CN103960041A - Artificial large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting and cave expansion associated method in mountainous area - Google Patents
Artificial large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting and cave expansion associated method in mountainous area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960041A CN103960041A CN201410237820.2A CN201410237820A CN103960041A CN 103960041 A CN103960041 A CN 103960041A CN 201410237820 A CN201410237820 A CN 201410237820A CN 103960041 A CN103960041 A CN 103960041A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting and cave expansion associated method in a mountainous area, and relates to the technical field of tea-oil tree planting, for overcoming the defects of an conventional large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting method that the tea-oil trees grow worse and worse and the cultivation cost is higher and higher because in the mountainous area. The method comprises steps of selecting a forest land, designing, excavating artificial large caves, widening strips twice, planting, and cultivating and managing. Due to adoption of the cave expansion associated method, great convenience is brought to the cultivation management, the growth of tea-oil plants can be promoted, the output of fresh fruits is increased, and the cultivation, harvesting and management cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil tea planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of artificial large cave and make the related method in camellia oleifera lam expansion cave wholely.
Background technology
The construction of oil tea garden need be passed through prepare for afforestation, tending management stage, in order to save cost, the general whole ground, artificial large cave that adopts of land preparation mode when mountain area prepare for afforestation, but after afforestation, be not easy to fertilising because cave face is little, foster, the growing way of tree is not fine, makes this afforestation mode bring very big inconvenience to tending management because ground between cave is unsorted simultaneously.Along with the oil tea garden fertilizing amount fruit increasing year by year that increases year by year, bears fruit, the consequence that the method that camellia oleifera lam is made in this artificial large cave wholely is brought be oil tea growing way worse and worse, Tending cost height is more and more higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: for overcome artificial large cave, mountain area whole make oil tea growing way that camellia oleifera lam method brings worse and worse, shortcoming that Tending cost height is more and more higher, the invention provides a kind of artificial large cave and make the related method in camellia oleifera lam expansion cave wholely, this related method in expansion cave not only brings great convenience to tending management, and can promote Growth of Camellia oleifera, improves fresh pod yield and reduction is fostered, harvesting and management cost.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
artificial large cave, mountain area is made camellia oleifera lam wholely and is expanded the related method in cave, comprisesforest land is selected, cleaning, whole ground, plants, fosters fertilising, it is characterized in that
step is as follows:
One, forest land is selected, should select height above sea level to be no more than 450 meters, the gradient is no more than 25 degree, soil thickness to be not less than 70 centimetres, slope aspect is that tailo or half tailo, soil are that red soil or yellow earth etc. are acid or slightly acidic forest land, there is the sandy loam loose, deep, draining is good, fertile best to the growth of oil tea, after forest land is chosen, again integrated planning is carried out in selected forest land, carry out afforestation and foster design;
Two, forest land cleaning is removed the plant such as weeds, assorted filling on mountain by the method for entirely cutting comprehensively, cuts down pocket should be controlled at below 20 centimetres, and forest land cleaning is 8-September of time;
Three, repair woods pavement, for ease of tending management and fruit pickings such as fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, repair from top to bottom a woods pavement every 50-80 rice along ridge line or hillside, the long 80-100 centimetre of pavement specification, wide 25-35 centimetre, high 20-30 centimetre;
Four, whole ground, artificial large cave, after the cleaning of forest land, can carry out immediately whole ground, the seeding row spacing of oil tea is 2.5 meters * 3.0 meters, every mu of 89 strains, should first fix a point before whole ground, are row along contour direction, be that order carries out determining row from the hilltop to the foot of the hill with bamboo bar, in the ranks horizontal range is 3 meters, the upper spacing in the rows of determining of being then expert at, and spacing in the rows is 2.5 meters; While determining seeding row spacing, should be set up and carry out mark so that workman digs cave digging acupuncture point; Before digging cave, shrub is stacked in the middle of line-spacing, so that prepare for afforestation and fostering; The specification in cave is dark 40 centimetres of long 50 centimetres of wide 50 centimetres of * of *; While digging cave, table soil and cubsoil are wanted pile up separately; Cave dig apply fertilizer back again after what a month native; Fertilising, time native technical requirement are: first the table earthen backfill of left and right, cave is entered to cave, and grass roots, tree root, stone are cleaned out, when soil is inadequate, can show earthen backfill in acupoint selection top, return soil to cave dark 1/3-1/2 time base manure: 3 jin of fertilizers, 1 jin of calcium magnesium phosphorus or potassium dihydrogen phosphate or superphosphate, meta-acid soil can place a little lime and apply in cave, then fertilizer and table soil are stirred, again round end shape is expired and is in clean cubsoil backfill, cave face is answered 10cm above ground level left and right, the lower connate water in case loosen the soil, fertilising, time soil completed before January;
