CN103069980B - Cultivation method of dalmatian chrysan themum - Google Patents
Cultivation method of dalmatian chrysan themum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of dalmatian chrysan themum, which belongs to the field of the plant cultivation, and the cultivation method comprises the steps such as pretreatment of seeds, preparation of a nursery garden, seeding, management of a seedbed, transplanting cultivation, post-cultivation management, harvesting and division propagation, and the method comprises all steps in the cultivation of the dalmatian chrysan themum. By adopting the seed breeding and division propagation of dalmatian chrysan themum, the cost is low, the cultivation management is simple, and the transplanting survival rate is high; and the yield of flowers, seeds and stems is high, the seed size is large, the quality is good, average weight of every one thousand seeds is 0.6023g, and the income is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, be specifically related to a kind of technology of utilizing the seminal propagation chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium is Shuangzi herbaceous plant medicine composite family, the chrysanthemum artemisia, and all sorts of flowers Dalmatian chrysanthemum kind, 19th century introduced from Yugoslavia, and cauline leaf, flowers and fruits are all raw materials of making the vegetable source pesticide agricultural chemicals, poisonous to saving sufficient class animal, fish, the amphibian animal insects that creep.Lower to birds, mammal toxicity, noresidue, pollution-free.Therefore be the best pesticide species of selecting in green, organic foodstuff production process.
Chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium plant height 30-80 centimetre, the complete stool celadon, leaf is by grayish green down.The main root taper shape, reach 20-40 centimetre in lateral root pogoniasis shape distribution soil.The stem multi-branched, grow 7-15 one-level branch from main root, can grow 12-50 second branch from the one-level branch, then from second branch the pumping sprig, the growth of bunch shape, the low level branch in the one-level branch can have the root system formation of burying of one's own.Blade ovum shape or square circle, the middle and lower part blade has handle to reach 5-30 centimetre, along there being the pinna rachis pinniform of sticking up to totally cleave, shallow splitting or drastic crack of accessory pinna, the accessory pinna bar shaped is returned to square circle shape in end, top point obtuse.Capitulum, the Dan Shengzhi top, ligulate flower white, petal is the 14-20 sheet, tip three splits, the vertical rib of tool three, middle part tubulose (male flower) yellow 5 splits, and seed achene shape is elongated, and turbination has 4-5 bar edges and corners smooth.
Wide adaptability, happiness sunlight, happiness water is afraid of waterlogging, warm cold air is waited suitable growth.Self-pollination, all can cultivate throughout the year, and the flower primordium differentiation is subject to the low temperature solar radiation, belongs to more year biology.No matter spring, summer, the cultivation of autumn sowing kind all need the Second Year spring and summer to bloom.
Chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium adopts division propagation or tissue culture propagating at present, and the cost that tissue is cultivated is higher, survival rate is low, needs the preparation medium, the propagation technique complexity.And the current technical scheme about the overall process of not full disclosure culture technique in the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned technical problem existed in prior art, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, comprise the seed pretreatment, arrange nursery, manage after sowing, seedbed management, implanting and cultivating, cultivation, gather, the process such as division propagation, this technology has comprised all step process in the cultivation of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, and adopts this culture technique can obtain flower, seed, the stem of the chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium of high-quality, high yield.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above and to reach above-mentioned technique effect, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, comprise the steps:
1) seed pretreatment: seed takes out after soaking 5～8h, with 20～30 times of weight fine sands of seed or scorched clay dust, stir, the water content of fine sand or scorched clay dust is 25～30%, in 10-20 ℃ of lower vernalization 5～6 days, then enlarge and mix thoroughly and can sow step by step through 2～3 grades with 10～15 times of weight loam of seed or scorched clay dust;
2) arrange nursery: turn over, beat the fine earth piece, every mu of nursery applies fertilizer 1000～2000kg, then turns over and once make fertilizer mix with soil, opens railway carriage or compartment;
3) sowing: divide three evenly sowings through the pretreated seed of step 1), after planting the railway carriage or compartment face covers the stalk that one deck breaks apart by chopping;
4) seedbed management: keep the railway carriage or compartment face moistening, within 16～18 days, emerge, 25～30 days neat seedlings, choose crowded seedling, weak seedling, more every mu applies fertilizer 500-1000kg;
5) implanting and cultivating: height of seedling is 6～9cm, transplants to field, transplants every mu, field and applies 2000～3000kg fertilizer, then turn over and rake, and opens railway carriage or compartment, the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment, and railway carriage or compartment furrow width 0.3m, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm holds back of the body ditch, Zhong Gou successfully simultaneously;
6) management after the cultivation: inspection in 10～15 days after cultivation, mend and plant the scarce cave of dead seedling, plant latter 25～30 days, select overcast and rainy applying to carry seed manure.
