CN106900346A - Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, specially food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, from free of frost, disease-free, the healthy and strong potato root rattan that has no mechanical damage；The tendril on potato root rattan top respectively stays 3 sections upwards from root；Blade is removed, retains 1 centimetre of petiole；Transplant to storage garden and survive the winter；After tendril germination on potato root rattan, new potato rattan is harvested when also having 7 10 days away from field-transplanting and makees seedling；The new potato tendril removal blade of harvesting, retains the petiole of 1 centimeter length, is cut by every two one section of sections, plants in greenhouse ground or in the double shed ground of three films, pours permeable, 5 centimetres of depth；Budlet is sprouted in potato rattan section top within 7 10 days, and certain root system is sprouted in bottom, that is, be bred as that for effective seedling production crop field can be transplanted.The food sweet potato that the present invention is provided gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, and taking full advantage of discarded object potato root rattan carries out nursery, saves potato seed, has evaded food sweet potato potato seed and has stored rotten kind of problem of surviving the winter, and alleviates sweet potato nursery labour intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, specially food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
Sweet potato, Convolvulaceae originates in Peru, Ecuador, the band of Mexico one in South America, because it has wide adaptability, numerous
Grow that power is strong, simple cultivation, high yield are surely received, it is nutritious, widely used the features such as, the whole world has 111 countries to plant
Sweet potato.The current whole world total cultivated area of sweet potato is stablized at 9,400,000 hectares or so in recent years, and total output is about 130,000,000 tons, in grain
Total yield is arranged as the 7th in food production, wherein, Asia is topmost Ipomoea batatas producing region in the world, its cultivated area and total output
Respectively the 80% and more than 90% of the world.Existing more than the 400 years history of the sweet potato cultivation of China, generally plants in the whole nation, existing
Cultural distribution is very wide, and south from the South China Sea Islands, north to the Inner Mongol, northwest reaches Shaanxi, south of Gansu Province and the band of Xinjiang one, and northeast is through Liaoning, Ji
Woods is extended to Heilungkiang south, and Zang Nan and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau are supported in southwest.Its major production areas is located on the south 40 ° of north latitude, the Sichuan Basin, Huang
Huai-Hai, the Yangtze river basin and southeastern coast each province are China Ipomoea batatas main producing regions.In recent years, 5,000,000 hectares of Annual planting area, account for the world
54%, 1.05 hundred million tons of annual production accounts for the world 81.8%.China has turned into sweet potato producing country maximum in the world, in the agriculture in the whole nation
In crop main product, sweet potato is only second to paddy rice, wheat and corn, occupies the 4th.
Sweet potato is grain source, have the title in " 1 year sweet potato half a year grain " and " pollution-free food source ", be also the source of processing raw material and
Biomass energy.With sweet potato comprehensive processing and utilization demand for development, the development of sweet potato tailored versionization is inexorable trend, current coarse point
It is starch alcohol processing type kind, spy's type kind (including dish type and health etc.) and edible-type kind, wherein edible-type
Kind refers to fresh sweet potato dry rate 20%~32%, and food flavor is good, and mouthfeel is good, and potato shape is neatly smooth, is suitable for directly boiling, bakes, fresh
One class Ipomoea batatas kind of food, including eat fruit type raw, it is desirable to water content is high, and mouthfeel is crisp and refreshing).It is located in the river in middle and lower reach of Yangtze River region
West saves sweet potato production the history in more than 260 years, at present as one of main upland grain, 2,000,000 mu of long-term sweet potato cultivated area
The utilizations such as left and right, direct fruit potato is edible, starch processing, food processing, occupy critical role in the whole province's crop mix, plant
Area accounts for the 6% of cultivated area, accounts for 3% of grain acreage or so.
Nursery is the primary link in sweet potato production, and sufficient seedling strong sprout is only educated in good time, ensures to accomplish with could not mistaking the chance
Early cultivation in good time, the requirement that a batch cultivation is neat, seedling complete stool is strong.So that current Jiangxi sweet potato produces as an example, peasant sweet potato production source of seedling
Main to have two kinds of approach, one is to purchase seedling to the seedling company with greenhouse detoxification facility condition, and two is using traditional sweet potato
Seedling-raising technique, i.e., oneself store away in winter potato spring nursery of reserving seed for planting and use by oneself.
