and vine storage in winter
(1) pretreatment of potato root and vine before storage: after harvesting the edible sweet potatoes in autumn, harvesting the fruit potatoes in the middle of 10 to 11 months generally in open land of Jiangxi province, namely before frost comes, selecting healthy and strong potato roots and vines which are frost-free, disease-free and mechanical-damage-free, reserving 3 sections of vines at the upper parts of the roots and vines from the roots to the top, removing leaves, and reserving 1 cm leaf stalks for later use. 4000 minus one 4500 potato vine plants are generally used in edible sweet potato fields per mu, part of the potato vine roots damaged by the harvesting machinery due to frost damage of diseases and insects are removed, and at least 3000 minus one potato vine plant is selected per mu.
(2) The storage measures of the potato roots and the vines are as follows: according to the breeding seedling amount required by the edible sweet potato production in the field in the next year, a proper sweet potato seedling raising field is selected as a potato root storage garden, a three-film double-arched shed can be adopted in a greenhouse or a field in a leeward place, the area ratio of the production field to the storage garden in the next year is about 150 by taking the first batch of effective seedlings as a standard: 1, namely, the storage nursery area of the seedlings required by one mu of edible sweet potato in the field only needs 4 to 5 square meters. Planting in greenhouse with flat bed, wide row, narrow row and the same plant spacing, i.e. narrow row spacing of 30 cm, wide row spacing of 50 cm and plant spacing of 18 cm, generally planting 20 plants per square meter, and keeping the indoor ground temperature not lower than 5 ℃ during overwintering. A three-film double-arch shed for leeward field is used for cultivation in the same greenhouse, and the three-film double-arch shed is additionally covered, namely one film is covered on the ground, a small arch shed covering film with the ceiling height of 40-60 cm is covered, and a large arch shed covering film with the ceiling height of 160-180 cm is covered.
2. The edible sweet potato root vine seedling raising technology is simplified by the following steps:
In-situ seedling raising in a tuber stem storage garden: after wintering, after spring minutes, the climate temperature rises again, in late 3 months, taking Jiangxi as an example, after the vines on the root vines of the sweet potatoes germinate, selecting and reserving 3-4 strong sprouts for each plant, spraying urea solution with the concentration not higher than 5% to accelerate seedling, then pulling 14-16 # iron wires according to the plant row spacing of the planted root vines of the sweet potatoes above the ground surface of about 1.6 meters in a greenhouse (a three-film double-arch shed in a leeward field draws the new vines of the sweet potatoes along a large arch shed framework tether), binding plastic ropes on the iron wires, binding one ends of the ropes on the iron wires, binding the other ends of the ropes on the root vines of the sweet potatoes, binding one sprout on one rope so that the new vines climb upwards along the ropes after the root vines of the sweet potatoes germinate, manually winding the newly-sent long sweet potatoes onto the ropes for generally 3-4 days for 1 time, waiting for the new vines to grow to about 2, and transplanting the sweet potatoes to a large field with a distance of 7-10, the new potato vine can be harvested as the seedling, and the ground temperature in the greenhouse is kept to be not lower than 10 ℃ during the period.
After the first batch of new potato vines are harvested, urea solution with the concentration not higher than 5% is sprayed in time for 1-2 times to urge the second batch of seedlings to germinate. Removing leaves of the collected new potato vines, reserving 1 cm long leafstalks, cutting every two sections, bundling one bundle every 300 sections, planting in a greenhouse field or a three-film double-arched shed field, and thoroughly watering, wherein the depth is about 5 cm. The upper part of the potato vine section sprouts to sprout to form small buds and the lower part sprouts to form a certain root system, namely the cultivated effective seedling can be transplanted to a field, and the ground temperature in the greenhouse is kept to be not lower than 15 ℃ in the period.
The in-situ seedling raising has good facility conditions, and although light labor is needed for pulling the new potato vines to come on the line, the in-situ seedling raising and sprouting of the potato vines are quick, the seedling rate is high, and the space is fully utilized.
