CN101036446B - Quick propagating method of megranate - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a guava quick propagation method which comprise the following steps: selecting daylight booth or green house of 70% transmittance, dipping cutting in rootage agent and inserting it to medium, keeping indoor relative humidity at 85%-100%, temperature at 25-40 degree, keeping indoor temperature at 25-35 degree after rooting, relative humidity at 75-85%, transplanting the cutting outside of green house for cultivation after the lateral root occur. The propagation rate is quick, rootage rate and transplanting survival rate is high in the present inventive method.

Description

Quick propagating method of megranate

Technical field

The invention belongs to the breeding plant technical field, relate to a kind of pomegranate propagation method.

Background technology

China pomegranate produces for many years slower development always at present, its main cause is that the breeding popularity rate of China pomegranate main producing region is low, most of production garden is decades ago old kind still, these old deterioration of variety are serious, the dehiscent fruit phenomenon is serious when ripe, exist seed nuclear hard, grain is little, and is can real rate low, appearance poor, problems such as sugar content is low, so the scientific worker carries out the breeding research of pomegranate breeding always, cuttage is adopted in the vegetative propagation of pomegranate breeding usually, grafting, methods such as press strip, these methods not only reproduction speed are slow, and the breeding survival rate that has is very low, and the kind bar is few again, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of a large amount of and fast breeding; Another is to adopt plant tissue culture technique, but one-time investment is big, cost is high, technical step is numerous and diverse, test-tube plantlet is weak, survival rate is low because Plant Tissue Breeding exists, promote shortcomings such as difficulty is big, the productivity that this technology forms in practice is produced is also quite limited, so far, this technology also mainly rests in the laboratory scope.

In recent years, plant propagation comparatively advanced person's the full exposure spraying Cultivation Techniques of Softwood Cutting that adopt more, this technology is meant under full sun conditions, utilize the spray of plant semi-lignified to make plugged ear, and take automatic intermittent spraying equipment, carry out scale breeding, advantages such as it has that cuttage rooting is fast, growing-seedling period is short and fringe bar source is abundant, but there are a lot of shortcomings in full exposure spraying cuttage: the one, and cuttage is to finish under in the open the condition, be difficult to accurate quantitatively controlled humidity and temperature, thus the growth that influence is taken root and transplanted a cutting; The 2nd, the general employing of full exposure spraying cuttage is carried out cuttage as the seedbed on the ground, and cutting medium is a soil, and gas permeability is bad, and the soil continuous cropping causes the spray of cuttage to rot easily, and has a strong impact on the rooting rate of cuttage; And the cuttage seeding transplanting survival rate after the cuttage is lower; The 3rd, the full exposure cuttage is the method for cuttage in summer, is subjected to the restriction of conditions such as season, weather, and reproduction coefficient is lower, and can only breed 1～2 general every year; The 4th, to cross under strong sunshine and the consequent high temperature in summer, the cuttage spray is subjected to day an injury of burning easily, and dehydration and withering has hindered taking root of plugged ear again.

Summary of the invention

A kind of reproduction speed is fast, rooting rate is high, reproduction coefficient is high, the quick propagating method of megranate of the high scale breeding of transplanting survival rate but the purpose of this invention is to provide.

The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by the following technical solutions: a kind of quick propagating method of megranate may further comprise the steps:

(1), select the sight greenhouse or the plastic tunnel of temperature and humidity control for use, cover the sunshade net of light transmittance 70% on the canopy, set up seedling dish or cave disc carrier in the canopy, and sprayer unit be set;

(2), matrix selects perlite, vermiculite, Da Sha for use, mixes seedling dish or the cave dish of packing in the ratio of 1: 0.5～2: 0.5～2 (volumes);

(3), clip stays the band blade spray of 2～3 buds from the maternal plant, is cut into the long cutting of 5～10cm, it is that the root-growing agent of 500mg/L～2000mg/L soaked 20～40 seconds that concentration is put in the branch bottom, then in the insertion dish; Root-growing agent mainly is made up of following parts by weight raw material: 80～120 parts of indolebutyric acids, 5～15 parts of inositols, Vc1～2 part;

