CN103749129A - Method for asexually and rapidly propagating homalium hainanense - Google Patents
Method for asexually and rapidly propagating homalium hainanense Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749129A CN103749129A CN201410017498.2A CN201410017498A CN103749129A CN 103749129 A CN103749129 A CN 103749129A CN 201410017498 A CN201410017498 A CN 201410017498A CN 103749129 A CN103749129 A CN 103749129A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for asexually and rapidly propagating homalium hainanense. The method includes working procedures for collecting seeds, constructing cutting orchards, managing mother plants, collecting shoots for cutting, performing cutting and managing cutting seedlings, and particularly includes selecting excellent and healthy mature trees without disease and pest injury to be used as mother trees for seed collection; collecting the seeds and conventionally accelerating germination of the seeds; transplanting sprouts of the seeds on seedling growing beds to culture seedlings and using the seedling growing beds as the cutting orchards; pruning tops of the seedlings to promote germination; cultivating totally-lignified branches to be used as the cutting scions; performing cutting on the scions in container cups filled with media; cultivating cutting seedlings to acquire the excellent and healthy cutting seedlings of the homalium hainanense. The method for asexually and rapidly propagating the homalium hainanense has the advantages that the homalium hainanense can be asexually propagated by means of cutting, so that the seedlings keep original excellent genetic characters of female parents, large quantities of seedlings can be neatly outputted from the orchards, the problem of shortage in improved varieties due to massive development of the homalium hainanense can be solved, afforestation development of the homalium hainanense can be accelerated, living requirements of people on furniture made of precious wood can be met, and the method has an important significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense.
Background technology
Homalium hainanense (Homalium hainanense), the evergreen megaphanerophyte of Samydaceae Homalium, claims again female life, the height of tree can reach 40 meters.Suitable be born in southwest China to east, the Precious Timber Species in Hainan Island particularly, in Guangdong, introduce a fine variety on the ground such as other areas, Fujian, Guangxi, grow fair, most area is blossomed and beared fruit, homalium hainanense is broad-leaved evergreen, tree body grace, trunk is perfectly straight, is the good green tree species of a kind of suitable " four is other " plantation.Children's age, slightly resistance to giving shade, set greatly light requirement strong.Timber bronzing, texture is perfectly straight, wooden tough and tensile, texture densification, flexible, is shipbuilding, bridge, pillow material, furniture, water conservancy project and carpentry timber.Homalium hainanense is conventionally with sowing and breeding nursery stock, but its capsule is easy to come off after ripe, and seed lost vitality in 3 months, and germination rate is extremely low, and nursery germination percent only has 30% left and right, and the offspring of seed growing easily morphs, and nursery stock is uneven.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of cost low, and germination rate is high, is beneficial to the asexual quick-breeding method of homalium hainanense of Conservation and development homalium hainanense.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense, comprise seed collection, set up cutting orchard, maternal plant management, gather cuttings, cuttage and cuttage seeding management operation, select the adult tree carpentery workshop seed collecting elite stand of good stalwartness without damage by disease and insect, gather seed and carry out conventional vernalization, transplant on the furrow of growing seedlings and cultivate seedling as cutting orchard, cutting top urgees to sprout, cultivate full lignification branch and make cuttage fringe bar, by tloig-cutlage in installing the container cup of matrix, cultivate cuttage seeding, obtain the homalium hainanense cuttage seeding of good stalwartness; Concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed collection: select the adult tree carpentery workshop seed collecting elite stand of good stalwartness without damage by disease and insect, when January in July～August or December to next year, capsule was ripe, seed collecting fruit, it is indoor that to be accumulated to kind of shell corruption soft, and with clear water, clear Xian is clean, obtains seed;
(2) set up cutting orchard: by 65～75 ℃ of hot-water soaks for seed, after naturally cooling, continue to soak 24h, be sowed on clean wet husky bed, cover the fine sand of thick 2～3cm, sprinkle clear water, the shading screen of lid 65～75% degree of shading shades, and keeps during this time suitable humidity; With superphosphate, garbage disposal are fertile, mix and mix thoroughly with the ground surface soil of growing seedlings, play into the furrow of growing seedlings stand-by: until seed, sprout while having 2 pairs of complete leaves, little transplantation of seedlings is planted by specification to the furrow of growing seedlings, the conventional composite fertilizer using of dispenser during plantation, after planting, drench normal root water, the shading screen of lid 65～75% degree of shading shades;
