CN108651074A - Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan - Google Patents

Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108651074A
CN108651074A CN201810142210.2A CN201810142210A CN108651074A CN 108651074 A CN108651074 A CN 108651074A CN 201810142210 A CN201810142210 A CN 201810142210A CN 108651074 A CN108651074 A CN 108651074A
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China
Prior art keywords
seedling
smile
face
taiwan
container
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CN201810142210.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
任全进
周冬琴
于金平
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Nanjing Tianhe Garden Construction Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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Nanjing Tianhe Garden Construction Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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Priority to CN201810142210.2A priority Critical patent/CN108651074A/en
Publication of CN108651074A publication Critical patent/CN108651074A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

Abstract

The invention discloses the container seedling culture method that germplasm is had a smile on one's face in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan, this method includes seed collection and storage, matrix preparation, seeding and seedling raising, foster in seedling greenhouse, big specification seedling open country is cultivated.The method of the present invention not only increases the emergence rate that seed is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan, while corresponding specification has also been made to subtleties such as container nursery, cultivation management measures, shortens the cultivating seedlings time, and the nursery stock regularity of cultivation is high.

Description

Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant reproduction, and in particular to a kind of Taiwan have a smile on one's face (Michelia compressa) germplasm Container seedling culture method.
Background technology
(Michelia compressa) also known as Taiwan white orchid, gold zone tree, black cardiolith (Taiwan) are had a smile on one's face in Taiwan, for wood Orchid family Michelia aiphyllium originates in Taiwan and the southwestern Japan in China, is born in the evergreen wealthy of 200~2 600m of height above sea level more Ye Linzhong.Tree-like compact nearly coniform, the dark green and glossiness intensive shoot apex of blade is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan, formed the four seasons it is dark green and Dense tree crown, spends petite, and white distributes light perfume (or spice), has higher ornamental value.Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen was 80 years 20th century Just for the evergreen ornamental tree species for screening cold-resistant, the Taiwan for introducing a collection of 2~triennial was had a smile on one's face seedling, was transplanted respectively in botanical garden generation In interior rosery and two, Chinese ilex garden Botanical Garden.Two plant places are leeward to face south, and irrigation and drainage are convenient.It is resistance to by more than 30 years Cold domestication, has yielded positive results, and show well adapting to property and ornamental value.It is sent out in winter without branches and leaves freeze injury phenomenon Raw, cold resistance is better than the Michelia maudiae belonged to, Michelia chapensis and spends more with a smile；In the case where summer, nearly 30d did not had precipitation, according to Green is so kept, does not show the non-irrigated state phenomenon such as fallen leaves, yellow leaf.By expanding numerous popularization, Taiwan is entirely possible to become Jiangsu with a smile Area substitutes the excellent green tree species of cinnamomum camphora.
Since early stage Taiwan has a smile on one's face that elite stand quantity is few, and seedsetting rate is low, seed is not easy to sprout, not shelf-stable, mainly by transferring Equal vegetative propagations are connect, it is substantially identical vegetative progeny with a smile to lead to Taiwan currently on the market.With the increase of physiological age, Vegetative propagation survival rate substantially reduces.And recent years, the Taiwan seedsetting rate set greatly of growing up with a smile are substantially steady, are educated by sowing Seedling can provide new gene for market, and having a smile on one's face germplasm for Taiwan provides new excellent cold-resistant strain.
Container nursery is a kind of nursery stock production mode compared with convenient and efficient, and technical measures have：(1) seed is harvested： Fruit ripe season harvests seed；(2) wash seeds：The seed of harvesting back cleans up exosper and mesosperm by stack retting, Then it is placed at shady and cool ventilation and dries；(3) seed sand storage：After seed dries, clean seed is pressed one layer of sand one with husky The lamination sand storage method of layer seed is placed dry shady place and is stored；(4) it selects to garden and seeding and seedling raising：It is by garden deep before sowing It turns over, uses sufficient base manure, soil is mixed thoroughly, make seedbed.Take broadcast sowing, drilling or program request form sowing, sprinkle profoundly water, keep moistening.(5) The preparation of matrix and container：Suitable matrix and container are selected, matrix is put into container；(6) sprout is transplanted：Insemination and emergence is extremely Two panels cotyledon is transplanted seedlings when being unfolded；(7) maintenance of container seedling：Routinely container seedling maintenance process carries out tending management.