(4), seedling dish after inserting or cave dish are put on the support, first water irrigates, and begins spraying then, relative moisture remains on 90%～100% in the canopy, temperature remains on 30～40 ℃, and matrix is controlled at 25～30 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, and seedling dish or cave dish spray bactericidal agent;

(5), the back temperature of shed of taking root remains 25～35 ℃, matrix is controlled at 20～25 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, relative moisture is 75～80%, sprays bactericidal agent and fertilising;

(6), behind lateral root growth, it is off the net that seedling dish or cave dish is shifted out the outer sunshade of canopy, transplants a cutting and plant continued growth in the nutritive cube, when the seedling root system grows square root, just can move back alms bowl and be transplanted into the land for growing field crops.

Quick propagating method of megranate preferably includes following steps:

(1), select the greenhouse by solar heat or the plastic tunnel of temperature and humidity control for use, cover the sunshade net of light transmittance 70% on the canopy, sets up support apart from ground 10～40cm in the canopy, seedling dish or cave dish is set on the support, highly locate to be provided with sprayer unit apart from seedling dish or cave dish 80～120cm;

(2), perlite, vermiculite, Da Sha are mixed seedling dish or the cave dish of packing in the ratio of 1: 1: 1 (volume);

(3), clip stays the band blade spray of 2～3 buds from the maternal plant, be cut into contain 2～3 internodes, 2 length with blade are the cutting of 5～10cm, last clip is flat mouth with following clip; Pluck two leaves of foot, it is that the root-growing agent of 500mg/L～2000mg/L soaked 30 seconds that the concentration for preparing is put in the branch bottom 1/3 that shears, in the cutting handled well the seeding row spacing insertion dish about by 5～8cm;

(4), seedling dish after inserting or cave dish are moved on the support, seedling dish or cave dish are irrigated, open the sprayer unit spraying then; Relative moisture remains on 90%～100% in the canopy, and temperature remains on 30～40 ℃, and matrix is controlled at 25～30 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, and the seedling dish of newly inserting is sprayed one time with bactericidal agent, sprays a bactericidal agent until taking root in per then 5～7 days;

(5), take root the back temperature of shed remain 25～35 ℃, matrix is controlled at 20～25 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, relative moisture is 75～80%, per 5～7 days the spray bactericidal agent; Took root back per 7～10 days, and sprayed fertilizer one time;

(6), when behind the lateral root growth or when seeing that root has stretched out seedling dish or cave dish, with seedling dish or cave dish shift out the outer sunshade of canopy off the net plant water in the nutritive cube permeable, to spray water later on and preserve moisture, when the seedling root system grows square root, just can move back alms bowl and be transplanted into the land for growing field crops, to use sufficient base fertilizer before planting, will water permeablely after planting, often topdress, weeding and spray leaf fertilizer.

The present invention has overcome existing Plant Tissue Breeding, normal cutting propagation is grown seedlings and the shortcoming of full optical haze cuttage technique, it is few to have the explant consumption, expand that numerous cost is low, reproduction speed is fast, transplanting and the high advantage of planting survival rates, the plant root prosperity, breed and began to take root in 7 days, root was long more than 6 centimetres in 20 days, and radical is at 3～6; The regrowth stalwartness, the stem height can reach 30～70 centimetres in 30 days, and the morning of yielding positive results, offspring do not have variation.The present invention carries out breeding of pomegranate sapling in the greenhouse by solar heat of temperature and humidity control or plastic tunnel, be stamped light transmittance on the canopy and be 70% sunshade net, heat and moisture preserving is effective, can guarantee that pomegranate breeds needs the high humidity hot environment, and under the low situation of temperature, numerous seedling of can heating, 70% light transmittance had both guaranteed sufficient illumination, impel the spray cuttage rooting, avoided strong sunshine and consequent high temperature withered again the injury and the dehydration of burning plugged ear day; The present invention adopts the seedling-cultivating method of seedling disc type, and the seedling dish is placed on the support, and usefulness is gas permeability matrix preferably, has increased the gas permeability in seedbed, makes cuttage rooting not perishable, and the sterilization of matrix changes easilier, and easily and thoroughly, the seedling dish can reuse; Practice seedling and carrying substrates transplant and root with the seedling dish, therefore transplanting and planting survival rates are all high; Another advantage of the present invention is, increased reproduction coefficient, at least can breed 7 times in 1 year, 1 strain maternal plant year bred to 420 strains, was 70 times of open country cuttage and seedling culture, because reproduction coefficient height, year breeds often, and matrix and seedling-cultivating tray are reusable, add batch production pipelining saving of work and time work efficiency height, so every strain cost of per 100,000 strain fast propagating seedlings is 0.096 yuan, and 1.22 yuan of every strain costs of conventional seedling; On the other hand, the present invention carries out in the canopy that sunlight, water smoke are arranged, has the suitable environmental condition of taking root, cuttage rooting is many, be with alms bowl to move into the field planting survival rates then and reach more than 95%, and can build the garden throughout the year up to 100% so seedling is transplanted in the compost alms bowl of certain proportioning survival rate, improved pomegranate breeding popularity rate and speed, spreading speed can improve 70 times.

