CN105961130A - Method for effectively promoting growth of tea-oil tree and raising yield of fresh fruits through stripe width and planting position - Google Patents
Method for effectively promoting growth of tea-oil tree and raising yield of fresh fruits through stripe width and planting position Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for effectively promoting growth of a tea-oil tree and raising the yield of fresh fruits through stripe width and planting position and particularly relates to a tea-oil tree planting method. The method includes the steps of selection of the hole digging position, namely the planting position when an excavator prepares the land, stripe width planting and raised management. By means of the technical measures, growth of the tea-oil tree can be effectively promoted, the crown area and the rate of fruit setting of the tea-oil tree are raised, and the raised management cost and manual damage to the tea-oil tree are lowered, so that the purpose of raising the yield of tea-oil tree fresh fruits is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil tea planting technology field, be specifically related to open at mountain area gradient digging machine on the forest land of 15-25 degree
Select rational strip width when digging horizontal strip and select the method that rationally plantation acupuncture point is put.
Background technology
Set up the oil tea garden of a scientific and efficient, the most wholely, plantation, the big link of tending management three.Be wholely before
The link of phase, it appears be even more important.At present, southern Jiangxi Province plant oil tea, forest land gradient major part all between 15-25 degree,
Because oil tea should not be planted in the forest land that the gradient is more than 25 degree, it is easily generated landslide and landslide, and the forest land of the gradient less than 15 degree
The most fewer.There is part oil tea plantation family for saving cost of forestation, still take the mode on whole ground, excavated by manual work cave to carry out, plant two
It is related that Nian Houzai carries out expanding cave；Have also uses digging machine wholely, but strip width is relatively more random, digs cave, planting location typically at bar
In the middle of band.Within first 3 years, vegetative growth stage is broadly fallen into after oil tea plantation, before arriving high yield after oil tea bears fruit, 4-7 after general plantation
Belong in year and nourish and grow more than reproductive growth period.After oil tea is planted when the 5th year, hat width can reach about 2 meters, after plantation the
When 7 years, hat width can reach about 2.9 meters.And ancestor carefully and neatly expands the related strip width in cave more typically between 1.4-2.0 rice；
It is narrow that the band on the whole ground of digging machine also has width to have, and typically between 1.6-2.2 rice, and plants oil tea on the forest land of gradient 15-25 degree,
Strip width not can exceed that 2.2 meters.If strip width is more than 2.2 meters, one is to be easily generated landslide and landslide, and two is to be easily caused
Line-spacing is wide, mu average strain number is few, yield poorly.The most conventional plantation acupuncture point is put general at band midpoint, though strip width
Reaching 2.2 meters, plantation acupuncture point is put only has 1.1 meters inside band.Because of trunk distance inside band 1.1 meters the narrowest, at oil
When tea hat width is more than 2.2 meters, along with being gradually increased of hat width, this will suppress the life of oil tea hat width inside band largely
Long, cause inside band the increase of oil tea crown area not or increased slowly, finally bring is the minimizing of oil tea setting number.With
Time also will be constantly increasing foster, apply fertilizer, the construction operation difficulty such as fruit picking, management cost will be more and more higher.Cause existing bar
Bandwidth does not the most adapt to oil tea hat width and rises year by year and the needs of workman's normal construction operation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention: for overcome oil tea entrance bear fruit the phase affect because of strip width and planting location hat width grow also
Cause the shortcoming that construction operation difficulty strengthens, Tending cost is the highest, it is provided that a kind of strip width and planting location effectively promote
Entering Growth of Camellia oleifera and the method improving fresh pod yield, the method meets oil tea biological characteristics so that it is take out the tip, result not by shadow
Ring, it is simple to workman's construction operation, reduce because fostering during the construction operations such as fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control damage to forest, drop
Low management cost, increases oil tea hat width and setting number, is finally reached raising oil tea fresh pod yield.
The present invention. technical scheme is as follows: strip width and planting location effectively facilitate Growth of Camellia oleifera and improve fresh pod yield
Method,
One, forest land select: should select height above sea level be less than 450 meters, the gradient less than 25 degree, soil thickness be not less than 70 lis
Rice, slope aspect be tailo or half tailo, soil be that red soil or yellow earth etc. are dredged in acid or slightly acidic forest land, the preferably soil texture
The sandy loam that loose, deep, draining is good, fertile；After forest land is chosen, more selected forest land is carried out integrated planning, carry out and make
Woods fosters job design；
Two, forest land cleaning: by the method entirely cut, the plants such as the miscellaneous filling of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground on mountain more than 5 centimetres are removed comprehensively, cut down pocket
Should control below 20 centimetres, forest land cleaning is time 8 JIUYUE；
Three, digging machine is wholely, apply fertilizer back soil
1, digging cave: gradient forest land between 15-25 degree, the middle-size and small-size digging machine of general employing carries out strip tillage wholely；
(1) dig cave: digging machine starts down to dig band from top, hillside wholely, carry out line by line by horizontal line when digging band, because oil tea is preced with
Width can meet or exceed 3 meters before high yield period arrives or when arriving, and plants oil tea band face width on the forest land of gradient 15-25 degree
Degree the most not can exceed that 2.2 meters, therefore, oil tea band zone face width be set to 2.2 meters most widely suited；Line-spacing is 3 meters, spacing in the rows 3 meters, close
