CN108651074A - Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the container seedling culture method that germplasm is had a smile on one's face in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan, this method includes seed collection and storage, matrix preparation, seeding and seedling raising, foster in seedling greenhouse, big specification seedling open country is cultivated.The method of the present invention not only increases the emergence rate that seed is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan, while corresponding specification has also been made to subtleties such as container nursery, cultivation management measures, shortens the cultivating seedlings time, and the nursery stock regularity of cultivation is high.

Description

A container breeding method for cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant propagation, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings in containers of Taiwan Michelia compressa germplasm.

Background technique

Michelia compressa, also known as Taiwan white orchid, yellow heart tree, black heart stone (Taiwan), is an evergreen tree of the Magnoliaceae Michelia genus, native to Taiwan in my country and southwestern Japan, mostly at an altitude of 200-2 600m in evergreen broad-leaved forests. The Taiwan Michelle tree is compact and nearly conical, with dense green and shiny leaves on the top of the branches, forming a green and dense crown in all seasons. The flowers are petite and white with a light fragrance, which has high ornamental value. In the early 1980s, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden introduced a batch of 2- to 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings in order to select cold-resistant evergreen ornamental tree species, and planted them in two special gardens in the botanical garden, the rose garden and the holly garden. The two planting locations are both leeward and sunny, which is convenient for drainage and irrigation. After more than 30 years of cold-resistant domestication, all have blossomed and bear fruit, and have shown good adaptability and ornamental value. In winter, there is no freezing damage to branches and leaves, and the cold resistance is better than that of Mishan Michelia, Lechang Michelia and Duohua Michelia in the same genus; in the case of no precipitation for nearly 30 days in summer, it still remains green, and does not show dry conditions such as fallen leaves and yellow leaves. . Through multiplication and promotion, Taiwan Michelia is entirely possible to become an excellent greening tree species to replace camphor in Jiangsu.

Due to the small number of Taiwan Michelia mother trees in the early days, the seed setting rate was low, the seeds were not easy to germinate, and they were not resistant to storage. They mainly reproduced asexually through grafting, etc., so the Taiwan Michelle trees on the market are basically the same asexual offspring. With the increase of physiological age, the survival rate of asexual reproduction is greatly reduced. In recent years, the seed setting rate of adult Michelia trees in Taiwan has been basically stable. Through sowing and raising seedlings, new genetic genes can be provided for the market, and new excellent cold-resistant strains can be provided for the germplasm of Taiwan Michelia.

Container seedling cultivation is a more convenient and efficient seedling production method. The main technical measures are: (1) Harvesting seeds: harvesting seeds during the fruit ripening season; Clean the seed coat and middle seed coat, and then put them in a cool and ventilated place to dry; (3) Seed sand storage: After the seeds are dried, store the washed seeds and sand in a layer of sand and layer of seeds. (4) Nursery site selection and sowing and seedling raising: Before sowing, the nursery site will be deeply plowed, enough base fertilizer will be applied, and the soil will be mixed well to make a seedbed. Sow in the form of sowing, drilling or on-demand, and water thoroughly to keep it moist. (5) Preparation of substrate and container: select suitable substrate and container, and put the substrate into the container; (6) transplanting of sprouts: transplant seedlings when two cotyledon leaves are sown; (7) maintenance of container seedlings : Carry out tending management according to conventional container seedling maintenance methods.

The traditional container seedling cultivation technology needs to be stored in sand until spring sowing, which prolongs the cultivation period of seedlings; after sowing and emergence, there is a transplanting process, which is time-consuming and laborious, and it is easy to damage the root system of seedlings during transplanting, reducing the growth of seedlings. survival rate.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings in containers of Michelia taiwanensis, which not only improves the emergence rate of seeds of Michelia taiwanensis, but also regulates the subtleties of seedling raising in containers and cultivation management measures, so as to shorten the cultivation time of seedlings. time, the cultivated seedlings have high uniformity.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following manner:

A container seedling raising method for cold-resistant Taiwanese Michelia germplasm, the method includes seed harvesting and storage, substrate preparation, sowing and seedling raising, seedling tending in a greenhouse, and large-scale seedling cultivation in the open field; wherein,

The above sowing seedlings are as follows: use plastic planting bags, fill them with substrate, and sow the harvested seeds at the end of December of that year, sow 2 to 4 seeds in each plastic bag, and place the plastic bags neatly on the ground of the greenhouse after sowing. And cover a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully water it at one time;

The above-mentioned seedlings were reared in the greenhouse: in late February of the following year, as the temperature rose, the sunshade net on the container seedlings was removed, and then sprayed with water once a week. After 2 weeks, the cotyledons of Taiwan Michelia seedlings began to unearth, and the non-woven fabric was removed. ; Spray organic fertilizer once or twice on the leaves and mix with a small amount of compound fertilizer; Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. At this time, thinning and replenishing seedlings are carried out according to the emergence of each container to ensure that one plant grows in each plastic bag Strong seedlings; in June, when Taiwan Michelia seedlings basically grow 2 complete leaves, choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 70-80% for necessary shading, and keep the greenhouse in a good ventilation state. Increase the number of sprays by 1-2 times; in August, the seedlings basically grow 4-5 young leaves; Seedling hardening in full light; after the temperature drops in winter, build a small shed in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure the safe wintering of the seedlings; in the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5°C, remove the small shed and use full-light spray cultivation During the high temperature period (the temperature is above 20°C), pay attention to maintaining good ventilation in the greenhouse, spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time; from June to August, conduct a monthly mass concentration of 0.3%~ 0.35% urea solution for foliar topdressing; reduce water supply after September to control high growth; after winter, container seedlings can survive the winter safely in greenhouses under natural light; seedlings grown in greenhouses for two years can reach a height of 20-50cm;

The above-mentioned large-scale seedlings are cultivated in the open field: the 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings enter the fast-growing period, and in early March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that have been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse are transplanted into the root-controlling container for open-field cultivation. Add compound fertilizer with a mass concentration of 1% to 1.2%; leaf buds germinate from April to May, and remove the side buds that germinate at the base in time; from May to August, apply 0.3% to 0.35% concentration of urea solution on the leaves once a month Topdressing, watering with sprinkler irrigation; stop foliar topdressing in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° from time to time, so that the shady side can receive more sunlight; The average plant height is above 3.5cm, and the average plant height is above 2.5m.

The harvesting and storage of the above-mentioned seeds are as follows: from the end of October to mid-November, the fruit is harvested when the pericarp turns from green to red. After the fruit is harvested, it is placed in a cool place for 1-2 weeks, and the outer testa and middle testa are removed to obtain the seeds. ; A Taiwan Michelia single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and a tree age of more than 20 years is preferred as the mother tree for seed collection.

The preparation of the above-mentioned matrix includes the following steps: using a combination of peat, vermiculite and garden soil, preparing according to the volume ratio of 1-1.2:1-1.2:2-2.2, adding an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and stirring evenly; according to the ratio of 10g/kg Evenly mix the carbendazim agent in the matrix, and carry out stacking and sterilization of the matrix; it is preferably prepared in a greenhouse 7 days in advance of the sowing matrix.

The preferred specification of the above-mentioned root control container is 30cm * 50cm.

The specifications of the above-mentioned sowing seedlings adopting plastic planting bags are preferably 10cm×10cm.

The preferred cultivation substrate for the above-mentioned large-scale seedling cultivation in the open field is peat, garden soil, rice husk and decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed and prepared according to the volume ratio of 1-1.2:2-2.2:2-2.2:0.1-0.2. Decomposed organic fertilizer refers to the fertilizer that is mixed with various fresh livestock manure and gasket materials, and fermented at high temperature or normal temperature in a sealed or airtight environment.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

1. The process of seedling cultivation has strict requirements on technical links such as seed harvesting and substrate disinfection, which meet the production and quarantine requirements of commercial seedlings; according to the characteristics of different stages of container seedling cultivation, reasonable base fertilizer, foliage fertilization, water supply, pruning and other technologies are adopted The scheme improves the commodity rate of high-quality container seedlings and achieves the purpose of high efficiency and energy saving. For example, the seeds harvested in the same year are directly sown into containers, which speeds up the emergence time of seeds, reduces the manpower and material costs of transplanting seedlings into containers after sowing in nurseries, improves the survival rate of seedlings, and the seedlings of the present invention survive The rate reached more than 95%, which shortened the cultivation period of Taiwan Michelia seedlings for about 6 months.

2. In view of the growth characteristics of Taiwan Michelle and the local climate conditions, the cultivation of Taiwanese Michelle seedlings is divided into two stages, namely, the seedling rearing period in the greenhouse and the large-scale seedling cultivation period in the open field, which effectively avoids the possibility of low temperature in winter to the seedlings. The damage caused increases the growth rate of seedlings and shortens the cultivation period of engineering seedlings: the first stage adopts a specific facility cultivation method, which prolongs the growth period of seedlings and avoids the unfavorable growth of seedlings caused by uneven water and temperature under open field cultivation conditions. Affect, prevent the winter low temperature cold damage of seedlings. In the second stage, the Taiwan seedlings enter the fast-growing stage. As the seedling age grows, the cold resistance of the seedlings is significantly improved. In this stage, a specific open-field root-controlled container cultivation method is used to cultivate seedlings with high uniformity and good quality. Taiwan michelia seedlings in the present invention are cultivated for 4-5 years, and the dry diameter averages more than 3.5 cm, while the dry diameter of seedlings of the same age cultivated in the open field is only 1-3 cm.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described below by specific embodiment:

Example 1:

1. Mother plant selection, fruit collection:

The Taiwan Michelle tree planted in the Nanjing area has an obvious phenomenon of large and small years. Therefore, an excellent single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and a tree age of more than 20 years is selected as the mother tree for seed collection. The flowering period of Taiwan Michelle is from March to April, and the fruit matures gradually in October. The best time to harvest the seeds of Taiwan Michelle is from the end of October to the end of November. When the peel turns from green to deep red, some of the follicles begin to split automatically Harvesting is possible. After the fruit is harvested, place it in a cool place for 1-2 weeks, which is conducive to the transformation of nutrients in the pulp and post-ripening of the seeds. Remove the outer seed coat and middle seed coat from the placed fruit, and select plump seeds for sowing.

2. Sowing seedlings

The sowing substrate was prepared in the greenhouse 7 days in advance. The substrate was prepared with a combination of peat, vermiculite and garden soil at a ratio of 1:1:2 by volume. Mix the carbendazim agent evenly in the medium, and carry out the substrate stacking and sterilization; use a 10cm×10cm plastic planting bag, pack the pre-prepared substrate, and sow at the end of December of that year, sow 2 seeds in each plastic bag, and sow Finally, put the plastic bags neatly on the ground of the greenhouse, cover with a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully water them all at once.

3. Container seedling cultivation

1. Seedling rearing period in greenhouse

In late February of the following year, as the temperature rose, the sunshade net on the container seedlings was removed. After that, it was sprayed with water once a week. Apply a small amount of compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer twice. Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. At this time, the seedlings are thinned and replenished according to the emergence of each container to ensure that a healthy seedling is kept in each plastic bag; in June, when the seedlings of Taiwan Michelia basically grow 2 complete leaves , choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 75% for necessary shading, keep the greenhouse well ventilated, and add 1-2 sprays in the morning and afternoon in strong light weather, and the seedlings will basically grow 4-5 pieces in August. Leaves; In September, the watering method of leaf spraying was changed to 1-2 permeable water per week, and the sunshade net was removed at the same time, and the seedlings were hardened under full light.

After the temperature drops in winter, a small arched shed is built in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure that the seedlings can survive the winter safely.

In the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5°C, remove the small shed and adopt the method of full-light spray cultivation. During the high temperature period, pay attention to maintaining good ventilation in the greenhouse. Spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time ; From June to August, topdress the leaves with 0.3% urea solution once a month. After September, reduce water supply and control high growth. After winter, the container seedlings can survive the winter safely in a greenhouse under natural light. The height of the two-year-old seedlings in the greenhouse reaches 20-50 cm, and the leaves have 12-22 pieces.

2. The cultivation period of large-scale seedlings in the open field

The 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings entered the fast-growing period. In the first ten days of March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that had been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse were transplanted into root-controlling containers with a size of 30cm×50cm for open field cultivation. The cultivation medium is peat + garden soil + rice husk + decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed and prepared according to the volume ratio of 1:2:2:0.1, and 1% compound fertilizer is applied when transplanting. From April to May, the leaf buds germinate, and the side buds that germinate at the base are wiped out in time. From May to August, topdress the leaves with 0.3% urea solution once a month, and use sprinkler irrigation; stop topdressing the leaves in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° from time to time to allow the shady side to receive more water. sun exposure. After 4 years of cultivation, the average dry diameter of Taiwan Michelia seedlings is more than 3.5cm, and the average plant height is more than 2.5 meters.

During this period, the seedlings have two growth peaks in one year, which are May-June and September-October respectively, and the average annual height growth is 30-60cm. Along with the growth of seedling age, Taiwan michelia seedlings are significantly enhanced to winter low temperature resistance, and the freezing death rate of 1-2 year old seedlings overwintering in the open air in Nanjing is 80%, while the above 3-year-old seedlings cultivated by the method of this embodiment are grown in Nanjing. The freezing death rate of overwintering in the open air is only 5%, and the semi-lethal temperature of 5-year-old seedling leaves measured by low-temperature freezing method in the room reaches -16°C.

Example 2

1. Mother plant selection, fruit collection:

The Taiwan Michelle tree planted in the Nanjing area has an obvious phenomenon of large and small years. Therefore, an excellent single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and a tree age of more than 20 years is selected as the mother tree for seed collection. The flowering period of Taiwan Michelle is from March to April, and the fruit matures gradually in October. The best time to harvest the seeds of Taiwan Michelle is from the end of October to the end of November. When the peel turns from green to deep red, some of the follicles begin to split automatically Harvesting is possible. After the fruit is harvested, place it in a cool place for 1-2 weeks, which is conducive to the transformation of nutrients in the pulp and post-ripening of the seeds. Remove the outer seed coat and middle seed coat from the placed fruit, and select plump seeds for sowing.

2. Sowing seedlings

The sowing substrate was prepared in the greenhouse 7 days in advance. The substrate was prepared with a combination of peat, vermiculite and garden soil at a ratio of 1:1:2 by volume. Mix the carbendazim agent evenly in the medium, and carry out the substrate stacking and sterilization; use a 10cm×10cm plastic planting bag, pack the pre-prepared substrate, and sow at the end of December of that year, sow 3 seeds in each plastic bag, and sow Finally, put the plastic bags neatly on the ground of the greenhouse, cover with a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully water them all at once.

3. Container seedling cultivation

1. Seedling rearing period in greenhouse

In late February of the following year, as the temperature rose, the sunshade net on the container seedlings was removed. After that, it was sprayed with water once a week. Apply a small amount of compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer twice. Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. At this time, the seedlings are thinned and replenished according to the emergence of each container to ensure that a healthy seedling is kept in each plastic bag; in June, when the seedlings of Taiwan Michelia basically grow 2 complete leaves , Choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 80% for necessary shading, keep the greenhouse well ventilated, and increase the number of sprays by 1-2 times in the morning and afternoon when the weather with strong sunlight increases. In August, the seedlings basically grew 4-5 young leaves; in September, the watering method of leaf spraying was changed to 1-2 permeable watering every week, and the sunshade net was removed at the same time, and the seedlings were hardened under full light.

After the temperature drops in winter, a small arched shed is built in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure that the seedlings can survive the winter safely.

In the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5 degrees, remove the small shed and adopt the method of full-light spray cultivation. During the high temperature period, pay attention to maintaining good ventilation in the greenhouse. Spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time ; From June to August, topdress the leaves with 0.35% urea solution once a month. After September, reduce water supply and control high growth. After winter, the container seedlings can survive the winter safely in a greenhouse under natural light. The height of the two-year-old seedlings in the greenhouse reaches 20-50 cm, and the leaves have 12-22 pieces.

2. The cultivation period of large-scale seedlings in the open field

The 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings entered the fast-growing period. In the first ten days of March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that had been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse were transplanted into root-controlling containers with a size of 30cm×50cm for open field cultivation. The cultivation medium is peat + garden soil + rice husk + decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed and prepared according to the volume ratio of 1.2:2:2:0.1, and 1% compound fertilizer is applied when transplanting. From April to May, the leaf buds germinate, and the side buds that germinate at the base are wiped out in time. From May to August, foliage topdressing with 0.3% urea solution was carried out once a month, and watering was carried out by sprinkler irrigation. Stop foliar topdressing in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° every once in a while, so that the shady side can receive more sunlight. After 5 years of cultivation, the average dry diameter of Taiwan Michelia seedlings is more than 3.5cm, and the average plant height is more than 2.5 meters.

During this period, the seedlings have two growth peaks in one year, which are May-June and September-October respectively, and the average annual height growth is 30-60cm. Along with the growth of seedling age, seedling is significantly strengthened to winter low temperature resistance, and the freezing death rate of 1-2 year old seedling overwintering in Nanjing open-air is 80%, and the above-3-year-old seedling overwintering in Nanjing open-air overwintering by the method of this embodiment The freezing death rate is only 5%, and the semi-lethal temperature measured by the low-temperature freezing method of the 5-year-old seedling leaves in the room reaches -16°C.

Claims (8)

1. A container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm, it is characterized in that the method comprises seed harvesting and storage, substrate preparation, sowing and seedling raising, tending in the seedling greenhouse, large-scale seedling open field cultivation; Wherein, The sowing and raising of seedlings is as follows: use plastic planting bags, fill them with substrate, and sow the harvested seeds at the end of December of that year, sow 2 to 4 seeds in each plastic bag, and place the plastic bags neatly in the greenhouse after sowing. On the ground, and covered with a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully watered at one time; The cultivation of the seedlings in the greenhouse is as follows: in late February of the following year, as the temperature rises, the sunshade net on the container seedlings is removed, and then sprayed with water once a week. Weaving; Spray organic fertilizer once or twice on the leaves and apply a small amount of compound fertilizer; Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. The seedlings are growing vigorously; in June, when the seedlings of Taiwan Michelia basically grow 2 complete leaves, choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 70-80% for necessary shading, and keep the greenhouse in a good ventilation state. In the afternoon, add 1-2 times of spraying; in August, the seedlings basically grow 4-5 young leaves; in September, the watering method of leaf surface spraying is changed to 1-2 times per week, and the sunshade net is removed at the same time. Accept full-light hardening; after the temperature drops in winter, build a small shed in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure that the seedlings can survive the winter safely; in the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5°C, remove the small shed and use full-light spray The way of cultivation is to keep good ventilation in the greenhouse, spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time; from June to August, topdress the leaves with urea solution with a mass concentration of 0.3%~0.35% once a month; Reduce water supply after September; after winter, container seedlings can survive the winter safely in greenhouses under natural light; seedlings grown in greenhouses for two years can reach a height of 20-50cm; The open-field cultivation of large-scale seedlings is as follows: 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings enter the fast-growing period, and in early March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that have been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse cultivation period are transplanted into root-controlling containers for open-field cultivation. Apply a compound fertilizer with a mass concentration of 1% to 1.2%; April to May leaf buds germinate, and timely erase the side buds that germinate at the base; Topdressing the leaves, watering with sprinkler irrigation; stop topdressing the leaves in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° from time to time, so that the shady side can receive more sunlight; after 4-5 years of cultivation, Taiwan Michelle seedlings The average dry diameter is more than 3.5cm, and the average plant height is more than 2.5 meters. 2. The container seedling raising method of the cold-resistant Michelia taiwanensis germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the harvesting and storage of the seeds are specifically: harvesting when the pericarp of Michelia taiwanensis changes from green to red from the end of October to mid-November. Harvest the fruit, place the fruit in a cool place for 1-2 weeks after harvesting, remove the outer testa and middle testa to obtain the seeds. 3. the container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 2, is characterized in that the Taiwan Michelia single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and more than 20 years old is selected as the mother tree for seed collection. 4. the container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described matrix preparation comprises the following steps: adopt peat, vermiculite and garden soil, by volume ratio 1～1.2:1～1.2: Prepare at a ratio of 2 to 2.2, add an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and stir evenly; mix evenly with carbendazim agent in the substrate at a ratio of 10g/kg, and carry out substrate stacking and sterilization. 5. The method for raising seedlings in containers of the cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 4, characterized in that the sowing substrate is prepared in a greenhouse 7 days in advance. 6. The container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the specification of the root control container is 30cm×50cm. 7. The container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic planting bag with a specification of 10cm×10cm is used for seeding seedling raising. 8. the container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the cultivation substrate that described large-scale seedlings are cultivated in the open field is peat, garden soil, rice husk and decomposed organic fertilizer, press 1 ~ 1.2:2~2.2:2~2.2:0.1~0.2 volume ratio mixed preparation.