CN104620921A - Rapid propagation method for jujubes - Google Patents
Rapid propagation method for jujubes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104620921A CN104620921A CN201510008902.4A CN201510008902A CN104620921A CN 104620921 A CN104620921 A CN 104620921A CN 201510008902 A CN201510008902 A CN 201510008902A CN 104620921 A CN104620921 A CN 104620921A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of jujube tree seedling growing and propagation and particularly relates to a rapid propagation method for jujubes. The method comprises the steps of cuttage treatment, after-rooting treatment and transplanting treatment. Through reasonable blending of rooting agents, matrixes, the temperature, humidity and light environment, impact factors in the cuttage period and components of nutrient soil adopted for transplanting, the propagation coefficient can be greatly increased, the bottlenecks of seedling missing in improved variety popularization and high seedling price are overcome, and compared with tissue culture seedlings, the survival rate of transplanting is high, cost is low, and popularization and application are easy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nursery of jujube tree breeding field, particularly relate to a kind of method for quickly breeding of jujube.
Background technology
The breeding vegetative propagation of current China jujube is mainly based on grafting, and reproduction coefficient is lower, is unfavorable for improved variety popularization.In laboratory work, China has carried out much creationary research, and the batch production tissue cultures of applying biological new and high technology to the high-quality seedling art of famous-brand and high-quality jujube kind has carried out systematic research.Propose " dimorphism differential medium " new method first, efficiently solve the contradiction between jujube group training indefinite bud clumpization and elongation growth, propose the series technique of red date factorial seedling growth, make jujube batch production educate rooting rate and reach 94%, plantlet in vitro transplants land for growing field crops survival rate 98%; Publication number is the tissue culture quick breeding seedling growing process that the patent document of CN1689401A discloses a planting fruit-trees, especially relates to the industrial fast breeding high efficiency technical that the tissue cultures of health date seedling and green wood cutting match.According to biotechnology principle, set up excellent germplasm cutting orchard, by the preparation of improved culture medium, through stem apex Initial culture, the production procedure such as seedling and nurturing staff is practiced in subculture fast breeding, root induction, domestication, the biennial original seed generation of R. concomitans excellent jujube kind matter or two generation plant, carry out green wood cutting, realize the rapidly and efficiently nursery of industrialization factory; Study grey jujube in the world first, heart jujube jujube witches broom phytoplasma (mycoplasma-like organism) removes and fast seedling raising technology, establish detoxification, tissue-culturing quick-propagation, non-test tube rapid propagation necessary technical system, the development for red dates industry provides detoxification nursery stock and technical support.Utilize stem-segment with single bud to be seeded in and in vitro cultivate jujube seedling-growing method, overcome the defect of conventional seedbed system, significantly improve nursery of jujube tree speed and reproduction coefficient, define the perfect technological process of jujube tree factorial seedling growth and necessary technical system, open the new way of nursery of jujube tree, for the Fast-propagation of famous-brand and high-quality jujube tree and popularization provide theoretical foundation and technical guarantee.But because plant tissue culture technique exists, one-time investment is large, technical requirement is high, step is numerous and diverse, cost is high, promote the shortcomings such as difficulty is large, and the scope that this technology is applied in production reality is quite limited.
In recent years, adopt bow canopy to carry out winter jujube green wood cutting nursery, method is easy, and rooting rate is high, and transplanting survival rate is high.According to investigation, the seedling of cuttage on the 14th in June, when July 25 transplanted land for growing field crops, average rooting rate reaches 93.2%, field-transplanting survival rate 93%, then average height of seedling 22.5cm, the sturdy prosperity of root system, can safe overwintering, the 2nd annual more than Seedling height 120cm.Cuttage and seedling culture period ratio comparatively plant division and propagation by grafiting growing-seedling period can shorten 1/3 ~ 1/2, and seedling cost reduces by 30% ~ 40%.Research finds, in the plastic tunnel of full exposure, carry out epicormic branch cutting research to grey jujube, air themperature remains on about 40 DEG C, and substrate temperature remains on about 25 DEG C, and air humidity reaches 90%.After 30d, rooting percent reaches more than 96%, and transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%.Two cantilever atomizing device and ABT root-inducing powder initiative detoxification winter jujube epicormic branch cutting new technology is applied in producing, obtain cutting plantation 93%, transplanting survival rate 95%, then height of seedling 38cm, the good result of a year and a half raw seedling mean height 1.2m, remarkable benefit.But because these equipment installs trouble, and slotting machine cuttage amount is little, cost of investment is quite large, can not batch production production line balance, does not therefore reach real factorial praluction and annual product many batches.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method for quickly breeding of jujube, the present invention greatly increases reproduction coefficient, solve breeding popularize be short of seedling, bottleneck that seedling valency is high, simultaneously higher than plantlet in vitro transplanting survival rate, cost is low, be easy to apply.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A method for quickly breeding for jujube, step is as follows:
1) cuttage process: get jujube tree current-year branch, is cut into the cuttings of 5 ~ 10cm, after root-growing agent process in cuttage seeding disk base material, temperature be 25 ~ 40 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than the illumination condition of 90% and 70% down to the phase of taking root;
2) to take root post processing: after taking root, cuttings is 20 ~ 30 DEG C in temperature, and relative moisture is that the grown under lighting conditions of 70% ~ 80%, 80% ~ 90% is to transplanting time;
3) process is transplanted: cuttings immigration compost makes high 15cm, back cut diameter is the alms bowl of 13cm after taking root, 8 ~ 12 holes are made a call in alms bowl bottom, then transition 5 ~ 7 days under 70% illumination condition, can be with alms bowl to be transplanted to nursery lot and conventional seedbed system method manages equally.