Embodiment

Embodiment, 1, test site: the present invention is chosen in the temperature control canopy and carries out, the temperature control canopy is the wet booth of full-automatic temperature-controlling control, the vacuum double film, with Central Heating Providing system and light filling system, cover the sunshade net of 70% light transmittance on the film, control group is full exposure, the booth that covers 30% light transmittance sunshade net.

For trying material: the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia, the big seed pomegranate in Henan, the black seed pomegranate of middle peasant.Wherein soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia and Henan big seed pomegranate kind bar pick up from the bearing-age tree in high and Liu Xue woods orchard among Mang township Liu Gou village Liu of Yingyang City, Henan Province north, the age of tree is life in 6 years, robust growth, the fruit properties performance is stable, and result quantities is big, 2～3 meters of the height of trees, hat 1.5～2 meters, 2 meters * 3 meters of seeding row spacings, elongated spindle and evacuate layering shape, per mu yield is more than 2000 kilograms, no biennial fruiting phenomenon.The black seed kind bar of middle peasant picks up from examination garden, dry fruit seminar of Zhengzhou Fruit-tree Inst., Chinese Agriculture Science Academy pomegranate new varieties district.Select at random tree crown size, growth potential, flowers and fruits amount basically identical for the test tree, adopt bar.

Plugged ear is gathered and is handled: clip current-year branch from the elite stand in soft seed pomegranate garden, above-mentioned Tunisia, be cut into the plugged ear of 5～10cm, and the plugged ear upper blade keeps complete, lower blade is removed, and all is up and down flat mouthful, and end opening will be near joint, 50 strain a bundles are handled through root-growing agent, insert the seedling dish.

The preparation of seedling dish, matrix, root-growing agent: the seedling disk base material is prepared (1) perlite respectively, (2) vermiculite, and (3) river sand, the mixed-matrix of (4) perlite+vermiculite+river sand is totally four kinds of matrix.Perlite wherein: vermiculite: river sand is 1: 1: 1 by volume, 1: 0.5: 0.5,1: 2: 2,1: 4: 4 four kinds of ratios respectively.

The seedling dish is 50 holes, and length and width 50 * 30cm with 0.5% potassium permanganate sterilization 2 hours, waters with clear water during cuttage again and washes before the cuttage.

Root-growing agent: root-growing agent of the present invention is selected the raw material of following parts by weight for use: after 100 parts of indolebutyric acids, 10 parts of inositols, Vc1 part, above-mentioned raw materials are fully dissolved with a spot of alcohol, and dilute with water again; What control group was selected for use is ABT root-inducing powder, the clear water that the Chinese Academy of Forestry produces, the ABT root-inducing powder is the difficult plant root-growing agent commonly used of taking root at present, and wherein ABT1 need convert the water dilution again with alcohol dissolving earlier, and the ABT6 root-inducing powder is water miscible, directly converts the water dilution and gets final product.

