CN103598053A - High-yield planting method for desert date trees in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for desert date trees in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103598053A CN103598053A CN201310557934.0A CN201310557934A CN103598053A CN 103598053 A CN103598053 A CN 103598053A CN 201310557934 A CN201310557934 A CN 201310557934A CN 103598053 A CN103598053 A CN 103598053A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for desert date trees in saline-alkali soil. The high-yield planting method mainly includes steps of sowing and seedling raising, seedling management, saline-alkali soil field planting and field management. The step of sowing and seedling raising includes procedures of treating seedlings; sowing and raising the seedlings; raising the seedlings by cutting; raising the seedlings by layering. The step of seedling management mainly includes controlling temperature, humidity and illumination factors. The step of saline-alkali soil field planting includes field treatment and transplantation procedures. The step of field management mainly includes inter-cultivation weeding and fertilization. Sulfate compound fertilizers need to be applied instead of chlorate compound fertilizers in the step of field management. According to the technical scheme, the high-yield planting method has the advantages that the problem of wastage of large quantities of saline-alkali fields can be solved, land resources can be sufficiently utilized, the national call for environmental protection can be responded, and the high-yield planting method is high in economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technology field, relate in particular to the method for planting of saline-alkali soil narrow-leaved oleaster high yield.
Background technology
Saline-alkali soil is because various ease of solubility salt is done redistributing of horizontal direction and vertical direction on ground, thereby salinity is built up at the upper soll layer in collection salt area, forms the soil condition of high salt content.Yet salinity has influence on the normal growth of crop, even cause and be short of seedling or death.According to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the area in saline land, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares, if these soils all can not be used, will cause the huge wasting of resources.
In order to develop saline-alkali soil, document has been reported the improvement method of saline-alkali soil in succession, improved to a certain extent the present situation of the wasting of resources, but cost of investment is higher, economic benefit is not obvious, and correlative study shows for this reason, it is strong that narrow-leaved oleaster adapts to saline-alkali soil ability, can extensively plant and obtain economic benefit, but the research that document announcement narrow-leaved oleaster is not planted at present, especially saline land narrow-leaved oleaster is planted.< < Chinese Herbal Medicine in Xinjiang handbook > > points out, that arrow-leaved oleaster has is strong, calm, the medical value of controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, stomach invigorating, antidiarrheal, menstruation regulating, diuresis, can treat for stomachache, the symptom such as diarrhoea, in poor health, cough with lung heat.Therefore, narrow-leaved oleaster to plant and obtain economic benefit be feasible.
Arrow-leaved oleaster is deciduous tree, and vitality is strong, has the features such as drought resisting, anti-blown sand, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, impoverishment tolerant.Natural arrow-leaved oleaster is distributed in precipitation lower than desert and the Semi-desert Area of 150 millimeters, under the soil conditions such as mountain region, Plain, sandy beach, desert, all can grow, but heat condition is had relatively high expectations, at >=10 ℃ of accumulated temperature, more than 3000 ℃ grow well in area, accumulated temperature is during lower than 2500 ℃, and narrow-leaved oleaster is solid less.Arrow-leaved oleaster has the ability of Salt And Alkali Tolerance, but different and different with salinity kind, stronger to sulfuric acid solonchak adaptability, to chloride resistance a little less than.When sulfuric acid solonchak total salt quantity 1.5% is following, can grow, when total salt quantity surpasses 0.4% on chlorination solonchak, be unsuitable for growth.