Spending every mu is 74 strains；Band digs to dig by spacing in the rows and planting location requirement when returning afterwards plants plant hole, and the specification in cave is long 60 lis
Rice, wide 60 centimetres, deep 50 centimetres, the position in cave is 150 centimetres i.e. 70 centimeters outside band, such position inside band
It is equipped with beneficially oil tea hat width to grow toward surrounding, does not the most affect the growth of root system；As planting location is less than 70 centimetres outside band,
Then can affect the growth of root system outside oil tea, and easily pull out the root and stem of certain plants；Should control well when digging band and carry the distance i.e. line-spacing between band, make
Line-spacing is within claimed range；
(2) repair woods pavement: for ease of tending management with pluck fruit, while whole ground, every 50 80 meters along ridge line from
On down repair a woods pavement, pavement width 100-120 cm；
2, basal dressing, time soil
After cave has dug 12 months, can start basal dressing and go back to cave, first soil block be smashed when going back to cave, stone, tree root are picked up to the greatest extent；Go back to cave extremely
Cave deep 1/2 2/3 time apply fertilizer 5 kilograms and compound fertilizer 1 kilogram or 2 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, meta-acid soil can place a little stone
Ash applies in cave, then soil and fertilizer are stirred, and then returns full soil, and face, cave should exceed zone face 10 cm, cave of applying fertilizer go back to
Preferably completed before December, the most not can exceed that January, plant container seedling and can put off until 3-4 month；
Four, plant: carrying and should choose nursery stock before planting, nursery stock is typically chosen 2 years raw high-quality grafting bare-root seedings, as whole too late, plant naked
The season of root is missed, reselection kind container seedling；Kind should select long woods series, Jiangxi oil series, Jiangxi without excellent product such as series
Kind, one, two class Seedlings should be selected simultaneously, stop to wait outer Seedling, inferior Seedling, disease pest Seedling to go up a hill.By oil tea nursery stock type, method for planting has two
Kind: naked-root planting and container seedling are planted；Time of planting was usually from the beginning of spring, should select before cloudy day, light rain or rain, rain
Plant during rear ground moistening；
1), naked-root planting: the time of planting be at the end of two months before, the most not can exceed that early March.Yellow mud is used in front of the mountains on nursery stock
It is stained with root, during field planting, holds planting hole successfully, deep 20 cm in cave.Then nursery stock is put into cave, and nursery stock is just put, make shoot root exhibition
Open, first insert in cave with moistening and in small, broken bits table soil when banketing, fill out soil soon equal with face, cave time, by nursery stock the most upwards
Carry, make shoot root unfold, then track tramping, then track tramping again when Hui Tuzhi exceeds face, cave 10 cm.At this moment soil face should be transferred with oil tea
Interface is the most equal.Last loosening the soil at face, cave one layer of 2 cm of upper cover.The nursery stock cannot planted completely the same day to do well to heel in.?
Field planting starts to patrol Seedling and fills the gaps with seedlings after completing ten days, to being short of seedling, weak Seedling, sick Seedling, inferior mu should fill in time.Patrol Seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings and typically to pacify
Arrange 2-3 time, to guarantee that survival rate reaches more than 85%.Complete field planting and patrol and carry out mulching straw after Seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings and shelter from heat or light.One cave is put
1 jin of Caulis et Folium Oryzae, Caulis et Folium Oryzae uniform fold is on face, cave；Caulis et Folium Oryzae can not be in close contact with nursery stock during covering, should 3-5 centimetre from a trunk left side
Right, it is to avoid burn seedlings when crossing volt；
2), container seedling is planted: the time of planting should be carried out before May 31.Holding planting hole successfully with hoe when planting, cave should be compared deeply
Height many 1-2 cm of Nutrition Soil, should carefully divest to the nutrient bag that can not degrade that (nutrient bag that can degrade need not be shelled
Remove), nursery stock is vertically put in center, cave, returns good soil, righting nursery stock, the place away from 15 centimetres from Seedling is by the soil pressure around nursery stock
Tightly, recess earthing again, height to earth up is for exceeding nursery stock substrate soil 2-3 centimetre；
Five, fertilising is fostered
(1) First Year is fostered
1, foster spring and summer.Plant and should do cave shovel training root and stem of certain plants the 4-5 month then and foster.Every strain treelet centered by tree crown by 1.2
The plants such as the weeds in the range of meter Jian Fang, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan, ferrum awn winnow basket are rooted out totally, to exposed should the earthing up to exceeding of root system
Grafting mouth 2-3cm.To the deep soil around trunk should being pushed aside to exceeding 2-3 centimetre of grafting mouth of planting；
2, foster autumn and winter.Plant and do once bar shovel the 8-12 month then, prune and apply fertilizer；
(1) bar shovel: the plants such as the weeds in band, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan are rooted out totally, and digs up weeds and little miscellaneous filling
The root and stem of certain plants, weeding degree of depth 2-10 centimetre, shallow in tree crown, deep outside tree crown, root can not be hindered during weeding and hinder Seedling；Fostering the time is the 8-9 month,
(2) prune: wipe out overhead 15 centimetres with leftover bits and pieces branch, sick branch, next to that to the height of tree more than 50 centimetres without obvious branch
, should be at the height of tree 35 45 centimeters truncation；The pruning time be late November to Second Year by the end of February；Alabastrum should be extractd during pruning；
(3) fertilising: fertilization time be that fertilizer type is compound fertilizer, and dose is 100g by the end of November to Second Year January, and technology will
Ask as digging a long 25cm, wide 15cm, the dressing furrow of deep 15cm from tree about 20-25cm inside band, then refertilize, mix