Preferably, described root-growing agent is " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent of 500 ~ 2000mg/L, and the root-growing agent processing time is 30s.
Preferably, the mixed-matrix of the perlite of described seedling disk base material to be volume ratio be 1:0.5 ~ 2:0.5 ~ 2, vermiculite, river sand composition.
Preferably, sterilize 2 hours with 0.5% potassium permanganate before matrix cuttage, rinse with clear water during cuttage, water once permeable after cuttage in time, and then dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 40% carbendazim and within every 7 days, use 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once.
Preferably, cuttings spacing in the rows 4cm in seedling dish, line-spacing 6cm, often coil 40 ~ 50 strains.
Preferably, the volume components proportioning of described Nutrition Soil is field soil: sand: perlite: mushroom base=4:1:1:4 or be sand: perlite: the peat composed of rotten mosses: field soil=1:1:1:1.
Preferably, long 5 ~ the 10cm of described cuttings, containing 2 ~ 3 internodes, stay 2 ~ 3 leaves altogether, the upper and lower sheared edge of cuttings is flat mouth, down cut mouth is near internode, and cuttings uses volume ratio to be that 40% carbendazim dilutes 800 times of liquid disinfectants after root-growing agent process before cuttage, within after cuttage every 7 days, uses 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once; Be 0.3% urea solution 1 ~ 2 times/day at blade face sprinkler body volume concentrations after cuttage rooting.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described perlite, river sand and vermiculite is respectively 2.5 ~ 7mm, 0.35 ~ 0.5mm and 1 ~ 3mm.
Preferably, described " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent is IBA:IAA by mass parts ratio: trace element=16:3:1.
Preferably, described trace element is made up of the raw material of following quality proportioning: Vc 95%, ammonium nitrate 3% and potassium nitrate 2%.
The present invention to differently root-growing agent, different substrates, different warm and humid luminous environment, the cuttage phase Different Effects factor, transplant adopt Nutrition Soil component, spray fast propagating seedling Field information situation is tested, and is below concrete test operation and corresponding conclusion:
One, cuttage phase test
1) test site
Test site is the temperature control canopy in Zhengzhou Fruit-tree Inst., Chinese Agriculture Science Academy and nursery, Jiyuan City, and temperature control canopy is energy temperature and humidity control booth, and vacuum double film, with Central Heating Providing system and light-supplementing system;
2) test material
Jujube cultivars: the jujube cultivars for test material be No. 1, middle jujube, Huanghua winter jujube, July fresh jujube.No. 1, middle jujube and Huang firelight or sunlight winter jujube kind bar pick up from Zhengzhou Fruit-tree Inst., Chinese Agriculture Science Academy's jujube resource garden and Huang Bi Municipal Forestry Bureau of Hebei province, the age of tree is life in 5 years, robust growth, fruit properties performance is stable, and result quantities is large, the height of tree 2 ~ 3 meters, hat 1.5 ~ 2 meters, seeding row spacing 2 meters × 3 meters, slender spindle like and evacuate layering shape, Stochastic choice tree crown size, growth potential, basically identical the setting for testing of flowers and fruits amount, carry out adopting bar;
Root-growing agent type: ABT
1number, ABT
6number root-inducing powder buys from the Chinese Academy of Forestry ABT center, and numerous No. 2 root-growing agents of state are Zhengzhou Fruit-tree Inst., Chinese Agriculture Science Academy's developments;
3) cuttings collection: from above-mentioned No. 1, jujube, Huanghua winter jujube, July fresh jujube elite stand on clip current-year branch, be cut into the cuttings of 5 ~ 10cm, cuttings upper blade retains complete, and lower blade is removed, and be all flat mouth up and down, and end opening will close internode;
4) matrix, booth and management:
Seedling disk base material is perlite, vermiculite, river sand and perlite: vermiculite: the mixed-matrix that river sand is made by 1:1:1, seedling dish is 30cm × 40cm, before cuttings, above-mentioned all matrix 0.5% potassium permanganate is sterilized 2 hours, use volume ratio to be after 40% carbendazim dilutes 800 times of liquid disinfectants during cuttage and clear water waters and washes, after cuttage (need water permeable) within every 7 days, use 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once.Cuttage spacing in the rows 4cm, line-spacing 6cm, often coil 40 ~ 50 strains;
The general sunlight greenhouse of booth, above takes the adjustable sunshade net of light transmittance, starts automatic microtubule spraying system in time, maintain and regulate humidity after cuttage, regulates canopy temperature by ventilating at opening.