Strong adaptability based on narrow-leaved oleaster and higher medical value, plant narrow-leaved oleaster as industry, form the advantage of scale, adopts advanced planting technology, can bring higher economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the method for planting that a kind of saline-alkali soil arrow-leaved oleaster high yield is provided, solve the problem of the existing saline-alkali soil wasting of resources, solve traditional arrow-leaved oleaster method for planting problem backward in technique, realize the environmental benefit of checking winds and fixing drifting sand, realize arrow-leaved oleaster economic benefit.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method for planting of saline-alkali soil narrow-leaved oleaster high yield, specifically comprises the steps:
One, seeding and seedling raising
1, seedling is processed: select kind pure good arrow-leaved oleaster seed, with 50～60 ℃ of emerge in worm water 2～3 days, pull the thiophanate methyl wetting powder seed dressing of rear use 40% out, then mix and be placed on area without shade moisturizing vernalization with horsehit, after splitting mouth, 30～40% seeds can sow, wherein, the thiophanate methyl wetting powder of 40% described in 3g for per kilogram seed;
2, seeding and seedling raising: arrow-leaved oleaster is grown seedlings and adopted land for growing field crops formula drilling, 25 centimetres of line-spacings, 3～5 centimetres of sowing depth, every meter of seed furrow is sowed 80～100, and the every mu of 40 jin of left and right of sowing, broadcast rear earthing, early June thinning, 7 centimetres of spacings, every mu of 3～40,000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings;
3, cuttage and seedling culture: epicormic branch cuttage should be selected when late summer to early autumn, plant strain growth was vigorous to carry out, selects raw sturdy branch then as cuttings, after branch is cut, to choose sturdy position, is cut into 5～15 centimeters long one section, and every section will be with 3 above leaf segments; While carrying out cuttage, after early spring, temperature went up, choose healthy and strong branch and do cuttings, every section of cuttings retains 3～4 joints conventionally;
4, layering seedling growth: choose healthy and strong branch, from following about 15～30 centimeters of the top tip, bark is peeled off to a circle, the wound width after stripping is one centimeter of left and right, the degree of depth is just to peel epidermis to be limited off, the film that clip one block length is 10～20 centimeters, wide 5～8 centimeters, puts the garden mould drenching a bit above, and the position of band girdle is packed together, tighten at the two ends up and down of film, intermediate muster, takes root after approximately four to six weeks, after taking root, branch limit root system is cut together, just become a new plant;
Two, seedling management
1, temperature: the optimum temperature of cuttage rooting is 20 ℃～30 ℃, lower than 20 ℃, cuttage rooting difficulty, slow; Higher than 30 ℃, upper and lower two clips of cuttings are easily subject to infection process and rot, and temperature is higher, and rotten ratio is larger, and while running into low temperature after cuttage, the measure of insulation is mainly to wrap being used for flowerpot or the container of cuttage with film; After cuttage, temperature is too during high temperature, and the measure of cooling is mainly to shade to cuttings, hide 50～80% of sunlight,, to cuttings, spray meanwhile, every day 3～5 times, the number of times of the higher spray of fine day temperature is also more, and overcast and rainy temperature lower temperature is larger, and the number of times of spray sprays less or not;
2, humidity: must keep the relative moisture of air 75～85% after cuttage, the moisture that reduces cuttings by spraying evaporates: having under the condition of shading, to cuttings, sprays, and every day 3～5 times, the number of times of the higher spray of fine day temperature is more, and the number of times of the lower spray of overcast and rainy temperature sprays less or not;
3, illumination: sunlight must be covered to 50～80% after cuttage, after root system grows, more progressively remove shading net: during fine day 4:00 is except lower shading net every afternoon, shading net on the next morning 9:00 protecgulum;
Three, saline-alkali soil field field planting
1, process in land for growing field crops: the land for growing field crops rear ridging of turning over, and distance between the ridges 2m, pours water on ridge to completely moistening, then with plastic film, covers land for growing field crops, digs cave on plastic film, and cave spacing is 2～3m;
2, transplant: involve planting in a criminal case same damp soil and put into together cave, note keeping root system not expose, then with the wet soil digging out in cave, tamp, 1 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings of every cave.
