CN103069980B - Cultivation method of pyrethrum leucotrichum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of pyrethrum alba, belonging to the field of plant cultivation, the cultivation method comprises the processes of seed pretreatment, nursery arrangement, sowing, seedbed management, transplanting cultivation, post-cultivation management, harvesting, plant division propagation and the like, and the method comprises all steps in the cultivation of the pyrethrum alba. The method adopts seed cultivation and plant division propagation of the white flower pyrethrum, and has low cost, simple cultivation and management and high transplanting survival rate; the yield of flowers, seeds and stems is high, the particle size of the seeds is large, the quality is good, the average weight of each thousand seeds is 0.6023g, and the income is high.

Description

Cultivation method of white pyrethrum

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating pyrethrum alba, in particular to a technique for propagating pyrethrum albicans by using seeds.

Background technique

Pyrethrum albiflora is a gemini herbal medicine of the family Asteraceae, Artemisia genus, Pyrethrum species, introduced from Yugoslavia in the 19th century, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits are raw materials for making botanical insecticidal pesticides, effective for arthropods, fish, amphibians Reptiles are poisonous. It has low toxicity to birds and mammals, no residue and no pollution. Therefore, it is the best pesticide variety selected in the production process of green and organic food.

The plant height of Pyrethrum alba is 30-80 cm, the whole plant is gray-green, and the leaves are covered with gray-green short hairs. The main root is conical, and the lateral roots are hairy and distributed in the soil up to 20-40 cm long. The stem is multi-branched, with 7-15 first-level branches growing from the main root, and 12-50 second-level branches growing from the first-level branch, and then branchlets are drawn from the second-level branches, growing in clusters , the lower branches in the first-level branches can form their own roots and enter the soil. Leaves are ovate or oblong, middle and lower leaves have stalks up to 5-30 cm long, pinnately divided along the warped rachis, first pinna is shallow or deeply lobed, last pinna is strip-shaped to oblong shaped, with a blunt apex. Inflorescence head, solitary branch top, ligulate flower white, petals 14-20, apex three-lobed, with three longitudinal ribs, middle tubular (male flower) yellow 5-lobed, seed achenes slender, obconic, with 4 -5 shuttles with smooth corners.

It has wide adaptability, likes sunlight, likes water and is afraid of waterlogging, and is suitable for growth in warm and cool climates. It is self-pollinated and can be cultivated all year round. The differentiation of flower primordium is affected by low temperature and sunshine, and it belongs to the overyear organism. Regardless of spring, summer, and autumn sowing and cultivation, it will take the second spring and summer to bloom.

At present, Pyrethrum diffusa is propagated by division or tissue culture. The cost of tissue culture is high, the survival rate is low, and the culture medium needs to be prepared, and the propagation technology is complicated. And the technical scheme of the whole process of cultivation technique is not fully disclosed in the cultivation method about Pyrethrum diffusa at present.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method of Pyrethrum diffusa, including seed pretreatment, nursery arrangement, sowing, seedbed management, transplanting cultivation, post-planting management, harvesting, division propagation and other processes , the technology includes all the steps in the cultivation of Pyrethrum chrysanthemum, and the flowers, seeds and stems of Pyrethrum chrysanthemum with high quality and high yield can be obtained by using the cultivation technology.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A cultivation method of Pyrethrum albicans, comprising the steps of:

1) Seed pretreatment: soak the seeds in water for 5-8 hours, take them out, and mix them with fine sand or burnt marl 20-30 times the weight of the seeds evenly. The water content of fine sand or burnt marl is 25-30%. Germinate at ℃ for 5-6 days, and then use 10-15 times the weight of the seeds with loam or burnt marl to expand step by step through 2-3 stages and mix well before sowing;

2) Tidying up the nursery: plowing, fine soil clods, applying 1000-2000kg of organic fertilizer per mu of nursery, plowing once more to mix the organic fertilizer and soil evenly, and open the box;

3) Sowing: The seeds pretreated in step 1) are evenly sown three times, and the car surface is covered with a layer of chopped straw after sowing;

4) Seedbed management: Keep the compartment surface moist, 16-18 days for seedling emergence, 25-30 days for all seedlings, pick out crowded seedlings and weak seedlings, and then apply 500-1000kg of organic fertilizer per mu;

5) Transplantation cultivation: The height of the seedlings is 6-9cm, transplanted to the field, apply 2000-3000kg of organic fertilizer per mu in the transplanted field, then plow and harrow, open the compartment, the width of the compartment is 2m, the width of the compartment is 0.3m, and the compartment width is 0.3m. The depth is 10cm, and the back groove and the middle groove are opened at the same time;

6) Post-planting management: check 10-15 days after planting, fill in holes for dead seedlings, and apply seedling fertilizer on rainy days 25-30 days after planting.