Five, plant: carry before planting and should choose nursery stock, nursery stock is generally selected 2 years raw high-quality grafting bareroot seedlings, as missed whole season too late, that plant bareroot seedling, select a kind container seedling; Kind should select long woods series, Jiangxi oil series, Jiangxi without improved seeds such as series, should select one, two class seedlings simultaneously, stops to wait outer seedling, inferior seedling, sick worm seedling to go up a hill; By oil tea nursery stock type, method for planting has two kinds: naked-root planting and container seedling are planted; The time of planting is generally since the beginning of spring, should be chosen in before cloudy day, light rain or rain, after rain ground moistening time, plants;
1), naked-root planting: the time of planting be at the end of two months before, can not exceed at the latest early March, on nursery stock, be stained with root with yellow mud in front of the mountains, when field planting, hold planting hole successfully, dark 15-20 centimetres of cave, then puts into cave nursery stock, and nursery stock is just put, shoot root is launched, while banketing, first insert in cave with moistening and in small, broken bits table soil, fill out soil soon when the face of flat cave, nursery stock upwards one is carried gently, shoot root is unfolded, then track tramping, then Hui Tuzhi tracks tramping while exceeding 10 centimetres of left and right of cave face again; At this moment native face should be equal with oil tea grafting mouth, finally the loosening the soil of 2-3 centimetres of lid layers on the face of cave; The nursery stock of cannot planting completely the same day will do well to heel in, after field planting completes ten days, start to patrol seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings, to being short of seedling, weak seedling, sick seedling, inferior mu should fill in time, patrolling seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings and generally will arrange 2-3 time, to guarantee that survival rate reaches more than 85%, complete field planting and patrol and after seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings, carry out mulching straw and shelter from heat or light; 1 jin of straw is put in a cave, and straw uniform fold, on the face of cave, can not, by straw and nursery stock close contact, should, from trunk 3-5 centimetre left and right, burn seedling when covering while avoiding volt;
2, container seedling is planted: the time of planting should carry out before May 31, while planting, hold planting hole successfully with hoe, dark 15 centimetres of cave, the nutritious bag care should be used to that can not degrade is divested, and the nutritious bag that can degrade need not divest, and nursery stock is vertically put in to center, cave, return good soil, righting nursery stock, from the place away from 15 centimetres of seedlings, by tight nursery stock soil pressure around, recess is earthing again, and height to earth up is for exceeding the native 2-3 centimetre of nursery stock matrix;
Six, fostering fertilising and expand cave related, is reduce water and soil loss and landslide and expand the related disposable labour in cave and drop into, and expands that cave is related carries out at twice:
(1) First Year is fostered
1, foster spring and summer, plant and should do then cave shovel training root and stem of certain plants the 4-5 month and foster, every strain treelet is rooted out the plants such as the weeds in 1.2 meters of square scopes, assorted filling, bamboo class, rattan, iron awn winnow basket totally centered by tree crown, to exposed should the earthing up to exceeding grafting mouth 2-3cm of root system, to dark trunk soil around should being pushed aside to exceeding grafting mouth 2-3cm of planting;
2, foster autumn and winter, plant and do once then bar shovel the 8-12 month, prune and fertilising:
(1) bar shovel: the plants such as the weeds within the scope of band, assorted filling, bamboo class, rattan are rooted out totally, and dug up weeds and the little assorted filling root and stem of certain plants, weeding degree of depth 2-10 centimetre, shallow in tree crown, tree crown is dark outward, can not hinder root and hinder seedling when weeding, and the time of fostering is the 8-9 month;
(2) prune: wipe out overhead 15 centimetres with branch, the sick branch of getting a foothold, secondly the height of tree exceeded to 40 centimetres without obvious branch, should be at the height of tree 35-40 centimeters truncations, the pruning time be late November to Second Year by the end of February, when pruning, should extract bud;
[0006](3) fertilising: the right and left in tree respectively digs the dressing furrow of long 30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, dark 25 centimetres from tree 20-23 centimeters, every ditch applies 1.5 jin of fertilizers, fertilizer and soil return full soil after mixing evenly again, and fertilization time is for by the end of November to Second Year January;
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application, the oil tea extermination of disease and insect pest is to promote the healthy and strong growth of treelet, to strengthen resistivity as main, taking medical treatment as auxiliary, disease is mainly anthracnose and soft rot, and insect pest is mainly food leaf and trunk borer, medical treatment number of times is generally twice, respectively at carrying out in 5-June and 8-September, if damage by disease and insect is more serious, should increase number of times, for cost-saving, foliar application and the extermination of disease and insect pest can be carried out simultaneously.