Four, field management
1, intertill and clean tillage and fertilising: plant seedling 4 leaf after dates, depending on weed growth situation, weed out the rank grass in time; Fertilising be take base manure as main, and it is auxiliary topdressing, and in the seedling later stage, sprays composite fertilizer, and its fertilizing method is: be evenly sprayed onto on seedling, then rinse once with clear water, with unburned seedling;
2, the extermination of disease and insect pest: arrow-leaved oleaster is is mainly prevented and treated arrow-leaved oleaster wood louse, its method is:, dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate fast with Kothrin, Chlorphenamidine or desinsection mixes and carry out ultra low volume spray with agricultural diesel oil 1:1.
Further, in described fertilising process, should generally adopt sulphate composite fertilizer depending on plant growing way, avoid using of chlorate fertilizer.
Compare with existing arrow-leaved oleaster method for planting, beneficial effect of the present invention is: adopt the saline and alkaline field narrow-leaved oleaster of planting, solve the problem of land resources waste, realize environmental protection and energy saving and economic benefit; Before sowing, carry out seed treatment, adopt dressing seed method, percentage of seedgermination is high, best in quality pure.
Embodiment
For technical scheme of the present invention is described, below in conjunction with example, be further described.
Embodiment 1
The method for planting of saline-alkali soil narrow-leaved oleaster high yield, specifically comprises the steps:
One, seeding and seedling raising
1, seedling is processed: select kind pure good arrow-leaved oleaster seed, with 50～60 ℃ of emerge in worm water 2～3 days, pull the thiophanate methyl wetting powder seed dressing of rear use 40% out, then mix and be placed on area without shade moisturizing vernalization with horsehit, after splitting mouth, 30～40% seeds can sow, wherein, the thiophanate methyl wetting powder of 40% described in 3g for per kilogram seed;
2, seeding and seedling raising: arrow-leaved oleaster is grown seedlings and adopted land for growing field crops formula drilling, 25 centimetres of line-spacings, 3～5 centimetres of sowing depth, every meter of seed furrow is sowed 80～100, and the every mu of 40 jin of left and right of sowing, broadcast rear earthing, early June thinning, 7 centimetres of spacings, every mu of 3～40,000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings;
3, cuttage and seedling culture: epicormic branch cuttage should be selected when late summer to early autumn, plant strain growth was vigorous to carry out, selects raw sturdy branch then as cuttings, after branch is cut, to choose sturdy position, is cut into 5～15 centimeters long one section, and every section will be with 3 above leaf segments; While carrying out cuttage, after early spring, temperature went up, choose healthy and strong branch and do cuttings, every section of cuttings retains 3～4 joints conventionally;
4, layering seedling growth: choose healthy and strong branch, from following about 15～30 centimeters of the top tip, bark is peeled off to a circle, the wound width after stripping is one centimeter of left and right, the degree of depth is just to peel epidermis to be limited off, the film that clip one block length is 10～20 centimeters, wide 5～8 centimeters, puts the garden mould drenching a bit above, and the position of band girdle is packed together, tighten at the two ends up and down of film, intermediate muster, takes root after approximately four to six weeks, after taking root, branch limit root system is cut together, just become a new plant;
Two, seedling management
1, temperature: the optimum temperature of cuttage rooting is 20 ℃～30 ℃, lower than 20 ℃, cuttage rooting difficulty, slow; Higher than 30 ℃, upper and lower two clips of cuttings are easily subject to infection process and rot, and temperature is higher, and rotten ratio is larger, and while running into low temperature after cuttage, the measure of insulation is mainly to wrap being used for flowerpot or the container of cuttage with film; After cuttage, temperature is too during high temperature, and the measure of cooling is mainly to shade to cuttings, hide 50～80% of sunlight,, to cuttings, spray meanwhile, every day 3～5 times, the number of times of the higher spray of fine day temperature is also more, and overcast and rainy temperature lower temperature is larger, and the number of times of spray sprays less or not;
2, humidity: must keep the relative moisture of air 75～85% after cuttage, the moisture that reduces cuttings by spraying evaporates: having under the condition of shading, to cuttings, sprays, and every day 3～5 times, the number of times of the higher spray of fine day temperature is more, and the number of times of the lower spray of overcast and rainy temperature sprays less or not;
3, illumination: sunlight must be covered to 50～80% after cuttage, after root system grows, more progressively remove shading net: during fine day 4:00 is except lower shading net every afternoon, shading net on the next morning 9:00 protecgulum;
Three, saline-alkali soil field field planting
1, process in land for growing field crops: the land for growing field crops rear ridging of turning over, and distance between the ridges 2m, pours water on ridge to completely moistening, then with plastic film, covers land for growing field crops, digs cave on plastic film, and cave spacing is 2～3m;
2, transplant: involve planting in a criminal case same damp soil and put into together cave, note keeping root system not expose, then with the wet soil digging out in cave, tamp, 1 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings of every cave.