1. difference is taken root the effect that medicament is taken root to jujube spray stripping
1.1, by Orthogonal Experiment and Design, select L
16(4
5) orthogonal table determination testing program, 50 strains are inserted in every community, repeat for three times.
By ABT
1number, ABT
6the numerous No. 2 root-growing agents allotment of number root-inducing powder and state, concentration for the treatment of is respectively 500mg/L, 1000mg/L, 1500mg/L, and the processing time of the cuttings that No. 1, centering jujube is 30 seconds, 0.5 hour, 1 hour and 1.5 hours.Contrast is clear water process.
1.2 results and analysis
Result of the test is as shown in table 1, and his-and-hers watches 1 carry out variance analysis, obtain variance analysis table 2, can see:
1. root-growing agent process jujube spray cuttings, can improve rooting rate significantly.Best of breed is the numerous No. 2 root-growing agent 1000 ~ 2000mg/L of state.Process 30s ~ 1.5h, rooting rate is 100%, is 4.8 times of the average rooting rate 20.2% of contrast.
2. the ABT root-inducing powder produced of the Chinese Academy of Forestry that selects of this research is the conventional root-growing agent of difficult jujube of taking root at present, ABT
1need first to melt with alcohol, then be watered dilution, and ABT
6number root-inducing powder is water miscible, is directly watered and dilutes.From entirety, ABT root-inducing powder centering jujube No. 1 epicormic branch cuttage is taken root and is had facilitation, and the rooting rate of ABT process is apparently higher than contrast.From ABT
1number and ABT
6number result, ABT
1number process rooting rate higher than ABT
6number process.
3. as can be drawn from Table 3, numerous No. 2 root-growing agents of state take out rooting rate to jujube spray skewer, more effective than similar root-inducing powder ABT.
Jujube No. 1 cuttage and seedling culture root-growing agent impact test orthogonal table L in table 1
16(4
5)
Table 2 root-growing agent test variance table
The different root-growing agent of table 3 is on the impact of jujube epicormic branch cuttage
Note: in table 3, the processing time of root-growing agent is 30s.The numeral difference remarkable (P=0.05) that table Chinese-English word parent phase is same.
2 different substrates are to the effect of jujube cuttage rooting
Matrix is the place of cuttage rooting, and the condition of cuttage rooting, need sufficient water and air, condition of the taking root difference that different matrix provides cuttings.
2.1, by Orthogonal Experiment and Design, select L
16(4
5) orthogonal table determination testing program, 50 strains are inserted in every community, repeat for three times.By the cuttings of No. 1, middle jujube, have for examination matrix type: perlite, vermiculite, river sand, perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1), by No. ABT1 and the numerous No. 2 root-growing agents allotment of state, concentration for the treatment of is respectively 500mg/L, 1000mg/L, 1500mg/L, it is 30 seconds to the processing time of cuttings, contrast is clear water process, and control group is clear water process.
2.2 results and analysis
1. result of the test is as table 4.As can be seen from Table 4: different root-growing agent reacts different in different substrates, and the variable concentrations of same root-growing agent reacts also difference to some extent in different substrates.Numerous No. 2 root-growing agents of state are with 1000mg/L ~ 2000mg/L, and process 30s, in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1) matrix, rooting rate is the highest, reaches 100%; Next is that rooting rate can reach more than 86.5% in river sand matrix.State's numerous No. 2 root-growing agents (1500mg/L ~ 2000mg/L) rooting rate in perlite of high concentration also reaches 100%.The rooting rate of the numerous No. 2 root-growing agent process of the host country except 500mg/L, 1000mg/L process is apparently higher than contrast, remarkable with contrast difference.And the ABT that the Chinese Academy of Forestry produces
1number root-growing agent, 500 ~ 1500mg/L process rooting rate in river sand is higher than other matrix, and rooting rate is more than 85.5%; 2000mg/L process rooting rate in river sand matrix only has 38.5%; Next is that 500 ~ 1500mg/L root rate of taking root in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1) matrix is higher.
On average to take root several result of the tests as can be seen from every fringe: in four kinds of matrix, numerous No. 2 root-growing agents of state quantity of on average taking root in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1) mixed-matrix is maximum, reaches more than 21; Number of on average taking root in river sand reaches more than 18.4, and several relative mistake of taking root in perlite is a little.And ABT
1number root-growing agent on average takes root number at most in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1) mixed-matrix, reach more than 9.3, next be take root in river sand and vermiculite matrix several more, control treatment is also in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1) mixed-matrix, take root number at most, reaches 10.8.