Traditional sweet potato seedling-raising technique is that the sweet potato for harvesting autumn passes through storage, and potato rattan is cultivated in spring plant, then will
Potato rattan is cut into rattan segment cuttage and breeds into sweet potato seedling, and this method is taken a lot of work, time-consuming, expense potato seed, and the storage technology in winter is difficult the palm
Hold, influence next year breeding.Especially food sweet potato, because its water content is higher, the dry matter content such as starch is relatively low, stores away in winter especially
Easy rotten kind, and keep the seedbed nursery of potato seed Second Year when emergence rate is low and potential difference of emerging, potato seedling growth speed long is slow.It is general every
Seedling required for mu Production of Large Fields must be bred seedling by 30-40 kilograms of potato seed, and food sweet potato then needs more than 50 kilograms
Seedling is bred in potato seed.Compare with starch type sweet potato, in same seedbed equal conditions nursery together, food sweet potato seedling will
Equivalent seedling is bred as, at least to postpone 7-10 days.
Sweet potato facility detoxification seedling-raising technique is widely used, but simply specialized company just have the ability investment construction taken off
Malicious nursery sale, all unconditionally this technology self-fertile of application is used by oneself for single peasant even cooperative society, Jiangxi peasant's sweet potato production
With seedling, it is also possible to by sweet potato sprout company buy greenhouse detoxification facilities to breed seedling, but can only company have what seedling
Sold and what seedling just buy, plant what food sweet potato kind completely without independence, it is impossible to be ready that planting oneself wants by oneself
Food sweet potato kind, limited by sweet potato variety.
During current modern agricultural development, food sweet potato directly eats or processing and eating because of it, its economic benefit ratio
Relatively highlight, production is increasingly liked by peasant, cultivated area has a demand and trend for incrementally increasing, and its further expansion
Production area then receives the limitation that seedling difficulty is educated.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of food sweet potato and gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique, is by the autumn
The potato root rattan that it is harvested passes through to transplant to ground in greenhouse or in three films pair sheds in ground, without too large space area, by whole
Individual Winter Cultivation sweet potato root rattan, gives over to Second Year spring sweet potato nursery, is to be adapted to free the light of autonomous grasp of peasant to simplify nursery
New technology, the easily rotten food sweet potato production of potato seed is stored away in winter to development, is directly effectively increased farmers' income, enriches people's food
Species, improve land resources utilization rate, with important major and immediate significance.
Specifically technical scheme is：
Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, and germplasm materials are selected and prepared：The germplasm of traditional seedling raising method
Material is the fruit potato harvested from autumn, and this method for culturing seedlings is from potato root rattan, to make full use of discarded object potato root rattan, change give up into
Treasured improves resource utilization.It is " 3 without stay 3 " that 3 without seeking to from nothing from the potato root rattan technology of preparing main points for making germplasm materials
Frost, disease-free, the healthy and strong potato root rattan that has no mechanical damage；3 tendrils for being exactly potato root rattan top are stayed respectively to stay 3 sections upwards from root,
It is unfavorable for next spring rudiment nursery less than 3 sections, is unfavorable for that germplasm materials transhipment, storage are survived the winter more than 3 sections.Potato root rattan refers to sweet
The fibrous root of potato under ground portion and Chai Gen and the nearly aerial part rattan mixing section mutually ined succession.Sweet potato rewarding refers to harvest root tuber to make
Fruit potato, tendril make greenfeed or feed manufacturing source, and potato root rattan is then discarded object, because its subterranean root is stained with soil, can neither
Edible and processing and utilization, also cannot used as fodder and feed manufacturing source, paddy planting can also root stubble return field and macerate rotten as organic
Fertilizer, in nonirrigated farmland, plantation then will be removed manually with sharp succession crop insemination and emergence.Discarded object potato root rattan is turned waste into wealth and added by this technology
Reserved seed for planting as sweet potato nursery and made full use of, i.e., when food sweet potato is harvested, selection free of frost, disease-free, mechanical are damaged
The healthy and strong potato root rattan of wound, the tendril on root rattan top respectively stays 3 sections upwards from root, removes blade, retains 1 centimetre of petiole, same to time
Having saved will be reserved seed for planting using fruit potato as sweet potato nursery originally, improve the utilization ratio of existing resource.