Traditional Container nursery technique needs to extend the cultivation time limit of nursery stock to sowing the seed in spring by sand storage；It is sowing There is a process for transplanting after emergence, it is time-consuming and laborious, and it is easy to damage when transplanting the root system of nursery stock, reduce nursery stock Survival rate.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that seed receptacle nursery is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan, this method not only increases Taiwan The emergence rate of seed with a smile, while corresponding specification is had also been made to subtleties such as container nursery, cultivation management measures, shorten seedling Wood is cultivated the time, and the nursery stock regularity of cultivation is high.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be accomplished by the following way：
The container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan, this method includes seed collection and prepared by storage, matrix, It is fostered in seeding and seedling raising, seedling greenhouse, big specification seedling open country is cultivated；Wherein,
Above-mentioned seeding and seedling raising is：Using plastics planting bag, matrix is filled, the seed of harvesting is broadcast by the end of December in for the year Kind, each polybag broadcasts 2~4 seeds, after planting polybag is neatly placed in the ground of greenhouse, and cover one layer and broadcast Kind non-woven fabrics and one layer of sunshade net, again property fully sprinkle profoundly water；
Fostered in above-mentioned seedling greenhouse for：Late Febuary in next year gos up with temperature, takes the sunshade net on container seedling off, it Afterwards, spray is primary permeable weekly, and Taiwan has a smile on one's face seedling cotyledon and starts to be unearthed after 2 weeks, removes non-woven fabrics；Foliage-spray one arrives Organic fertilizer is mixed twice applies a small amount of composite fertilizer；Mid-April, seed germination was basically completed, at this point, for the emergence situation of each container It carries out thinning and fills the gaps with seedlings, ensure the seedling for preserving one plant of growing way stalwartness in each polybag；Taiwan was had a smile on one's face seedling and was grown substantially June When 2 complete leaves, light transmittance is selected to carry out necessary shading for 70~80% sunshade net, greenhouse keeps good ventilation shape State, the strong weather of illumination, morning and afternoon respectively increase 1-2 spray number；August part seedling grows 4-5 piece spires substantially；September will The pouring mode of leaf be changed to pour weekly 1-2 times it is permeable, while taking sunshade net away, receive the hardening of full exposure；Enter winter gas After temperature declines, in the built-in Small plastic shed of daylight vinyl house, to ensure seedling safe overwintering；The beginning of spring in third year waits for that temperature is stablized To after 5 DEG C or more, remove Small plastic shed, by the way of full exposure spray culture, high temperature period (temperature is 20 DEG C or more) pays attention to Good ventilation in greenhouse is kept, spray 3-4 times, 3-5 minutes each daily；Between 6-8 months, a mass concentration is monthly carried out 0.3%~0.35% urea liquid foliage spray；The confession that moisture is reduced after September part gives to control Seedling height；After entering the winter, hold Device seedling can in natural lighting greenhouse safe overwintering；The seedling height of growth 2 years reaches 20-50cm in greenhouse；
Above-mentioned big specification seedling open country, which is cultivated, is：The Taiwan of triennial has a smile on one's face seedling and enters Fast-growing stage, and early March will pass through children Seedling greenhouse fosters 2 years raw container seedlings that the phase cultivates to migrate in control root container, and progress open country cultivation is applied in cultivation matrix when transplanting Enter the composite fertilizer of mass concentration 1%~1.2%；April-, May, leaf bud was sprouted, the lateral bud that base portion of erasing in time is sprouted；Between the 5-8 months, The foliage spray of 1 0.3%~0.35% concentration urea liquid is monthly carried out, watering uses sprinkling irrigation mode；Late August stops leaf Container seedling is irregularly rotated 180 °, in the shade face is allowed to receive the irradiation of more sunlight by face top dressing；After the cultivation of 4-5, Container seedling trunk diameter is had a smile on one's face averagely in 3.5cm or more in Taiwan, and plant height is average at 2.5 meters or more.
Above-mentioned seed collection and storage are specially：By the end of October fruit is harvested when pericarp becomes red from green to mid-November It is real, it is placed 1-2 weeks as shady place after fruit harvesting, removes exosper and mesosperm obtains seed；Preferred growth gesture is strong, sets Shape rectifies, to have a smile on one's face single plant be seed collecting elite stand in the Taiwan of no disease and pests harm, the age of tree 20 years or more.