(2) Second Year is fostered
Foster 1 spring and summer, and be the 3-5 month spring and summer, avoids crab rooting and ponding, avoids high temperature season and foster, Tending: zone face is that bar shovel topdresses, and the band back of the body is assorted for cutting.；
(1) after-culture: must carry out nursery stock after-culture work February, after guaranteeing to plant, Second Year oil tea storage rate reaches more than 95%;
(2) bar shovel fertilising: the time is March, the same First Year of bar shovel technical requirement, fertilising: dig the dressing furrow of long 25 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, dark 10 centimetres in band inner side from the place of 20-25 centimetre, tree, urea 100g is executed in every strain (being every ditch), after fertilizer is executed evenly, then return full soil;
(3) cut assorted: the time is mid or late April to by the end of May, and the plants such as weeds that will the band back of the body, assorted filling, bamboo class, rattan are all surgeried;
2, foster autumn and winter.Second Year is fostered taking chemistry control grass, applies fertilizer, prunes and to expand cave related to main autumn and winter.Time is the 7-12 month.Fertilization type is 1 year organic fertilizer, 1 year sealing fertilizer, and rotation in 2 years is once;
(1) chemistry control grass: Second Year starts to carry out every year once chemistry control grass, to whole herbicide sprayings of plant such as the weeds in forest land, assorted filling, rattan, iron awns beanstalks, and must spray comprehensively and put in place, till being covered with liquid to blade.Avoid medicine to spray application on tea oil tree simultaneously; Spraying the medicine time is the 7-8 month;
(2) fertilising: fertilization time is for by the end of November to Second Year January, fertilizer type is composite fertilizer, fertilizing amount is 200g, and technical requirement is that band inner side is dug a long 25cm, wide 20cm, the dressing furrow of 15cm, and then fertilising deeply, mixes fertilizer, returned soil from tree 25cm left and right;
(3) trimming and finishing: should extract bud while fostering, pruning exceedes 50cm water sprout as main, within the height of tree is controlled at 1.0m to prune overhead 20-25cm taking get a foothold branch and length; 30-40 centimeters that the clip position of water sprout is branch length, clip position is 2-3 centimetres from the distance of bud, and the direction of bud is branch developing direction; Next is to prune parallel branch, overstocked branch, descending branch, sick branch, withered branch.Whole branch pruned, and the part staying is as far as possible short, within best 3 millimeters.The pruning time be mid-November to Second Year by the end of February;
(4) expansion cave is related: be reduce water and soil loss and landslide and expand the related disposable labour in cave and drop into, expand that cave is related carries out at twice, first band is diffused into 1.3 meters wide for the first time, first the plants such as the weeds in 50 centimeter square within the scope of source points face, assorted filling, little mangosteen, rattan are all rooted out, expand inward into 50-80 centimetres in source points inner side again, by the mode of filling out outside interior digging, basic place tea oil tree in the same horizontal line can be interconnected, finally form the counter-slope shape horizontal strip of 1.3 meters of wide, high outside and low outside 5 degree; Expansion cave is related can carry out in conjunction with fertilising in winter simultaneously;
3, do the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application well, number of times is generally 3 times, and respectively at carrying out in the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April-May, June-July and 9-October, other require same First Year;
(3), within the 3rd year, foster
1, foster spring and summer, foster 3-May of time, be mainly bar shovel fertilising, after-culture, cut assortedly, mend the same Second Year of seedling standard of planting trees;
(1) bar shovel fertilising: the time is March, and urea 200g is executed in every strain, it is basic identical that technical requirement and Second Year are fostered spring, the main distinction: dressing furrow and tree are apart from being that outside the neat edge drip of tree crown, dressing furrow length is 30 centimetres;
(2) after-culture: the 3rd year is after-culture one's last year, and after after-culture, in forest land, oil tea survival rate reaches more than 98%;
(3) cut assorted: the same 1 year of time and technical requirement;
2, foster autumn and winter, the time of fostering the 3rd year autumn and winter is the 7-12 month, shovels, applies fertilizer, is trimmed to master with bar;
(1) chemistry control grass: the same a year of time and technical requirement;
(2) fertilising: the dressing furrow of long 35cm, wide 20cm, dark 30cm is dug on left and right both sides outside tree crown projection, and every strain applies fertilizer 2kg, calcium magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg.Be that every ditch applies fertilizer 1 kg, execute because calcium magnesium p and s acid potassium can not mix, thus a ditch spread calcium magnesium phosphorus, another ditch spread potassium sulfate.Fertilizer and soil are fully mixed thoroughly, and then return full soil, when fertilising, should smear flower bud except flower, and fertilization time is identical with Second Year;