Food sweet potato gently simplifies the germplasm materials winter storage of potato root rattan seedling-raising technique.The kind material of traditional seedling raising method
Material fruit potato is transported to cellar or greenhouse storage is survived the winter, and rotten potato seed is easily stored away in winter in edible-type potato seed because water content is higher, and this nursery
The germplasm materials potato root rattan of method be transported in greenhouse ground or the double shed ground of the film of leeward field three in plant and survived the winter in soil, and
The area ratio that specify that production crop field and store garden is 150:1, specify that storage garden potato root rattan wide-narrow row planting specification is narrow
30 centimetres of line-spacing, away from 50 centimetres, 18 centimetres of spacing in the rows, general every square metre of 20 plants of plantation, this period of surviving the winter will keep storage to wide row
Garden (in greenhouse or the double sheds of three films) ground temperature is not less than 5 DEG C.Potato seed winter storage is eliminated, operation link is simplified and is alleviated labor
Fatigue resistance.Compared with storage kind potato wedges tradition seedling-raising technique, this technology eliminates storage sweet potato root tuber link, has evaded edible-type
Sweet potato potato seed winter stores the rotten kind of big problem of rate, required for meeting the same area plant seedling of food sweet potato Production of Large Fields
The treatment of potato root rattan is carried and also selects carrying easily simply more than kind of a potato wedges, simplifies operation link, reduces services dispatch, is reduced
Labour intensity, light to simplify effect obvious.
Food sweet potato gently simplifies the garden original position nursery of germplasm materials storage and the dystopy seedling-raising technique of potato root rattan seedling-raising technique
It is crucial.Seedling-raising technique key in situ is：One is to stay bud, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 3-4 healthy and strong rudiment, and two is to lead seedling restocking, in greenhouse
Draw crude iron in the top (the double sheds of the film of leeward field three are just according to the new tendril of big arch shed skeleton tether traction sweet potato) that about 1.6 meters of interior ground
Silk ties up new tendril restocking after the germination of plastics wire saws sweet potato root rattan, and three is harvesting seedling, treats that long to about 2 meters of the new tendril of sweet potato is long,
And away from field-transplanting also have 7-10 days when harvest new potato rattan and make seedling, keep ground temperature in greenhouse to be not less than 10 DEG C during this.Five
It is seedling pretreatment, the new potato tendril removal blade of harvesting retains the petiole of 1 centimeter length, cut by every two one section of sections, every 300
Section pricks a bundle, plants in greenhouse ground or in the double shed ground of three films, pours permeable, and depth is advisable with 5 cms.7-10 days potato rattan sections
Budlet is sprouted in top, and certain root system is sprouted in bottom, that is, be bred as that crop field can be transplanted for effective seedling, keeps greenhouse during this
Interior ground temperature is not less than 15 DEG C.
Or use dystopy seedling-raising technique, it is important to：One is temperature control, and indoor or temperature of shed stabilization is more than 10 DEG C.Two
It is to expand to move, after the tendril germination on sweet potato root rattan, you can expand by 2 times of selection nursery of storage garden area and move garden, by normal edible
Type sweet potato production cultivation standard requirement site preparation basal dressing making ridge transplants the potato root rattan of rudiment, 50-60 centimetres of line-spacing, spacing in the rows 28-
33 centimetres, the standard of 4000-4500 plants of nearly mu density carries out rudiment potato root rattan and expands shifting.The 2/3 rudiment potato root rattan that garden will be stored moves
Enter to expand and move garden, the expansion of nursery moves the conditional available black film mulching in garden, both can controlling weeds, ridge soil loosening can be kept to have again
Sharp later stage food sweet potato root tuber is expanded, moreover it is possible to is heated the promotion rudiment potato root new tendril of rattan early growth and quick tiller and is made seedling.Storage garden is protected
1/3 rudiment potato root rattan is stayed, the storage garden potato root rattan nursery after a shifting removes potato root rattan rudiment operation between can saving, and need not also press iron
Cord carries out the traction operation of the new tendril of sweet potato.Three is harvesting seedling, after the new tendril of sweet potato is longer, away from field-transplanting also
When having 7-10 days, you can the new potato rattan of harvesting makees seedling.Four is seedling pretreatment, and the new potato tendril removal blade of harvesting retains 1 li
Rice petiole long, is cut by every two one section of sections, every 300 sections of bundles a bundle, is planted in greenhouse ground or in the double shed ground of three films, is irrigated
Water, depth is advisable with 5 cms, and budlet is sprouted in potato rattan section top within 7-10 days, and bottom is sprouted certain root system, that is, is bred as
For effective seedling can transplant crop field.
Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique and notes main points：
(1) food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan nursery and only applies within preferably continuous 3 years, continue to exceed then occur within 3 years it is edible
Type sweet potato kind sexual involution is serious, thus this technology be 3 years be a cycle, i.e., in the 3rd year, in storage garden or to expand and move garden
In in the fruit potato that produces, make potato seed without hindering fruit potato from the disease-free of typical proterties is met by the food sweet potato breediness, and
When open country carry out potato seed nursery and carry out cuttage plantation one evening in season sweet potato of production, then repeat by potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings.Often
3 years a cycles, it can be ensured that the kind of food sweet potato is not degenerated and high and stable yield.
(2) food sweet potato gently simplify potato root rattan nursery have make full use of space, the features such as nursery amount is big, and just at last
Potato root rattan storage garden original position nursery, the fruit potato of the certain yield of early harvest can be also robbed to spring, because market early stage price it is good so that
Obtain preferable economic benefit.Gently simplify the garden original position nursery of potato root rattan storage, greenhouse or the film of lee side field three using edible-type
The temperature of double sheds should be controlled between 5-25 DEG C, unsuitable too high or too low, temperature is too high preferably open a window or scaffold dismantling it is aeration-cooling, one
As every square metre can cultivate 800-1000 plants of sweet potato seedling, food sweet potato Production of Large Fields mu planting density is 4000-4500 plants.
(3) food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan nursery the characteristics of have less investment, manageability, low cost, can not only make
Discarded potato root rattan is turned waste into wealth, and can save a large amount of edible-type fruit potatos for making potato seed, and exempts potato seed storage link
Services dispatch and the rotten loss stored sth. in a cellar of potato seed, with significant economic benefit, be particularly suitable for single peasant household and be easily mastered simultaneously
It is freely independently family to practice.
The food sweet potato that the present invention is provided gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, and on the one hand this seedling-raising technique takes full advantage of
Discarded object potato root rattan carries out nursery, saves potato seed, improves sweet potato commodity rate and Economic returns, eliminates edible-type potato seed storage
Easy rotten kind of problem, accelerates the effective nursery of sweet potato, decreases food sweet potato potato seed storage breeding services dispatch, saves
Sweet potato production cost, alleviates sweet potato nursery labour intensity, has reached sweet potato nursery and has gently simplified effect, makes vast single peasant
Freer autonomous grasp sweet potato nursery fast breeding technique, increasing both production and income.On the other hand, this seedling-raising technique answers right Tibetan grain to hide grain in skill
In the development strategy demand on ground, a kind of light simplified sweet potato nursery that single peasant can be made easily independently to grasp application newly side is increased
Method, can effectively solve the problems, such as that the difficult spring nursery of food sweet potato potato seed winter storage is difficult, and promoting peasant can be freely voluntary
The subjective initiative of food sweet potato is planted, food sweet potato production development is promoted, living standard now is met well
The people for increasingly the improving demand various to food in abundance.
Specific embodiment
It is described in conjunction with the embodiments the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1st, food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique potato root rattan winter storage
(1) potato root rattan storage pre-treatment：After autumn food sweet potato is harvested, in the crop field food sweet potato that Jiangxi Province is outdoor
General that fruit potato was harvested before late October to November early and middle ten dayses, i.e. frost arrive, selection free of frost, disease-free, mechanical are damaged
The healthy and strong potato root rattan of wound, the tendril on root rattan top respectively stays 3 sections upwards from root, removes blade, retains 1 centimetre of petiole stand-by.One
As the big field potato root rattan of food sweet potato have 4000-4500 plants, the part potato rattan root that removal disease pest frost damage harvest machinery is damaged,
At least potato root rattan can be selected at 3000-3500 plants by mu.