Find out from table 4 result of the test, the longest root average production length does the shortest of matrix with perlite, and other each matrix difference is not too large, and the effect trend of two kinds of root-growing agent process is identical.And can find out that the longest root growth in perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1) mixed-matrix is the longest in contrast.
2. find out from this result of the test so that perlite+vermiculite+river sand (by volume proportioning 1:1:1) mixed-matrix centering jujube No. 1 epicormic branch cuttage is taken root the most favourable.
The impact that table 4 different substrates centering jujube No. 1 epicormic branch cuttage is taken root
Note: after numeral, identical lowercase represents there was no significant difference, Duncan is multiple differential method inspection newly, P=0.05
Impact that temperature and humidity condition takes root on jujube epicormic branch cuttage that 3 do not share the same light
Spray, after being cut off parent, can not obtain moisture from root again, and supplementing of nutrient is also extremely restricted, and significantly weakens, make cuttings be easy to come to harm and wither to bad environmental resistance.Create the key that many environmental factors such as suitable temperature, humidity, sunlight and air are cutting survivals.
3.1, by Orthogonal Experiment and Design, select L
9(3
4) orthogonal table determination testing program, 50 strains are inserted in every community, three times repeat, cuttings pick up from No. 1, middle jujube, Huanghua winter jujube and July fresh jujube, cutting medium perlite+vermiculite+river sand mixed-matrix, mixed proportion is 1:1:1.The cuttings numerous No. 2 root-growing agent 1000mg/L process 30s of state.
3.2 results and analysis
From table 5 analysis of experiments: the range R of kind is 13.2, be the factor that in test, range R is minimum, therefore kind is less on rooting rate impact.Temperature is the maximum factor of range R, therefore having the greatest impact to rooting rate.
It can also be seen that from table 5 rooting rate analytical table:
1. 9 treatment combinations, 9 communities are taken root in result, can see the rooting rate the highest (99.5%) of the 6th treatment combination.This treatment combination is temperature more than 25 DEG C less than 40 DEG C, humidity 90 ~ 100%, 70% illumination.
2. in 4 factors for examination, have the greatest impact to treatment combination rooting rate with temperature, humidity is taken second place, and illumination is taken second place again, and kind impact is minimum.Directly find out from the large I of each row range.
3. in 4 factors, Huanghua winter jujube and July fresh rooting rate the highest; Temperature factor is the highest with the rooting rate being less than 40 DEG C; Humidity factor is then the highest with 90% ~ 100%; Illumination is the highest with the rooting rate of 70% illumination.So the suitable environment condition of jujube epicormic branch cuttage is high temperature (more than 25 DEG C, less than 40 DEG C), high humidity 90% ~ 100%, 70% illumination.
Temperature affect cuttings cell division, photosynthetic, breathe, rising and other physiological activities, thus affect the regeneration event of cuttings.Taking root of various jujube To body material, have oneself suitable scope to the requirement of temperature, in optimum temperature range, cuttings is easily taken root.Find out from this test, jujube is hobby higher temperature, and epicormic branch cuttage is high at hot and humid lower rooting rate.
Spray takes root required nutriment and growth hormone mainly from the photosynthesis of leaf, and therefore, sufficient illumination is the essential condition of spray cuttage rooting, is also one of key factor of spray cuttage rooting.But cross strong sunshine and consequent high temperature, hinder cuttage rooting again, because be easy to the injury being subject to burning day, or dehydration and withering, micro-spray cooling must be taked for this reason and overcome the infringement that high light direct projection causes, high humility provides sufficient moisture to cuttings Foliage Absorption simultaneously, leaf water potential and turgescence gesture is made to be in normal physiological status, cell division in cuttings, stomatal movement, enzymatic reaction and photosynthesis etc. can both normally be run, the water of absorption and transpiration can also be made to reach balance, can not cause withered because of dehydration.
Table 5 environmental condition is to jujube epicormic branch cuttage Rooting effect analytical table [L
9(3
4)]
The 4 other influences factor researchs of taking root relevant with epicormic branch cuttage
Affecting jujube epicormic branch cuttage takes root except above-mentioned test factor, also have many factors, as spray or the tender head of different position differing maturities, cuttings band leaf is how many, the reaction etc. of different cultivars, capital directly or indirectly affects to be taken root or grows, and the impact that mould these factor pair jujube epicormic branch cuttages clear are taken root is attempted in this test.