Fertile, time soil；
3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing.The oil tea prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control based on promote treelet robust growth, strengthen resistivity,
It is auxiliary with medical treatment.Disease is mainly anthrax and soft rot, insect pest mainly food leaf and trunk borer.Medical treatment number of times
Generally twice, carry out respectively at 5 June and 8 JIUYUE, if pest and disease damage is more serious, number of times should be increased.In order to cost-effective,
Foliage dressing can be carried out with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control simultaneously；
(2) Second Year is fostered
1 spring and summer fostered.Spring and summer is the 3-5 month, it is to avoid crab rooting and hydrops, avoids high temperature season and fosters.Tending: zone face is bar
Shovel topdresses, and the band back of the body is miscellaneous for cutting；
(1) after-culture: nursery stock after-culture work must be carried out February, it is ensured that after planting, Second Year oil tea storage rate reaches more than 95%；
(2) fertilising: the time is March, bar shovel technology requires same First Year.Fertilising: the ground of 20-25 centimetre from tree inside band
One long 25 centimetres, wide 15 centimetres, the dressing furrow of deep 8 centimetres dig in side, and carbamide 100g is executed in every strain (i.e. every ditch), and fertilizer is executed uniformly
After, then return full soil；
(3) bar shovel: technology requires ibid a year, and the time is April-May；
(3) cut miscellaneous: the time be mid or late April to by the end of May, the weeds carried on the back by band, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, the plant such as rattan are all surgeried；
2, foster autumn and winter: Second Year foster autumn and winter entirely shovel based on zone face the band back of the body cut miscellaneous, apply fertilizer, prune and to expand cave related；
Time is the 7-12 month；Fertilization type is 1 year sealing fertilizer, within 1 year, uses for fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer mixing, rotation one in 2 years
Secondary；
(1) weeding: mode is that zone face shovels entirely, the band back of the body is cut miscellaneous, and technology requires same with vernal aspect, and the time is the 7-8 month；
(2) fertilising: the place of dripping of the neat edge of the right and left in tree respectively digs long 30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, deep 25 centimetres
Dressing furrow, every ditch applies fertilizer 1 kilogram and compound fertilizer 0.1 kilogram i.e. every strain organic fertilizer 2 kilograms and compound fertilizer 0.2 public affairs
Jin, fertilizer and soil return full soil after mixing uniformly again.Fertilization time is by the end of November to Second Year February；
(3) trimming and finishing: alabastrum should be extractd when fostering.Pruning is to prune foot branch (overhead 20 below 25cm) and excessive growth
Branch (length is more than 50cm) is main, and the height of tree controls within 1.0m.The branch of excessive growth is typically made to dredge to delete pruning, as intentionally as skeleton branch
When retaining cultivation, do not make cutting back before not yet sending new side shoot and process, can first allow it grow, when Second Year grows side shoot again
Deal with.As sent side shoot, then should be side shoot intersection cutting back, and the direction of bud is branch developing direction.Next to that repair
Cut flat capable branch, overstocked branch, descending branch, sick branch, withered branch；Pruning whole branch, the part stayed is the shortest,
Within best 2 millimeters.The pruning time be mid-November to Second Year by the end of February；
3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing are done well.Number of times is generally 3 times, respectively at the first tenday period of a month May mid or late April, June 7
The moon and 9 October are carried out, and other require same First Year；
Within (three) the 3rd years, foster
1, foster spring and summer: foster May time 3, predominantly bar shovel fertilising, after-culture, cut miscellaneous, mend Seedling standard together second of planting trees
Year；
(1) fertilising: the time is March, carbamide 200g is executed in every strain, and technology requires to foster essentially identical spring with Second Year, main region
Other: outside dressing furrow and tree distance are for tree crown neat edge drip, a length of 30 centimetres of dressing furrow；
(2) after-culture: the 3rd year is after-culture one's last year, and after after-culture, in forest land, oil tea survival rate reaches more than 98%；
(3) cut miscellaneous: time and technology require ibid 1 year；
(4) bar shovel: time and technology require ibid a year；
2, foster autumn and winter: the 3rd year autumn and winter fostered the time to be the 7-12 month, with bar shovel, cut miscellaneous, apply fertilizer, be trimmed to main；
(1) weeding: mode, time and technology require ibid a year；
(2) fertilising: time and technology require that except for the difference that dose is every strain sealing fertilizer 300g with First Year fertilising in winter,
Flower bud should be smeared except flower during fertilising；
(3) pruning: should comprehensively prune, the height of tree controls within 1.5 meters.First prune foot branch (overhead below 35cm) and remove
Sprout, then (there are 3 or more than 3 branches in branch spacing same direction within 20 centimetres, can only retain two to wipe out parallel branch
Branch) sick branch, withered branch, intersect branch, overlapping branch, descending branch and emphasis branch and (interior thorax ventilation and penetrating light can be affected and yield positive results
Main branch), then the branch of excessive growth that growing way is the most prosperous is pruned.Horizontal branch is more weak, for make its turn weak be strong, during cutting back
Stay bud, make young sprout come back.Pruning whole branch, the part stayed is the shortest, within best 2 millimeters.Whole
Shape prunes time same Second Year.Alabastrum should be erased during pruning；
3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing are done well.Technology requires same Second Year；
Within (four) the 4th years, foster
1, foster spring and summer: fostering the time is the 3-5 month, main Tending for fertilising and bar shovel, cut miscellaneous；
(1) fertilising: the time is March, fertilizing method and the 3rd year identical, difference is that every strain (i.e. every ditch) applies 250 grams of carbamide.