The seedbed arrangement: will flatten in the canopy, about base angle 60cm, whole furrow are made the seedbed of wide 1.2m before canopy, and the centre stays 50～60cm to do the passageway; Liftoff 10～40cm builds a framework; Spray pipe and shower nozzle are installed, and shower nozzle is high 0.8～1.2m apart from the seedbed.

2, cuttage:

Stay the spray of 2～3 bud clip band blades from maternal plant, put into the container that fills clear water, transfer to the operating space and be cut into the long cutting of 5～10cm, last clip is with following clip and puts down mouth; Pluck two leaves of foot.This cutting contains 2 to 3 internodes, 3 more than the blade, and the bottom clip is near about internode 0.5cm.

The root-growing agent for preparing is put in the branch bottom about 1/3 that shears to be soaked; Root-growing agent concentration and processing time: every kind of root-growing agent concentration of treatment is respectively 500mg/L, 1000mg/L, 1500mg/L; The plugged ear processing time was respectively 30 seconds, 0.5 hour, 1 hour.

Pack into cave dish of the matrix that will mix earlier, the cave disc thickness is 5～6cm, if the seedling dish of atresia then its thickness be 6～8cm; The cutting that to handle well is by spacing in the rows 4cm then, line-spacing 6cm cuttage, and every dish 40～50 strains are pinched matrix and plugged ear once with hand after inserting, and in time water once permeable.

Seedling dish after inserting is placed on the support, the seedling dish is irrigated, begin spraying then with spray gun; Relative moisture remains on 50～60%, 70～80%, 90～100% 3 different class respectively in the canopy, temperature remains on 25 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃ three different class, the seedling dish that to newly insert with watering can in every afternoon sprays one time with bactericidal agent, bactericidal agent is selected 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim for use, spray 800 times of liquid of bactericidal agent 50% carbendazim in per 5～7 days after taking root, spray one time 3 ‰ urea.

Cutting grows square root or root stretches out Miao Panshi, preprepared clay and the fertilizer ratio in 1: 1 is mixed, and the nutritive cube of packing into, it is off the net that the seedling dish is shifted out the outer sunshade of canopy, plants in the nutritive cube, waters permeable; Often water spray is preserved moisture.

Seedling root system in the nutritive cube grows square root, seedling is moved back alms bowl be transplanted into the land for growing field crops, uses sufficient base fertilizer before planting, and will water permeablely after planting, and often topdresses, weeding and spray leaf fertilizer.

The rooting rate situation of table 1 full exposure and 30%, illumination cuttage technique under different temperatures, humidity of 70%

Annotate: cuttage on June 20, investigation on July 25 rooting rate.

From table 1 rooting rate analytical table as can be seen: 1. from the result is taken root in 9 sub-districts of 9 treatment combinations, can see the rooting rate the highest (99.8%) of the 6th treatment combination.This treatment combination is a temperature more than 25 ℃ below 40 ℃, and humidity is 90～100%, 70% illumination.

2. in 4 factors for examination, with temperature the treatment combination rooting rate is had the greatest impact, humidity is taken second place, and illumination is taken second place again, and the kind influence is minimum.

3. in 4 factors, the rooting rate of the black seed of big seed in Henan and middle peasant is the highest; Temperature factor is with the highest less than 40 ℃ rooting rate; Humidity factor is then the highest with 90%～100%; The illumination factor is the highest with the rooting rate of 70% illumination.So the suitable environment condition of pomegranate epicormic branch cuttage is high temperature (more than 25 ℃, below 40 ℃), high humidity 90%～100%, 70% illumination.

Table 2 pomegranate is with the kind spray plugged ear speed (handling 30 seconds) of taking root in different chemicals treatment different substrates

As can be seen from Table 2, the root-growing agent type has the greatest impact to the speed of taking root, and matrix type and root-growing agent concentration are taken second place to the speed influence of taking root.With root-growing agent 1000mg/L of the present invention at perlite: vermiculite: river sand=1: 1: 1 take root in the matrix the fastest (6 days).

The influence that table 3 different substrates is taken root to Tunisia soft seed pomegranate epicormic branch cuttage

The ※ chemicals treatment plugged ear time is 30s, cuttage on June 10, investigation on July 10.

