CN105103927A - Ridge-furrow planting method for preventing and controlling desertification of southern granite red earth drought farmland - Google Patents
Ridge-furrow planting method for preventing and controlling desertification of southern granite red earth drought farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN105103927A CN105103927A CN201510632252.0A CN201510632252A CN105103927A CN 105103927 A CN105103927 A CN 105103927A CN 201510632252 A CN201510632252 A CN 201510632252A CN 105103927 A CN105103927 A CN 105103927A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A ridge-furrow planting method for preventing and controlling desertification of a southern granite red earth drought farmland comprises the following steps that (1) a piece of ridge-furrow land is selected from a granite red earth low-hummock hilly area; (2) a 'soil mixing method' is carried out in a convex slope drought farmland at the top of the mountain to perform desertification control, clay is moved to an uphill section to press sand and form planting ridges, the ridges and furrows are distributed alternatively, crops are planted in small holes formed in the ridges, and paspalum notatum is planted in the furrows; (3) 'contour strip intercropping' is carried out in the granite red earth drought farmland, the crops and pasture are planted in a contour strip mode, and a 'deep scarification method' is adopted at intervals for inter-tillage; (4) 'ridge-furrow alternated planting' is carried out in hill-foot gentle slope drought farmland, contour ridging is adopted, ridges and furrows are alternated and are both used for crop planting; (5) contour pasture strips are formed in an orchard; (6) stepped slop level drought farmland is changed into level terraces, soil ridges are formed on the outer sides of the terraces, 'bermuda grass' is planted in the ridges and the walls of the terraces, the inner sides of the terraces are dug to form 'bamboo-shaped ditches', and crops and medicinal materials are planted in the surfaces of the level terraces. By means of the ridge-furrow planting method for preventing and controlling the desertification of the southern granite red earth drought farmland, the water retention and holding capacity of soil can be improved, and the water and soil conserving effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of furrow implantation methods of southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control.
Background technology
Granite red major part is distributed in area, low mountains and hills hillock, about relative altitude 100m, is one of In The Soils of Red soil regions of subtropics.
Granite red matrix is primarily of feldspar, quartz, mica composition, under the hot-humid climate condition of subtropics, quartz is weathered into sand grains, and feldspar resolves into kaolin, forms deep loose weathered crust, this weathered crust soil texture is light, its sand grain content is more than 40%, and thus, water penetration is large, corrosion stability is little, severe water and soil erosion.
Due to severe water and soil erosion, i.e. the double action of rainwash and interflow, the clay that topsoil particle is little, powder are taken to descending location by flowing water, even flow into valley floor, make uphill that segment table soil layer sand grains ratio is increasing, some sand grain contents are up to 80%-90%, and soil desertifies; According to surveying and determination, oneself desertify granite red dry cropland, July, August temperature up to more than 30 DEG C, evaporation discharge is large, humidity is little, domatic temperature 65-70 DEG C, table soil dark 5 centimeters temperature also up to 50 DEG C, substantially lose plant growing condition.
At present, southern granite red dry cropland desertifies serious, and no matter be which kind of granite red dry cropland, owing to being traditional up and down slope cultivation, water and soil loss is all serious; Not Shaolin (really) although built horizontal ladder soil, but farming is frequent, add that many soil erosion management are not in place, water intellectual loses still serious, annual flow is deeply at about 500mm, and year, soil erosion amount was at 10t/h about ㎡, added the effect of interflow, soil layer clay impoverishing is more, and dry cropland desertifies serious.According to surveying and determination, with reference to table 1,1998-2009 is in 20 years, granite red dry cropland topsoil 2-0.2mm sand grains adds 7.11% (gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland)-31.98% (convex slope, mountain top dry cropland), and the clay being less than 0.002mm decreases 5.98% (gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland)-12.95% (granite red soil dry cropland).