Example 2
In the edible sweet potato simple tuber stem seedling raising technology of the step 2 of the above example 1, the following method can be adopted:
Ex-situ seedling culture in a tuber vine storage garden: after winter, the climate temperature rises again after spring minutes, the temperature is stabilized to be above 10 ℃ in late 3 months by taking Jiangxi as an example, after vines on the sweet potato roots germinate, a seedling raising and transplanting garden can be selected according to 2 times of the area of the storage garden, and the germinated sweet potato roots and vines are transplanted by applying base fertilizer to the whole land and making ridges according to the standard of normal edible sweet potato production and cultivation, wherein the row spacing is 50-60 cm, the plant spacing is 28-33 cm, and the density of near mu is 4000 plus 4500 plants. 2/3 sprouted potato rootvines from the storage plot were transferred to the storage plot, which retained 1/3 sprouted potato rootvines. The potato root and vine seedling culture in the intercropping storage garden can save the process of removing the sprouting of the potato root and vine and does not need to carry out the traction process of new vines of the sweet potatoes according to the iron wire ropes. The expanded nursery can be covered with black mulching film for preventing and controlling weed, keeping loose ridge soil and benefiting the expansion of edible sweet potato root tuber in later period, and raising temperature to promote the early growth of germinated potato root and vine and the fast growth of new vine as seedling. Urea solution with the concentration not higher than 5% can be sprayed for accelerating the seedling in the process of seedling culture for a plurality of times according to the situation in the storage nursery and the propagation nursery.
And (3) after the new vines of the sweet potatoes grow out, harvesting the new vines as seed seedlings 7-10 days after the new vines of the sweet potatoes are transplanted in the field, and spraying urea solution with the concentration not higher than 5% for 1-2 times to hasten the germination of the second batch of seedlings after the first batch of new vines of the sweet potatoes are harvested. Removing leaves of the collected new potato vines, reserving leaf stalks with the length of 1 cm, cutting every two sections, bundling every 300 sections, planting in a greenhouse or a three-film double-arched shed, watering thoroughly, wherein the depth is about 5 cm, the upper parts of the potato vines sprout to give small buds in 7-10 days, and the lower parts sprout to give a certain root system, so that the new potato vines can be bred into effective seedlings to be transplanted into a field.
Due to insufficient temperature raising conditions, the heterotopic seedling raising quantity is relatively small, the seedling raising speed is relatively slow, but labor is relatively saved, and the seedling raising and transplanting nursery can harvest a large quantity of edible sweet potatoes earlier to be sold on the market to obtain better economic benefit.
The new seedling raising method accelerates the effective seedling raising of the sweet potatoes and ensures the urgent need of sufficient seedlings needed for the early emergence and good marketing benefit of edible sweet potato production. In the spring seedling-raising link of the next year, the technology fully utilizes the space and facility conditions of the storage garden due to the potato root vine seedling raising, the potato root vine seedling raising does not need to move again, the direct germination and seedling raising is realized by the rising of the climate temperature, the seedling raising of the seed potato tuber vine needs to move to a seedbed, the germination and seedling raising speed is delayed by at least 15-20 days under the same climate temperature condition and measures, the seedling raising of the potato root vine for effective seedling raising with the same quantity is 15-25 days earlier than that of the seed potato tuber vine, and the specific table 1 is shown below.
TABLE 1 comparison table of germination and seedling conditions for different seedling raising methods
Edible sweet potatoes simplify the selection of materials and condition facilities required by the whole process of potato root vine seedling raising technology, mainly comprising potato root vines, a greenhouse or a three-film double-arch shed, iron wires, plastic ropes, black films, fertilizers and the like, which are common and can be easily purchased or rented by farmers, so the novel seedling raising method can be easily mastered by the farmers and applied and popularized: the overwintering storage condition facility required by the technology is a greenhouse or a field in a leeward place and a three-film double-arch shed which are used as storage gardens, the area of the storage gardens is not required to be large, namely, the area of the storage gardens for cultivating the first batch of seedlings required by sweet potato production in each mu of field only needs 5-6 square meters. If the edible sweet potatoes need to be planted for a long time and want to be once and for all, a single farmer can invest in building the greenhouse and renting the greenhouse for a short time, the edible sweet potatoes are planted for a short time and the fund is not very abundant, the single farmer can select the field in the leeward to build the three-film double-arch greenhouse, the three-film double-arch greenhouse technology is mastered by the common public and the facility building investment is not large, and the single farmer can completely independently and voluntarily bear and develop the edible sweet potatoes. Therefore, the technology is easy to master and apply by farmers and is particularly suitable for household small-scale implementation by farmers.