Annotate: the identical lowercase in numeral back is represented there was no significant difference, the newly multiple differential method check of Duncan, p=0.05

As can be seen from Table 3, at first, it is the highest to handle plugged ear rooting rate in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning is 1: 1: 1) matrix with the root-growing agent of the present invention of 1000mg/L～2000mg/L, reaches 100%; Next is that rooting rate can reach more than 87.5% in river sand matrix.(1500mg/L～2000mg/L) rooting rate also reaches 100% to the root-growing agent of the present invention of high concentration in perlite.The rooting rate that except that 500mg/L, 1000mg/L handle all root-growing agents of the present invention are handled is apparently higher than contrast, and is remarkable with contrast difference.And the ABT1 root-growing agent that the Chinese Academy of Forestry produces, rooting rate is than other matrix height in river sand in 500～1500mg/L processing, and rooting rate is more than 87.5%; 2000mg/L processing rooting rate in river sand matrix has only 37.5%; Next is that 500～1500mg/L rooting rate in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning is 1: 1: 1) matrix is higher, and rooting rate is more than 75%, and is remarkable with contrast difference.But it is all in all, in for four kinds of matrix of examination and two kinds of root-growing agents, higher with root-growing agent of the present invention rooting rate in different matrix.

On average take root several result of the tests as can be seen from every fringe: four kinds of matrix, the root-growing agent of the present invention quantity of on average taking root in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning is 1: 1: 1) mixed-matrix is maximum, reaches more than 20; The number of on average taking root in river sand reaches more than 17.9, and several relative mistakes of taking root in perlite are a little.And the ABT1 root-growing agent is on average taken root number at most in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning is 1: 1: 1) mixed-matrix, reach more than 7.3, next be in river sand and vermiculite matrix, take root the number more, control treatment also is to take root number at most in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning is 1: 1: 1) mixed-matrix, reaches 8.8.

Find out that from table 3 result of the test the longest root length of on average growing is done the shortest of matrix with perlite, other each matrix difference is not too big, and the effect trend that two kinds of root-growing agents are handled is identical.And the longest root growth in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning is 1: 1: 1) mixed-matrix is the longest as can be seen in the contrast.

Fast numerous method breeding progression of watch 4 pomegranate optical hazes and coefficient table

※ is because pomegranate has repeatedly branch, and after the seedling length to 4 month, branch can be used as plugged ear again, just can further expand numerous.

From table 4 result of the test as can be seen, can increase reproduction coefficient with the comparison of conventional open country cuttage and seedling culture.Propagation method of the present invention can be bred 7 times in 1 year at least, and conventional open country cuttage and seedling culture can only be bred 1 time in 1 year.The former bred to 420 strains in 1 strain maternal plant year, and the latter 1 strain maternal plant can only breed to 6 strains, and the former is 70 times of the latter.Be that propagation method of the present invention has improved reproduction coefficient greatly, can effectively increase the breeding reproduction rate.

Table 5 fast propagating seedling of the present invention and open country cuttage seeding cost are relatively

Annotate: experimental cultivar is the soft seed in Tunisia, 6 yuan/strain of open country cuttage seeding unit price.

From table 5 presentation of results, quick-breeding method of the present invention improved greatly pomegranate reproduction coefficient, reduced production cost, compare with cuttage, use the inventive method can increase by 420 times of year reproduction coefficient, reduced production cost.

The present invention breeds 100,000 young plants soon needs 238 strain maternal plant * 6 yuan/7 * 1.9 yuan+artificial 200 workers * 15 of dish 4000 bags of ÷ of 100,000 * 0.02 yuan+matrix of * 3 yuan/dish+nutritive cube, strain+41 yuan/day=9576.43 yuan, 0.096 yuan of promptly every strain;

Conventional open country is inserted 100,000 young plants needs maternal plant 20000 strains, 6 yuan of every strains, and 2000 yuan of booth depreciation charges for water and electricity amount to 120000 yuan, labour cost 100 workers * 15 yuan/day, 150 yuan of mulch films, charges for water and electricity amount to 122150 yuan, 1.22 yuan of promptly every strains for 500 yuan.