Above-mentioned matrix preparation includes the following steps：Using the combination of peat, vermiculite and garden mould, by volume 1~1.2:1~ 1.2:2~2.2 ratio is prepared, and appropriate decomposed organic fertilizer is added and stirs evenly；It is uniform in matrix in the ratio of 10g/kg It puddles into carbendazim medicament, carries out matrix and stack sterilizing；It is preferred that shifting to an earlier date 7 days in being prepared in greenhouse in sowing media.
The above-mentioned preferred specification of control root container is 30cm × 50cm.
Above-mentioned seeding and seedling raising is preferably 10cm × 10cm using the specification of plastics planting bag.
Above-mentioned big specification seedling open country cultivates the cultivation matrix preferably used as peat, garden mould, rice husk and decomposed manure, presses 1~1.2:2~2.2:2~2.2:0.1~0.2 volume ratio mixed preparing.Decomposed manure refer to various fresh livestock wastes and Gasket materials mix, under sealing or closed environmental condition, the fertilizer through high temperature or normal temperature fermentation completion.
Beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art：
1. seedling raising process requires the production for strictly reaching commercialization nursery stock to sport technique segments such as seed collection, matrix disinfections Quarantine request；For the different phase feature of cultivation of container seedling, using rational base manure, foliage dressing, moisture supply, trimming etc. Technical solution improves the commodity rate of high-quality container seedling, reaches efficient, energy-efficient purpose.Such as, the seed of current year harvesting is directly broadcast In kind to container, the seedling-growing time of seed is accelerated, reduces by garden insemination and emergence and is transplanted to the manpower and materials in container again Cost improves the survival rate of seedling, and survival rate of seedling of the invention reaches 95% or more, shortens Taiwan and has a smile on one's face cultivating seedlings The time in 6 months or so time limit.
2. the growth characteristics being had a smile on one's face for Taiwan and local weather conditions, have a smile on one's face cultivation of container seedling by Taiwan and are divided into 2 Stage, i.e., seedling fosters phase and big specification seedling open country nurturing period in greenhouse, effectively avoids winter low temperature and is possible to seedling Caused by injure, improve seedling growth speed, shorten the nurturing period of engineering seedling：1st stage is planted using specific facility The mode of training extends the seedling growth phase, avoids water, the uneven adverse effect to growth of seedling of temperature under the conditions of outdoor cropping, prevents The only winter low temperature cold damage of seedling.Taiwan seedling enters Fast-growing stage when the 2nd stage, with the growth of seedling age, the cold-resistant of nursery stock Property significantly improve, which carries out the mode of specific open country control root container culturing, and the nursery stock regularity of cultivation is high, seedling quality It is excellent.The cultivation that seedling passes through 4-5 is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan in the present invention, and trunk diameter is averaged in 3.5cm or more, and open country field production It is only 1-3cm etc. with age seedling stem diameter.
Specific implementation mode
Below by way of specific embodiment, invention is further explained：
Embodiment 1：
One, maternal plants select, collecting fruit：
In In Nanjing, the Taiwan of plantation is big with a smile sets, solid to have apparent biennial bearing phenomenon, therefore growth selection gesture It is strong, tree-like rectify, the fine individual plant of no disease and pests harm, the age of tree 20 years or more is seed collecting elite stand.The florescence is had a smile on one's face as March to 4 in Taiwan Month, October, fruit was ripe successively, by the end of October to being best period that seed collection is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan by the end of November, waited for pericarp from green Become to be harvested when peony , Follicle radish fruits have part to start to split automatically.After fruit harvesting 1-2 is placed as shady place Be conducive to the Nutrient Transformation in pulp and seed afterripening in week.Fruit after placement is removed into exosper and mesosperm, is chosen Full seed is sowed.
Two, seeding and seedling raisings
Sowing media shifts to an earlier date 7d in being prepared in greenhouse, and matrix uses the combination of peat, vermiculite and garden mould, and by volume 1:1: 2 ratio is prepared, and appropriate conventional decomposed manure is added and stirs evenly；Uniformly puddled in matrix in the ratio of 10g/kg into Carbendazim medicament carries out matrix and stacks sterilizing；Using the plastics planting bag of 10cm × 10cm, the matrix prepared in advance is installed, It is sowed by the end of December in for the year, each polybag broadcasts 2 seeds, after planting polybag is neatly placed in the ground of greenhouse On, and one layer of sowing non-woven fabrics and one layer of sunshade net are covered, property fully sprinkles profoundly water again.