(2) cut miscellaneous: time and technology require ibid 1 year；
(3) bar shovel: time and technology require ibid a year；
2, foster autumn and winter: with weeding, apply fertilizer, be trimmed to main.To the 4th year height of tree reach 160 centimetres, hat width diameter reach 100
Centimetre oil tea can arrange to bear fruit；
(1) weeding: time and technology require same Second Year；
(2) fertilising: digging long 35cm, wide 20cm, the dressing furrow of deep 25cm on the outer left and right both sides of crown mapping, every strain applies organic
Fertile 2kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg.I.e. every ditch applies fertilizer 1 kg, because calcium and magnesium p and s acid potassium can not mix
Executing, so a ditch spread calcium and magnesium phosphorus, another ditch spread potassium sulfate, fertilizer is fully mixed thoroughly with soil, returns full soil the most again.Fertilization time
Identical with Second Year；
(3) pruning: the height of tree controls within 1.8 2.0 meters, pruning technique requires essentially identical, no with the 3rd year
Be the brachyplast of non-result and overstocked interior thorax branch is wiped out as far as possible, pruning time same Second Year；
(4) fruit picking: the height of tree can be reached 150 centimetres according to Growth of Camellia oleifera situation and hat width reaches the oil tea of 100 centimetres for the 4th year
Tree can arrange to bear fruit；Cold Dew, seed started to gather about 7 days October, and the Frost's Descent, seed started to gather about 23 days October；
3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing are done well.Technology requires same Second Year；
The tending management of (five) the 5th 7 years is essentially identical with the 3rd, the 4th year, and the main distinction is that oil tea has been enter into the phase of bearing fruit, fertilising
Ditch to lengthen, dose suitably to increase.
The method have the benefit that and on the forest land of 15-25 degree, plant oil tea in the mountain area gradient, use of the present invention rationally
Strip width and planting location can effectively facilitate Growth of Camellia oleifera and improve fresh pod yield method, can ensure that oil tea growth height
Peak phase hat width can constantly expand and not affected by strip width, is easy to again workman's construction operation, reduces because of daily on workman mountain
Manage and protect the work damage to tea oil tree, expand hat width, add setting number, improve fresh pod yield.This test proves, band
The oil tea that width and planting location are planted by the inventive method its footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield are by excavated by manual work cave respectively fifty-fifty
Expand that cave is related more wholely, strip width be 180 centimetres, planting location in this method of band intermediate point to plant the 1.06 of oil tea
Times, 1.14 times and 1.2 times, reaching yield increases substantially, is easy to management, the purpose of long term benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by example, the present invention is further illustrated.
Green field pavilion, Ruijin City forestry Co., Ltd builds oil tea circle on duty township Du Tou village shopkeeper row in 2009, we
The impact of Growth of Camellia oleifera is tested by different strip width and planting location respectively in 2,3,5 bottom classes.2 bottom classes are artificial
Digging the related mode in Zheng Dikuo cave, cave, area 62 mu, mean inclination 19, strip width 180cm, oil tea planting location is bandwidth
Intermediate point；3 bottom classes are excavator band land preparation mode, area 96 mu, mean inclination 22, strip width 220cm, oil tea kind
Plant the intermediate point that position is bandwidth；6 bottom classes are excavator band land preparation mode, strip width 220cm, area 88 mu, averagely
The gradient 20, oil tea planting location be 70 centimetres from strip edge (namely inside band 150 centimetres).We were from 2012
With starting setting up sample October, select position, slope, slope aspect in 2,3,5 bottom classes, edaphic condition is essentially identical, tree body size is the most suitable
Forest land in each select 200 strain tea oil trees to its height of tree, footpath, hat width and yield measure, and obtain table 1-4 number of results
According to.Now illustrate that strip width and planting location are on Growth of Camellia oleifera and the impact of yield according to table 1-4 result data.
As can be seen from Table I, different strip width and different planting locations are to the tree of the 4th year after oil tea plantation
High, footpath, the growth of hat width and yield effect of just bearing fruit the least；Because tree is the least, workman's construction operation is convenient.
Within 2012, oil tea is preced with width, yield effect catalog by various strip width, planting location
Table 1 unit: centimetre, kilogram
| Bottom class place | Land preparation mode | Strip width and planting location | The height of tree | Footpath, ground | Hat width | Whether workman is easy to operation | The average fresh pod yield of strain |
| 2 bottom classes | Wholely, then it is related to expand cave in excavated by manual work cave | Bandwidth 180 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 178 | 3.97 | 157 | Convenient | 0.45 |
| 3 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 174 | 4.02 | 161 | Convenient | 0.46 |
| 5 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is, the inventive method | 175 | 3.96 | 159 | Convenient | 0.43 |
From table 2 it is known that by 2013, different strip width and different planting locations were to after oil tea plantation the 5th year
Tree height growth has no impact.The footpath, ground of the 5th year, hat width and yield of just bearing fruit after oil tea plantation are had by different strip width
Some impacts, excavated by manual work cave expands the strip width relative narrower that cave is related wholely again, its footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield ratio fifty-fifty
Digging machine digs the more slightly lower of the whole ground of band.When strip width does not affect oil tea hat width growth, different planting locations is to oil tea
After plantation, the footpath, ground of the 5th year, hat width and yield of just bearing fruit have no impact.The hat width now set is more than excavated by manual work cave wholely again
Expand the strip width that cave is related, the most slightly inconvenience of workman's construction operation.