The edible sweet potato simplifies the 3-year application period of the potato root vine seedling raising technology. The experimental research of many years shows that the edible sweet potato simplified seedling raising method is only suitable for being applied for 3 continuous years, and the edible sweet potato has serious degeneration in the continuous time of more than 3 years, so that the technology has a period of three years, namely, in the third year, the disease-free and damage-free fruit potatoes meeting the typical characters are selected as seed potatoes in the fruit potatoes produced in a storage garden or a diffusion garden, the seed potatoes are planted in open field in time and are subjected to cuttage planting to produce the sweet potatoes one night, and then the method is repeatedly carried out according to the seed potato root vine seedling raising method. One period every three years can ensure that the edible sweet potato has no degeneration of the seed nature and high and stable yield.
The edible sweet potatoes are required to have good quality and flavor, high sugar content and good appearance and commodity property, particularly the edible fresh fruit type sweet potatoes are required to have high water content and crisp taste, the edible fruit type sweet potatoes Ganci potato No. 2 (Ganci sweet potato 2010002) bred by the Jiangxi province red soil research institute are taken as a reference material to carry out a potato root vine seedling culture comparison test, the main results of the three-year test are shown in the following table 2, namely, the three-year potato root vine seedling culture lasts for three years, the agronomic characters, the yield and the quality of Ganci potato No. 2 show a descending trend, the two treatment processes of the agronomic characters, the yield and the quality of Ganci potato No. 2 in the first year are slightly better than those of the seed tuber vine seedling culture technology treatment, the two treatment indexes of the characters of Ganci potato No. 2 in the second year are equal, the two treatment processes of the characters of the Ganci potato No. 2 in the third year are completely reversed, but the difference is not very large, so that the three-year root vine seedling culture technology used in the third year is obviously different from the root vine seedling culture period, the root tuber vine seedling production of the root tuber vine, the yield of the edible potato root tuber vine, and the yield of the edible fruit type sweet potato, and the quality of the.
TABLE 2 agronomic characters and quality of edible sweet potatoes by different seedling raising methods
The edible sweet potato root and vine seedling raising technology utilizes the waste sweet potato root and vine to increase the sweet potato production benefit:
The tuber stem and vine refers to the mixed section of fibrous root and firewood root of underground part of sweet potato and the stem and vine of the near-ground part connected with each other. The harvest of sweet potatoes refers to the harvest of tuber roots as fruit potatoes and vines as feed (directly used as green feed or feed processing source), generally, the tuber roots and vines are waste after the sweet potatoes are harvested, because the underground parts of the tuber roots and vines are stained with soil, the tuber roots and vines cannot be eaten and processed and utilized, the tuber roots and vines cannot be used as feed and feed processing source, the root stubbles can be planted in paddy fields and returned to the fields to be rotted to serve as organic fertilizer, and the root stubbles are manually removed in dry land to facilitate the seeding and seedling emergence of afterreap crops. The technology changes waste potato root and vine into valuable things, adds the waste potato root and vine as sweet potato seedling seed reservation and makes full use of the waste potato root and vine, and saves the original use of the fruit and potato as sweet potato seedling seed reservation. According to investigation, the potato blocks are used for raising seedlings, the first batch of effective seedlings meets the requirement of planting sweet potatoes in a field per mu, 30-40 kg of seed potatoes are needed, and the edible sweet potatoes have relatively low dry matter content and high storage rotten seed rate, and at least 50 kg of fruit potatoes are needed as the seed potatoes. However, the edible sweet potatoes generally have better market price (starch type sweet potatoes are used as a contrast), so the application of the technology can directly increase the production benefit of the edible sweet potatoes. See table 3 below for details.