Three, cultivation of container seedling
1. fostering the phase in seedling greenhouse
Late Febuary in next year gos up with temperature, takes the sunshade net on container seedling off, and later, spray is primary permeable weekly, warp Taiwan has a smile on one's face seedling cotyledon and starts to be unearthed after 2 weeks, removes non-woven fabrics in time；Foliage-spray one is applied on a small quantity to organic fertilizer twice is mixed Composite fertilizer.Mid-April, seed germination was basically completed, at this point, carrying out thinning for the emergence situation of each container and filling the gaps with seedlings, was ensured The seedling of one plant of growing way stalwartness is preserved in each polybag；When Taiwan had a smile on one's face seedling and grew 2 complete leaves substantially June, selection is saturating The sunshade net that light rate is 75% carries out necessary shading, and greenhouse is kept for good ventilation state, the strong weather of illumination, morning and afternoon Each to increase 1-2 spray, August part seedling grows 4-5 piece spires substantially；The pouring mode of leaf is changed to pour weekly by September 1-2 times permeable, while taking sunshade net away, receives the hardening of full exposure.
After entering winter mercury dropped, in the built-in Small plastic shed of daylight vinyl house, to ensure seedling safe overwintering.
The beginning of spring in third year removes Small plastic shed after temperature is stabilized to 5 DEG C or more, by the way of full exposure spray culture, High temperature period pays attention to keeping good ventilation in greenhouse, spray 3-4 times daily, 3-5 minutes each；Between 6-8 months, monthly carry out One time 0.3% urea liquid foliage spray.The supply that moisture is reduced after September part, controls Seedling height.After entering the winter, container seedling Can in natural lighting greenhouse safe overwintering.The seedling height of growth 2 years reaches 20-50cm in greenhouse, and blade has 12-22 pieces.
2. the big specification seedling open country nurturing period
The Taiwan of triennial has a smile on one's face seedling and enters Fast-growing stage, and early March will foster lifes in 2 years of phase cultivation by seedling greenhouse It is that 30cm × 50cm is controlled in root container that container seedling, which migrates to specification, carries out open country cultivation.Cultivation matrix uses peat+garden mould+rice Shell+decomposed manure, by 1:2:2:0.1 volume ratio mixed preparing applies 1% composite fertilizer when transplanting.April-, May, leaf bud was sprouted Lateral bud dynamic, that base portion of erasing in time is sprouted.Between the 5-8 months, the foliage spray of 1 0.3% concentration urea liquid, watering are monthly carried out Using sprinkling irrigation mode；Late August stops foliage spray, and container seedling is irregularly rotated 180 °, in the shade face is allowed to receive more sun The irradiation of light.After cultivation in 4 years, it is average in 3.5cm or more that container seedling trunk diameter is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan, plant height it is average 2.5 meters with On, overall growing way regularity is high, and the plant height of group 85% is all between 2.5-3 meters.
This section of Seedling in Stage has 2 summit of growth for 1 year, is the 5-6 months and the 9-10 months respectively, and average annual height increament is 30- 60cm.With the growth of seedling age, Taiwan is had a smile on one's face seedling and is significantly increased to winter low temperature resistance, and seedling raw 1-2 reveals in Nanjing Its overwintering cold mortality is 80%, and the seedling more than triennial that the present embodiment method is cultivated is in Nanjing outdoor wintering cold mortality Only 5%, the semilethal low temperature that 5 years small seedling leafs of life are measured by cryogenic freezing method indoors reaches -16 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
One, maternal plants select, collecting fruit：
In In Nanjing, the Taiwan of plantation is big with a smile sets, solid to have apparent biennial bearing phenomenon, therefore growth selection gesture It is strong, tree-like rectify, the fine individual plant of no disease and pests harm, the age of tree 20 years or more is seed collecting elite stand.The florescence is had a smile on one's face as March to 4 in Taiwan Month, October, fruit was ripe successively, by the end of October to being best period that seed collection is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan by the end of November, waited for pericarp from green Become to be harvested when peony , Follicle radish fruits have part to start to split automatically.After fruit harvesting 1-2 is placed as shady place Be conducive to the Nutrient Transformation in pulp and seed afterripening in week.Fruit after placement is removed into exosper and mesosperm, is chosen Full seed is sowed.