(3) pruning: should prune, the height of tree is controlled within 1.5 meters comprehensively.First prune overhead 35cm to get a foothold branch and except sprouting, the emphasis branch that the parallel branch that wiping out branch spacing same direction within 20 centimetres has more than 3 or 3 branch again can only retain two, sick branch, withered branch, intersect branch, overlapping branch, descending branch and can affect interior thorax ventilation and penetrating light and yield positive results, then the excessively prosperous water sprout of growing way is carried out to cutting back, horizontal branch is more weak, for making it turn weak for strong, when cutting back, to stay bud, young sprout is come back; Whole branch pruned, and the part staying is as far as possible short, within best 3 millimeters.Same Second Year of pruning time.When pruning, bud should be erased;
3, do the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application well, the same Second Year of technical requirement.
Within (four) the 4th years, foster
1, foster spring and summer, the time of fostering is the 3-5 month, and main Tending is for fertilising and manually cut assorted;
(1) fertilising: the time is March, and fertilizing method is identical with the 3rd year, and difference is that every strain (being every ditch) applies 250 grams, urea;
(2) cut assorted: the time is the 4-5 month, and the plant that the dead assorted filling of upper one year of chemistry control grass, bamboo class, fragrant plant thatch etc. affects to Growth of Camellia oleifera does that once cutting mixes fosters;
2, foster autumn and winter, taking chemistry control grass, apply fertilizer, prune and to expand cave related to main, reach to the 4th year height of tree the oil tea that 160 centimetres, hat width diameter reach 80 centimetres and can arrange to bear fruit;
(1) chemistry control grass: the same Second Year of time and technical requirement;
(2) fertilising: time and technical requirement are with Second Year fertilising autumn and winter, and different is that fertilizing amount is every strain sealing fertilizer 300g;
(3) pruning: the height of tree is controlled within 1.8-2.0 meters.Pruning technique requires with the 3rd year basic identical, and different is that the brachyplast of not result and overstocked interior thorax branch are wiped out as far as possible.Same Second Year of pruning time;
(4) band is widened, the 4th year winter after afforestation, at this moment the oil tea height of tree has reached 160 centimetres, hat 90 centimetres of left and right, it is narrow that band seems, and the band expanding is for the first time more firm, therefore should carry out band for the second time widens, specifically band is diffused into 2.0 meters wide from 1.3 meters, dig before band first by the weeds within the scope of former zone face, assorted filling, little mangosteen, rattan, the plants such as iron awn winnow basket are all rooted out, expand inward into 50-70 centimetres in former band inner side again, by the mode of filling out outside interior digging, finally make band form 2.0 meters wide, the counter-slope shape horizontal strip of high outside and low outside (5 degree).Band is widened and had better not be exceeded the 5th year for the second time, otherwise can affect, fertilising is fostered, management and fruit picking;
3, do the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application well, the same Second Year of technical requirement;
(5), the tending management of the 5-7 year and the 3rd, the 4th year basic identical, the main distinction is that oil tea has entered the initial stage of bearing fruit, dressing furrow will lengthen, fertilizing amount will suitably increase.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: growth, the raising fresh pod yield that can promote oil tea.Existing test shows, expanded the related height of tree in cave, leading thread, hat width, fresh pod yield than not expanding the related increase in cave 18%, 17%, 19%, 21%(is shown in the table 1 in embodiment 1), also can reduce to foster and pluck cost 26%, reaching output increases obviously, is convenient to management, long-term benefited object.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
embodiment 1
Within 2009, oil tea garden is built on duty township ferry village shopkeeper row, blue or green Jiang Ping, He Keng Gao great cave wholely, plantation in 2010,2900 mu of areas, expand for the first time cave winter in 2011 and dig band, carry out band for the second time winter in 2013 and widen, 180 centimetres of oil tea mean stand heights now, 4.1 centimetres of average leading threads, 95 centimetres of even crown diameter diameters were born fruit in 2013 comprehensively.Individual plant maximum output 4.3KG, indivedual strain minimum output 0.10KG, strain average yield .0.35KG.Plantation specification 2.5*3M, every mu of 89 strains, per mu yield fresh fruit 31.2KG.