Within 2013, oil tea is preced with width, yield effect catalog by various strip width, planting location
Table 2 unit: centimetre, kilogram
| Bottom class place | Land preparation mode | Strip width and planting location | The height of tree | Footpath, ground | Hat width | Whether workman is easy to operation | The average fresh pod yield of strain |
| 2 bottom classes | Wholely, then it is related to expand cave in excavated by manual work cave | Bandwidth 180 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 216 | 5.29 | 192 | Slightly inconvenience | 0..97 |
| 3 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 210 | 5.36 | 202 | Convenient | 1.05 |
| 5 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is band the inventive method | 215 | 5.43 | 204 | Convenient | 1.03 |
From table 3 it is known that by 2014, different strip width and different planting locations were to after oil tea plantation the 6th year
Tree height growth has no impact.The footpath, ground of the 6th year, hat width and yield of just bearing fruit after oil tea plantation are had by different strip width
Certain impact.The strip width relative narrower that cave is related is expanded in excavated by manual work cave wholely again, its footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield ratio fifty-fifty
Digging machine digs the smaller of the whole ground of band, and it is excavated by manual work respectively that digging machine digs the footpath fifty-fifty on the whole ground of band, hat width and fresh pod yield
1.02 times, 1.05 times and 1.1 times that cave is related are expanded in cave wholely again.In the case of strip width is identical, different planting locations
After planting oil tea, the footpath, ground of the 6th year, hat width and yield of just bearing fruit have certain impact；Planting location is planted by the inventive method
Oil tea, its fifty-fifty footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield more some larger in the oil tea of band intermediate point than by planting location；Plantation position
Put by the inventive method plantation oil tea its fifty-fifty footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield be at band intermediate point respectively by planting location
1.02 times, 1.06 times and 1.1 times.The hat width now set is big, and expand the related strip width in cave again than excavated by manual work cave big the most wholely
Many, workman's construction operation is the most inconvenient；The hat width now set big than digging machine the strip width on whole ground somewhat larger, workman constructs work
Industry is the most inconvenient, but by the inventive method plantation oil tea, its hat breadths edge inside band also have more than 20 centimetre wide away from
From, workman's construction operation is the most very convenient.
Within 2014, oil tea is preced with width, yield effect catalog by various strip width, planting location
Table 3 unit: centimetre, kilogram
| Bottom class place | Land preparation mode | Strip width and planting location | The height of tree | Footpath, ground | Hat width | Whether workman is easy to operation | The average fresh pod yield of strain |
| 2 bottom classes | Wholely, then it is related to expand cave in excavated by manual work cave | Bandwidth 180 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 250 | 6.65 | 222 | Inconvenient | 2.14 |
| 3 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 244 | 6.76 | 234 | The most convenient | 2.35 |
| 5 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is band the inventive method | 248 | 6.90 | 247 | Convenient | 2.58 |
From table 4 it is known that by 2015, different strip width and different planting locations were to after oil tea plantation the 7th year
Tree height growth has no impact.The footpath, ground of the 7th year, hat width and yield of just bearing fruit after oil tea plantation are had by different strip width
Considerable influence, excavated by manual work cave expands the strip width relative narrower that cave is related wholely again, and digging machine digs the footpath fifty-fifty on the whole ground of band, hat
Width and fresh pod yield expand many 0.23 centimetre, 14 centimetres, 0.36 kilogram that cave is related more wholely than excavated by manual work cave again, and it is whole that digging machine digs band
The footpath fifty-fifty on ground, hat width and fresh pod yield are 1.03 times, 1.05 times and 1.09 that excavated by manual work cave expands that cave is related wholely again respectively
Times.In the case of strip width is identical, different planting locations to the footpath, ground of the 7th year, hat width after oil tea plantation and is just born fruit
Yield has considerable influence.Planting location by the inventive method plantation oil tea its fifty-fifty footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield than by kind
Plant position band intermediate point many 0.25 centimetre of difference, 22 centimetres, 0.46 kilogram；Planting location is by the inventive method plantation
Oil tea its footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield are planting locations 1.03 times, 1.08 times and 1.1 of band intermediate point respectively fifty-fifty
Times.Strip width and planting location by the oil tea of the inventive method plantation its fifty-fifty footpath, hat width and fresh pod yield ratio by artificial
Dig cave expand that cave is related more wholely, strip width be 180 centimetres, the oil tea planted in this method of band intermediate point of planting location
Many 0.48 centimetre, 36 centimetres, 0.82 kilogram respectively, it is average by the oil tea of the inventive method plantation for strip width and planting location
Footpath, ground, hat width and fresh pod yield be respectively by excavated by manual work cave whole expand that cave is related, strip width is 180 centimetres, planting location again
1.06 times of oil tea, 1.14 times and 1.2 times are planted in this method of band intermediate point.
In a word, the growth of the oil tea height of tree is had no impact by different strip width and different planting locations.At band
When width can affect oil tea hat width growth, different strip width and different planting locations are to footpath, oil tea ground, the growth of hat width
Yield of just bearing fruit can produce large effect.By this method plant oil tea, can be obviously promoted oil tea ground footpath and hat width growth,
Increase setting number and the fresh pod yield of oil tea.