A further technical scheme is: the cultivation method of Pyrethrum diffusa, which also includes harvesting, and the harvesting includes the following steps:

1) Flower picking: When the corolla is not fully unfolded, the whole pedicle is picked without the flower stalk, and it is dried as it is picked until the water content of the flower pedicle is 6-12%, and stored;

2) Seed collection: Select a disease-free plot to collect seeds. When the green part of the flower pedicle turns black and dry, the seeds are mature, harvest the seeds, dry them and store them;

3) Stem cutting: After picking flowers, cut off the old stems that are more than 3 to 4 cm above the ground, and dry them for storage.

A further technical solution is: the method for cultivating Pyrethrum albicans, which also includes branch propagation. The branch propagation is to cut the branch plants that have formed their own root system in the lower branches of the first branch, and then transplant and cultivate them.

A further technical solution is: the dosage of the seeds in step 1) is 500g-600g per mu of nursery.

A further technical solution is: the open compartment described in step 2) has a compartment width of 1-1.2m, a compartment trench width of 30cm, a compartment trench depth of 10cm, a middle trench width of 50cm, and a middle trench depth of 20cm.

A further technical solution is: the application of the seedling raising fertilizer in step 6) is to apply 5-6 kg of urea or 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

A further technical solution is: in the transplanting cultivation described in step 5), 3300-5500 plants are transplanted per mu of transplanting field, and the row spacing between plants is 0.3m×0.4m～0.4m×0.5m.

A further technical solution is: Step 6) The post-planting management also includes: preventing flooding and waterlogging in the rainy season, timely draining the deep ditch; preventing drought and yellowing leaves in the dry season, and pouring water for 3-4 times; after wintering, the branches grow rapidly, The leaves grow rapidly, the plants are concealed, and sclerotinia and leaf rust are prone to occur. Use carbendazim and trifenazol to prevent and control them. If sclerotinia diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out.

A further technical solution is: the stem cutting in step 3) also includes applying 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer per mu after cutting the stems, and lightly plowing and loosening the soil.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: adopting seed cultivation and division propagation of Pyrethrum albicans, low cost, simple cultivation and management, high transplanting survival rate; high yield of flowers, seeds and stems, large seed particle size, good quality, average per 1,000 Each seed weighs 0.6023g and has high yield.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further explained and illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

The cultivation of Pyrethrum alba can be grown and transplanted all year round. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, seedlings are raised in July-August and transplanted in September-October, which can avoid repeated watering.

The cultivation of white-flowered pyrethrum comprises the following steps:

Seed pretreatment: The seeds are packed with gauze, soaked in water for 5-8 hours to make the seeds fully absorb water and swell, then take out the seeds, and mix them with fine sand or burnt marl 20-30 times the weight of the seeds evenly, the water content of fine sand or burnt marl 25-30%, put it in the soil at 10-20°C for 5-6 days to accelerate germination, when the germ is white, then use 10-15 times the weight of the seeds with loam or burnt marl to expand and mix in 2-3 stages Evenly, it can be sown, so that after the seeds are enlarged, they can be sown evenly with the nursery.

Arranging the nursery: select the land with moderate sticky sand as the nursery, plow it, beat the fine clods, apply 1000-2000kg of organic fertilizer per mu of nursery, plow once again to mix the organic fertilizer and soil evenly, open the compartment, according to the method of the present invention In a preferred embodiment, the open compartment is 1-1.2m wide, 30cm wide, 10cm deep, 50cm wide, and 20cm deep.

Sowing: The seeds pretreated in step 1 are sown evenly in three times, and the surface of the compartment after sowing is covered with a layer of chopped straw to prevent sun exposure or heavy rain.

Seedbed management: Keep the compartment surface moist, 16-18 days for seedlings to emerge, 25-30 days for all seedlings, pick out crowded seedlings and weak seedlings, and then apply 500-1000kg of organic fertilizer per mu.

Transplantation cultivation: Seedling height is 6～9cm, transplanted to the field, apply 2000～3000kg of organic fertilizer per acre in the transplanted field, then plow and harrow, open the compartment, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compartment width is 2m, and the compartment ditch The width is 0.3m, and the box ditch is 10cm deep. At the same time, the back ditch and the middle ditch are opened to facilitate drainage and irrigation. The row spacing depends on the soil fertility. The row spacing of transplanted fields with medium and high fertility is 0.4×0.5 meters, and the row spacing of transplanted fields with medium and low fertility is 0.3×0.4 meters. 3300-5500 plants can be transplanted per mu. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, transplanting is selected for transplanting on a cloudy day, and the transplanted seedlings are transplanted into holes with soil, and watered at the same time to combine the roots and soil to improve the survival rate.

Management after planting: check after 10 to 15 days after planting, replant the dead seedlings and lack holes, 25 to 30 days after planting, select the rainy day to apply the seedling lifting fertilizer, according to an embodiment of the present invention, apply the seedling lifting fertilizer to apply 5 ~6kg urea or 10~15kg compound fertilizer. At the same time, to prevent flooding and waterlogging in the rainy season, timely deep ditch drainage; to prevent drought and yellow leaves in the dry season, irrigate the water for 3-4 times; For rust, use carbendazim and fenoxazol to prevent and control it. If sclerotinia is found, it should be pulled out.