Applicant for Qing Jiang level ground a slice forest form neat and land preparation mode to be that cave is expanded in the oil tea garden on whole ground, artificial large cave related and do not expand the related test in cave, related and do not expand and the related camellia oleifera lam in cave, respectively select 100 strain oil teas from expanding cave, the in the situation that of same tending management, do comparative trial, result of the test sees the following form 1.
Table 1 unit: centimetre, kilogram
| The height of tree | Leading thread | Hat width | The average fresh pod yield of strain | |
| Expand cave related | 184 | 4.1 | 101 | 0.35 |
| Do not expand cave related | 156 | 3.5 | 85 | 0.29 |
| Amplification (amount) % | 17.9 | 17.1 | 18.8 | 20.7 |
embodiment 2
2009 Ding Po home town Tian Cun do large cave whole build oil tea garden, plantation in 2010,850 mu of areas, expand for the first time cave winter in 2011 and dig band, carry out band for the second time winter in 2013 and widen, 182 centimetres of oil tea mean stand heights now, 4.2 centimetres of average leading threads, 99 centimetres of even crown diameter diameters were born fruit in 2013 comprehensively.Individual plant maximum output 4.6KG, indivedual strain minimum output 0.12KG, the average 0.37KG of strain.Plantation specification 2.5*3.1M, every mu of 86 strains, per mu yield fresh fruit 31.8KG.
embodiment 3
2009 Shang Yuan village, Rayleigh town and Gao great cave, one large village whole build oil tea garden, plantation in 2010,1650 mu of areas, expand for the first time cave winter in 2011 and dig band, carry out bar for the second time winter in 2014 and widen, now 178 centimetres of oil tea mean stand heights, 4.0 centimetres of average leading threads, 97 centimetres of even crown diameter diameters.Plantation specification 2.5*3M, every mu of 88 strains were born fruit in 2013 comprehensively.Individual plant maximum output 4.2KG, indivedual strain minimum output 0.08KG, the average 0.34KG of strain.Plantation specification 2.5*3M, every mu of 89 strains, per mu yield fresh fruit 30.3KG.
Claims (4)
1. artificial large cave, mountain area is made camellia oleifera lam wholely and is expanded the related method in cave, comprises that forest land is selected, cleaning, whole ground, plants, fosters fertilising, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
One, forest land is selected, selecting height above sea level to be no more than 450 meters, the gradient is no more than 25 degree, soil thickness to be not less than 70 centimetres, slope aspect is that tailo or half tailo, soil are that red soil or yellow earth etc. are acid or slightly acidic forest land, preferably there is the sand loose, deep, draining is good, fertile, after forest land is chosen, carry out forest land and carry out integrated planning, carry out afforestation and foster design;
Two, forest land cleaning is removed the plant such as weeds, assorted filling on mountain by the method for entirely cutting comprehensively, cuts down pocket should be controlled at below 20 centimetres, and forest land cleaning is 8-September of time;
Three, repair woods pavement, repair from top to bottom a woods pavement every 50-80 rice along ridge line or hillside, the long 80-100 centimetre of pavement specification, wide 25-35 centimetre, high 20-30 centimetre;
Four, whole ground, artificial large cave, after the cleaning of forest land, carry out whole ground, it is 2.5 meters * 3.0 meters by the strain of oil tea, line-spacing, every mu of 89 strain designs, should first fix a point before whole ground, are row along contour direction, be that order carries out determining row from the hilltop to the foot of the hill with bamboo bar, in the ranks horizontal range is 3 meters, the upper spacing in the rows of determining of being then expert at, and spacing in the rows is 2.5 meters; While determining seeding row spacing, be set up and carry out mark digging acupuncture point; Before digging cave, shrub is stacked in the middle of line-spacing; The specification in cave is dark 40 centimetres of long 50 centimetres of wide 50 centimetres of * of *; While digging cave, table soil and cubsoil are wanted pile up separately; Cave dig apply fertilizer back again after what a month native; Fertilising, time native technical requirement are: first the table earthen backfill of left and right, cave is entered to cave, and grass roots, tree root, stone are cleaned out, acupoint selection top table earthen backfill when soil is inadequate, return soil to cave dark 1/3-1/2 time base manure: 3 jin of fertilizers, 1 jin of calcium magnesium phosphorus or potassium dihydrogen phosphate or superphosphate, meta-acid soil places a little lime and applies in cave, then fertilizer and table soil are stirred, again round end shape is expired and is in clean cubsoil backfill, cave face is answered 10cm above ground level left and right, and fertilising, time soil completed before January;