Within 2015, oil tea is preced with width, yield effect catalog by various strip width, planting location
Table 4 unit: centimetre, kilogram
| Bottom class place | Land preparation mode | Strip width and planting location | The height of tree | Footpath, ground | Hat width | Whether workman is easy to operation | The average fresh pod yield of strain |
| 2 bottom classes | Wholely, then it is related to expand cave in excavated by manual work cave | Bandwidth 180 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 284 | 7.91 | 256 | Very inconvenient | 4.16 |
| 3 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is in the middle of band | 280 | 8.14 | 270 | Inconvenient | 4.52 |
| 5 bottom classes | Digging machine is wholely | Bandwidth 220 centimetres, planting location is band the inventive method | 282 | 8.39 | 292 | Convenient | 4.98 |
Claims (4)
1. strip width and planting location effectively facilitate Growth of Camellia oleifera and the method improving fresh pod yield, including forest land selection, woods
Ground cleaning, digging machine wholely, apply fertilizer back native, plant, foster fertilising, it is characterised in that: digging machine wholely, native technical scheme of applying fertilizer back
As follows:
1) cave, wholely is dug: gradient forest land between 15-25 degree, the middle-size and small-size digging machine of general employing carries out strip tillage；
(1) dig cave: digging machine starts down to dig band from top, hillside wholely, carry out line by line by horizontal line when digging band, because oil tea is preced with
Width can meet or exceed 3 meters before high yield period arrives or when arriving, and plants oil tea band face width on the forest land of gradient 15-25 degree
Degree the most not can exceed that 2.2 meters, therefore, oil tea band zone face width be set to 2.2 meters most widely suited；Line-spacing is 3 meters, spacing in the rows 3 meters, close
Spending every mu is 74 strains；Band digs to dig by spacing in the rows and planting location requirement when returning afterwards plants plant hole, and the specification in cave is long 60 lis
Rice, wide 60 centimetres, deep 50 centimetres, the position in cave is 150 centimetres i.e. 70 centimeters outside band, such position inside band
It is equipped with beneficially oil tea hat width to grow toward surrounding, does not the most affect the growth of root system；As planting location is less than 70 centimetres outside band,
Then can affect the growth of root system outside oil tea, and easily pull out the root and stem of certain plants；Should control well when digging band and carry the distance i.e. line-spacing between band, make
Line-spacing is within claimed range；
(2) repair woods pavement: for ease of tending management with pluck fruit, while whole ground, every 50 80 meters along ridge line from
On down repair a woods pavement, pavement width 100-120 cm；
2), basal dressing, time soil
After cave has dug 12 months, can start basal dressing and go back to cave, first soil block be smashed when going back to cave, stone, tree root are picked up to the greatest extent；Go back to cave extremely
Cave deep 1/2 2/3 time apply fertilizer 5 kilograms and compound fertilizer 1 kilogram or 2 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, meta-acid soil can place a little stone
Ash applies in cave, then soil and fertilizer are stirred, and then returns full soil, and face, cave should exceed zone face 10 cm, cave of applying fertilizer go back to
Preferably completed before December, the most not can exceed that January, plant container seedling and can put off until 3-4 month.
Strip width the most according to claim 1 and planting location effectively facilitate Growth of Camellia oleifera and improve the side of fresh pod yield
Method, is characterized in that: forest land selects, forest land Removal Technology scheme is as follows:
One, forest land select: should select height above sea level be less than 450 meters, the gradient less than 25 degree, soil thickness be not less than 70 lis
Rice, slope aspect be tailo or half tailo, soil be that red soil or yellow earth etc. are dredged in acid or slightly acidic forest land, the preferably soil texture
The sandy loam that loose, deep, draining is good, fertile；After forest land is chosen, more selected forest land is carried out integrated planning, carry out and make
Woods fosters job design；
Two, forest land cleaning: by the method entirely cut, the plants such as the miscellaneous filling of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground on mountain more than 5 centimetres are removed comprehensively, cut down pocket
Should control below 20 centimetres, forest land cleaning is time 8 JIUYUE.
Strip width the most according to claim 1 and planting location effectively facilitate Growth of Camellia oleifera and improve the side of fresh pod yield
Method, is characterized in that: planting technique scheme is as follows: carrying and should choose nursery stock before planting, nursery stock is typically chosen naked of raw high-quality grafting in 2 years
Seedling, as whole season too late, that plant bare-root seeding is missed, reselection kind container seedling；Kind should select long woods series, Jiangxi oil system
One, two class Seedlings, without improved seeds such as series, should be selected in row, Jiangxi simultaneously, stop to wait outer Seedling, inferior Seedling, disease pest Seedling to go up a hill；By oil tea Seedling
Wood type, method for planting has two kinds: naked-root planting and container seedling are planted；Time of planting was usually from the beginning of spring, should select
Plant time before cloudy day, light rain or rain, ground moistening after rain；
1), naked-root planting: the time of planting be at the end of two months before, the most not can exceed that early March, nursery stock used yellow mud in front of the mountains
It is stained with root, during field planting, holds planting hole successfully, deep 20 cm in cave；Then nursery stock is put into cave, and nursery stock is just put, make shoot root exhibition
Open, first insert in cave with moistening and in small, broken bits table soil when banketing, fill out soil soon equal with face, cave time, by nursery stock the most upwards
Carry, make shoot root unfold, then track tramping, then track tramping again when Hui Tuzhi exceeds face, cave 10 cm；At this moment soil face should be transferred with oil tea
Interface is the most equal；Last loosening the soil at face, cave one layer of 2 cm of upper cover；The nursery stock cannot planted completely the same day to do well to heel in；?