(3) maternal plant management: plant and open shading screen after 30～35 days and accept full exposure, apply fertilizer interval time; Plant after 40～45 days, by profit, cut short the sprouting of pinching, regularly spray routinely microbial inoculum diseases prevention, during damaged by vermin, spray insecticide desinsection;
(4) gather cuttings: gather rudiment row culture cuttage cuttings, prune cuttage cuttings;
(5) cuttage: adopt yellow soil and fine sand as cutting medium, first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cuttage furrow, the potassium permanganate that cuttage the previous day is 2～5% by mass concentration is to the disinfection of cuttage furrow; Inserting in cutting medium after quickly dipped section under cuttings somatotropin paste, the cuttage degree of depth is 2.5～4cm, the normal root water of drenching;
(6) cuttage seeding management: cover film and shading screen after cuttage, the surrounding of film and shade net is all used dirt seal, in cutting bed, air humidity is 85～95%, every 7～10 days, open film and shading screen ventilation, trickle, spray microbial inoculum and foliage fertilizer mixed liquor, after 0.5h, reseal film and shading screen; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film is raised, continue to shade, and in early before 11, draw shading screens at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination; Spike length to be inserted can be raised shading screen after going out 3 pairs of young leaves, and then completely illumination drenched every 8～10 days and executed composite fertilizer's liquid manure that routine that mass concentration is 0.4～0.8% is used, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, until grow up to the qualified homalium hainanense seedling of complete stalwartness.
Above-described seed collecting elite stand is to select plantation more than 25 years, the excellent strain of ripe homalium hainanense that trunk is perfectly straight.
The described furrow of growing seedlings of above step (2) are first cutting orchard to be turned over and smashed, and evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/ mu, garbage disposal fertilizer 200～300Kg/ mu, stir evenly with the ground surface soil of growing seedlings, and playing into furrow face width is the furrow of growing seedlings of 1m.
The described specification of planting of above step (2) is that the seeding row spacing of seedling is 15～20cm × 25～30cm.
The method of the composite fertilizer that the described dispenser routine of above step (2) is used is on the first furrow of growing seedlings, to start ditch when plantation, open a line plantation a line, row ditch depth 10～20cm, composite fertilizer routine being used by the amount of 2g～4g/ strain is evenly sprinkled into row bottom of trench, stir with soil, earthing plantation seedling, plants rear pouring normal root water again.
The described fertilising of above step (3) is plantation after 15～18 days, drenches that to execute mass concentration be 1.5～2.0% Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure in the ranks, drenches that to execute a mass concentration be 2.0～2.5% Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure every 20 days～25 days in the ranks later; Each gather fringe bar within first 10 days, to spray mass concentration be that 1～2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes fringe bar lignification; Each collection after fringe bar, it is 2.0～2.5% conventional composite fertilizer's liquid manure that use that a mass concentration is executed in pouring in the ranks.
Above-described short the sprouting of pinching is to retain from base portion up 3～5 pairs of leaves, to cut go up partly cut completely by profit.
Above-described cuttage cuttings is the long 18～24cm of rudiment branch, during the complete lignification of the thick 0.2～0.3cm of base portion, from rudiment branch base portion, cuts and obtains; It is the leaf that retains half on the top of cuttings that described cuttings is pruned, and the leaf of bottom all cuts off, and lower end is cut into angle shape from eye 1cm place.
Above-described cutting medium is that 7～8 parts of yellow soils are mixed thoroughly and packed in container cup with 2～3 parts of fine sands.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense of the present invention, use cuttage to carry out vegetative propagation homalium hainanense, both made nursery stock keep maternal original good genetic character, the nursery stock in enormous quantities that neatly goes out garden can be provided again, solve the problem that homalium hainanense develops breeding shortage in a large number, the afforestation development and the people that accelerate homalium hainanense are lived to precious solid wood furniture demand, there is extremely important meaning.
2, the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense of the present invention, suitablely executes organic base manure and the plantation maternal plant of topdressing, and makes that its growth is fast, rudiment is many, improves reproduction coefficient, sprays short its lignification of foliage fertilizer before gathering cuttings, improves cuttage survival rate.
3, the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense of the present invention, cutting medium mixes with fine sand with yellow soil, makes matrix loose moderate, and existing certain permeability has again certain preserve moisture and fertility ability, improves cuttage survival rate.
4, the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense of the present invention, has that reproduction speed is fast, method simple, a processing ease, feature that survival rate is high, keeps good hereditary capacity, has good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
The asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense, selects plantation 25 years, and trunk is perfectly straight, good stalwartness is done seed collecting elite stand without the excellent strain of ripe homalium hainanense of damage by disease and insect, when July, capsule was ripe, and seed collecting fruit, indoor to be accumulated to kind of shell corruption soft, and with clear water, clear Xian is clean, obtains seed.By 65 ℃ of hot-water soaks for seed, after naturally cooling, continue to soak 24h, be sowed at clean wet husky bed upper, cover the fine sand of thick 2cm, sprinkle clear water, the shading screen of lid 65% degree of shading shades, and keeps during this time suitable humidity.Cutting orchard is turned over and smashed, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/ mu, the fertile 200Kg/ mu of garbage disposal, stir evenly with the ground surface soil of growing seedlings, play into the furrow of growing seedlings that furrow face width is 1m stand-by.Until seed, sprout while having 2 pairs of complete leaves, little transplantation of seedlings, to the furrow of growing seedlings, by the seeding row spacing of seedling, be that 15cm × 25cm specification is planted, when plantation, on the first furrow of growing seedlings, start ditch, open a line plantation a line, row ditch depth 10cm, composite fertilizer routine being used by the amount of 2g/ strain is evenly sprinkled into row bottom of trench, stir with soil, earthing plantation seedling, plants rear pouring normal root water again, and the shading screen of lid 65% degree of shading shades.
Plant and after 30 days, open shading screen and accept full exposure, fertilising interval time, after plantation 15 days, drench that to execute mass concentration be on 1.5% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure in the ranks, every 20 days, drench that to execute a mass concentration be on 2.0% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure later in the ranks; Each gather fringe bar within first 10 days, to spray mass concentration be that 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes fringe bar lignification; Each collection after fringe bar, it is the 2.0% conventional composite fertilizer's liquid manure using that a mass concentration is executed in pouring in the ranks.Planting after 40 days, by profit, cut short the sprouting of pinching, is to retain from base portion up 3 pairs of leaves, to cut go up partly cut completely by profit.To maternal plant, regularly spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention routinely, during damaged by vermin, spray insecticide desinsection.
As the long 18～20cm of rudiment branch, during the complete lignification of the thick 0.2cm of base portion, from rudiment branch base portion, cut as cuttage cuttings; The leaf that retains half on the top of cuttings, the leaf of bottom all cuts off, the cuttage cuttings after lower end is cut into angle shape and is pruned from eye 1cm place.2 parts of 7 parts of yellow soils and fine sands are mixed thoroughly and obtained cutting medium, first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cuttage furrow, the potassium permanganate that cuttage the previous day is 2% by mass concentration is to the disinfection of cuttage furrow; Inserting in cutting medium after quickly dipped section under cuttage cuttings somatotropin paste, the cuttage degree of depth is 2.5cm, the normal root water of drenching.
Cover film and shading screen after cuttage, the surrounding of film and shade net is all used dirt seal, in cutting bed, air humidity is 85%, opens film and shading screen ventilation, trickle, sprays microbial inoculum and foliage fertilizer mixed liquor every 7 days, reseals film and shading screen after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film is raised, continue to shade, and in early before 11, draw shading screens at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination; Spike length to be inserted can be raised shading screen after going out 3 pairs of young leaves, and then completely illumination drenched every 8 days and executed composite fertilizer's liquid manure that routine that mass concentration is 0.4% is used, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, until grow up to the qualified homalium hainanense seedling of complete stalwartness.
Embodiment 2:
The asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense, selects plantation 27 years, and trunk is perfectly straight, good stalwartness is done seed collecting elite stand without the excellent strain of ripe homalium hainanense of damage by disease and insect, when August, capsule was ripe, and seed collecting fruit, indoor to be accumulated to kind of shell corruption soft, and with clear water, clear Xian is clean, obtains seed.By 70 ℃ of hot-water soaks for seed, after naturally cooling, continue to soak 24h, be sowed at clean wet husky bed upper, cover the fine sand of thick 2cm, sprinkle clear water, the shading screen of lid 70% degree of shading shades, and keeps during this time suitable humidity.Cutting orchard is turned over and smashed, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/ mu, the fertile 200Kg/ mu of garbage disposal, stir evenly with the earth's surface of growing seedlings, play into the furrow of growing seedlings that furrow face width is 1m stand-by.Until seed, sprout while having 2 pairs of complete leaves, little transplantation of seedlings, to the furrow of growing seedlings, by the seeding row spacing of seedling, be that 20cm × 25cm specification is planted, when plantation, on the first furrow of growing seedlings, start ditch, open a line plantation a line, row ditch depth 15cm, composite fertilizer routine being used by the amount of 2g/ strain is evenly sprinkled into row bottom of trench, stir with soil, earthing plantation seedling, plants rear pouring normal root water again, and the shading screen of lid 70% degree of shading shades.
Plant and after 35 days, open shading screen and accept full exposure, fertilising interval time, after plantation 15 days, drench that to execute mass concentration be on 1.7% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure in the ranks, every 20 days, drench that to execute a mass concentration be on 2.0% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure later in the ranks; Each gather fringe bar within first 10 days, to spray mass concentration be that 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes fringe bar lignification; Each collection after fringe bar, it is the 2.0% conventional composite fertilizer's liquid manure using that a mass concentration is executed in pouring in the ranks.Planting after 40 days, by profit, cut short the sprouting of pinching, is to retain from base portion up 4 pairs of leaves, to cut go up partly cut completely by profit.To maternal plant, regularly spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention routinely, during damaged by vermin, spray insecticide desinsection.
As the long 18～20cm of rudiment branch, during the complete lignification of the thick 0.2cm of base portion, from rudiment branch base portion, cut as cuttage cuttings; The leaf that retains half on the top of cuttings, the leaf of bottom all cuts off, the cuttage cuttings after lower end is cut into angle shape and is pruned from eye 1cm place.3 parts of 7 parts of yellow soils and fine sands are mixed thoroughly and obtained cutting medium, first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cuttage furrow, the potassium permanganate that cuttage the previous day is 3% by mass concentration is to the disinfection of cuttage furrow; Inserting in cutting medium after quickly dipped section under cuttage cuttings somatotropin paste, the cuttage degree of depth is 3cm, the normal root water of drenching.
Cover film and shading screen after cuttage, the surrounding of film and shade net is all used dirt seal, in cutting bed, air humidity is 90%, opens film and shading screen ventilation, trickle, sprays microbial inoculum and foliage fertilizer mixed liquor every 8 days, reseals film and shading screen after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film is raised, continue to shade, and in early before 11, draw shading screens at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination; Spike length to be inserted can be raised shading screen after going out 3 pairs of young leaves, and then completely illumination drenched every 9 days and executed composite fertilizer's liquid manure that routine that mass concentration is 0.5% is used, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, until grow up to the qualified homalium hainanense seedling of complete stalwartness.
Embodiment 3:
The asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense, selects plantation 30 years, and trunk is perfectly straight, good stalwartness is done seed collecting elite stand without the excellent strain of ripe homalium hainanense of damage by disease and insect, when December, capsule was ripe, and seed collecting fruit, indoor to be accumulated to kind of shell corruption soft, and with clear water, clear Xian is clean, obtains seed.By 70 ℃ of hot-water soaks for seed, after naturally cooling, continue to soak 24h, be sowed at clean wet husky bed upper, cover the fine sand of thick 3cm, sprinkle clear water, the shading screen of lid 75% degree of shading shades, and keeps during this time suitable humidity.Cutting orchard is turned over and smashed, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/ mu, the fertile 300Kg/ mu of garbage disposal, stir evenly with the earth's surface of growing seedlings, play into the furrow of growing seedlings that furrow face width is 1m stand-by.Until seed, sprout while having 2 pairs of complete leaves, little transplantation of seedlings, to the furrow of growing seedlings, by the seeding row spacing of seedling, be that 15cm × 30cm specification is planted, when plantation, on the first furrow of growing seedlings, start ditch, open a line plantation a line, row ditch depth 15cm, composite fertilizer routine being used by the amount of 4g/ strain is evenly sprinkled into row bottom of trench, stir with soil, earthing plantation seedling, plants rear pouring normal root water again, and the shading screen of lid 75% degree of shading shades.
Plant and after 35 days, open shading screen and accept full exposure, fertilising interval time, after plantation 16 days, drench that to execute mass concentration be on 1.8% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure in the ranks, every 22 days, drench that to execute a mass concentration be on 2.3% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure later in the ranks; Each gather fringe bar within first 10 days, to spray mass concentration be that 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes fringe bar lignification; Each collection after fringe bar, it is the 2.3% conventional composite fertilizer's liquid manure using that a mass concentration is executed in pouring in the ranks.Planting after 45 days, by profit, cut short the sprouting of pinching, is to retain from base portion up 5 pairs of leaves, to cut go up partly cut completely by profit.To maternal plant, regularly spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention routinely, during damaged by vermin, spray insecticide desinsection.
As the long 20～22cm of rudiment branch, during the complete lignification of the thick 0.3cm of base portion, from rudiment branch base portion, cut as cuttage cuttings; The leaf that retains half on the top of cuttings, the leaf of bottom all cuts off, the cuttage cuttings after lower end is cut into angle shape and is pruned from eye 1cm place.2 parts of 8 parts of yellow soils and fine sands are mixed thoroughly and obtained cutting medium, first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cuttage furrow, the potassium permanganate that cuttage the previous day is 4% by mass concentration is to the disinfection of cuttage furrow; Inserting in cutting medium after quickly dipped section under cuttage cuttings somatotropin paste, the cuttage degree of depth is 3.5cm, the normal root water of drenching.
Cover film and shading screen after cuttage, the surrounding of film and shade net is all used dirt seal, in cutting bed, air humidity is 95%, opens film and shading screen ventilation, trickle, sprays microbial inoculum and foliage fertilizer mixed liquor every 9 days, reseals film and shading screen after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film is raised, continue to shade, and in early before 11, draw shading screens at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination; Spike length to be inserted can be raised shading screen after going out 3 pairs of young leaves, and then completely illumination drenched every 9 days and executed composite fertilizer's liquid manure that routine that mass concentration is 0.6% is used, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, until grow up to the qualified homalium hainanense seedling of complete stalwartness.
Embodiment 4:
The asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense, selects plantation 32 years, and trunk is perfectly straight, good stalwartness is done seed collecting elite stand without the excellent strain of ripe homalium hainanense of damage by disease and insect, when January in next year, capsule was ripe, and seed collecting fruit, indoor to be accumulated to kind of shell corruption soft, and with clear water, clear Xian is clean, obtains seed.By 75 ℃ of hot-water soaks for seed, after naturally cooling, continue to soak 24h, be sowed at clean wet husky bed upper, cover the fine sand of thick 3cm, sprinkle clear water, the shading screen of lid 75% degree of shading shades, and keeps during this time suitable humidity.Cutting orchard is turned over and smashed, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/ mu, the fertile 300Kg/ mu of garbage disposal, stir evenly with the earth's surface of growing seedlings, play into the furrow of growing seedlings that furrow face width is 1m stand-by.Until seed, sprout while having 2 pairs of complete leaves, little transplantation of seedlings, to the furrow of growing seedlings, by the seeding row spacing of seedling, be that 20cm × 30cm specification is planted, when plantation, on the first furrow of growing seedlings, start ditch, open a line plantation a line, row ditch depth 20cm, composite fertilizer routine being used by the amount of 4g/ strain is evenly sprinkled into row bottom of trench, stir with soil, earthing plantation seedling, plants rear pouring normal root water again, and the shading screen of lid 75% degree of shading shades.
Plant and after 35 days, open shading screen and accept full exposure, fertilising interval time, after plantation 18 days, drench that to execute mass concentration be on 2.0% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure in the ranks, every 25 days, drench that to execute a mass concentration be on 2.5% market, to buy Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure later in the ranks; Each gather fringe bar within first 10 days, to spray mass concentration be that 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes fringe bar lignification; Each collection after fringe bar, it is the 2.5% conventional composite fertilizer's liquid manure using that a mass concentration is executed in pouring in the ranks.Planting after 45 days, by profit, cut short the sprouting of pinching, is to retain from base portion up 5 pairs of leaves, to cut go up partly cut completely by profit.To maternal plant, regularly spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention routinely, during damaged by vermin, spray insecticide desinsection.
As the long 22～24cm of rudiment branch, during the complete lignification of the thick 0.3cm of base portion, from rudiment branch base portion, cut as cuttage cuttings; The leaf that retains half on the top of cuttings, the leaf of bottom all cuts off, the cuttage cuttings after lower end is cut into angle shape and is pruned from eye 1cm place.3 parts of 8 parts of yellow soils and fine sands are mixed thoroughly and obtained cutting medium, first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cuttage furrow, the potassium permanganate that cuttage the previous day is 5% by mass concentration is to the disinfection of cuttage furrow; Inserting in cutting medium after quickly dipped section under cuttage cuttings somatotropin paste, the cuttage degree of depth is 4cm, the normal root water of drenching.
Cover film and shading screen after cuttage, the surrounding of film and shade net is all used dirt seal, in cutting bed, air humidity is 95%, opens film and shading screen ventilation, trickle, sprays microbial inoculum and foliage fertilizer mixed liquor every 10 days, reseals film and shading screen after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film is raised, continue to shade, and in early before 11, draw shading screens at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination; Spike length to be inserted can be raised shading screen after going out 3 pairs of young leaves, and then completely illumination drenched every 10 days and executed composite fertilizer's liquid manure that routine that mass concentration is 0.8% is used, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, until grow up to the qualified homalium hainanense seedling of complete stalwartness.
Claims (9)
1. the asexual quick-breeding method of homalium hainanense, comprise seed collection, set up cutting orchard, maternal plant management, gather cuttings, cuttage and cuttage seeding management operation, it is waited to levy and is: select the adult tree carpentery workshop seed collecting elite stand of good stalwartness without damage by disease and insect, gather seed and carry out conventional vernalization, transplant on the furrow of growing seedlings and cultivate seedling as cutting orchard, cutting top urgees to sprout, cultivate full lignification branch and make cuttage fringe bar, by tloig-cutlage in installing the container cup of matrix, cultivate cuttage seeding, obtain the homalium hainanense cuttage seeding of good stalwartness; Concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed collection: select the adult tree carpentery workshop seed collecting elite stand of good stalwartness without damage by disease and insect, when January in July～August or December to next year, capsule was ripe, seed collecting fruit, it is indoor that to be accumulated to kind of shell corruption soft, and with clear water, clear Xian is clean, obtains seed;
(2) set up cutting orchard: by 65～75 ℃ of hot-water soaks for seed, after naturally cooling, continue to soak 24h, be sowed on clean wet husky bed, cover the fine sand of thick 2～3cm, sprinkle clear water, the shading screen of lid 65～75% degree of shading shades, and keeps during this time suitable humidity; With superphosphate, garbage disposal are fertile, mix and mix thoroughly with the ground surface soil of growing seedlings, play into the furrow of growing seedlings stand-by: until seed, sprout while having 2 pairs of complete leaves, little transplantation of seedlings is planted by specification to the furrow of growing seedlings, the conventional composite fertilizer using of dispenser during plantation, after planting, drench normal root water, the shading screen of lid 65～75% degree of shading shades;
(3) maternal plant management: plant and open shading screen after 30～35 days and accept full exposure, apply fertilizer interval time; Plant after 40～45 days, by profit, cut short the sprouting of pinching, regularly spray routinely microbial inoculum diseases prevention, during damaged by vermin, spray insecticide desinsection;
(4) gather cuttings: gather rudiment row culture cuttage cuttings, prune cuttage cuttings;
(5) cuttage: adopt yellow soil and fine sand as cutting medium, first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cuttage furrow, the potassium permanganate that cuttage the previous day is 2～5% by mass concentration is to the disinfection of cuttage furrow; Inserting in cutting medium after quickly dipped section under cuttings somatotropin paste, the cuttage degree of depth is 2.5～4cm, the normal root water of drenching;
(6) cuttage seeding management: cover film and shading screen after cuttage, the surrounding of film and shade net is all used dirt seal, in cutting bed, air humidity is 85～95%, every 7～10 days, open film and shading screen ventilation, trickle, spray microbial inoculum and foliage fertilizer mixed liquor, after 0.5h, reseal film and shading screen; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film is raised, continue to shade, and in early before 11, draw shading screens at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination; Spike length to be inserted can be raised shading screen after going out 3 pairs of young leaves, and then completely illumination drenched every 8～10 days and executed composite fertilizer's liquid manure that routine that mass concentration is 0.4～0.8% is used, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, until grow up to the qualified homalium hainanense seedling of complete stalwartness.
2. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seed collecting elite stand is to select plantation more than 25 years, the excellent strain of ripe homalium hainanense that trunk is perfectly straight.
3. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described furrow of growing seedlings of step (2) are first cutting orchard to be turned over and smashed, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/ mu, garbage disposal fertilizer 200～300Kg/ mu, stir evenly with the ground surface soil of growing seedlings, playing into furrow face width is the furrow of growing seedlings of 1m.
4. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described specification of planting of step (2) is that the seeding row spacing of seedling is 15～20cm × 25～30cm.
5. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method for the composite fertilizer that the described dispenser routine of step (2) is used is on the first furrow of growing seedlings, to start ditch when plantation, open a line plantation a line, row ditch depth 10～20cm, composite fertilizer routine being used by the amount of 2～4g/ strain is evenly sprinkled into row bottom of trench, stir with soil, then earthing plantation seedling, rear pouring normal root water planted.
6. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described fertilising of step (3) is that plantation is after 15～18 days, drench that to execute mass concentration be 1.5～2.0% Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure in the ranks, every 20 days～25 days, drench that to execute a mass concentration be 2.0～2.5% Muscovite composite fertilizer liquid manure later in the ranks; Each gather fringe bar within first 10 days, to spray mass concentration be that 1～2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes fringe bar lignification; Each collection after fringe bar, it is 2.0～2.5% conventional composite fertilizer's liquid manure that use that a mass concentration is executed in pouring in the ranks.
7. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described short the sprouting of pinching is to retain from base portion up 3～5 pairs of leaves, to cut go up partly cut completely by profit.
8. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cuttage cuttings is the long 18～24cm of rudiment branch, during the complete lignification of the thick 0.2～0.3cm of base portion, from rudiment branch base portion, cuts and obtains; It is the leaf that retains half on the top of cuttings that described cuttings is pruned, and the leaf of bottom all cuts off, and lower end is cut into angle shape from eye 1cm place.
9. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of homalium hainanense according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cutting medium is that 7～8 parts of yellow soils are mixed thoroughly and packed in container cup with 2～3 parts of fine sands.
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