Five, plant: carry before planting and should choose nursery stock, 2 years raw high-quality grafting bareroot seedlings of selection of seedling, as missed whole season too late, that plant bareroot seedling, select a kind container seedling; Kind is selected oil tea improved seeds, selects one, two class seedlings simultaneously, stops to wait outer seedling, inferior seedling, sick worm seedling to go up a hill; By oil tea nursery stock type, method for planting has two kinds: naked-root planting and container seedling are planted; The time of planting is generally since the beginning of spring, while being chosen in before cloudy day, light rain or rain, after rain ground moistening, plants;
Six, foster fertilising and expand cave related, expand that cave is related carries out at twice:
(1) First Year is fostered
1), foster spring and summer, plant and do then cave shovel training root and stem of certain plants the 4-5 month and foster, every strain treelet is rooted out the weeds in 1.2 meters of square scopes, assorted filling, bamboo class, rattan, iron awn winnow basket plant totally centered by tree crown, to the exposed ridging of root system to exceeding grafting mouth 2-3cm, to dark trunk soil was around pushed aside to exceeding grafting mouth 2-3cm of planting;
2), foster autumn and winter, plant and do once then bar shovel the 8-12 month, prune and fertilising:
(1) bar shovel: the plants such as the weeds within the scope of band, assorted filling, bamboo class, rattan are rooted out totally, and dug up weeds and the little assorted filling root and stem of certain plants, weeding degree of depth 2-10 centimetre, shallow in tree crown, tree crown is dark outward, can not hinder root and hinder seedling when weeding, and the time of fostering is the 8-9 month;
(2) prune: wipe out overhead 15 centimetres with branch, the sick branch of getting a foothold, secondly the height of tree exceeded to 40 centimetres without obvious branch, at the height of tree 35-40 centimeters truncations, the pruning time be late November to Second Year by the end of February, when pruning, should extract bud;
(3) fertilising: the right and left in tree respectively digs the dressing furrow of long 30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, dark 25 centimetres from tree 20-23 centimeters, every ditch applies 1.5 jin of fertilizers, fertilizer and soil return full soil after mixing evenly again, and fertilization time is for by the end of November to Second Year January;
3), the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application, disease refers to anthracnose and soft rot, insect pest refers to food leaf and trunk borer, medical treatment number of times is twice, respectively at carrying out in 5-June and 8-September, damage by disease and insect is more serious, increases number of times, for cost-saving, foliar application and the extermination of disease and insect pest are carried out simultaneously;
(2) Second Year is fostered
1), foster spring and summer, be the 3-5 month spring and summer, avoids crab rooting and ponding, avoids high temperature season and foster, Tending: zone face is that bar shovel topdresses, and the band back of the body is assorted for cutting;
(1) after-culture: must carry out nursery stock after-culture work February, after guaranteeing to plant, Second Year oil tea storage rate reaches more than 95%;
(2) bar shovel fertilising: the time is March, the same First Year of bar shovel technical requirement, fertilising: dig the dressing furrow of long 25 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, dark 10 centimetres in band inner side from the place of 20-25 centimetre, tree, urea 100g is executed in every strain (being every ditch), after fertilizer is executed evenly, then return full soil;
(3) cut assorted: the time is mid or late April to by the end of May, and the plants such as weeds that will the band back of the body, assorted filling, bamboo class, rattan are all surgeried;
2), foster autumn and winter, Second Year is fostered and comprise chemistry control grass, fertilising, prune and to expand cave related autumn and winter, the time is the 7-12 month; Fertilization type is 1 year organic fertilizer, 1 year sealing fertilizer, and rotation in 2 years is once;
(1) chemistry control grass: Second Year starts to carry out every year once chemistry control grass, to whole herbicide sprayings of plant such as the weeds in forest land, assorted filling, rattan, iron awns beanstalks, and must spray and put in place comprehensively, till being covered with liquid to blade, avoid medicine to spray application on tea oil tree simultaneously; Spraying the medicine time is the 7-8 month;