Field planting starts to patrol Seedling and fills the gaps with seedlings after completing ten days, to being short of seedling, weak Seedling, sick Seedling, inferior mu should fill in time；Patrol Seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings and typically to pacify
Arrange 2-3 time, to guarantee that survival rate reaches more than 85%；Complete field planting and patrol and carry out mulching straw after Seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings and shelter from heat or light；One cave is put
1 jin of Caulis et Folium Oryzae, Caulis et Folium Oryzae uniform fold is on face, cave；Caulis et Folium Oryzae can not be in close contact with nursery stock during covering, should 3-5 centimetre from a trunk left side
Right, it is to avoid burn seedlings when crossing volt；
2), container seedling is planted: the time of planting should be carried out before May 31；Holding planting hole successfully with hoe when planting, cave should be compared deeply
Height many 1-2 cm of Nutrition Soil, should carefully divest to the nutrient bag that can not degrade that (nutrient bag that can degrade need not be shelled
Remove), nursery stock is vertically put in center, cave, returns good soil, righting nursery stock, the place away from 15 centimetres from Seedling is by the soil pressure around nursery stock
Tightly, recess earthing again, height to earth up is for exceeding nursery stock substrate soil 2-3 centimetre.
Strip width the most according to claim 1 and planting location effectively facilitate Growth of Camellia oleifera and improve the side of fresh pod yield
Method, is characterized in that: foster fertilizer practice scheme as follows:
(1) First Year is fostered
1), spring and summer foster, plant and do cave shovel training root and stem of certain plants the 4-5 month then and foster；Every strain treelet centered by tree crown by 1.2 meters
Weeds in square scope, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan, ferrum awn winnow basket plant are rooted out totally, to the exposed ridging of root system to exceeding grafting mouth
2-3cm；To the deep soil around trunk is pushed aside to exceeding 2-3 centimetre of grafting mouth of planting；
2), autumn and winter foster, plant do once the 8-12 month then bar shovel, prune and apply fertilizer；
(1) bar shovel: the weeds in band, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan plant are rooted out totally, and digs up weeds and little miscellaneous filling
The root and stem of certain plants, weeding degree of depth 2-10 centimetre, shallow in tree crown, deep outside tree crown, root can not be hindered during weeding and hinder Seedling；Fostering the time is the 8-9 month,
(2) prune: wipe out overhead 15 centimetres with leftover bits and pieces branch, sick branch, next to that to the height of tree more than 50 centimetres without obvious branch
, at the height of tree 35 45 centimeters truncation；The pruning time be late November to Second Year by the end of February；Alabastrum should be extractd during pruning；
(3) fertilising: fertilization time be that fertilizer type is compound fertilizer, and dose is 100g by the end of November to Second Year January, and technology will
Ask as digging a long 25cm, wide 15cm, the dressing furrow of deep 15cm from tree about 20-25cm inside band, then refertilize, mix
Fertile, time soil；
3), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing, the oil tea prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to promote treelet robust growth, to strengthen resistivity and be
Main, it is auxiliary with medical treatment；Disease is mainly anthrax and soft rot, insect pest mainly food leaf and trunk borer；Medical treatment
Number of times is generally twice, carries out respectively at 5 June and 8 JIUYUE, if pest and disease damage is more serious, increases number of times；In order to save into
This, foliage dressing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are carried out simultaneously；
(2) Second Year is fostered
1), fostering spring and summer, spring and summer is the Second Year 3-5 month, it is to avoid crab rooting and hydrops, avoids high temperature season and fosters；Tending:
Zone face is that bar shovel topdresses, and the band back of the body is miscellaneous for cutting；
(1) after-culture: nursery stock after-culture work must be carried out February in Second Year, it is ensured that after planting Second Year oil tea storage rate reach 95% with
On；
(2) fertilising: the time is Second Year March, inside band, long 25 centimetres a, width is dug in the place of 20-25 centimetre from tree
15 centimetres, the dressing furrow of deep 8 centimetres, i.e. every ditch spread carbamide 100g of every strain, after fertilizer is executed uniformly, then returns full soil；
(3) bar shovel: technology requires ibid a year, the time is Second Year April-May；
(4) cut miscellaneous: the time be Second Year mid or late April to by the end of May, the weeds carried on the back by band, miscellaneous filling, bamboo class, rattan plant are all cut
Remove；
2), autumn and winter fosters: Second Year is fostered and entirely shovel with zone face autumn and winter, the band back of the body cut miscellaneous, apply fertilizer, prune and expand that cave is related is
Main；Time is the Second Year 7-12 month；Fertilization type rotation in 2 years is once 1 year sealing fertilizer, within 1 year, is fertilizer and quick-acting
Fertile mixing is used；
(1) weeding: mode is that zone face shovels entirely, the band back of the body is cut miscellaneous, and technology requires same with vernal aspect, and the time is the Second Year 7-8 month；
(2) fertilising: the place of dripping of the neat edge of the right and left in tree respectively digs long 30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, deep 25 centimetres
Dressing furrow, every ditch applies fertilizer 1 kilogram and compound fertilizer 0.1 kilogram i.e. every strain organic fertilizer 2 kilograms and compound fertilizer 0.2 public affairs
Jin, fertilizer and soil return full soil after mixing uniformly again；Fertilization time is that Second Year is by the end of November in February, the 3rd；
(3) trimming and finishing: should extract alabastrum when fostering, pruning surpasses with leftover bits and pieces branch and length to prune overhead 20 25cm
Crossing 50cm branch of excessive growth master, the height of tree controls within 1.0m, and branch of excessive growth work is dredged and deleted pruning, cultivates as retained as skeleton branch intentionally
Time, do not make cutting back before not yet sending new side shoot and process, first allow it grow, deal with again in time within the 3rd year, growing side shoot；As
Send side shoot, be then side shoot intersection cutting back, and the direction of bud has been branch developing direction；Next to that prune parallel branch, mistake
Close branch, descending branch, sick branch, withered branch；Pruning whole branch, the part stayed is short, within best 2 millimeters；
The pruning time be Second Year mid-November in by the end of February, the 3rd；