Four, field management
1, intertill and clean tillage and fertilising: plant seedling 4 leaf after dates, weed out the rank grass in time; Fertilising be take base manure as main, and it is auxiliary topdressing, and in the seedling later stage, sprays composite fertilizer, and its fertilizing method is: be evenly sprayed onto on seedling, then rinse once with clear water, with unburned seedling;
2, the extermination of disease and insect pest: arrow-leaved oleaster is is mainly prevented and treated arrow-leaved oleaster wood louse, its method is:, dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate fast with Kothrin, Chlorphenamidine or desinsection mixes and carry out ultra low volume spray with agricultural diesel oil 1:1.
This example composite fertilizer used Wei ?ammonium compound fertilizer fertile with mixing of urea.
The narrow-leaved oleaster that technical solution of the present invention is planted, grows fine, excellent quality, and fruit is full mellow and full, and color and luster is vivid, is not retrievable Chinese medicinal material.By technical solution of the present invention, also realized effective utilization in saline and alkaline field, both reduced the cost of soil melioration, also obtained huge economic benefit.
Claims (2)
1. the method for planting of saline-alkali soil narrow-leaved oleaster high yield, is characterized in that: described method for planting comprises the steps:
One, seeding and seedling raising
(1) seedling is processed: select kind pure good arrow-leaved oleaster seed, with 50～60 ℃ of emerge in worm water 2～3 days, pull the thiophanate methyl wetting powder seed dressing of rear use 40% out, then mix and be placed on area without shade moisturizing vernalization with horsehit, after splitting mouth, 30～40% seeds can sow, wherein, the thiophanate methyl wetting powder of 40% described in 3g for per kilogram seed;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: arrow-leaved oleaster is grown seedlings and adopted land for growing field crops formula drilling, 25 centimetres of line-spacings, 3～5 centimetres of sowing depth, every meter of seed furrow is sowed 80～100, and the every mu of 40 jin of left and right of sowing, broadcast rear earthing, early June thinning, 7 centimetres of spacings, every mu of 3～40,000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings;
(3) cuttage and seedling culture: epicormic branch cuttage should be selected when late summer to early autumn, plant strain growth was vigorous to carry out, selects raw sturdy branch then as cuttings, after branch is cut, to choose sturdy position, is cut into 5～15 centimeters long one section, and every section will be with 3 above leaf segments; While carrying out cuttage, after early spring, temperature went up, choose healthy and strong branch and do cuttings, every section of cuttings retains 3～4 joints conventionally;
(4) layering seedling growth: choose healthy and strong branch, from following about 15～30 centimeters of the top tip, bark is peeled off to a circle, the wound width after stripping is one centimeter of left and right, the degree of depth is just to peel epidermis to be limited off, the film that clip one block length is 10～20 centimeters, wide 5～8 centimeters, puts the garden mould drenching a bit above, and the position of band girdle is packed together, tighten at the two ends up and down of film, intermediate muster, takes root after approximately four to six weeks, after taking root, branch limit root system is cut together, just become a new plant;
Two, seedling management
(1) temperature: the optimum temperature of cuttage rooting is 20 ℃～30 ℃, lower than 20 ℃, cuttage rooting difficulty, slow; Higher than 30 ℃, upper and lower two clips of cuttings are easily subject to infection process and rot, and temperature is higher, and rotten ratio is larger, and while running into low temperature after cuttage, the measure of insulation is mainly to wrap being used for flowerpot or the container of cuttage with film; After cuttage, temperature is too during high temperature, and the measure of cooling is mainly to shade to cuttings, hide 50～80% of sunlight,, to cuttings, spray meanwhile, every day 3～5 times, the number of times of the higher spray of fine day temperature is also more, and overcast and rainy temperature lower temperature is larger, and the number of times of spray sprays less or not;
(2) humidity: must keep the relative moisture of air 75～85% after cuttage, the moisture that reduces cuttings by spraying evaporates: having under the condition of shading, to cuttings, spray, every day 3～5 times, the number of times of the higher spray of fine day temperature is more, and the number of times of the lower spray of overcast and rainy temperature sprays less or not;