The dynamic change of table 1 southern granite red dry cropland topsoil particle composition different planting period
* hydrometer method measures.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcomes the deficiency of above-mentioned background technology, provides one can improve guarantor's water-holding capacity, the furrow implantation methods of the effective southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control that conserves water and soil.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is that a kind of furrow implantation methods of southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control, comprises the following steps:
(1) in the low hummock hilly area of granite red, convex slope, mountain top dry cropland, granite red soil dry cropland, gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland, woods fruit ground or stepped ramp type slope dry cropland is selected to plant soil as furrow;
(2) mountain top convex slope dry cropland implements " soil moved in improve the original method " sand control, upward slope location pressure is moved to husky by the clay of descending location argillic horizon or external clay, build up plantation ridge, row spacing 0.3-0.5m (preferred 0.4m), high 0.1-0.3m (preferred 0.2m); Ridge, ditch distribute alternately, each 02-0.4m of ditch depth, furrow width (preferred 0.3m); Vesicle site preparation and fertilization kind crop on ridge, plants paspalum notatum in ditch;
(3) granite red soil dry cropland implements " contour strip intercropping ", and namely crop, herbage such as are at the high-band plantation, and interval adopts " subsoiling method " intertillage, and namely a band adopts " subsoiling method " intertillage, and an adjacent band is not intertilled;
(4) gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland implements " the alternate plantation of furrow ", i.e. contour ridging, and ridge, ditch are alternate, and all plant crop, long-stalked crops are arranged in ditch, and short-stalked crop is arranged on ridge;
(5) woods is really contour builds herbage band, and band band is at a distance of 0.8-1.2m (preferred 1.0m), bandwidth 0.4-0.6m (preferred 0.5m); Young garden intercropping crops;
(6) stepped ramp type slope dry cropland repaiies horizontal ladder soil, and the low bank of earth between fields is built, ridge height 0.1-0.3m (preferred 0.2m) in ladder outside, with terraced wall kind herbage " Bermuda grass " on the ridge; Ladder inner side is dug " ring ditch ", and tread kind crops are or/and medicinal material.
Further, in step (2), described clay is open grave mud.
Further, in step (3), the next year crop rotation of described crop and grass.
Further, in step (5), described herbage is paspalum notatum and butch clover, described paspalum notatum and butch clover mixed seeding; Before sowing, grass seed carries out presowing treatment: paspalum notatum 35-45 DEG C of (preferably 40 DEG C) water seed soaking 8-14h (preferred 12h), airing, then reinstate the fertile solution mixed liquor seed dressing of titanium that 1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria pulvis is watered the formulated phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria pulvis suspension of 450-550g (preferred 500g), 1ml titanium solution is watered 0.8-1.2kg (preferred 1kg) with butch clover one, butch clover separately adds the mud powder seed dressing of local soil retting.
Further, in step (6), on the described ridge and terraced wall also plant in herbage vetiver, paspalum notatum, daghestan sweet clover one or more, slave ladder wall bottom is separated by top 15-20cm kind a line herbage, forms plant hedge.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is as follows:
Furrow implantation methods thoroughly can eradicate the bad habit that straight plowing is done, and have ridge to have ditch, brachymemma length of grade, streaming potential weakens; There is ridge to have ditch, improve and protect water-holding capacity, thus, conserve water and soil effective; Effectively can prevent and treat southern granite red dry cropland to desertify, realize its efficiency utilization, Favorable Areas economic revival.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The titanium solution that following examples seed dressing uses is produced (trade name " safe precious ") by Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province Tai Fei factory; Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria pulvis joins generation thing scientific & technical corporation by Taiwan and produces (join purchased from Nanjing and thing scientific & technical corporation occurs).