(2) potato root rattan storage measures：According to the coming year crop field food sweet potato production required for breeding station amount number, select
Suitable sweet potato nursery place stores garden as potato root, can be that the double sheds of three films are taken in the field of greenhouse or lee side, with the
A collection of effective seedling is criterion calculation, and the coming year produces crop field and is about 150 with the area ratio in storage garden：Mu crop field of 1, i.e., one eats
The storage garden area of seedling only needs 4-5 square metre needed for the production of type sweet potato.The spacing in the rows such as flat furrow wide-and narrow-row are taken out in greenhouse
Plantation, i.e., narrow row away from 30 centimetres, away from 50 centimetres, planted wide row by 18 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and general every square metre is planted 20 plants, is survived the winter
Period keeps ground temperature in greenhouse to be not less than 5 DEG C.The double sheds of the film of leeward field three, the same greenhouse production of method, it is to cover that institute is increased
Upper trilamellar membrane, one is the tunic of lid one that is close to the ground, and two is to rise 40-60 centimetres of Small plastic shed epiphragma, and three is to rise 160-180 lis
The big arch shed epiphragma of rice.
2nd, food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique potato root rattan nursery：
The garden original position nursery of potato root rattan storage：Climate temperature gos up after the Spring Equinox in the coming year after surviving the winter, by taking Jiangxi as an example 3 below the moon
In ten days, after the tendril germination on sweet potato root rattan, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 3-4 healthy and strong rudiment, spraying concentration is not higher than 5% urea liquid
Seedling is urged, then (the double sheds of the film of leeward field three are just sweet according to the traction of big arch shed skeleton tether in the top of about 1.6 meters of warm flooring
The new tendril of potato), the seeding row spacing planted by sweet potato root rattan draws the iron wire of No. 14-16, and plastic ties are tied up on iron wire, one of rope
Tie up on iron wire, other end is tied up on sweet potato root rattan, a rudiment piece rope of correspondence, so as to the new rattan after sweet potato root rattan germinates
Climing being climbed upwards along rope is prolonged, and the sweet potato vine for newly sending manually winds on rope, is wound 1 time within general 3-4 days, treats sweet potato
New long to about 2 meters of tendril is long, and away from field-transplanting also have 7-10 days when, you can the new potato rattan of harvesting makees seedling, keeps warm during this
Indoor ground temperature is not less than 10 DEG C.
After harvesting first new potato tendril, the urea liquid that timely spraying concentration is not higher than 5% facilitates second batch kind for 1-2 times
Seedling.The new potato tendril removal blade of harvesting, retains the petiole of 1 centimeter length, is cut by every two one section of sections, and every 300 sections of bundles a bundle is planted
In in greenhouse ground or in the double shed ground of three films, pour permeable, depth is advisable with 5 cms.Potato rattan section top sprouts within 7-10 days
Certain root system is sprouted in budlet, bottom, that is, be bred as that for effective seedling crop field can be transplanted, and ground temperature is not low in holding greenhouse during this
In 15 DEG C.
Nursery in situ is good because of facility condition, although the light physical services dispatch required for the new potato tendril of traction is reached the standard grade is some more,
But nursery hair seedling in potato root rattan original position is early emerged, fast planting percent is high, and takes full advantage of space.
Embodiment 2
During 2 food sweet potatos gently simplify potato root rattan seedling-raising technique potato root rattan nursery the step of above-described embodiment 1, can be with
Using following methods：
Potato root rattan stores garden dystopy nursery：Climate temperature gos up after the Spring Equinox in the coming year after surviving the winter, by taking Jiangxi as an example 3 below the moon
Ten days, temperature stabilization more than 10 DEG C, after the germination of tendril on sweet potato root rattan, you can choose nursery by 2 times of storage garden area and expand
Garden is moved, the potato root rattan of rudiment, line-spacing are transplanted by normal food sweet potato production cultivation standard requirement site preparation basal dressing making ridge
50-60 centimetres, 28-33 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the standard of 4000-4500 plants of nearly mu density carries out rudiment potato root rattan and expands shifting.Garden will be stored
2/3 rudiment potato root rattan move into, storage garden retain 1/3 rudiment potato root rattan.Between move after the potato root rattan nursery of storage garden can save
Between remove potato root rattan rudiment operation, the traction operation of the new tendril of sweet potato need not be also carried out by iron wire rope.The expansion of nursery moves garden bar
The available black film mulching of part, both can controlling weeds, the favourable later stage food sweet potato root tuber of ridge soil loosening can be kept to expand again,
The promotion rudiment potato root new tendril of rattan early growth and quick tiller can also be heated and make seedling.Storage garden and expansion move garden can be optionally in seedling raising process
The urea liquid that multiple spraying concentration is not higher than 5% urges seedling.