Two, seeding and seedling raisings
Sowing media shifts to an earlier date 7d in being prepared in greenhouse, and matrix uses the combination of peat, vermiculite and garden mould, and by volume 1:1: 2 ratio is prepared, and appropriate conventional decomposed manure is added and stirs evenly；Uniformly puddled in matrix in the ratio of 10g/kg into Carbendazim medicament carries out matrix and stacks sterilizing；Using the plastics planting bag of 10cm × 10cm, the matrix prepared in advance is installed, It is sowed by the end of December in for the year, each polybag broadcasts 3 seeds, after planting polybag is neatly placed in the ground of greenhouse On, and one layer of sowing non-woven fabrics and one layer of sunshade net are covered, property fully sprinkles profoundly water again.
Three, cultivation of container seedling
1. fostering the phase in seedling greenhouse
Late Febuary in next year gos up with temperature, takes the sunshade net on container seedling off, and later, spray is primary permeable weekly, warp Taiwan has a smile on one's face seedling cotyledon and starts to be unearthed after 2 weeks, removes non-woven fabrics in time；Foliage-spray one is applied on a small quantity to organic fertilizer twice is mixed Composite fertilizer.Mid-April, seed germination was basically completed, at this point, carrying out thinning for the emergence situation of each container and filling the gaps with seedlings, was ensured The seedling of one plant of growing way stalwartness is preserved in each polybag；When Taiwan had a smile on one's face seedling and grew 2 complete leaves substantially June, selection is saturating The sunshade net that light rate is 80% carries out necessary shading, and greenhouse keeps good ventilation state, in the strong weather increase of illumination Respectively increase 1-2 spray number afternoon.August part seedling grows 4-5 piece spires substantially；September changes the pouring mode of leaf It is permeable to pour 1-2 times weekly, while taking sunshade net away, receive the hardening of full exposure.
After entering winter mercury dropped, in the built-in Small plastic shed of daylight vinyl house, to ensure seedling safe overwintering.
The beginning of spring in third year removes Small plastic shed after temperature is stabilized to 5 degree or more, by the way of full exposure spray culture, High temperature period pays attention to keeping good ventilation in greenhouse, spray 3-4 times daily, 3-5 minutes each；Between 6-8 months, monthly carry out One time 0.35% urea liquid foliage spray.The supply that moisture is reduced after September part, controls Seedling height.After entering the winter, container seedling Can in natural lighting greenhouse safe overwintering.The seedling height of growth 2 years reaches 20-50cm in greenhouse, and blade has 12-22 pieces.
2. the big specification seedling open country nurturing period
The Taiwan of triennial has a smile on one's face seedling and enters Fast-growing stage, and early March will foster lifes in 2 years of phase cultivation by seedling greenhouse It is that 30cm × 50cm is controlled in root container that container seedling, which migrates to specification, carries out open country cultivation.Cultivation matrix uses peat+garden mould+rice Shell+decomposed manure, by 1.2:2:2:0.1 volume ratio mixed preparing applies 1% composite fertilizer when transplanting.April-, May, leaf bud was sprouted Lateral bud dynamic, that base portion of erasing in time is sprouted.Between the 5-8 months, the foliage spray of 1 0.3% concentration urea liquid, watering are monthly carried out Using sprinkling irrigation mode.Late August stops foliage spray, and container seedling is rotated 180 ° at regular intervals, in the shade face is allowed to receive The irradiation of more sunlight.After cultivation in 5 years, container seedling trunk diameter is had a smile on one's face averagely in 3.5cm or more in Taiwan, and plant height is average to exist 2.5 meters or more, overall growing way regularity is high, and the plant height of group 85% is all between 2.5-3 meters.
This section of Seedling in Stage has 2 summit of growth for 1 year, is the 5-6 months and the 9-10 months respectively, and average annual height increament is 30- 60cm.With the growth of seedling age, seedling significantly increases winter low temperature resistance, and seedling raw 1-2 is in Nanjing outdoor wintering Cold mortality is 80%, and the seedling more than triennial that method is cultivated through this embodiment is only in Nanjing outdoor wintering cold mortality 5%, the semilethal low temperature that 5 years small seedling leafs of life are measured by cryogenic freezing method indoors reaches -16 DEG C.