(2) fertilising: fertilization time is for by the end of November to Second Year January, fertilizer type is composite fertilizer, fertilizing amount is 200g, and technical requirement is that band inner side is dug a long 25cm, wide 20cm, the dressing furrow of 15cm, and then fertilising deeply, mixes fertilizer, returned soil from tree 25cm left and right;
(3) trimming and finishing: should extract bud while fostering, prune overhead 20-25cm and exceed 50cm water sprout with get a foothold branch and length, within the height of tree is controlled at 1.0m; 30-40 centimeters that the clip position of water sprout is branch length, clip position is 2-3 centimetres from the distance of bud, and the direction of bud is branch developing direction; Next is to prune parallel branch, overstocked branch, descending branch, sick branch, withered branch, and whole branch pruned, and the part staying is as far as possible short, within best 3 millimeters; The pruning time be mid-November to Second Year by the end of February;
(4) expand cave related: expand that cave is related carries out at twice, first band is diffused into 1.3 meters wide for the first time, first the plants such as the weeds in 50 centimeter square within the scope of source points face, assorted filling, little mangosteen, rattan are all rooted out, expand inward into 50-80 centimetres in source points inner side again, by the mode of filling out outside interior digging, the place's of making tea oil tree in the same horizontal line can interconnect, and finally forms the counter-slope shape horizontal strip of 1.3 meters of wide, high outside and low outside 5 degree; Expansion cave is related can carry out in conjunction with fertilising in winter simultaneously;
3), do the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application well, number of times is 3 times, respectively at carrying out in the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April-May, June-July and 9-October, other require same First Year;
(3), within the 3rd year, foster
1), foster spring and summer, fosters 3-May of time, has bar shovel fertilising, after-culture, cuts assortedly, mends the same Second Year of seedling standard of planting trees;
(1) bar shovel fertilising: the time is March, and urea 200g is executed in every strain, it is basic identical that technical requirement and Second Year are fostered spring, difference: dressing furrow and tree are apart from being that outside the neat edge drip of tree crown, dressing furrow length is 30 centimetres;
(2) after-culture: the 3rd year is after-culture one's last year, and after after-culture, in forest land, oil tea survival rate reaches more than 98%;
(3) cut assorted: the same 1 year of time and technical requirement;
2), foster autumn and winter, the time of fostering the 3rd year autumn and winter is the 7-12 month, carries out chemistry control grass, fertilising, prunes;
(1) chemistry control grass: the same a year of time and technical requirement;
(2) fertilising: the dressing furrow of long 35cm, wide 20cm, dark 30cm is dug on left and right both sides outside tree crown projection, every strain applies fertilizer 2kg, calcium magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg, be that every ditch applies fertilizer 1 kg, a ditch spread calcium magnesium phosphorus, another ditch spread potassium sulfate; Fertilizer and soil are fully mixed thoroughly, and then return full soil, when fertilising, smear flower bud except flower, and fertilization time is identical with Second Year;
(3) pruning: comprehensively prune, the height of tree is controlled within 1.5 meters, first prune overhead 35cm to get a foothold branch and except sprouting, the emphasis branch that the parallel branch that wiping out branch spacing same direction within 20 centimetres has more than 3 or 3 branch again can only retain two, sick branch, withered branch, intersect branch, overlapping branch, descending branch and can affect interior thorax ventilation and penetrating light and yield positive results, then the excessively prosperous water sprout of growing way is carried out to cutting back, horizontal branch is more weak, when cutting back, will stay bud, and young sprout is come back; Whole branch pruned, and the part staying is as far as possible short, and within best 3 millimeters, same Second Year of pruning time, should erase bud when pruning;
3), do the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application, the same Second Year of technical requirement well;
Within (four) the 4th years, foster
1), foster spring and summer, the time of fostering is the 3-5 month, main Tending is for fertilising and manually cut assorted;
(1) fertilising: the time is March, and fertilizing method is identical with the 3rd year, and difference is that every strain applies 250 grams, urea;
(2) cut assorted: the time is the 4-5 month, and the plant that the dead assorted filling of upper one year of chemistry control grass, bamboo class, fragrant plant thatch etc. affects to Growth of Camellia oleifera does that once cutting mixes fosters;