After the new tendril of sweet potato is longer, when also having 7-10 days away from field-transplanting, you can the new potato rattan of harvesting makees seedling, harvests
After first new potato tendril, the urea liquid that timely spraying concentration is not higher than 5% facilitates second batch seedling for 1-2 times.What is harvested is new
Potato tendril removes blade, retains the petiole of 1 centimeter length, is cut by every two one section of sections, every 300 sections of bundles a bundle, plants in greenhouse ground
Or three in the double shed ground of film, pour permeable, depth is advisable with 5 cms, and budlet is sprouted in potato rattan section top within 7-10 days, and bottom is sprouted
Certain root system is sent, that is, is bred as that for effective seedling crop field can be transplanted.
Dystopy nursery is not enough because heating condition, and nursery quantity is relative less and nursery speed is relatively slow, but relative will to save
Services dispatch, and nursery expansion shifting garden can the large number of edible-type fruit potato listing preferable economic benefit of acquisition of more early harvest.
This new method for raising seedling accelerates the effective seedling of sweet potato, ensured food sweet potato production rob early go public it is profitable needed for
The active demand of enough seedlings.In Second Year spring grow seedling link, this technology storage garden due to potato root rattan nursery fully profit
Space and facility condition, it is not necessary to move again, climate temperature to go up and send out seedling by direct rudiment, and planting potato wedges nursery needs movement
To seedbed, under homoclime temperature conditionss and measure, its rudiment hair seedling speed at least takes slow 15-20 days, cultivates equal number
Effective seedling potato root rattan nursery of amount will do sth. in advance 15-25 days than kind of a potato wedges nursery, be specifically shown in table 1 below.
The rudiment of the different method for culturing seedlings of table 1 and the seedling situation table of comparisons
The material and facilities that food sweet potato gently simplifies required for potato root rattan seedling-raising technique completes whole process are selected,
Mainly potato root rattan, greenhouse or three films double shed, iron wire, plastic ties, black film, fertilizer etc., be peasant often have at one's side it is common simultaneously
Can easily purchase or rent what is obtained, so this new method for raising seedling can be grasped easily and application by peasant：This technology
Required storage condition facility of surviving the winter is warmhouse booth or lee side field and the double sheds of three film as storage garden, storage garden area
It is not necessary to very greatly, i.e., the cultivation storage garden area of first batch seedling only needs to 5-6 square metres needed for every mu crop field sweet potato production.Such as
Fruit needs long-term plantation food sweet potato and thinks once and for all, and single peasant can be with investment construction warmhouse booth and short-term lease
Warmhouse booth, plants food sweet potato and fund is not very abundant in short term, and single peasant can choose lee side's field construction
The double sheds of three film, the double shed technologies of three film are by ordinary populace is grasped and Facilities Construction input is little, and single peasant is complete
Independently voluntarily can independently bear to carry out.Therefore this technology is easily grasped by peasant and applied, and is particularly suitable for the small of farmers' family's formula
Scale is implemented.
3 years application cycles that food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique propose.Through experimental study for many years, as a result
It is that food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan nursery only application in preferably continuous 3 years, continues to exceed 3 years and food sweet potato kind then occurs
Degenerate serious, thus this technology be 3 years be a cycle, i.e., in the 3rd year, in storage garden or to expand the fruit for moving and being produced in garden
In potato, potato seed is made without hindering fruit potato from the disease-free of typical proterties is met by the food sweet potato breediness, timely open country is carried out
Potato seed nursery simultaneously carries out cuttage plantation one evening in season sweet potato of production, then repeat by potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings.Every 3 year week
Phase, it can be ensured that the kind of food sweet potato is not degenerated and high and stable yield.