TABLE 3 summary of the conditions of edible sweet potato, simplified potato root and vine seedling raising technology, direct increase of economic benefit
Note: the market price of the sweet potato is calculated according to the price of 1.6-2.0 yuan/kg appearing in the market of the sweet potato in Nanchang city of Jiangxi province in 2016.
The edible sweet potato root vine seedling raising technology is simplified, and the problems that the seed potatoes are stored in winter and the effective seedling of the sweet potatoes is accelerated are solved:
compared with the seed potato stored by the germplasm material in the traditional seedling raising technology, the overwintering stored germplasm material of the technology is used for planting the root and vine of the sweet potato, can not rot seeds, avoids the link of storing the tuberous root of the sweet potato and avoids the problem of high seed rot rate of the edible sweet potato seed, and is detailed in the following table 4. The potato root and vine processing and carrying requirements of seedlings for planting in the same area are far easier and simpler than potato seed block selecting and carrying, the operation link is simplified, labor employment is reduced, labor intensity is reduced, and the effects of light weight and simplification are obvious. Meanwhile, in the spring seedling raising link in the next year, as the space and facility conditions of the storage garden are fully utilized for potato root vine seedling raising, the potato root vine seedling raising does not move, the climate temperature rises again, the potato root vine seedlings can sprout and grow directly, the potato seed block seedling raising needs to move to a seedbed, under the same climate temperature condition and measures, the sprouting and seedling growing speed is at least 15-20 days later, and the potato root vine seedling raising for effectively raising the equivalent number of seedlings is 15-25 days earlier than the potato seed block seedling raising.
TABLE 4 overwintering storage carrier and rotten seed condition table for different seedling raising methods
The edible sweet potato root and vine seedling raising technology is easy for farmers to master application and popularization:
Compared with the traditional seedling raising technology for storing the potato seeds, the required condition facility of the technology is a three-film double-arch greenhouse instead of a cellar in a greenhouse or a field in a leeward place, the greenhouse has the same conditions and is self-built or rented, the three-film double-arch greenhouse technology is mastered by the public and is low in cost of facility construction, the capital investment is not higher than that of the cellar, and a single farmer can completely and independently develop the potato seeds. The conditions of the facilities are shown in Table 5 below.
TABLE 5 condition table of facility required by edible sweet potato seedling raising technology
Compared with the greenhouse virus-free seedling cultivation technology, the greenhouse conditions are the same, but the establishment and technical key of the virus-free tissue culture room are not held by every farmer, the greenhouse virus-free seedling cultivation technology can only be mastered and applied by a full-time company or a cooperative with certain economic strength, only a single farmer can buy sweet potato seedlings from the company, but the selection of the planted edible sweet potato varieties has no complete autonomy and can only plant the varieties provided by the company.
Claims (5)
1. The edible sweet potato root vine seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Selecting healthy potato roots and vines which are frost-free, disease-free and mechanical damage-free; the tuber stem and vine refers to the mixed section of fibrous root and firewood root of the underground part of the sweet potato and the adjacent rattan stem of the near-ground part; 3 sections of vines on the upper part of the potato root vines are reserved from the roots to the top; removing leaves and reserving 1 cm of petiole; transplanting to a storage garden for overwintering;
planting the potato roots and the vines in the storage garden in wide and narrow rows, wherein the narrow row spacing is 30 cm, the wide row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 18 cm, and 20 plants are planted per square meter; the temperature in the storage garden during overwintering is not lower than 5 ℃;
After the vines on the potato root vines germinate, new potato vines are harvested as seedlings when 7-10 days later than the field transplantation, and the indoor ground temperature is kept to be not lower than 10 ℃ in the period;
Pretreating seedlings, removing leaves of collected new potato vines, keeping leafstalks with the length of 1 cm, cutting every two sections, bundling one bundle every 300 sections, planting in a greenhouse field or a three-film double-arched shed field, and watering thoroughly with the depth of 5 cm; the upper part of the 7-10 day potato vine section sprouts to generate small buds, the lower part sprouts to generate a certain root system, namely the potato vine section is bred into an effective seedling transplanting production field, and the ground temperature in the greenhouse is kept to be not lower than 15 ℃ in the period.