Harvesting: including flower picking, seed picking and stem cutting. Table 1 lists the yields of flowers, seeds, stems and yield per mu in the first year of harvest. The output in the second and third year is higher than that in the first year.

1) Picking flowers: When the corolla is not fully unfolded, the whole pedicle is picked without the flower stalk. At this time, the medicinal content of the flower is extremely high, and it can be picked and dried in the sun until the water content of the flower pedicle is 6-12%, and then stored;

2) Seed collection: Select a disease-free plot to collect seeds. When the green part of the flower pedicle turns black and dry, the seeds are mature, harvest the seeds, dry them and store them;

3) Stem cutting: After picking flowers, cut off the old stems that are more than 3 to 4 cm above the ground, and dry them for storage. After cutting the stems, apply 30-50kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and then lightly plow the soil to promote new branches.

Branch propagation: cut off the branch plants that have formed their own root system in the lower branches of the first branch, and transplant them. The survival rate of branch transplantation is extremely high, and the survival rate is above 95%. The ramets can be transplanted in spring, summer, and autumn. It is best to choose rainy days for transplanting. Water after transplanting to keep the land moist.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the transplanting cultivation can be cultivated in patches in fields or in the ground, or can be cultivated on the ridges of crops or orchards, or can be planted in pots or sheds.

Table 1: First Year Flower, Seed, Stem Production

Area (mu) Weight (kg) Yield per mu (kg/mu) Thousand grain weight (g)

seed 0.082 2.85 34.75 0.6023 flower 0.4 30.3 75.8 / stem 0.082 23.65 288.5 /

Although the present invention has been described here with reference to the illustrative examples of the present invention, the above-mentioned examples are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned examples. It should be understood that those skilled in the art Many other modifications and embodiments can be devised which will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles disclosed in this application.

Claims (9)

1. the cultivation method of a chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

1) seed pretreatment: seed takes out after soaking 5～8h, with 20～30 times of weight fine sands of seed or scorched clay dust, stir, the water content of fine sand or scorched clay dust is 25～30%, in 10-20 ℃ of lower vernalization 5～6 days, then enlarge and mix thoroughly and can sow step by step through 2～3 grades with 10～15 times of weight loam of seed or scorched clay dust;

2) arrange nursery: turn over, beat the fine earth piece, every mu of nursery applies fertilizer 1000～2000kg, then turns over and once make fertilizer mix with soil, opens railway carriage or compartment;

3) sowing: divide three evenly sowings through the pretreated seed of step 1), after planting the railway carriage or compartment face covers the stalk that one deck breaks apart by chopping;

4) seedbed management: keep the railway carriage or compartment face moistening, within 16～18 days, emerge, 25～30 days neat seedlings, choose crowded seedling, weak seedling, more every mu applies fertilizer 500-1000kg;

5) implanting and cultivating: height of seedling is 6～9cm, transplants to field, transplants every mu, field and applies 2000～3000kg fertilizer, then turn over and rake, and opens railway carriage or compartment, the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 0.3m, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm;

6) management after the cultivation: inspection in 10～15 days after cultivation, mend and plant the scarce cave of dead seedling, plant latter 25～30 days, select overcast and rainy applying to carry seed manure.

2. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising and gather, and described gathering comprises the steps:

1) pick flowers: when corolla does not launch fully, the whole base of a fruit is plucked and is not with anthocaulus, and with adopting with solarization, shining to spending base of a fruit water content is 6～12%, harvesting;

2) collect seed: select anosis plot to collect seed, seed maturity when flower base of a fruit green portion blackout is withered, the seed of gathering, dry harvesting;

3) cut stem: pick flowers after end, the old stem branch apart from ground more than 3 centimetres prescinds, and dries harvesting.

3. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising division propagation, and described division propagation is to have had the branch plant of root system in the low level branch cut in branch for the first time of one's own, carries out implanting and cultivating.

4. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, the consumption that it is characterized in that seed described in step 1) is every mu of nursery 500g-600g.

5. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) the described railway carriage or compartment of opening is the wide 1～1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 30cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm, middle furrow width 50cm, middle ditch depth 20cm.

6. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that described in step 6) applying and carry seed manure and be every mu and apply 5～6kg urea or 10～15kg composite fertilizer.

7. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that transplanting field transplanting 3300～5500 strains for every mu in the described implanting and cultivating of step 5), and seeding row spacing is 0.3m * 0.4m～0.4m * 0.5m.

8. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that the rear management of the described cultivation of step 6) also comprises: prevent flooding damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging rainy season, zanjon draining in time; Dry season, anti-arid blade was withered and yellow, filled with and soaked railway carriage or compartment water for 3-4 time; The posterior division of surviving the winter growth is rapid, and the blade Fast Growth is hidden between strain, easily sends out stalk break, leaf rust, with carbendazim, powder rust spirit control, if discovery sclerotium diseased plant should be pulled out.

9. the cultivation method of chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium according to claim 2, is characterized in that the described stem that cuts of step 3) also is included in and cuts after stem every mu and apply fertilizer 30～50kg, shallow scarifying soil.