Food sweet potato requirement quality and flavor is good, and sugar content is high, outward appearance commodity is good, and especially edible-type eats fruit raw
Type sweet potato, it is desirable to which water content is high, mouthfeel is crisp and refreshing.With No. 2 (Jiangxi of potato, drinkable water fruit type sweet potato Jiangxi of Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil's seed selection
Recognize sweet potato 2010002) for material of participating in the experiment has carried out potato root rattan nursery contrast test, 3 years experiment main result such as table 2 below：Continue
Potato root rattan nursery in 3 years, Jiangxi potato 2 economical character, yield and quality are presented downward trend, the Jiangxi potato 2 in First Year
, slightly better than kind of a potato wedges seedling-raising technique treatment, the Jiangxi potato 2 in second is then for economical character, yield and quality potato root rattan nursery treatment
Two each characteristic indexs for the treatment of are close equal, by the 3rd year in the whole wraparounds of two kinds of each characteristic index of Jiangxi potato 2 treatment, it is but poor
Different is not very big, therefore can be drawn a conclusion, in " 3 years " cycle that potato root rattan seedling-raising technique is used, potato root rattan nursery
Its product Other Main Agronomic Characters, yield and quality are produced with kind of a sweet potato for potato wedges nursery to be not significantly different from, what this technology was cultivated
Seedling can make food sweet potato stable yield high yield high-quality.
The food sweet potato economical character and yield and quality situation of the different method for culturing seedlings of table 2
Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique and make use of discarded object potato root rattan increase sweet potato productivity effect：
Potato root rattan refers to the fibrous root and Chai Gen and the nearly aerial part stem rattan mixing section mutually ined succession of sweet potato under ground portion.It is sweet
It refers to that results root tuber makees fruit potato and tendril makees feed (directly making greenfeed or feed manufacturing source), in general, potato root that potato is harvested
Rattan is the discarded object after sweet potato rewarding, because there is under ground portion to be stained with soil, does not make fruit potato and eats and processing and utilization, is also made not
Feed with and feed manufacturing source, paddy planting can also root stubble return field and macerate rotten as organic fertilizer, in nonirrigated farmland, plantation is then artificial
Remove with sharp succession crop insemination and emergence.Discarded object potato root rattan is turned waste into wealth plus is reserved seed for planting as sweet potato nursery and filled by this technology
Divide and utilize, while save to be reserved seed for planting as sweet potato nursery using fruit potato originally.Through investigation, using potato wedges nursery, first is effective
Seedling meets one mu of sweet potato field planting, it is necessary to 30-40 kilograms of potato seed, and food sweet potato is because dry matter content is relatively low
And rotten kind of rate of storage is big, at least needs 50 kilograms of fruit potatos to make potato seed.But edible-type fruit potato generally the market price is preferable
(using starch type sweet potato as control), so this technology application can directly increase food sweet potato productivity effect.Refer to down
Table 3.
The food sweet potato of table 3 gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique and directly increases economic benefit situation list
Note：The fruit potato market price be by the sweet potato market of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province in 2016 occur price 1.6-2.0 unit/kilogram
Calculate.
Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique and eliminates the potato seed winter storage acceleration effective seedling of sweet potato：
Compared with the storage potato seed of traditional seedling-raising technique germplasm materials, the storage germplasm materials of surviving the winter of this technology are plantation sweet potatoes
Root rattan, will not rotten kind, eliminate storage sweet potato root tuber link and evaded food sweet potato potato seed and store the rotten kind of big problem of rate,
Refer to table 4 below.Potato root rattan treatment required for meeting same area plant seedling is carried and also selects carrying easily more than kind of a potato wedges
Simply, operation link is simplified, services dispatch is reduced, labour intensity is reduced, light simplified effect is obvious.Meanwhile, second
Year spring grow seedling link, the space in storage garden and facility condition due to potato root rattan nursery fully profit, without movement, climate temperature
Is gone up and seedling is sent out in direct rudiment, and planting potato wedges nursery needs to move to seedbed, under homoclime temperature conditionss and measure, it is sprouted
Bud hair seedling speed at least takes slow 15-20 days, and the effective seedling potato root rattan nursery for cultivating equivalent amount will be carried than kind of a potato wedges nursery
Early 15-25 days.