Because propagation method reproduction coefficient height of the present invention, year breeding are often, matrix and seedling-cultivating tray are reusable, add batch production pipelining saving of work and time work efficiency height.Produce the total increment of 100,000 strain Tunisia soft seed pomegranate Miao and reach 11.24 ten thousand yuan.

Claims (2)

1. a quick propagating method of megranate is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

(1), select the greenhouse by solar heat or the plastic tunnel of temperature and humidity control for use, cover the sunshade net of light transmittance 70% on the canopy, set up seedling dish or cave disc carrier in the canopy, and sprayer unit be set;

(2), matrix selects for use the ratio with perlite, vermiculite, Da Sha 1: 0.5 by volume～2: 0.5～2 to mix, seedling dish or the cave dish of packing into;

(3), clip stays the band blade spray of 2～3 buds from the maternal plant, is cut into the long cutting of 5～10cm, it is that the root-growing agent of 500mg/L～2000mg/L soaked 20～40 seconds that concentration is put in the branch bottom, then in the insertion dish; Root-growing agent mainly is made up of following parts by weight raw material: 80～120 parts of indolebutyric acids, 5～15 parts of inositols, 1～2 part of Vc;

(4), seedling dish after inserting or cave dish are put on the support, first water irrigates, and begins spraying then, relative moisture remains on 90%～100% in the canopy, temperature remains on 30～40 ℃, and matrix is controlled at 25～30 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, and seedling dish or cave dish spray bactericidal agent;

(5), the back temperature of shed of taking root remains 25～35 ℃, matrix is controlled at 20～25 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, relative moisture is 75～80%, sprays bactericidal agent and fertilising;

(6), behind lateral root growth, it is off the net that seedling dish or cave dish is shifted out the outer sunshade of canopy, transplants a cutting and plant continued growth in the nutritive cube, when the seedling root system grows square root, just can move back alms bowl and be transplanted into the land for growing field crops.

2. quick propagating method of megranate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

(1), select the greenhouse by solar heat or the plastic tunnel of temperature and humidity control for use, cover the sunshade net of light transmittance 70% on the canopy, sets up support apart from ground 10～40cm in the canopy, seedling dish or cave dish is set on the support, highly locate to be provided with sprayer unit apart from seedling dish or cave dish 80～120cm;

(2), 1: 1: 1 by volume ratio of perlite, vermiculite, Da Sha is mixed seedling dish or the cave dish of packing into;

(3), clip stays the band blade spray of 2～3 buds from the maternal plant, be cut into contain 2～3 internodes, 2 length with blade are the cutting of 5～10cm, last clip is flat mouth with following clip; Pluck two leaves of foot, it is that the root-growing agent of 500mg/L～2000mg/L soaked 30 seconds that the concentration for preparing is put in the branch bottom 1/3 that shears, in the cutting handled well the seeding row spacing insertion dish about by 5～8cm; Root-growing agent mainly is made up of following parts by weight raw material: 80～120 parts of indolebutyric acids, 5～15 parts of inositols, 1～2 part of Vc;

(4), seedling dish after inserting or cave dish are moved on the support, seedling dish or cave dish are irrigated, open the spray apparatus spraying then; Relative moisture remains on 90%～100% in the canopy, and temperature remains on 30～40 ℃, and matrix is controlled at 25～30 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, and the seedling dish of newly inserting is sprayed one time with bactericidal agent, sprays a bactericidal agent until taking root in per then 5～7 days;

(5), the back temperature of shed of taking root remains 25～35 ℃, matrix is controlled at 20～25 ℃ in the dark temperature of 5cm, relative moisture is 75～80%, bactericidal agent of 5～7 days every days sprays; Took root back per 7～10 days, and sprayed fertilizer one time;

(6), when behind the lateral root growth or when seeing that root has stretched out seedling dish or cave dish, with seedling dish or cave dish shift out the outer sunshade of canopy off the net plant water in the nutritive cube permeable, to spray water later on and preserve moisture, when the seedling root system grows square root, just can move back alms bowl and be transplanted into the land for growing field crops, to use sufficient base fertilizer before planting, will water permeablely after planting, often topdress, weeding and spray leaf fertilizer.