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) in the low hummock hilly area of granite red, following 5 kinds of soils are selected to plant soil as furrow: convex slope, mountain top dry cropland, granite red soil dry cropland, gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland, woods fruit ground, stepped ramp type slope dry cropland; 5 kinds of land types are several main dry cropland types in southern granite red area, the basic light and heavy degree that can reflect the dry cropland desertification of current southern granite red district, the severe that belongs to convex slope, mountain top dry cropland with desertifying, granite red soil dry cropland belongs to moderate with desertifying, and gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland, woods fruit ground, stepped ramp type slope dry cropland belong to the ground that slightly desertifies;
(2) mountain top convex slope dry cropland implements " soil moved in improve the original method " sand control, moves upward slope location pressure to husky, build up plantation ridge, row spacing 0.4m, high 0.2m by the clay of descending location argillic horizon or external clay; Ridge, ditch distribute alternately, each 0.3m of ditch depth, furrow width; Vesicle site preparation and fertilization kind crop on ridge, plants paspalum notatum in ditch;
(3) granite red soil dry cropland implements " contour strip intercropping ", and namely crop, herbage such as are at the high-band plantation, and interval adopts " subsoiling method " intertillage, and namely a band adopts " subsoiling method " intertillage, and an adjacent band is not intertilled; The intertillage of crop band, is beneficial to Rainfall Infiltration, and herbage band, only in shallow intertillage in seedling stage, does not intertill into the layer that do not loosen the soil later, and rainwater does not ooze down and reduces clay flowing;
(4) gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland implements " the alternate plantation of furrow ", i.e. contour ridging, and ridge, ditch are alternate, and all plant crop, long-stalked crops are arranged in ditch, and short-stalked crop is arranged on ridge; The object of " the alternate plantation of furrow " is that it has 2 obvious advantages, and one is ridging ditching for a change along the bad habit of slope plantation, is beneficial to and cuts off runoff and interflow, reduce Clay Movement, slow down desertification process; Two is have ridge to have ditch, protects water-holding capacity and improves, and keeps more rainfalls here for plant growth;
(5) woods is really contour builds herbage band, and band band is at a distance of 1.0m, bandwidth 0.5m; Young garden intercropping crops;
(6) stepped ramp type slope dry cropland repaiies horizontal ladder soil, and the low bank of earth between fields is built, ridge height 0.2m in ladder outside, with terraced wall kind herbage " Bermuda grass " on the ridge; Ladder inner side is dug " ring ditch ", tread kind crops and medicinal material; The tread width of horizontal ladder soil is grasped flexibly according to the gradient and lay of the land, focuses on the contour of the terraced ridge and build plant hedge to protect on terraced wall, the terraced ridge.
In step (2), described clay is open grave mud.
In step (3), the next year crop rotation of described crop and grass.
In step (5), described herbage is paspalum notatum and butch clover, paspalum notatum and butch clover mixed seeding, before sowing, grass seed carries out presowing treatment: paspalum notatum 40 DEG C of water seed soaking 12h, airing, then the fertile solution mixed liquor seed dressing of titanium that 1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria pulvis is watered the formulated phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria pulvis suspension of 500g, 1ml titanium solution is watered 1kg is reinstated with butch clover one, butch clover separately adds the mud powder seed dressing of local soil retting, mud powder contains rhizobium, and leguminous forage (butch clover) is by mud powder Rhizobium Inoculation.
In step (6), on the described ridge and terraced wall except kind of " Bermuda grass " herbage, also plant and have vetiver, paspalum notatum and daghestan sweet clover, slave ladder wall bottom is separated by top 17 ± 2cm kind a line herbage, formation plant hedge.
The effect of furrow implantation methods is as follows:
(1) effect conserved water and soil.Furrow implantation methods has thoroughly eradicated the bad habit that straight plowing is done, and have ridge to have ditch, brachymemma length of grade, streaming potential weakens; There is ridge to have ditch, protect water-holding capacity and improve, thus, conserve water and soil effective.According to surveying and determination, with reference to table 2, secondary flow mode is 0.034-0.076m
3, reduce 77.3%-90.6% than before furrow plantation; Suspended sediment amount is 0.15-0.41g, reduces 84.3%-94.6% than before furrow plantation.
The stream that subtracts of table 2 furrow implantation methods subtracts husky effect
* run-off, Suspended, bed load sand are repeatedly secondary rainfall average in 2013; Reference point takes from 2008, before namely implementing furrow implantation methods.