Survive the winter storage carrier and the rotten kind of situation table of the different method for culturing seedlings of table 4
Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan seedling-raising technique and gently simplifies easily as peasant grasps application：
Compared with storage kind potato wedges tradition seedling-raising technique, facilities required for this technology are warmhouse booth or lee side field
The double sheds of three film of ground substitute cellar, there is warmhouse booth condition, the self-built or rental being just as, and the double shed technologies of three film have been
Masses grasp and have Facilities Construction the charge is small, and fund input is not above building cellar, single peasant household be fully able to independence oneself
Main development.Facility condition situation see the table below 5.
Facility condition situation table needed for the different food sweet potato seedling-raising technique of table 5
Compared with the greenhouse virus-elimination seedlingses Cultivating techniques, warmhouse booth condition is the same, but detoxification tissue culture room builds
Vertical and technical key point is not rising of can paying of each peasant and palm is held lives, and greenhouse virus-elimination seedlingses Cultivating techniques can only
Application is grasped by full-time company or the cooperative society for having certain economic strength, single peasant may only purchase sweet potato sprout to company, but
The food sweet potato variety adoption of plant does not have complete independence, can only the company's of planting kind to be provided.
Claims (6)
1. food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that including procedure below：
From free of frost, disease-free, the healthy and strong potato root rattan that has no mechanical damage；The tendril on potato root rattan top respectively stays 3 upwards from root
Section；Blade is removed, retains 1 centimetre of petiole；Transplant to storage garden and survive the winter；
Storage garden potato root rattan wide-narrow row planting, away from 30 centimetres, wide row is away from 50 centimetres, 18 centimetres of spacing in the rows, every square metre of plantation for narrow row
20 plants；Temperature during being survived the winter in storage garden is not less than 5 DEG C；
New potato rattan is harvested after tendril germination on potato root rattan, when also having 7-10 days away from field-transplanting make seedling, holding during this
Ground temperature is not less than 10 DEG C in greenhouse；
Seedling is pre-processed, the new potato tendril removal blade of harvesting, retains the petiole of 1 centimeter length, is cut by every two one section of sections, often
300 sections of bundle a bundles, plant in greenhouse ground or in the double shed ground of three films, pour permeable, 5 centimetres of depth；Potato rattan section top is sprouted within 7-10 days
Budlet is sent, certain root system is sprouted in bottom, that is, be bred as that for effective seedling production crop field can be transplanted, during this in holding greenhouse
Ground temperature is not less than 15 DEG C.
2. food sweet potato according to claim 1 gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that described storage
Garden is in greenhouse ground or in the double shed ground of the film of leeward field three.
3. food sweet potato according to claim 1 gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that described production
The area ratio in crop field and storage garden is 150:1.
4. food sweet potato according to claim 1 gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that described potato root
After tendril germination on rattan, also including following processing procedure, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 3-4 healthy and strong rudiment, then lead seedling restocking, treat sweet
Long to 2 meters of the new tendril of potato, in 1.6 meters of the top in warm flooring, the double sheds of the film of leeward field three lead according to big arch shed skeleton tether
Draw the new tendril of sweet potato, new tendril restocking after the rattan germination of traction sweet potato root is harvested new when then also having 7-10 days away from field-transplanting
Potato rattan makees seedling.
5. food sweet potato according to claim 1 gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that described potato root
After tendril germination on rattan, also including following processing procedure, choose nursery by 2 times of storage garden area and expand shifting garden, by positive often to eat
The potato root rattan that cultivation standard requirement site preparation basal dressing making ridge transplants rudiment, 50-60 centimetres of line-spacing, spacing in the rows are produced with type sweet potato
28-33 centimetres, the standard that 4000-4500 plants of mu density carries out rudiment potato root rattan and expands shifting；Then also have 7-10 days away from field-transplanting
When the new potato rattan of harvesting make seedling.
6. the food sweet potato according to claim 1 to 5 gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that described
Potato root rattan refers to the fibrous root and Chai Gen and the nearly aerial part rattan mixing section mutually ined succession of sweet potato under ground portion.
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| CN114586623A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-07 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Annual breeding and supplying method for plateau sweet potato seedlings |
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