Further technical scheme is: the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, and also comprise and gathering, described gathering comprises the steps:
1) pick flowers: when corolla does not launch fully, the whole base of a fruit is plucked and is not with anthocaulus, and with adopting with solarization, shining to spending base of a fruit water content is 6～12%, harvesting;
2) collect seed: select anosis plot to collect seed, seed maturity when flower base of a fruit green portion blackout is withered, the seed of gathering, dry harvesting;
3) cut stem: pick flowers after end, the old stem branch apart from ground more than 3～4 centimetres prescinds, and dries harvesting.
Further technical scheme is: the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, also comprise division propagation, and described division propagation is to have had the branch plant of root system in the low level branch cut in branch for the first time of one's own, carries out implanting and cultivating.
Further technical scheme is: the consumption of seed described in step 1) is every mu of nursery 500g-600g.
Further technical scheme is: step 2) the described railway carriage or compartment of opening is the wide 1～1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 30cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm, middle furrow width 50cm, middle ditch depth 20cm.
Further technical scheme is: apply described in step 6) and carry seed manure and be every mu and apply 5～6kg urea or 10～15kg composite fertilizer.
Further technical scheme is: transplant field transplanting 3300～5500 strains for every mu in the described implanting and cultivating of step 5), seeding row spacing is 0.3m * 0.4m～0.4m * 0.5m.
Further technical scheme is: the rear management of the described cultivation of step 6) also comprises: prevent flooding damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging rainy season, zanjon draining in time; Dry season, anti-arid blade was withered and yellow, filled with and soaked railway carriage or compartment water for 3-4 time; The posterior division of surviving the winter growth is rapid, and the blade Fast Growth is hidden between strain, easily sends out stalk break, leaf rust, with carbendazim, powder rust spirit control, if discovery sclerotium diseased plant should be pulled out.
Further technical scheme is: step 3) is described cuts stem and also is included in and cuts after stem every mu and apply fertilizer 30～50kg, shallow scarifying soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt cultivating seeds, division propagation chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, cost is low, and cultivation management is simple, and transplanting survival rate is high; The output of flower, seed, stem is high, and seed particle size is large, quality good, the heavy 0.6023g of average every thousand seeds, and income is high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is made further explanation and description.
The cultivation of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, but equal seedling raising and transplanting throughout the year, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 7-8 month grows seedlings, and the 9-10 month transplants, and can avoid the work of repeatedly watering.
The cultivation of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium comprises the steps:
The seed pretreatment: seed installs with bundle, soak 5～8h, make to take out seed after the abundant imbibition of seed, with 20～30 times of weight fine sands of seed or scorched clay dust, stir, the water content of fine sand or scorched clay dust is 25～30%, is placed in earth in 10-20 ℃ of lower vernalization 5～6 days, now plumule shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, enlarge and mix thoroughly step by step through 2～3 grades with 10～15 times of weight loam of seed or scorched clay dust again, can sow, so that seed is evenly sowed and nursery after enlarging.
Arrange nursery: select glutinous husky moderate plot to do nursery, turn over, beat the fine earth piece, every mu of nursery applies fertilizer 1000～2000kg, turn over again and once make fertilizer mix with soil, open railway carriage or compartment, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, opening railway carriage or compartment is the wide 1～1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 30cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm, middle furrow width 50cm, middle ditch depth 20cm.
Sowing: divide three evenly sowings through the pretreated seed of step 1, after planting the railway carriage or compartment face covers the stalk that one deck breaks apart by chopping, to prevent that the sun is exposed to the sun or heavy rain washes away.
Seedbed management: keep the railway carriage or compartment face moistening, within 16～18 days, emerge, 25～30 days neat seedlings, choose crowded seedling, weak seedling, more every mu applies fertilizer 500-1000kg.
Implanting and cultivating: height of seedling is 6～9cm, transplants to field, transplants every mu, field and applies 2000～3000kg fertilizer, then turn over and rake, open railway carriage or compartment, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 0.3m, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm holds back of the body ditch, Zhong Gou successfully simultaneously, is convenient to irrigation and drainage.Seeding row spacing is depending on soil fertility, and the transplanting field seeding row spacing in fertility is 0.4 * 0.5 meter, and the transplanting field seeding row spacing under in fertility is 0.3 * 0.4 meter, can transplant the 3300-5500 strain for every mu.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, implanting and cultivating selects the cloudy day to transplant, and the transplant balled transplanting is planted in cave, waters simultaneously and makes root soil in conjunction with improving survival rate.
Management after planting: within after planting 10～15 days, check, mend and plant dead seedling and lack cave, the last planting 25～30 days, select overcast and rainy applying to carry seed manure, according to embodiments of the invention, apply and carry seed manure and be every mu and apply 5～6kg urea or 10～15kg composite fertilizer.Simultaneously, prevent flooding damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging rainy season, zanjon draining in time; Dry season, anti-arid blade was withered and yellow, filled with and soaked railway carriage or compartment water for 3-4 time; The posterior division of surviving the winter growth is rapid, and the blade Fast Growth is hidden between strain, easily sends out stalk break, leaf rust, with carbendazim, powder rust spirit control, if discovery sclerotium diseased plant should be pulled out.
Gather: comprise and pick flowers, collect seed and cut stem.Table 1 has been listed output and the per mu yield thereof of flower, seed, stem while gathering First Year.Second Year, the output of the 3rd year are higher than the output of First Year.
1) pick flowers: when corolla does not launch fully, the whole base of a fruit is plucked and is not with anthocaulus, and in now spending, medicinal composition is high, and with adopting with solarization, shining to spending base of a fruit water content is 6～12%, harvesting;
2) collect seed: select anosis plot to collect seed, seed maturity when flower base of a fruit green portion blackout is withered, the seed of gathering, dry harvesting;
3) cut stem: pick flowers after end, the old stem branch apart from ground more than 3～4 centimetres prescinds, and dries harvesting.Cut stem complete after every mu spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 30-50kg, more shallow scarifying soil, to inspire shoot.
Division propagation: cut the branch plant that has had root system in the low level branch in branch for the first time of one's own, carry out implanting and cultivating, the survival rate that plant division is transplanted is high, and survival rate is more than 95%.Plant division transplant spring, summer, autumn all can, preferably select overcast and rainy transplanting, after transplanting, water, keep soil moistening.
According to another embodiment of the invention, implanting and cultivating can field, in cultivation in flakes, also can on the ridge bank in crops or fruit tree garden, cultivate, also can be potted plant or canopy plant.
Table 1: the output of First Year flower, seed, stem
| ? | Area (mu) | Weight (kg) | Per mu yield (kg/ mu) | Thousand kernel weight (g) |
| Seed | 0.082 | 2.85 | 34.75 | 0.6023 |
| Flower | 0.4 | 30.3 | 75.8 | ／ |
| Stem | 0.082 | 23.65 | 288.5 | ／ |
Although with reference to explanatory embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described here, above-described embodiment is only preferably embodiment of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments, should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art can design a lot of other modification and embodiments, and these are revised and within embodiment will drop on the disclosed principle scope and spirit of the application.
Claims (9)
1. the cultivation method of a chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) seed pretreatment: seed takes out after soaking 5～8h, with 20～30 times of weight fine sands of seed or scorched clay dust, stir, the water content of fine sand or scorched clay dust is 25～30%, in 10-20 ℃ of lower vernalization 5～6 days, then enlarge and mix thoroughly and can sow step by step through 2～3 grades with 10～15 times of weight loam of seed or scorched clay dust;
2) arrange nursery: turn over, beat the fine earth piece, every mu of nursery applies fertilizer 1000～2000kg, then turns over and once make fertilizer mix with soil, opens railway carriage or compartment;
3) sowing: divide three evenly sowings through the pretreated seed of step 1), after planting the railway carriage or compartment face covers the stalk that one deck breaks apart by chopping;
4) seedbed management: keep the railway carriage or compartment face moistening, within 16～18 days, emerge, 25～30 days neat seedlings, choose crowded seedling, weak seedling, more every mu applies fertilizer 500-1000kg;
5) implanting and cultivating: height of seedling is 6～9cm, transplants to field, transplants every mu, field and applies 2000～3000kg fertilizer, then turn over and rake, and opens railway carriage or compartment, the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 0.3m, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm;
6) management after the cultivation: inspection in 10～15 days after cultivation, mend and plant the scarce cave of dead seedling, plant latter 25～30 days, select overcast and rainy applying to carry seed manure.
2. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising and gather, and described gathering comprises the steps:
1) pick flowers: when corolla does not launch fully, the whole base of a fruit is plucked and is not with anthocaulus, and with adopting with solarization, shining to spending base of a fruit water content is 6～12%, harvesting;
2) collect seed: select anosis plot to collect seed, seed maturity when flower base of a fruit green portion blackout is withered, the seed of gathering, dry harvesting;
3) cut stem: pick flowers after end, the old stem branch apart from ground more than 3 centimetres prescinds, and dries harvesting.
3. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising division propagation, and described division propagation is to have had the branch plant of root system in the low level branch cut in branch for the first time of one's own, carries out implanting and cultivating.
4. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, the consumption that it is characterized in that seed described in step 1) is every mu of nursery 500g-600g.
5. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) the described railway carriage or compartment of opening is the wide 1～1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 30cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm, middle furrow width 50cm, middle ditch depth 20cm.
6. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that described in step 6) applying and carry seed manure and be every mu and apply 5～6kg urea or 10～15kg composite fertilizer.
7. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that transplanting field transplanting 3300～5500 strains for every mu in the described implanting and cultivating of step 5), and seeding row spacing is 0.3m * 0.4m～0.4m * 0.5m.
8. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that the rear management of the described cultivation of step 6) also comprises: prevent flooding damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging rainy season, zanjon draining in time; Dry season, anti-arid blade was withered and yellow, filled with and soaked railway carriage or compartment water for 3-4 time; The posterior division of surviving the winter growth is rapid, and the blade Fast Growth is hidden between strain, easily sends out stalk break, leaf rust, with carbendazim, powder rust spirit control, if discovery sclerotium diseased plant should be pulled out.
9. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 2, is characterized in that the described stem that cuts of step 3) also is included in and cuts after stem every mu and apply fertilizer 30～50kg, shallow scarifying soil.
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| CN106305054A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-11 | 李国强 | High-yield and high-quality culture method of Kunlun snow daisy in Nanjing area |
| CN107624634A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-26 | 安徽国丰农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of black chrysanthemum seed growing |
| CN115413552A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-12-02 | 酒泉市蓝翔园艺种苗有限责任公司 | Perennial root herbaceous flower seed production method |
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| CN1915001A (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2007-02-21 | 中国药科大学 | Technique for breeding pyrethrum of white flower |
| CN101697688A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2010-04-28 | 董克祥 | Pyrethrum cultivation technology |
| CN102792886A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2012-11-28 | 云南南宝生物科技有限责任公司 | Cultivation method of tetraploid dalmatian chrysanthemum seed |
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