2. the edible sweet potato simplified potato root vine seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the storage nursery is a greenhouse ground or a leeward field three-film double-arched shed ground.
3. The edible sweet potato simplified potato root vine seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the production field to the storage nursery is 150: 1.
4. the edible sweet potato simple potato root vine seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the vines on the potato root vines germinate, the method further comprises the following processing steps of selecting and reserving 3-4 strong sprouts for each plant, pulling and putting the seedlings on a shelf, pulling the new vines of the sweet potatoes to be 2 meters above the ground 1.6 meters in the greenhouse by using a three-film double-arched shed in a leeward field, pulling the new vines to be put on the shelf by using the ropes of the large arched shed framework, and then harvesting the new vines to be used as seedlings when the distance from the field transplantation is 7-10 days.
5. The edible sweet potato root and vine seedling method according to claim 1, wherein after the vines on the sweet potato root and vine sprout, the method further comprises the following processing steps of selecting a seedling-raising and transplanting nursery according to 2 times of the area of a storage nursery, and transplanting the sprouting sweet potato root and vine by applying base fertilizer to the whole land and making ridges according to the standard of normal edible sweet potato production and cultivation, wherein the row spacing is 50-60 cm, the plant spacing is 28-33 cm, and the mu density is 4000-4500 plants for sprouting sweet potato root and vine transplanting; and then the new potato vines are harvested as the seedlings 7-10 days after the transplanting in the field.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710289154.0A CN106900346B (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710289154.0A CN106900346B (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106900346A CN106900346A (en) | 2017-06-30 |
| CN106900346B true CN106900346B (en) | 2019-12-10 |
Family
ID=59210993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710289154.0A Active CN106900346B (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106900346B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108718974A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-02 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of early method for culturing seedlings of sweet potato vine press strip rush |
| CN110419394A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-08 | 重庆厚华蔬菜种苗有限公司 | Water spinach method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110771469A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-02-11 | 沈林 | Method for planting sweet potato vine for green feed all year round |
| CN111213558A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-06-02 | 张国栋 | Sweet potato virus-free planting method |
| CN113040016A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-29 | 怀宁县小市镇平坦社区经济联合社 | Autumn-winter-breeding spring-transplanting seedling raising method for sweet potatoes |
| CN112997830A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-22 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Sweet potato seedling method by leaving field |
| CN114586623B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-18 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Annual breeding and supplying method for plateau sweet potato seedlings |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101946604A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2011-01-19 | 镇江市天成畜禽有限公司 | Overwintering method for protecting purple sweet potato planted seedlings |
| CN102369829A (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-03-14 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of purple sweet potatoes |
| CN103270886A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-09-04 | 姚建成 | Sweet potato vine seedling breeding method in winter |
| CN103891503A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north |
| CN104472178A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-01 | 宜昌市农业技术推广中心 | High-yield sweet potato cultivation method and seedbed for raising seedlings |
| CN104541873A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 郭春青 | Method of multi-year seedling producing and collecting by one-time planting of sweet potato nursery |
| CN104782364A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-22 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Sweet potato branch pressing seedling cultivating method |
| CN104920051A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-23 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Method for protecting seedlings of sweet potatoes for vegetable use in winter greenhouse and marketing sweet potato seedlings in advance |
| CN104956903A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-10-07 | 成吉新 | Hibernation seedling growing method for potato vines |
| CN105165349A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Leaf vegetable sweet potato seedling culture method |
| CN105432309A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-30 | 界首市鲜天下家庭农场 | High-yield planting method for purple sweet potatoes |