4.1, by Orthogonal Experiment and Design, select L
16(4
5) orthogonal table determination testing program, 50 strains are inserted in every community, repeat for three times, cuttings pick up from No. 1, middle jujube, Huanghua winter jujube and July fresh jujube, cutting medium perlite+vermiculite+river sand mixed-matrix, mixed proportion is 1:1:1, the cuttings numerous No. 2 root-growing agent 1000mg/L process 30s of state; Cutting conditions is day temperature 38 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 25 DEG C, illumination every day more than 12 hours, canopy humidity more than 90%.
4.2 results and analysis
1. different jujube kind impact that epicormic branch cuttage is taken root
The difference that table 6 jujube different cultivars epicormic branch cuttage is taken root
Note: have the expression difference of same letter not remarkable with column number sign.NS is that difference (0.05 level) is not remarkable.
As can be seen from table 6 result of the test, at identical conditions, jujube epicormic branch cuttage rooting rate height has relation with kind, and namely Huanghua winter jujube cutting plantation is lower than No. 1, middle jujube and fresh jujube in July.
2. different jujube kind is on the impact of growth speed of taking root
To take root under table 7 different cultivars identical conditions growth speed
As can be seen from Table 7, No. 1, middle jujube and July fresh and tender branch cuttage root-taking comparatively Huanghua winter jujube is fast, but can 100% be reached to slotting latter 21 days all kind rooting rates.It is little that all kinds insert rear amount of growth difference.
3. jujube cuttings stay blade on the impact of taking root
As can be seen from table 8 result of the test, the spray cuttings not with leaf is not taken root, (as 1/2) cuttage rooting evening that band leaf is few, and rooting rate is low.And every fringe stays 2, take root fast (insert and take root for latter 9 days), rooting rate high (98% ~ 100%).
The scion of table 8 jujube stay blade on the impact of taking root
Note: the digital difference remarkable (P=0.05) that letter is identical.
4. stem segment length is different from the impact of taking root
As can be seen from table 9 result of the test, the epicormic branch cuttage of jujube, cutting length is advisable with 5 ~ 10cm, too shortly longly all affects cuttage survival rate.
Table 9 stem segment length is different from the impact of taking root
Note: the digital difference remarkable (P=0.05) that letter is identical.
5. the different root-growing agent of same kind, different substrates are on the impact of speed of taking root
Table 10 jujube to be taken root speed (processing 30 seconds) with kind spray cuttings in different agents process different substrates
As can be seen from Table 10, root-growing agent type has the greatest impact to speed of taking root, and matrix type and root-growing agent concentration are taken second place on speed impact of taking root.With the numerous No. 2 root-growing agent 1000mg/L of state at perlite: vermiculite: take root in river sand=1:1:1 matrix the fastest (8 days).
Two, transplanting time test
1 Different Nutrition soil proportioning is on the impact of the fast numerous seedling transplanting survival rate of jujube
1.1 materials and methods
Insert latter 30 days, cuttings can reach 100% and take root, and overground part generally grows and can reach 10 ~ 15cm, and most of cuttings forms square root, at this moment can transplant seedlings and namely enter the little transplantation of seedlings stage.Hardening is carried out 2 ~ 3 days, to improve the adaptive capacity of seedling before transplanting.
The whether crucial formula being Nutrition Soil of transplant survival.The design of Nutrition Soil formula test is as follows:
No. 1 compost is field soil: perlite: chicken manure: the peat composed of rotten mosses=73.4:11.3:8.5:6.8
No. 2 composts are the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=3:1
No. 3 composts are sand: perlite: the peat composed of rotten mosses: field soil=1:1:1:1
No. 4 composts are field soil: sand: perlite: mushroom base=4:1:1:4
By experimental scheme, determine testing program, 50 strains are inserted in every community, repeat for three times, the seedling of transplanting be derived from No. 1, middle jujube, Huanghua winter jujube and July fresh jujube cuttings grow up to, transplanting environmental condition is: temperature daytime 30 DEG C, night 20 DEG C; Humidity daytime 75%, night 85%; Illumination 70% light transmittance;
1.2 results and analysis
The impact of the Nutrition Soil centering jujube No. 1 transplantation of seedlings survival rate and growth of table 11 different ratio
As can be seen from table 11 result of the test, the fast numerous little transplantation of seedlings of middle jujube No. 1 spray is best with No. 4 composts (i.e. field soil: sand: perlite: mushroom base=4:1:1:4), is secondly No. 3 composts (i.e. sand: perlite: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soil=1:1:1:1).The compost of these two kinds formulas is agglomerating good, goes alms bowl not fall apart.No. 4 composts are added with mushroom base and do nutrition, so seedling growth is strengthened soon.The result of the test that yellow firelight or sunlight winter jujube, July are fresh and No. 1, middle jujube come to the same thing, here no longer repeated description.