2), foster autumn and winter, taking chemistry control grass, apply fertilizer, prune and to expand cave related to main, reach to the 4th year height of tree the oil tea that 160 centimetres, hat width diameter reach 80 centimetres and can arrange to bear fruit;
(1) chemistry control grass: the same Second Year of time and technical requirement;
(2) fertilising: time and technical requirement are with Second Year fertilising autumn and winter, and different is that fertilizing amount is every strain sealing fertilizer 300g;
(3) pruning: the height of tree is controlled within 1.8-2.0 meters, pruning technique requires with the 3rd year basic identical, and different is that the brachyplast of not result and overstocked interior thorax branch are wiped out as far as possible, same Second Year of pruning time;
(4) band is widened, the 4th year winter after afforestation, at this moment the oil tea height of tree has reached 160 centimetres, hat 90 centimetres of left and right, it is narrow that band seems, and the band expanding is for the first time more firm, therefore should carry out band for the second time widens, specifically band is diffused into 2.0 meters wide from 1.3 meters, dig before band first by the weeds within the scope of former zone face, assorted filling, little mangosteen, rattan, the plants such as iron awn winnow basket are all rooted out, expand inward into 50-70 centimetres in former band inner side again, by the mode of filling out outside interior digging, finally make band form 2.0 meters wide, the counter-slope shape horizontal strip of high outside and low outside 5 degree, band is widened and is not exceeded the 5th year for the second time,
3), do the extermination of disease and insect pest and foliar application, the same Second Year of technical requirement well;
(5), the tending management of the 5-7 year and the 3rd, the 4th year basic identical, the main distinction is that oil tea has entered the initial stage of bearing fruit, dressing furrow will lengthen, fertilizing amount will suitably increase.
2.
as claimed in claim 1artificial large cave, mountain area is made camellia oleifera lam wholely and is expanded the related method in cave, it is characterized in that: naked-root planting: the time of planting be at the end of two months before, can not exceed early March, on nursery stock, be stained with root with yellow mud in front of the mountains, when field planting, hold planting hole successfully, dark 15-20 centimetres of cave, then nursery stock is put into cave, and nursery stock is just put, shoot root is launched, while banketing, first insert in cave with moistening and in small, broken bits table soil, fill out soil soon when the face of flat cave, nursery stock upwards one is carried gently, shoot root is unfolded, then track tramping, then Hui Tuzhi tracks tramping while exceeding 10 centimetres of left and right of cave face again; Soil face should be equal with oil tea grafting mouth, finally the loosening the soil of 2-3 centimetres of lid layers on the face of cave; The nursery stock of cannot planting completely the same day will do well to heel in, after field planting completes ten days, start to patrol seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings, to being short of seedling, weak seedling, sick seedling, inferior mu fill in time, patrolling seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings and will arrange 2-3 time, to guarantee that survival rate reaches more than 85%, complete field planting and patrol and after seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings, carry out mulching straw and shelter from heat or light; 1 jin of straw is put in a cave, and straw uniform fold, on the face of cave, can not, by straw and nursery stock close contact, from trunk 3-5 centimetre left and right, burn seedling when covering while avoiding volt.
3.
as claimed in claim 1artificial large cave, mountain area is made camellia oleifera lam wholely and is expanded the related method in cave, it is characterized in that: container seedling is planted: the time of planting carried out before May 31, while planting, hold planting hole successfully with hoe, dark 15 centimetres of cave, carefully divests the nutritious bag that can not degrade, the nutritious bag that can degrade need not divest, nursery stock is vertically put in to cave center, returns good soil, righting nursery stock, from the place away from 15 centimetres of seedlings by tight nursery stock soil pressure around, recess is earthing again, and height to earth up is for exceeding nursery stock matrix soil 2-3 centimetre.
4.
as claimed in claim 1artificial large cave, mountain area is made camellia oleifera lam wholely and is expanded the related method in cave, it is characterized in that: kind selects long woods series, Jiangxi oil series, Jiangxi without serial improved seeds.
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