(3) illumination: sunlight must be covered to 50～80% after cuttage, after root system grows, more progressively remove shading net: during fine day 4:00 is except lower shading net every afternoon, shading net on the next morning 9:00 protecgulum;
Three, saline-alkali soil field field planting
(1) process in land for growing field crops: the land for growing field crops rear ridging of turning over, and distance between the ridges 2m, pours water on ridge to completely moistening, then with plastic film, covers land for growing field crops, digs cave on plastic film, and cave spacing is 2～3m;
(2) transplant: involve planting in a criminal case same damp soil and put into together cave, note keeping root system not expose, then with the wet soil digging out in cave, tamp, 1 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings of every cave.
Four, field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage and fertilising: plant seedling 4 leaf after dates, depending on weed growth situation, weed out the rank grass in time; Fertilising be take base manure as main, and it is auxiliary topdressing, and in the seedling later stage, sprays composite fertilizer, and its fertilizing method is: be evenly sprayed onto on seedling, then rinse once with clear water, with unburned seedling;
(2) extermination of disease and insect pest: arrow-leaved oleaster is is mainly prevented and treated arrow-leaved oleaster wood louse, its method is:, dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate fast with Kothrin, Chlorphenamidine or desinsection mixes and carry out ultra low volume spray with agricultural diesel oil 1:1.
2. the method for planting of saline-alkali soil narrow-leaved oleaster high yield as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described field management step, in described fertilising process, adopt sulphate composite fertilizer, avoid using of chlorate fertilizer.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104620921A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-20 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Rapid propagation method for jujubes |
| CN105104053A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | Pawpaw high-yield planting method |
| CN105104086A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 山东师范大学 | Method for increasing emergence rate and seedling rate of wild olive seeds in inland saline-alkali soil |
| CN110800541A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-02-18 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Seedling raising and afforestation method for nitraria tangutorum bobr in desert area |
| CN111788948A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-10-20 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for raising seedlings of Xinjiang big-fruit narrow-leaved oleaster in saline-alkali soil by cutting in nutrient cup |
| CN115053773A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-16 | 宋振华 | Seedling-protecting drought-resisting high-yield high-quality cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in platycodonaceae |
-
2013
- 2013-11-11 CN CN201310557934.0A patent/CN103598053A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104620921A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-20 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Rapid propagation method for jujubes |
| CN105104053A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | Pawpaw high-yield planting method |
| CN105104086A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 山东师范大学 | Method for increasing emergence rate and seedling rate of wild olive seeds in inland saline-alkali soil |
| CN105104086B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-06-30 | 山东师范大学 | It is a kind of to improve the method that arrow-leaved oleaster seed is emerged with seedling in inland salt-soda soil |
| CN110800541A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-02-18 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Seedling raising and afforestation method for nitraria tangutorum bobr in desert area |
| CN111788948A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-10-20 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for raising seedlings of Xinjiang big-fruit narrow-leaved oleaster in saline-alkali soil by cutting in nutrient cup |
| CN115053773A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-16 | 宋振华 | Seedling-protecting drought-resisting high-yield high-quality cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in platycodonaceae |
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