2 spray fast propagating seedling Field information situations
2.1 experimental cultivars have fresh jujube in July, No. 1, middle jujube, Huanghua winter jujube, for examination nursery stock all from spray fast propagating seedling, application test place is Zhengzhou Fruit-tree Inst., Chinese Agriculture Science Academy's dry fruit new varieties resource garden and Wang Wu township, Jiyuan City, Henan Province, select 3 points at random from point of application, each point randomly draws 10 strains every 10 days investigation 1 secondary growth amounts.Simultaneously by same method, above-mentioned three kinds conventional jujube seedling growth amounts measuring field planting then simultaneously: July No. 1, fresh, middle jujube, the conventional seedling of Huanghua winter jujube is from institute's conventional seedbed system garden, more than height of seedling 80cm, thick more than the 0.8cm of ground stem, root system is complete, without damage by disease and insect.Above-mentioned all nursery stocks by the requirement field planting of production garden, dig pit 1 meter square, execute 50 kilograms of farmyard manures that become thoroughly decomposed in hole, often hole execute 500 grams, phosphate fertilizer.
It is all that seedling strain with the present invention program prepares gained is compared with open country plant division nursery that reproduction coefficient comparative test and seedling cost are adjusted, and for trying, material source is the same.
2.2 results and analysis
1. nursery of the present invention is compared with conventional graft seedling growth technology reproduction coefficient
The fast numerous method of watch 12 jujube and conventional propagation by grafiting progression and coefficient table
Note: jujube also has repeatedly branch, after seedling grows to 2 months, branch can, as cuttage, can also expand numerous again further.
As can be seen from table 12 result of the test, multiplied ratio of the present invention is 1:84, and conventional grafting multiplied ratio is 1:7, and the former is apparently higher than the latter, is 12 times of the latter.Namely invention substantially increases reproduction coefficient, can effectively increase breeding reproduction rate.2. gained seedling strain planting survival rates investigation of the present invention
The strain of table 13 seedling of the present invention is compared with conventional planting survival rates
Note: planting site is Gang Qiu hillside fields, clay ground.The numeral difference of same letter remarkable (P=0.05) in colleague in table
As can be seen from table 13 investigation result: the seedling strain planting survival rates of the present invention of No. 1, middle jujube is apparently higher than open country grafting planting survival rates; Huanghua winter jujube is also same.Because seedling strain of the present invention is all band nutrition pot seedling, affect little by environment and land occupation condition, and open country grafting is all open country bareroot seedling, by environment and land occupation condition affect larger.
3. seedling cost is adjusted
Table 14 seedling strain of the present invention and open country grafting cost compare
Note: to produce 100,000 young plants for calculating standard, experimental cultivar is No. 1, middle jujube, the 6 yuan/strain of show-through grafting unit price.
As can be seen from upper table result of calculation, the every strain cost of seedling strain of the present invention 0.14 yuan, and the every strain cost of open country grafting nursery 1.01 yuan, the latter is apparently higher than the former.In a large amount of nursery of batch production, the former is more worthwhile, and price can be lower.Because limiting by new excellent all number amounts, adopting the latter's method to want amount reproduction improved seeds, have very large difficulty, and the former more effectively can solve the few problem of kind of bar.
4. nursery economic benefit
Table 15 seedling strain of the present invention and open country grafting economic benefits comparison
Note: mu plants 83 strains (seeding row spacing 2m × 3m), kind is No. 1, middle jujube.
Jujube No. 1 seedling in 500 strains as can be seen from Table 15, by the breeding of a year, fast numerous method can complete the required seedling amount of required 506 mu, and open country grafting, 42 Mu Jian garden nursery stocks can only be completed.This shows, the former can improve breeding popularity rate greatly, improves spreading speed.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
1) greatly can increase reproduction coefficient, accelerate breeding popularity rate.Conventional seedbed system 500 strain, can produce 42000 strains in 1 year by technical solution of the present invention, can build 506 mu, garden and the open country grafting of prior art can only produce 3500 young plants by higher density ground (2m × 4m), can only build 42 mu, high density garden.Its breeding popularity rate speed improves 12 times;
2) greatly can reduce seedling cost, conventional open country graft seedling growth 100,000 strain in prior art, every strain cost wants 1.01 yuan, and adopt the present invention program's nursery 100,000 strain, and as long as every strain cost 0.14 yuan, cost-saving 8.7 ten thousand yuan, under similarity condition, pin seedling income can increase income 8.7 ten thousand yuan more.If build garden with two kinds of nursery stocks, under identical condition, Mei Mujian garden can be saved nursery stock and taken 60.59 yuan (every mu of 83 strains);
3) by the batch production fast breeding of rare improved seeds jujube, not only can verify limited breeding kind bar fast, greatly can also increase reproduction coefficient, solve breeding popularize be short of seedling, bottleneck that seedling valency is high, seedling strain transplanting survival rate is high simultaneously, cost is low, be easy to apply.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1. a method for quickly breeding for jujube, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
1) cuttage process:
Get jujube tree current-year branch, be cut into the cuttings of 5cm, cuttings contains 2 internodes, have 2 leaves, the upper and lower sheared edge of cuttings is flat mouth, down cut mouth is near internode, after " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent process 30s of 500mg/L, volume ratio is used to be that 40% carbendazim dilutes 800 times of liquid disinfectants wait cuttages, described " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent is IBA:IAA by mass parts ratio: trace element=16:3:1, trace element by quality proportioning be Vc 95%, ammonium nitrate 3% and potassium nitrate 2% makes;
Getting volume ratio is perlite: vermiculite: the mixed-matrix of river sand=1:0.5:0.5, the particle diameter of described perlite, river sand and vermiculite is respectively 2.5mm, 0.35mm and 1mm, seedling dish is put into after sterilizing 2 hours with 0.5% potassium permanganate, rinse with clear water during cuttage, water once permeable after cuttage in time, and then dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 40% carbendazim and within every 7 days, use 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once, wait for cuttage; When matrix second time and follow-up repeatedly use time, need to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 50% carbendazim, sterilization method and number of times the same.