3), do 3 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing well, respectively at Second Year the first tenday period of a month May mid or late April, 7 months June and
9 October were carried out, and other require same First Year；
Within (three) the 3rd years, foster
1), spring and summer fosters: foster 3 Mays of the 3rd year time, predominantly bar shovel fertilising, after-culture, cuts miscellaneous, and benefit is planted trees Seedling standard
Same Second Year；
(1) fertilising: the time is in March, the 3rd, carbamide 200g is executed in every strain, and technology requires to foster essentially identical spring with Second Year,
The main distinction: outside dressing furrow and tree distance are for tree crown neat edge drip, a length of 30 centimetres of dressing furrow；
(2) after-culture: the 3rd year is after-culture one's last year, and after after-culture, in forest land, oil tea survival rate reaches more than 98%；
(3) cut miscellaneous: time and technology require ibid 1 year；
(4) bar shovel: time and technology require ibid a year；
2), autumn and winter fosters: fostering the time the 3rd year autumn and winter is the 3rd year 7-12 month, with bar shovel, cut miscellaneous, apply fertilizer, be trimmed to
Main；
(1) weeding: mode, time and technology require ibid a year；
(2) fertilising: time and technology require that except for the difference that dose is every strain sealing fertilizer 300g with First Year fertilising in winter,
Flower bud should be smeared except flower during fertilising；
(3) pruning: should comprehensively prune, the height of tree controls within 1.5 meters, first prunes overhead 35cm and with leftover bits and pieces branch and removes
Sprout, then wipe out thorax ventilation and penetrating light and knot of blooming in parallel branch, sick branch, withered branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch, descending branch and impact
The main branch emphasis branch of fruit, there are 3 or more than 3 branches in branch spacing same direction within 20 centimetres, can only retain
Two；Then pruning the branch of excessive growth that growing way is the most prosperous, horizontal branch is more weak, for make its turn weak be strong, to stay during cutting back
Upper bud, makes young sprout come back, and prunes whole branch, and the part stayed is smaller than 2 millimeters, and the pruning time is with second
Year, alabastrum should be erased during pruning；
3), doing the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing well, technology requires same Second Year；
Within (four) the 4th years, foster
1), spring and summer fosters: fostering the time is the 4th year 3-5 month, and main Tending is fertilising and bar shovel, it is miscellaneous to cut；
(1) fertilising: the time is in March, the 4th, fertilizing method and the 3rd year identical, difference is that every strain applies 250 grams of carbamide；
(2) cut miscellaneous: time and technology require ibid 1 year；
(3) bar shovel: time and technology require ibid a year；
2), foster autumn and winter: with weeding, apply fertilizer, be trimmed to main；To the 4th year height of tree reach 160 centimetres, hat width diameter reach 100
Centimetre oil tea arrange bear fruit；
(1) weeding: time in month and technology require same Second Year；
(2) fertilising: digging long 35cm, wide 20cm, the dressing furrow of deep 25cm on the outer left and right both sides of crown mapping, every strain applies organic
Fertile 2kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg, i.e. every ditch applies fertilizer 1 kg, a ditch spread calcium and magnesium phosphorus, another ditch
Executing potassium sulfate, fertilizer is fully mixed thoroughly with soil, returns full soil the most again；The fertilising time in month is identical with Second Year；
(3) pruning: the height of tree controls within 1.8 2.0 meters, pruning technique requires identical with the 3rd year, Qi Zhongwei
Brachyplast and the overstocked interior thorax secateurs of result remove, time in pruning month same Second Year；
(4) fruit picking: according to Growth of Camellia oleifera situation, the height of tree is reached 150 centimetres and hat width reaches the tea oil tree of 100 centimetres for the 4th year
Arrangement is born fruit；Cold Dew, seed started to gather about 7 days October, and the Frost's Descent, seed started to gather about 23 days October；
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and foliage dressing, are done well；Technology requires same Second Year；
The tending management of (five) the 5th 7 years is identical with the 3rd, the 4th year, and oil tea has been enter into the phase of bearing fruit, and dressing furrow to lengthen, to apply fertilizer
Amount to increase.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107006330A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-04 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of physical control method of new afforestation cricket and cutworm |
| CN107155744A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-15 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of forestation of bagging seedling-protection preventing and treating cricket and cutworm |
| CN108174737A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-19 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method |
| CN108200839A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-26 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea implantation methods |
| CN108283097A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-07-17 | 陶爱群 | A kind of cultural method of high yield oil tea |
| CN108566859A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-25 | 隆回县高龙桥油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN111788978A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-20 | 嘉禾嘉津实业有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for camellia oleifera |
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| CN108566859A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-25 | 隆回县高龙桥油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN108283097A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-07-17 | 陶爱群 | A kind of cultural method of high yield oil tea |
| CN107155744A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-15 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of forestation of bagging seedling-protection preventing and treating cricket and cutworm |
| CN107006330A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-04 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of physical control method of new afforestation cricket and cutworm |
| CN108174737A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-19 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea culturing and trimming method |
| CN108200839A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-26 | 福建丰盛农林科技集团有限公司 | A kind of oil tea implantation methods |
| CN111788978A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-20 | 嘉禾嘉津实业有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for camellia oleifera |
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