Claims (8)

1. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan, it is characterised in that this method include seed collection and storage, Matrix preparation, seeding and seedling raising, foster in seedling greenhouse, big specification seedling open country is cultivated；Wherein,
The seeding and seedling raising is：Using plastics planting bag, matrix is filled, the seed of harvesting is sowed by the end of December in for the year, Each polybag broadcasts 2 ~ 4 seeds, after planting polybag is neatly placed in the ground of greenhouse, and covers one layer of sowing and use Non-woven fabrics and one layer of sunshade net, again property fully sprinkle profoundly water；
Fostered in the seedling greenhouse for：Late Febuary in next year gos up with temperature, takes the sunshade net on container seedling off, later, Spray is primary permeable weekly, and Taiwan has a smile on one's face seedling cotyledon and starts to be unearthed after 2 weeks, removes non-woven fabrics；Foliage-spray one to two Secondary organic fertilizer is mixed to apply a small amount of composite fertilizer；Mid-April, seed germination was basically completed, at this point, for each container emergence situation into It in the ranks seedling and fills the gaps with seedlings, ensures the seedling for preserving one plant of growing way stalwartness in each polybag；Taiwan had a smile on one's face seedling and grew 2 substantially June When piece complete leaf, light transmittance is selected to carry out necessary shading for 70 ~ 80% sunshade net, greenhouse keeps good ventilation state, light According to strong weather, morning and afternoon respectively increases 1-2 spray；August part seedling grows 4-5 piece spires substantially；September is by leaf Pouring mode be changed to pour weekly 1-2 times it is permeable, while taking sunshade net away, receive the hardening of full exposure；After entering winter mercury dropped, In the built-in Small plastic shed of daylight vinyl house, to ensure seedling safe overwintering；The beginning of spring in third year, after temperature is stabilized to 5 DEG C or more, Remove Small plastic shed, by the way of full exposure spray culture, keeps good ventilation in greenhouse, daily spray 3-4 times, each 3- 5 minutes；Between 6-8 months, the urea liquid foliage spray of a mass concentration 0.3% ~ 0.35% is monthly carried out；It is reduced after September part The supply of moisture；After entering the winter, container seedling can in natural lighting greenhouse safe overwintering；The seedling of growth 2 years is high in greenhouse Degree reaches 20-50cm；
The big specification seedling open country is cultivated：The Taiwan of triennial has a smile on one's face seedling and enters Fast-growing stage, and early March will pass through seedling Greenhouse fosters 2 years raw container seedlings that the phase cultivates to migrate in control root container, and progress open country cultivation is applied in cultivation matrix when transplanting The composite fertilizer of mass concentration 1% ~ 1.2%；April-, May, leaf bud was sprouted, the lateral bud that base portion of erasing in time is sprouted；Between the 5-8 months, monthly into The foliage spray of 1 0.3% ~ 0.35% concentration urea liquid of row, watering use sprinkling irrigation mode；Late August stops foliage spray, no Container seedling is periodically rotated 180 °, in the shade face is allowed to receive the irradiation of more sunlight；After the cultivation of 4-5, Taiwan is had a smile on one's face Container seedling trunk diameter is average in 3.5cm or more, and plant height is average at 2.5 meters or more.
2. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in cold-resistant Taiwan according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the seed Harvesting and storage are specially：By the end of October to mid-November when picking fruit when pericarp becomes red from green, fruit are had a smile on one's face in Taiwan It is placed 1-2 weeks as shady place after harvesting, removes exosper and mesosperm obtains seed.
3. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in cold-resistant Taiwan according to claim 2, it is characterised in that growth selection gesture It is strong, tree-like rectify, to have a smile on one's face single plant be seed collecting elite stand in the Taiwan of no disease and pests harm, the age of tree 20 years or more.
4. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in cold-resistant Taiwan according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the matrix Preparation includes the following steps：Using peat, vermiculite and garden mould, by volume 1 ~ 1.2:1~1.2:2 ~ 2.2 ratio is prepared, and is added Appropriate decomposed organic fertilizer stirs evenly；It is uniformly puddled into carbendazim medicament in matrix in the ratio of 10g/kg, carries out matrix Stack sterilizing.
5. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in the cold-resistant Taiwan described in claim 4, it is characterised in that carried in sowing media First 7 days in greenhouse in preparing.
6. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in cold-resistant Taiwan according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the control root Containers size is 30cm × 50cm.
7. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in cold-resistant Taiwan according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sowing Nursery uses the specification of plastics planting bag for 10cm × 10cm.
8. the container seedling culture method of germplasm is had a smile on one's face in cold-resistant Taiwan according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the big rule Lattice seedling open country cultivates the cultivation matrix used for peat, garden mould, rice husk and decomposed manure, by 1 ~ 1.2:2~2.2:2~2.2: 0.1 ~ 0.2 volume ratio mixed preparing.
CN201810142210.2A 2018-02-11 2018-02-11 Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan Pending CN108651074A (en)

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Application publication date: 20181016