Cuttings cuttage after sterilization is entered in seedling disk base material, cuttings spacing in the rows 4cm in seedling dish, line-spacing 6cm, often coil 40 strains, temperature be 25 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than the illumination condition of 90% and 70% down to the phase of taking root, and within every 7 days during this period, uses 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once; Be 0.3% urea solution 1 times/day at blade face sprinkler body volume concentrations after cuttage rooting.
2) to take root post processing:
After taking root, cuttings is 20 DEG C in temperature, and relative moisture is that the grown under lighting conditions of 70%, 80% is to transplanting time;
3) process is transplanted:
After taking root, cuttings immigration compost makes high 15cm, back cut diameter is the alms bowl of 13cm, 8 holes are made a call in alms bowl bottom, then under 70% illumination condition excessive 5 days, alms bowl can be with to be transplanted to nursery lot and conventional seedbed system method manages equally, the component proportion of Nutrition Soil is field soil: sand: perlite: mushroom base=4:1:1:4, described mushroom base is the residue of cultivated mushroom wild Oryza species.
Embodiment 2
1) cuttage process:
Get jujube tree current-year branch, be cut into the cuttings of 10cm, cuttings contains 2 ~ 3 internodes, have 3 leaves, the upper and lower sheared edge of cuttings is flat mouth, down cut mouth is near internode, after " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent process 30s of 2000mg/L, volume ratio is used to be that 40% carbendazim dilutes 800 times of liquid disinfectants wait cuttages, described " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent is IBA:IAA by mass parts ratio: trace element=16:3:1, trace element by quality proportioning be Vc 95%, ammonium nitrate 3% and potassium nitrate 2% makes;
Getting volume ratio is perlite: vermiculite: the mixed-matrix of river sand=1:2:2, the particle diameter of described perlite, river sand and vermiculite is respectively 7mm, 0.5mm and 3mm, seedling dish is put into after sterilizing 2 hours with 0.5% potassium permanganate, rinse with clear water during cuttage, water once permeable after cuttage in time, and then dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 40% carbendazim and within every 7 days, use 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once, wait for cuttage; When matrix second time and follow-up repeatedly use time, need to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 50% carbendazim, sterilization method and number of times the same.
Cuttings cuttage after sterilization is entered in seedling disk base material, cuttings spacing in the rows 4cm in seedling dish, line-spacing 6cm, often coil 50 strains, temperature be 40 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than the illumination condition of 90% and 70% down to the phase of taking root, and within every 7 days during this period, uses 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once; Be 0.3% urea solution 2 times/day at blade face sprinkler body volume concentrations after cuttage rooting.
2) to take root post processing:
After taking root, cuttings is 30 DEG C in temperature, and relative moisture is that the grown under lighting conditions of 80%, 90% is to transplanting time;
3) process is transplanted:
After taking root, cuttings immigration compost makes high 15cm, back cut diameter is the alms bowl of 13cm, 12 holes are made a call in alms bowl bottom, then under 70% illumination condition excessive 7 days, alms bowl can be with to be transplanted to nursery lot and conventional seedbed system method manages equally, the component proportion of Nutrition Soil is sand: perlite: the peat composed of rotten mosses: field soil=1:1:1:1.
Embodiment 3
1) cuttage process:
Get jujube tree current-year branch, be cut into the cuttings of 8cm, cuttings contains 2 ~ 3 internodes, stays 3 leaves altogether, the upper and lower sheared edge of cuttings is flat mouth, down cut mouth is near internode, after " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent process 30s of 1000mg/L, volume ratio is used to be that 40% carbendazim dilutes 800 times of liquid disinfectants wait cuttages, described " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent is IBA:IAA by mass parts ratio: trace element=16:3:1, trace element by quality proportioning be Vc 95%, ammonium nitrate 3% and potassium nitrate 2% makes;
Getting volume ratio is perlite: vermiculite: the mixed-matrix of river sand=1:1:1, the particle diameter of described perlite, river sand and vermiculite is respectively 5mm, 0.4mm and 2mm, seedling dish is put into after sterilizing 2 hours with 0.5% potassium permanganate, rinse with clear water during cuttage, water once permeable after cuttage in time, and then dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 40% carbendazim and within every 7 days, use 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once, wait for cuttage; When matrix second time and follow-up repeatedly use time, need to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 50% carbendazim, sterilization method and number of times the same.