| CN105766288A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-20 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for staged harvest and whole-year production of early-spring sweet potatoes |
-
2017
- 2017-04-27 CN CN201710289154.0A patent/CN106900346B/en active Active
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101946604A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2011-01-19 | 镇江市天成畜禽有限公司 | Overwintering method for protecting purple sweet potato planted seedlings |
| CN102369829A (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-03-14 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of purple sweet potatoes |
| CN103270886A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-09-04 | 姚建成 | Sweet potato vine seedling breeding method in winter |
| CN103891503A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north |
| CN104472178A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-01 | 宜昌市农业技术推广中心 | High-yield sweet potato cultivation method and seedbed for raising seedlings |
| CN104541873A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 郭春青 | Method of multi-year seedling producing and collecting by one-time planting of sweet potato nursery |
| CN104782364A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-22 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Sweet potato branch pressing seedling cultivating method |
| CN104920051A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-23 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Method for protecting seedlings of sweet potatoes for vegetable use in winter greenhouse and marketing sweet potato seedlings in advance |
| CN104956903A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-10-07 | 成吉新 | Hibernation seedling growing method for potato vines |
| CN105165349A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Leaf vegetable sweet potato seedling culture method |
| CN105432309A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-30 | 界首市鲜天下家庭农场 | High-yield planting method for purple sweet potatoes |
| CN105766288A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-20 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for staged harvest and whole-year production of early-spring sweet potatoes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 商洛山区甘薯蔓头越冬育苗技术;李元华等;《陕西农业科学》;20160925;第62卷(第9期);第127页到第128页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106900346A (en) | 2017-06-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106900346B (en) | Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method | |
| CN110169346B (en) | Cherry tomato soilless culture method suitable for tropical area | |
| CN102948353A (en) | Cultivation method of Yuanyou pawpaw trees | |
| CN111133948A (en) | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Taiqiu sweet persimmons | |
| Amrilloyevna et al. | THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF APPLE TREES IN INTENSIVE FRUIT ORCHARDS ARE HARDWOOD CUTTING COMBINATIONS AND THEIR DEPENDENCE ON THE THICKNESS OF SEEDLINGS. | |
| CN102687665A (en) | Breeding method for improving yield and seed production purity of hot pickled mustard tubers | |
| CN106212148A (en) | A kind of method of pearl guava nursery | |
| CN104838856A (en) | Method for conducting crop rotation of asparagus lettuce, waxy corn, cowpea and winter cabbage in annual-four-crop mode in Chongqing | |
| CN104160856B (en) | A kind of cultivation method improving kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount | |
| CN110754235A (en) | High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field | |
| CN110810165A (en) | Green production and crop rotation technical method for fresh corn and strawberries | |
| Yunusov | THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF APPLE TREES IN INTENSIVE FRUIT ORCHARDS ARE HARDWOOD CUTTING COMBINATIONS AND THEIR DEPENDENCE ON THE THICKNESS OF SEEDLINGS. | |
| CN105284590B (en) | The breeding method of precocity shape sponge gourd with a tight waist | |
| CN114258825A (en) | Cultivation method for improving quality and yield of cistanche seeds | |
| CN1415184A (en) | Cultivation method for matching fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities | |
| CN109845571B (en) | Planting method for intercropping kiwi fruits by using northern tea shed | |
| CN112293175A (en) | Efficient production method of facility peppers | |
| CN112136617A (en) | Planting method for achieving one-crop-multiple-harvest of oilseed rape | |
| CN105075645B (en) | A kind of cauliflower of surviving the winter, spring eat the breeding method of green soy bean and summer cabbage mustard raw | |
| CN108934881A (en) | The efficient growing and cultivation method of the one dual-purpose sweet potato of potato seed dish | |
| Hai et al. | Effect of plant density and foliar fertilizer spray on growth and yield of netted melon (Cucumis melo L.)‘Inthanon RZ’ | |
| Biswas | Development of an improved kangkong variety with assessment of its profitability for commercial cultivation and suitability for balcony cultivation | |
| CN108738591B (en) | Method for interplanting vine type winter kidney beans with cassava stems | |
| KR102071287B1 (en) | Method for inducing early flowering and improving fruit yield of strawberry by controlling nutrient solution supplying period before transplant | |
| CN1778159A (en) | Cultivation of cucumber quality for pickling process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |