CN108651074A - Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan - Google Patents

Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan Download PDF

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CN108651074A
CN108651074A CN201810142210.2A CN201810142210A CN108651074A CN 108651074 A CN108651074 A CN 108651074A CN 201810142210 A CN201810142210 A CN 201810142210A CN 108651074 A CN108651074 A CN 108651074A
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seedlings
taiwan
michelia
container
greenhouse
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任全进
周冬琴
于金平
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Nanjing Tianhe Garden Construction Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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Nanjing Tianhe Garden Construction Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0293Seed or shoot receptacles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the container seedling culture method that germplasm is had a smile on one's face in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan, this method includes seed collection and storage, matrix preparation, seeding and seedling raising, foster in seedling greenhouse, big specification seedling open country is cultivated.The method of the present invention not only increases the emergence rate that seed is had a smile on one's face in Taiwan, while corresponding specification has also been made to subtleties such as container nursery, cultivation management measures, shortens the cultivating seedlings time, and the nursery stock regularity of cultivation is high.

Description

一种耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法A container breeding method for cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm

技术领域technical field

本发明属于植物繁殖领域,具体涉及一种台湾含笑(Michelia compressa)种质的容器育苗方法。The invention belongs to the field of plant propagation, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings in containers of Taiwan Michelia compressa germplasm.

背景技术Background technique

台湾含笑(Michelia compressa),又名台湾白兰花、黄心树、乌心石(台湾),为木兰科含笑属常绿乔木,原产于我国的台湾和日本西南部,多生于海拔200~2 600m的常绿阔叶林中。台湾含笑树形紧凑近圆锥状,浓绿而有光泽的叶片密集枝条顶端,形成四季苍翠而浓密的树冠,花娇小,白色散发淡香,具有较高的观赏价值。南京中山植物园在20世纪80年代初,为筛选耐寒的常绿观赏树种,引进一批2~3年生的台湾含笑幼苗,分别栽植于植物园内的蔷薇园和冬青园两个专类园内。两个栽植地点均背风向阳,排灌方便。经过30余年的耐寒驯化,均已开花结果,并表现出较好的适应性和观赏价值。在冬季没有枝叶冻害现象发生,耐寒性优于同属的深山含笑、乐昌含笑和多花含笑;在夏季近30d没有降水的情况下,依然保持绿色,未显出落叶、黄叶等旱态现象。通过扩繁推广,台湾含笑完全有可能成为江苏地区替代香樟的优良绿化树种。Michelia compressa, also known as Taiwan white orchid, yellow heart tree, black heart stone (Taiwan), is an evergreen tree of the Magnoliaceae Michelia genus, native to Taiwan in my country and southwestern Japan, mostly at an altitude of 200-2 600m in evergreen broad-leaved forests. The Taiwan Michelle tree is compact and nearly conical, with dense green and shiny leaves on the top of the branches, forming a green and dense crown in all seasons. The flowers are petite and white with a light fragrance, which has high ornamental value. In the early 1980s, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden introduced a batch of 2- to 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings in order to select cold-resistant evergreen ornamental tree species, and planted them in two special gardens in the botanical garden, the rose garden and the holly garden. The two planting locations are both leeward and sunny, which is convenient for drainage and irrigation. After more than 30 years of cold-resistant domestication, all have blossomed and bear fruit, and have shown good adaptability and ornamental value. In winter, there is no freezing damage to branches and leaves, and the cold resistance is better than that of Mishan Michelia, Lechang Michelia and Duohua Michelia in the same genus; in the case of no precipitation for nearly 30 days in summer, it still remains green, and does not show dry conditions such as fallen leaves and yellow leaves. . Through multiplication and promotion, Taiwan Michelia is entirely possible to become an excellent greening tree species to replace camphor in Jiangsu.

由于早期台湾含笑母树数量少,结种率低,种子不易萌发,不耐储存,主要通过嫁接等无性繁殖,导致目前市场上的台湾含笑基本是相同的无性后代。随着生理年龄的增大,无性繁殖成活率大大降低。而最近几年,台湾含笑成年大树的结种率基本平稳,通过播种育苗,可以为市场提供新的遗传基因,为台湾含笑种质提供新的优良耐寒品系。Due to the small number of Taiwan Michelia mother trees in the early days, the seed setting rate was low, the seeds were not easy to germinate, and they were not resistant to storage. They mainly reproduced asexually through grafting, etc., so the Taiwan Michelle trees on the market are basically the same asexual offspring. With the increase of physiological age, the survival rate of asexual reproduction is greatly reduced. In recent years, the seed setting rate of adult Michelia trees in Taiwan has been basically stable. Through sowing and raising seedlings, new genetic genes can be provided for the market, and new excellent cold-resistant strains can be provided for the germplasm of Taiwan Michelia.

容器育苗是一种较便捷高效的苗木生产方式,主要技术措施有:(1)采收种子:在果熟季节采收种子;(2)种子清洗:采收回来的种子通过堆沤,把外种皮和中种皮清洗干净,然后放在阴凉通风处晾干;(3)种子沙藏:在种子晾干后,把洗净的种子与沙按一层沙子一层种子的层积沙藏法放置干燥阴凉处进行储藏;(4)圃地选择与播种育苗:播种前将圃地深翻,施足基肥,将土拌匀,做成苗床。采取撒播、条播或点播形式播种,浇透水,保持湿润。(5)基质和容器的准备:选择合适的基质和容器,把基质装进容器内;(6)芽苗移栽:播种出苗至两片子叶展开时进行移苗;(7)容器苗的养护:按常规容器苗养护方法进行抚育管理。Container seedling cultivation is a more convenient and efficient seedling production method. The main technical measures are: (1) Harvesting seeds: harvesting seeds during the fruit ripening season; Clean the seed coat and middle seed coat, and then put them in a cool and ventilated place to dry; (3) Seed sand storage: After the seeds are dried, store the washed seeds and sand in a layer of sand and layer of seeds. (4) Nursery site selection and sowing and seedling raising: Before sowing, the nursery site will be deeply plowed, enough base fertilizer will be applied, and the soil will be mixed well to make a seedbed. Sow in the form of sowing, drilling or on-demand, and water thoroughly to keep it moist. (5) Preparation of substrate and container: select suitable substrate and container, and put the substrate into the container; (6) transplanting of sprouts: transplant seedlings when two cotyledon leaves are sown; (7) maintenance of container seedlings : Carry out tending management according to conventional container seedling maintenance methods.

传统的容器育苗技术需要经过沙藏到春天播种,延长了苗木的培育期限;在播种出苗后有个移栽的过程,费时费力,而且在移栽的时候容易损伤苗木的根系,降低了苗木的成活率。The traditional container seedling cultivation technology needs to be stored in sand until spring sowing, which prolongs the cultivation period of seedlings; after sowing and emergence, there is a transplanting process, which is time-consuming and laborious, and it is easy to damage the root system of seedlings during transplanting, reducing the growth of seedlings. survival rate.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种台湾含笑种子容器育苗的方法,该方法不仅提高了台湾含笑种子的出苗率,同时对容器育苗、栽培管理措施等细微之处也做了相应的规范,缩短苗木培育时间,培育的苗木整齐度高。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings in containers of Michelia taiwanensis, which not only improves the emergence rate of seeds of Michelia taiwanensis, but also regulates the subtleties of seedling raising in containers and cultivation management measures, so as to shorten the cultivation time of seedlings. time, the cultivated seedlings have high uniformity.

本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following manner:

一种耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,该方法包括种子采收及贮藏、基质制备、播种育苗、幼苗大棚内抚育、大规格苗露地培育;其中,A container seedling raising method for cold-resistant Taiwanese Michelia germplasm, the method includes seed harvesting and storage, substrate preparation, sowing and seedling raising, seedling tending in a greenhouse, and large-scale seedling cultivation in the open field; wherein,

上述播种育苗为:采用塑料种植袋,装满基质,采收的种子于当年12月底进行播种,每个塑料袋播2~4粒种子,播种后把塑料袋整齐摆放在温室大棚的地上,并覆盖一层播种用无纺布和一层遮阳网,再一次性充分浇透水;The above sowing seedlings are as follows: use plastic planting bags, fill them with substrate, and sow the harvested seeds at the end of December of that year, sow 2 to 4 seeds in each plastic bag, and place the plastic bags neatly on the ground of the greenhouse after sowing. And cover a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully water it at one time;

上述幼苗大棚内抚育为:翌年2月下旬随着气温回升,揭掉容器苗上的遮阳网,之后,每周喷淋一次透水,经过2周后台湾含笑幼苗子叶开始出土,移走无纺布;叶面喷施一到两次有机肥混施少量复合肥;4月中旬种子出芽基本完成,此时,针对每个容器的出苗情况进行间苗和补苗,保证每个塑料袋里保存一株长势健壮的幼苗;6月台湾含笑幼苗基本长出2片完全叶时,选择透光率为70~80%的遮阳网进行必要的遮光,大棚保持良好的通风状态,光照强烈的天气,上下午各增加1-2次喷淋次数;8月份幼苗基本长出4-5片幼叶;9月将叶面喷淋的浇灌方式改为每周浇1-2次透水,同时取走遮阳网,接受全光照的炼苗;入冬气温下降以后,在日光塑料大棚内建小拱棚,以确保幼苗安全越冬;第三年开春,待气温稳定到5℃以上后,去掉小拱棚,采用全光照喷雾栽培的方式,高温时期(温度为20℃以上)注意保持大棚内良好的通风,每天喷淋3-4次,每次3-5分钟;6-8月份间,每月进行一次质量浓度0.3%~0.35%的尿素溶液叶面追肥;9月份后减少水分的供给以控制高生长;入冬以后,容器苗能够在自然光照大棚内安全越冬;大棚内生长两年的幼苗高度达20-50cm;The above-mentioned seedlings were reared in the greenhouse: in late February of the following year, as the temperature rose, the sunshade net on the container seedlings was removed, and then sprayed with water once a week. After 2 weeks, the cotyledons of Taiwan Michelia seedlings began to unearth, and the non-woven fabric was removed. ; Spray organic fertilizer once or twice on the leaves and mix with a small amount of compound fertilizer; Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. At this time, thinning and replenishing seedlings are carried out according to the emergence of each container to ensure that one plant grows in each plastic bag Strong seedlings; in June, when Taiwan Michelia seedlings basically grow 2 complete leaves, choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 70-80% for necessary shading, and keep the greenhouse in a good ventilation state. Increase the number of sprays by 1-2 times; in August, the seedlings basically grow 4-5 young leaves; Seedling hardening in full light; after the temperature drops in winter, build a small shed in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure the safe wintering of the seedlings; in the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5°C, remove the small shed and use full-light spray cultivation During the high temperature period (the temperature is above 20°C), pay attention to maintaining good ventilation in the greenhouse, spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time; from June to August, conduct a monthly mass concentration of 0.3%~ 0.35% urea solution for foliar topdressing; reduce water supply after September to control high growth; after winter, container seedlings can survive the winter safely in greenhouses under natural light; seedlings grown in greenhouses for two years can reach a height of 20-50cm;

上述大规格苗露地培育为:3年生的台湾含笑幼苗进入速生期,3月上旬将经过幼苗大棚抚育期培育的2年生容器苗移植至控根容器中,进行露地培育,移植时栽培基质中施入质量浓度1%~1.2%的复合肥;4月-5月叶芽萌动,及时抹除基部萌发的侧芽;5-8月间,每月进行1次0.3%~0.35%浓度尿素溶液的叶面追肥,浇水采用喷灌方式;8月下旬停止叶面追肥,不定期将容器苗旋转180°,让背阴面接受到更多阳光的照射;经过4-5年的培育后,台湾含笑容器苗干径平均在3.5cm以上,株高平均在2.5米以上。The above-mentioned large-scale seedlings are cultivated in the open field: the 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings enter the fast-growing period, and in early March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that have been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse are transplanted into the root-controlling container for open-field cultivation. Add compound fertilizer with a mass concentration of 1% to 1.2%; leaf buds germinate from April to May, and remove the side buds that germinate at the base in time; from May to August, apply 0.3% to 0.35% concentration of urea solution on the leaves once a month Topdressing, watering with sprinkler irrigation; stop foliar topdressing in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° from time to time, so that the shady side can receive more sunlight; The average plant height is above 3.5cm, and the average plant height is above 2.5m.

上述种子采收及贮藏具体为:10月底至11月中旬当果皮自绿色变为红色时采收果实,果实采收后至于阴凉处放置1-2周,除去外种皮和中种皮得到种子;优选生长势强健、树形端正、无病虫害、树龄20年以上的台湾含笑单株为采种母树。The harvesting and storage of the above-mentioned seeds are as follows: from the end of October to mid-November, the fruit is harvested when the pericarp turns from green to red. After the fruit is harvested, it is placed in a cool place for 1-2 weeks, and the outer testa and middle testa are removed to obtain the seeds. ; A Taiwan Michelia single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and a tree age of more than 20 years is preferred as the mother tree for seed collection.

上述基质制备包括以下步骤:采用泥炭、蛭石和园土的组合,按体积比1~1.2:1~1.2:2~2.2的比例配制,加入适量腐熟的有机肥搅拌均匀;按10g/kg的比例在基质中均匀混拌入多菌灵药剂,进行基质堆放灭菌;优选在播种基质提前7天于大棚内配制。The preparation of the above-mentioned matrix includes the following steps: using a combination of peat, vermiculite and garden soil, preparing according to the volume ratio of 1-1.2:1-1.2:2-2.2, adding an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and stirring evenly; according to the ratio of 10g/kg Evenly mix the carbendazim agent in the matrix, and carry out stacking and sterilization of the matrix; it is preferably prepared in a greenhouse 7 days in advance of the sowing matrix.

上述控根容器优选规格为30cm×50cm。The preferred specification of the above-mentioned root control container is 30cm * 50cm.

上述播种育苗采用塑料种植袋的规格优选为10cm×10cm。The specifications of the above-mentioned sowing seedlings adopting plastic planting bags are preferably 10cm×10cm.

上述大规格苗露地培育优选采用的栽培基质为泥炭、园土、稻壳和腐熟有机肥,按1~1.2:2~2.2:2~2.2:0.1~0.2体积比混合配制。腐熟有机肥是指各种新鲜家畜粪尿和垫圈材料混合,在密封或密闭的环境条件下,经高温或常温发酵完成的肥料。The preferred cultivation substrate for the above-mentioned large-scale seedling cultivation in the open field is peat, garden soil, rice husk and decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed and prepared according to the volume ratio of 1-1.2:2-2.2:2-2.2:0.1-0.2. Decomposed organic fertilizer refers to the fertilizer that is mixed with various fresh livestock manure and gasket materials, and fermented at high temperature or normal temperature in a sealed or airtight environment.

与现有技术比较本发明的有益效果:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

1.育苗过程对种子采收、基质消毒等技术环节要求严格,达到商品化苗木的生产检疫要求;针对容器苗培育的不同阶段特点,采用合理的基肥、叶面施肥、水分供给、修剪等技术方案,提高了优质容器苗的商品率,达到高效、节能的目的。如,当年采收的种子直接播种到容器中,加快了种子的出苗时间,减少了由圃地播种出苗再移栽到容器中的人力物力成本,提高了幼苗的存活率,本发明的幼苗存活率达到95%以上,缩短了台湾含笑苗木培育期限6个月左右的时间。1. The process of seedling cultivation has strict requirements on technical links such as seed harvesting and substrate disinfection, which meet the production and quarantine requirements of commercial seedlings; according to the characteristics of different stages of container seedling cultivation, reasonable base fertilizer, foliage fertilization, water supply, pruning and other technologies are adopted The scheme improves the commodity rate of high-quality container seedlings and achieves the purpose of high efficiency and energy saving. For example, the seeds harvested in the same year are directly sown into containers, which speeds up the emergence time of seeds, reduces the manpower and material costs of transplanting seedlings into containers after sowing in nurseries, improves the survival rate of seedlings, and the seedlings of the present invention survive The rate reached more than 95%, which shortened the cultivation period of Taiwan Michelia seedlings for about 6 months.

2.针对台湾含笑的生长特性和当地的气候条件,将台湾含笑容器苗培育分为2个阶段,即大棚内幼苗抚育期和大规格苗露地培育期,有效的避免了冬季低温对幼苗有可能造成的伤害,提高了苗木生长速度,缩短了工程苗的培育期:第1个阶段采用特定的设施栽培的方式,延长了苗木生长期,避免露地栽培条件下水、温不均对幼苗生长的不利影响,防止幼苗的冬季低温寒害。第2个阶段时台湾幼苗进入速生期,随着苗龄的增长,苗木的抗寒性显著提高,该阶段进行特定的露地控根容器栽培的方式,培育的苗木整齐度高,苗木质量优良。本发明中的台湾含笑苗经过4-5年的培育,干径平均在3.5cm以上,而露地大田栽培的同龄期苗干径仅为1-3cm不等。2. In view of the growth characteristics of Taiwan Michelle and the local climate conditions, the cultivation of Taiwanese Michelle seedlings is divided into two stages, namely, the seedling rearing period in the greenhouse and the large-scale seedling cultivation period in the open field, which effectively avoids the possibility of low temperature in winter to the seedlings. The damage caused increases the growth rate of seedlings and shortens the cultivation period of engineering seedlings: the first stage adopts a specific facility cultivation method, which prolongs the growth period of seedlings and avoids the unfavorable growth of seedlings caused by uneven water and temperature under open field cultivation conditions. Affect, prevent the winter low temperature cold damage of seedlings. In the second stage, the Taiwan seedlings enter the fast-growing stage. As the seedling age grows, the cold resistance of the seedlings is significantly improved. In this stage, a specific open-field root-controlled container cultivation method is used to cultivate seedlings with high uniformity and good quality. Taiwan michelia seedlings in the present invention are cultivated for 4-5 years, and the dry diameter averages more than 3.5 cm, while the dry diameter of seedlings of the same age cultivated in the open field is only 1-3 cm.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明:The present invention is further described below by specific embodiment:

实施例1:Example 1:

一.母株选择,果实收集:1. Mother plant selection, fruit collection:

在南京地区种植的台湾含笑大树,结实具有明显的大小年现象,因此选择生长势强健、树形端正、无病虫害、树龄20年以上的优良单株为采种母树。台湾含笑花期为3月到4月,10月份果实陆续成熟,10月底至11月底是台湾含笑种子采收的最佳时期,待果皮自绿色变为深红色,蓇葖果有部分开始自动裂开时可进行采收。果实采收后至于阴凉处放置1-2周,有利于果肉中的养分转化及种子后熟。将经过放置后的果实除去外种皮和中种皮,选取饱满的种子进行播种。The Taiwan Michelle tree planted in the Nanjing area has an obvious phenomenon of large and small years. Therefore, an excellent single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and a tree age of more than 20 years is selected as the mother tree for seed collection. The flowering period of Taiwan Michelle is from March to April, and the fruit matures gradually in October. The best time to harvest the seeds of Taiwan Michelle is from the end of October to the end of November. When the peel turns from green to deep red, some of the follicles begin to split automatically Harvesting is possible. After the fruit is harvested, place it in a cool place for 1-2 weeks, which is conducive to the transformation of nutrients in the pulp and post-ripening of the seeds. Remove the outer seed coat and middle seed coat from the placed fruit, and select plump seeds for sowing.

二.播种育苗2. Sowing seedlings

播种基质提前7d于大棚内配制,基质采用泥炭、蛭石和园土的组合,按体积比1:1:2的比例配制,加入适量常规的腐熟有机肥搅拌均匀;按10g/kg的比例在基质中均匀混拌入多菌灵药剂,进行基质堆放灭菌;采用10cm×10cm的塑料种植袋,装好事先制备好的基质,于当年12月底进行播种,每个塑料袋播2粒种子,播种后把塑料袋整齐摆放在温室大棚的地上,并覆盖一层播种用无纺布和一层遮阳网,再一次性充分浇透水。The sowing substrate was prepared in the greenhouse 7 days in advance. The substrate was prepared with a combination of peat, vermiculite and garden soil at a ratio of 1:1:2 by volume. Mix the carbendazim agent evenly in the medium, and carry out the substrate stacking and sterilization; use a 10cm×10cm plastic planting bag, pack the pre-prepared substrate, and sow at the end of December of that year, sow 2 seeds in each plastic bag, and sow Finally, put the plastic bags neatly on the ground of the greenhouse, cover with a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully water them all at once.

三.容器苗培育3. Container seedling cultivation

1.幼苗大棚内抚育期1. Seedling rearing period in greenhouse

翌年2月下旬随着气温回升,揭掉容器苗上的遮阳网,之后,每周喷淋一次透水,经过2周后台湾含笑幼苗子叶开始出土,及时移走无纺布;叶面喷施一到两次有机肥混施少量复合肥。4月中旬种子出芽基本完成,此时,针对每个容器的出苗情况进行间苗和补苗,保证每个塑料袋里保存一株长势健壮的幼苗;6月台湾含笑幼苗基本长出2片完全叶时,选择透光率为75%的遮阳网进行必要的遮光,大棚保持良好的通风状态,光照强烈的天气,上下午各增加1-2次喷淋,8月份幼苗基本长出4-5片幼叶;9月将叶面喷淋的浇灌方式改为每周浇1-2次透水,同时取走遮阳网,接受全光照的炼苗。In late February of the following year, as the temperature rose, the sunshade net on the container seedlings was removed. After that, it was sprayed with water once a week. Apply a small amount of compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer twice. Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. At this time, the seedlings are thinned and replenished according to the emergence of each container to ensure that a healthy seedling is kept in each plastic bag; in June, when the seedlings of Taiwan Michelia basically grow 2 complete leaves , choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 75% for necessary shading, keep the greenhouse well ventilated, and add 1-2 sprays in the morning and afternoon in strong light weather, and the seedlings will basically grow 4-5 pieces in August. Leaves; In September, the watering method of leaf spraying was changed to 1-2 permeable water per week, and the sunshade net was removed at the same time, and the seedlings were hardened under full light.

入冬气温下降以后,在日光塑料大棚内建小拱棚,以确保幼苗安全越冬。After the temperature drops in winter, a small arched shed is built in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure that the seedlings can survive the winter safely.

第三年开春,待气温稳定到5℃以上后,去掉小拱棚,采用全光照喷雾栽培的方式,高温时期注意保持大棚内良好的通风,每天喷淋3-4次,每次3-5分钟;6-8月份间,每月进行一次0.3%的尿素溶液叶面追肥。9月份后减少水分的供给,控制高生长。入冬以后,容器苗能够在自然光照大棚内安全越冬。大棚内生长两年的幼苗高度达20-50cm,叶片有12-22片。In the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5°C, remove the small shed and adopt the method of full-light spray cultivation. During the high temperature period, pay attention to maintaining good ventilation in the greenhouse. Spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time ; From June to August, topdress the leaves with 0.3% urea solution once a month. After September, reduce water supply and control high growth. After winter, the container seedlings can survive the winter safely in a greenhouse under natural light. The height of the two-year-old seedlings in the greenhouse reaches 20-50 cm, and the leaves have 12-22 pieces.

2.大规格苗露地培育期2. The cultivation period of large-scale seedlings in the open field

3年生的台湾含笑幼苗进入速生期,3月上旬将经过幼苗大棚抚育期培育的2年生容器苗移植至规格为30cm×50cm控根容器中,进行露地培育。栽培基质采用泥炭+园土+稻壳+腐熟有机肥,按1:2:2:0.1体积比混合配制,移植时施入1%的复合肥。4月-5月叶芽萌动,及时抹除基部萌发的侧芽。5-8月间,每月进行1次0.3%浓度尿素溶液的叶面追肥,浇水采用喷灌方式;8月下旬停止叶面追肥,不定期将容器苗旋转180°,让背阴面接受到更多阳光的照射。经过4年的培育后,台湾含笑容器苗干径平均在3.5cm以上,株高平均在2.5米以上,总体长势整齐度高,群体85%的株高都在2.5-3米之间。The 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings entered the fast-growing period. In the first ten days of March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that had been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse were transplanted into root-controlling containers with a size of 30cm×50cm for open field cultivation. The cultivation medium is peat + garden soil + rice husk + decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed and prepared according to the volume ratio of 1:2:2:0.1, and 1% compound fertilizer is applied when transplanting. From April to May, the leaf buds germinate, and the side buds that germinate at the base are wiped out in time. From May to August, topdress the leaves with 0.3% urea solution once a month, and use sprinkler irrigation; stop topdressing the leaves in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° from time to time to allow the shady side to receive more water. sun exposure. After 4 years of cultivation, the average dry diameter of Taiwan Michelia seedlings is more than 3.5cm, and the average plant height is more than 2.5 meters.

该段时期幼苗1年有2个生长高峰,分别是5-6月和9-10月,年均高生长量为30-60cm。随着苗龄的增长,台湾含笑幼苗对冬季低温抗性显著增强,1-2年生的小苗在南京露天越冬的冻死率为80%,而本实施例方法培育的3年生以上的小苗在南京露天越冬冻死率仅为5%,5年生小苗叶片在室内通过低温冷冻方法测得的半致死温度达到-16℃。During this period, the seedlings have two growth peaks in one year, which are May-June and September-October respectively, and the average annual height growth is 30-60cm. Along with the growth of seedling age, Taiwan michelia seedlings are significantly enhanced to winter low temperature resistance, and the freezing death rate of 1-2 year old seedlings overwintering in the open air in Nanjing is 80%, while the above 3-year-old seedlings cultivated by the method of this embodiment are grown in Nanjing. The freezing death rate of overwintering in the open air is only 5%, and the semi-lethal temperature of 5-year-old seedling leaves measured by low-temperature freezing method in the room reaches -16°C.

实施例2Example 2

一.母株选择,果实收集:1. Mother plant selection, fruit collection:

在南京地区种植的台湾含笑大树,结实具有明显的大小年现象,因此选择生长势强健、树形端正、无病虫害、树龄20年以上的优良单株为采种母树。台湾含笑花期为3月到4月,10月份果实陆续成熟,10月底至11月底是台湾含笑种子采收的最佳时期,待果皮自绿色变为深红色,蓇葖果有部分开始自动裂开时可进行采收。果实采收后至于阴凉处放置1-2周,有利于果肉中的养分转化及种子后熟。将经过放置后的果实除去外种皮和中种皮,选取饱满的种子进行播种。The Taiwan Michelle tree planted in the Nanjing area has an obvious phenomenon of large and small years. Therefore, an excellent single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and a tree age of more than 20 years is selected as the mother tree for seed collection. The flowering period of Taiwan Michelle is from March to April, and the fruit matures gradually in October. The best time to harvest the seeds of Taiwan Michelle is from the end of October to the end of November. When the peel turns from green to deep red, some of the follicles begin to split automatically Harvesting is possible. After the fruit is harvested, place it in a cool place for 1-2 weeks, which is conducive to the transformation of nutrients in the pulp and post-ripening of the seeds. Remove the outer seed coat and middle seed coat from the placed fruit, and select plump seeds for sowing.

二.播种育苗2. Sowing seedlings

播种基质提前7d于大棚内配制,基质采用泥炭、蛭石和园土的组合,按体积比1:1:2的比例配制,加入适量常规的腐熟有机肥搅拌均匀;按10g/kg的比例在基质中均匀混拌入多菌灵药剂,进行基质堆放灭菌;采用10cm×10cm的塑料种植袋,装好事先制备好的基质,于当年12月底进行播种,每个塑料袋播3粒种子,播种后把塑料袋整齐摆放在温室大棚的地上,并覆盖一层播种用无纺布和一层遮阳网,再一次性充分浇透水。The sowing substrate was prepared in the greenhouse 7 days in advance. The substrate was prepared with a combination of peat, vermiculite and garden soil at a ratio of 1:1:2 by volume. Mix the carbendazim agent evenly in the medium, and carry out the substrate stacking and sterilization; use a 10cm×10cm plastic planting bag, pack the pre-prepared substrate, and sow at the end of December of that year, sow 3 seeds in each plastic bag, and sow Finally, put the plastic bags neatly on the ground of the greenhouse, cover with a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully water them all at once.

三.容器苗培育3. Container seedling cultivation

1.幼苗大棚内抚育期1. Seedling rearing period in greenhouse

翌年2月下旬随着气温回升,揭掉容器苗上的遮阳网,之后,每周喷淋一次透水,经过2周后台湾含笑幼苗子叶开始出土,及时移走无纺布;叶面喷施一到两次有机肥混施少量复合肥。4月中旬种子出芽基本完成,此时,针对每个容器的出苗情况进行间苗和补苗,保证每个塑料袋里保存一株长势健壮的幼苗;6月台湾含笑幼苗基本长出2片完全叶时,选择透光率为80%的遮阳网进行必要的遮光,大棚保持良好的通风状态,光照强烈的天气增加上下午各增加1-2次喷淋次数。8月份幼苗基本长出4-5片幼叶;9月将叶面喷淋的浇灌方式改为每周浇1-2次透水,同时取走遮阳网,接受全光照的炼苗。In late February of the following year, as the temperature rose, the sunshade net on the container seedlings was removed. After that, it was sprayed with water once a week. Apply a small amount of compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer twice. Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. At this time, the seedlings are thinned and replenished according to the emergence of each container to ensure that a healthy seedling is kept in each plastic bag; in June, when the seedlings of Taiwan Michelia basically grow 2 complete leaves , Choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 80% for necessary shading, keep the greenhouse well ventilated, and increase the number of sprays by 1-2 times in the morning and afternoon when the weather with strong sunlight increases. In August, the seedlings basically grew 4-5 young leaves; in September, the watering method of leaf spraying was changed to 1-2 permeable watering every week, and the sunshade net was removed at the same time, and the seedlings were hardened under full light.

入冬气温下降以后,在日光塑料大棚内建小拱棚,以确保幼苗安全越冬。After the temperature drops in winter, a small arched shed is built in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure that the seedlings can survive the winter safely.

第三年开春,待气温稳定到5度以上后,去掉小拱棚,采用全光照喷雾栽培的方式,高温时期注意保持大棚内良好的通风,每天喷淋3-4次,每次3-5分钟;6-8月份间,每月进行一次0.35%的尿素溶液叶面追肥。9月份后减少水分的供给,控制高生长。入冬以后,容器苗能够在自然光照大棚内安全越冬。大棚内生长两年的幼苗高度达20-50cm,叶片有12-22片。In the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5 degrees, remove the small shed and adopt the method of full-light spray cultivation. During the high temperature period, pay attention to maintaining good ventilation in the greenhouse. Spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time ; From June to August, topdress the leaves with 0.35% urea solution once a month. After September, reduce water supply and control high growth. After winter, the container seedlings can survive the winter safely in a greenhouse under natural light. The height of the two-year-old seedlings in the greenhouse reaches 20-50 cm, and the leaves have 12-22 pieces.

2.大规格苗露地培育期2. The cultivation period of large-scale seedlings in the open field

3年生的台湾含笑幼苗进入速生期,3月上旬将经过幼苗大棚抚育期培育的2年生容器苗移植至规格为30cm×50cm控根容器中,进行露地培育。栽培基质采用泥炭+园土+稻壳+腐熟有机肥,按1.2:2:2:0.1体积比混合配制,移植时施入1%的复合肥。4月-5月叶芽萌动,及时抹除基部萌发的侧芽。5-8月间,每月进行1次0.3%浓度尿素溶液的叶面追肥,浇水采用喷灌方式。8月下旬停止叶面追肥,每隔一段时间将容器苗旋转180°,让背阴面接受到更多阳光的照射。经过5年的培育后,台湾含笑容器苗干径平均在3.5cm以上,株高平均在2.5米以上,总体长势整齐度高,群体85%的株高都在2.5-3米之间。The 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings entered the fast-growing period. In the first ten days of March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that had been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse were transplanted into root-controlling containers with a size of 30cm×50cm for open field cultivation. The cultivation medium is peat + garden soil + rice husk + decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed and prepared according to the volume ratio of 1.2:2:2:0.1, and 1% compound fertilizer is applied when transplanting. From April to May, the leaf buds germinate, and the side buds that germinate at the base are wiped out in time. From May to August, foliage topdressing with 0.3% urea solution was carried out once a month, and watering was carried out by sprinkler irrigation. Stop foliar topdressing in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° every once in a while, so that the shady side can receive more sunlight. After 5 years of cultivation, the average dry diameter of Taiwan Michelia seedlings is more than 3.5cm, and the average plant height is more than 2.5 meters.

该段时期幼苗1年有2个生长高峰,分别是5-6月和9-10月,年均高生长量为30-60cm。随着苗龄的增长,幼苗对冬季低温抗性显著增强,1-2年生的小苗在南京露天越冬的冻死率为80%,通过本实施例方法培育的3年生以上的小苗在南京露天越冬冻死率仅为5%,5年生小苗叶片在室内通过低温冷冻方法测得的半致死温度达到-16℃。During this period, the seedlings have two growth peaks in one year, which are May-June and September-October respectively, and the average annual height growth is 30-60cm. Along with the growth of seedling age, seedling is significantly strengthened to winter low temperature resistance, and the freezing death rate of 1-2 year old seedling overwintering in Nanjing open-air is 80%, and the above-3-year-old seedling overwintering in Nanjing open-air overwintering by the method of this embodiment The freezing death rate is only 5%, and the semi-lethal temperature measured by the low-temperature freezing method of the 5-year-old seedling leaves in the room reaches -16°C.

Claims (8)

1.一种耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于该方法包括种子采收及贮藏、基质制备、播种育苗、幼苗大棚内抚育、大规格苗露地培育;其中,1. A container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm, it is characterized in that the method comprises seed harvesting and storage, substrate preparation, sowing and seedling raising, tending in the seedling greenhouse, large-scale seedling open field cultivation; Wherein, 所述的播种育苗为:采用塑料种植袋,装满基质,采收的种子于当年12月底进行播种,每个塑料袋播2~4粒种子,播种后把塑料袋整齐摆放在温室大棚的地上,并覆盖一层播种用无纺布和一层遮阳网,再一次性充分浇透水;The sowing and raising of seedlings is as follows: use plastic planting bags, fill them with substrate, and sow the harvested seeds at the end of December of that year, sow 2 to 4 seeds in each plastic bag, and place the plastic bags neatly in the greenhouse after sowing. On the ground, and covered with a layer of non-woven fabric for sowing and a layer of sunshade net, and then fully watered at one time; 所述的幼苗大棚内抚育为:翌年2月下旬随着气温回升,揭掉容器苗上的遮阳网,之后,每周喷淋一次透水,经过2周后台湾含笑幼苗子叶开始出土,移走无纺布;叶面喷施一到两次有机肥混施少量复合肥;4月中旬种子出芽基本完成,此时,针对每个容器的出苗情况进行间苗和补苗,保证每个塑料袋里保存一株长势健壮的幼苗;6月台湾含笑幼苗基本长出2片完全叶时,选择透光率为70~80%的遮阳网进行必要的遮光,大棚保持良好的通风状态,光照强烈的天气,上下午各增加1-2次喷淋;8月份幼苗基本长出4-5片幼叶;9月将叶面喷淋的浇灌方式改为每周浇1-2次透水,同时取走遮阳网,接受全光照的炼苗;入冬气温下降以后,在日光塑料大棚内建小拱棚,以确保幼苗安全越冬;第三年开春,待气温稳定到5℃以上后,去掉小拱棚,采用全光照喷雾栽培的方式,保持大棚内良好的通风,每天喷淋3-4次,每次3-5分钟;6-8月份间,每月进行一次质量浓度0.3%~0.35%的尿素溶液叶面追肥;9月份后减少水分的供给;入冬以后,容器苗能够在自然光照大棚内安全越冬;大棚内生长两年的幼苗高度达20-50cm;The cultivation of the seedlings in the greenhouse is as follows: in late February of the following year, as the temperature rises, the sunshade net on the container seedlings is removed, and then sprayed with water once a week. Weaving; Spray organic fertilizer once or twice on the leaves and apply a small amount of compound fertilizer; Seed germination is basically completed in mid-April. The seedlings are growing vigorously; in June, when the seedlings of Taiwan Michelia basically grow 2 complete leaves, choose a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 70-80% for necessary shading, and keep the greenhouse in a good ventilation state. In the afternoon, add 1-2 times of spraying; in August, the seedlings basically grow 4-5 young leaves; in September, the watering method of leaf surface spraying is changed to 1-2 times per week, and the sunshade net is removed at the same time. Accept full-light hardening; after the temperature drops in winter, build a small shed in the sunlight plastic greenhouse to ensure that the seedlings can survive the winter safely; in the spring of the third year, after the temperature stabilizes above 5°C, remove the small shed and use full-light spray The way of cultivation is to keep good ventilation in the greenhouse, spray 3-4 times a day, 3-5 minutes each time; from June to August, topdress the leaves with urea solution with a mass concentration of 0.3%~0.35% once a month; Reduce water supply after September; after winter, container seedlings can survive the winter safely in greenhouses under natural light; seedlings grown in greenhouses for two years can reach a height of 20-50cm; 所述的大规格苗露地培育为:3年生的台湾含笑幼苗进入速生期,3月上旬将经过幼苗大棚抚育期培育的2年生容器苗移植至控根容器中,进行露地培育,移植时栽培基质中施入质量浓度1%~1.2%的复合肥;4月-5月叶芽萌动,及时抹除基部萌发的侧芽;5-8月间,每月进行1次0.3%~0.35%浓度尿素溶液的叶面追肥,浇水采用喷灌方式;8月下旬停止叶面追肥,不定期将容器苗旋转180°,让背阴面接受到更多阳光的照射;经过4-5年的培育后,台湾含笑容器苗干径平均在3.5cm以上,株高平均在2.5米以上。The open-field cultivation of large-scale seedlings is as follows: 3-year-old Taiwan Michelia seedlings enter the fast-growing period, and in early March, the 2-year-old container seedlings that have been cultivated in the seedling greenhouse cultivation period are transplanted into root-controlling containers for open-field cultivation. Apply a compound fertilizer with a mass concentration of 1% to 1.2%; April to May leaf buds germinate, and timely erase the side buds that germinate at the base; Topdressing the leaves, watering with sprinkler irrigation; stop topdressing the leaves in late August, and rotate the container seedlings 180° from time to time, so that the shady side can receive more sunlight; after 4-5 years of cultivation, Taiwan Michelle seedlings The average dry diameter is more than 3.5cm, and the average plant height is more than 2.5 meters. 2.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于所述的种子采收及贮藏具体为:10月底至11月中旬当台湾含笑果皮自绿色变为红色时采收果实,果实采收后至于阴凉处放置1-2周,除去外种皮和中种皮得到种子。2. The container seedling raising method of the cold-resistant Michelia taiwanensis germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the harvesting and storage of the seeds are specifically: harvesting when the pericarp of Michelia taiwanensis changes from green to red from the end of October to mid-November. Harvest the fruit, place the fruit in a cool place for 1-2 weeks after harvesting, remove the outer testa and middle testa to obtain the seeds. 3.根据权利要求2所述的耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于选择生长势强健、树形端正、无病虫害、树龄20年以上的台湾含笑单株为采种母树。3. the container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 2, is characterized in that the Taiwan Michelia single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and more than 20 years old is selected as the mother tree for seed collection. 4.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于所述的基质制备包括以下步骤:采用泥炭、蛭石和园土,按体积比1~1.2:1~1.2:2~2.2的比例配制,加入适量腐熟的有机肥搅拌均匀;按10g/kg的比例在基质中均匀混拌入多菌灵药剂,进行基质堆放灭菌。4. the container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described matrix preparation comprises the following steps: adopt peat, vermiculite and garden soil, by volume ratio 1~1.2:1~1.2: Prepare at a ratio of 2 to 2.2, add an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and stir evenly; mix evenly with carbendazim agent in the substrate at a ratio of 10g/kg, and carry out substrate stacking and sterilization. 5.根权利要求4所述的耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于在播种基质提前7天于大棚内配制。5. The method for raising seedlings in containers of the cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 4, characterized in that the sowing substrate is prepared in a greenhouse 7 days in advance. 6.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于所述的控根容器规格为30cm×50cm。6. The container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the specification of the root control container is 30cm×50cm. 7.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于所述的播种育苗采用塑料种植袋的规格为10cm×10cm。7. The container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic planting bag with a specification of 10cm×10cm is used for seeding seedling raising. 8.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒台湾含笑种质的容器育苗方法,其特征在于所述的大规格苗露地培育采用的栽培基质为泥炭、园土、稻壳和腐熟有机肥,按1~1.2:2~2.2:2~2.2:0.1~0.2体积比混合配制。8. the container seedling raising method of cold-resistant Taiwan Michelia germplasm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the cultivation substrate that described large-scale seedlings are cultivated in the open field is peat, garden soil, rice husk and decomposed organic fertilizer, press 1 ~ 1.2:2~2.2:2~2.2:0.1~0.2 volume ratio mixed preparation.
CN201810142210.2A 2018-02-11 2018-02-11 Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan Pending CN108651074A (en)

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Application publication date: 20181016