Cuttings cuttage after sterilization is entered in seedling disk base material, cuttings spacing in the rows 4cm in seedling dish, line-spacing 6cm, often coil 45 strains, temperature be 30 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than the illumination condition of 90% and 70% down to the phase of taking root, and within every 7 days during this period, uses 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once; Be 0.3% urea solution 2 times/day at blade face sprinkler body volume concentrations after cuttage rooting.
2) to take root post processing:
After taking root, cuttings is 25 DEG C in temperature, and relative moisture is that the grown under lighting conditions of 75%, 85% is to transplanting time;
3) process is transplanted:
After taking root, cuttings immigration compost makes high 15cm, back cut diameter is the alms bowl of 13cm, 10 holes are made a call in alms bowl bottom, then under 70% illumination condition excessive 6 days, alms bowl can be with to be transplanted to nursery lot and conventional seedbed system method manages equally, the component proportion of Nutrition Soil is field soil: sand: perlite: mushroom base=4:1:1:4, described mushroom base is the residue of cultivated mushroom wild Oryza species.
Claims (10)
1. a method for quickly breeding for jujube, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
1) cuttage process: get jujube tree current-year branch, is cut into the cuttings of 5 ~ 10cm, after root-growing agent process in cuttage seeding disk base material, temperature be 25 ~ 40 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than the illumination condition of 90% and 70% down to the phase of taking root;
2) to take root post processing: after taking root, cuttings is 20 ~ 30 DEG C in temperature, and relative moisture is that the grown under lighting conditions of 70% ~ 80%, 80% ~ 90% is to transplanting time;
3) transplant process: by the alms bowl that cuttings immigration compost makes high 15cm, back cut diameter is 13 cm after taking root, 8 ~ 12 holes are made a call in alms bowl bottom, then transition 5 ~ 7 days under 70% illumination condition, can be with alms bowl to be transplanted to nursery lot and conventional seedbed system method manages equally.
2. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described root-growing agent is " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent of 500 ~ 2000mg/L, and the root-growing agent processing time is 30s.
3. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the mixed-matrix of the perlite of described seedling disk base material to be volume ratio be 1:0.5 ~ 2:0.5 ~ 2, vermiculite, river sand composition.
4. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, sterilize 2 hours with 0.5% potassium permanganate before matrix cuttage, rinse with clear water during cuttage, water once permeable after cuttage in time, and then dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants with 40% carbendazim and within every 7 days, use 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once.
5. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, cuttings spacing in the rows 4cm in seedling dish, line-spacing 6cm, often coil 40 ~ 50 strains.
6. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume components proportioning of described Nutrition Soil is field soil: sand: perlite: mushroom base=4:1:1:4 or be sand: perlite: the peat composed of rotten mosses: field soil=1:1:1:1.
7. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, long 5 ~ the 10cm of described cuttings, containing 2 ~ 3 internodes, stay 2 ~ 3 leaves altogether, the upper and lower sheared edge of cuttings is flat mouth, and down cut mouth is near internode, cuttings uses volume ratio to be that 40% carbendazim dilutes 800 times of liquid disinfectants after root-growing agent process before cuttage, within after cuttage every 7 days, uses 40% carbendazim to dilute 800 times of liquid disinfectants once; Be 0.3% urea solution 1 ~ 2 times/day at blade face sprinkler body volume concentrations after cuttage rooting.
8. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described perlite, river sand and vermiculite is respectively 2.5 ~ 7mm, 0.35 ~ 0.5mm and 1 ~ 3mm.
9. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described " numerous No. 2 of state " root-growing agent is IBA:IAA by mass parts ratio: trace element=16:3:1.
10. the method for quickly breeding of jujube as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described trace element is made up of the raw material of following quality proportioning: Vc 95%, ammonium nitrate 3% and potassium nitrate 2%.
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| CN106386336A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 四川七彩林业开发有限公司 | Pyracantha fortuneana Harlequin cuttage breeding method |
| CN107318566A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-07 | 安徽金源农林专业合作社 | Jujube tree cottage method |
| CN109220272A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-18 | 阜阳大丰收农业种植专业合作社 | A method of improving jujube tree hardwood cutting survival rate |
| CN113330972A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-03 | 河北农业大学 | Method for cultivating large seedlings of jujube rootstock in light-matrix container |
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