(2) effect of particle composition is improved.Winter in 2013 each land type (furrow plants 3 years) selects representational place to dig the dark soil profile of a 50cm respectively, and point 5 layers of collection soil sample (every layer, sample 10cm), natural air drying carries out soil particle composition analysis.With reference to table 3, convex slope, mountain top dry cropland, granite red soil dry cropland, gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland, woods fruit ground, stepped ramp type slope dry cropland 5 land type 0-10cm soil layer clay contents are respectively 16.86%, 19.11%, 21.67%, 17.32%, 17.54%, 10-20cm soil layer is respectively 16.53%, 20.56%, 21.35%, 17.68%, 17.66%, average out to 16.7%, 19.84%, 21.51%, 17.5%, 17.6%; The table of comparisons 1 is more known, each great soil group 0-20cm soil layer clay content level is equivalent to nineteen ninety (convex slope, mountain top dry cropland) respectively above, nineteen ninety-five (granite red soil dry cropland), the clay content level of 2004, this is provable, desertification of land process through 5 years, 10 years, the soil desertification even caused for 20 years, implementing furrow implantation methods only needs to recover for 3 years.
The southern granite red dry cropland of table 3 implements the 0-50cm soil layer particle composition change after 3 years of furrow implantation methods
* hydrometer method measures.
Those skilled in the art can carry out various modifications and variations to the embodiment of the present invention, if these amendments and modification are within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then these revise and modification also within protection scope of the present invention.
The prior art that the content do not described in detail in specification is known to the skilled person.
Claims (5)
1. a furrow implantation methods for southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) in the low hummock hilly area of granite red, convex slope, mountain top dry cropland, granite red soil dry cropland, gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland, woods fruit ground or stepped ramp type slope dry cropland is selected to plant soil as furrow;
(2) mountain top convex slope dry cropland implements " soil moved in improve the original method " sand control, moves upward slope location pressure to husky, build up plantation ridge, row spacing 0.3-0.5m, high 0.1-0.3m by the clay of descending location argillic horizon or external clay; Ridge, ditch distribute alternately, each 02-0.4m of ditch depth, furrow width; Vesicle site preparation and fertilization kind crop on ridge, plants paspalum notatum in ditch;
(3) granite red soil dry cropland implements " contour strip intercropping ", and namely crop, herbage such as are at the high-band plantation, and interval adopts " subsoiling method " intertillage, and namely a band adopts " subsoiling method " intertillage, and an adjacent band is not intertilled;
(4) gentle slope, foot of the hill dry cropland implements " the alternate plantation of furrow ", i.e. contour ridging, and ridge, ditch are alternate, and all plant crop, long-stalked crops are arranged in ditch, and short-stalked crop is arranged on ridge;
(5) woods is really contour builds herbage band, and band band is at a distance of 0.8-1.2m, bandwidth 0.4-0.6m; Young garden intercropping crops;
(6) stepped ramp type slope dry cropland repaiies horizontal ladder soil, and the low bank of earth between fields is built, ridge height 0.1-0.3m in ladder outside, with terraced wall kind herbage " Bermuda grass " on the ridge; Ladder inner side is dug " ring ditch ", and tread kind crops are or/and medicinal material.
2. the furrow implantation methods of southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (2), described clay is open grave mud.
3. the furrow implantation methods of southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: in step (3), the next year crop rotation of described crop and grass.
4. the furrow implantation methods of the southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control as described in one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in step (5), described herbage is paspalum notatum and butch clover, described paspalum notatum and butch clover mixed seeding; Before sowing, grass seed carries out presowing treatment: paspalum notatum 35-45 DEG C of water seed soaking 8-14h, airing, then reinstate the fertile solution mixed liquor seed dressing of titanium that 1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria pulvis is watered the formulated phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria pulvis suspension of 450-550g, 1ml titanium solution is watered 0.8-1.2kg with butch clover one, butch clover separately adds the mud powder seed dressing of local soil retting.
5. the furrow implantation methods of the southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control as described in one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: in step (6), the described ridge is also planted one or more in herbage vetiver, paspalum notatum, daghestan sweet clover with terraced wall, slave ladder wall bottom is separated by top 15-20cm kind a line herbage, forms plant hedge.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105993480A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 谢庭生 | Layered utilization method for vertical side-by-side sloping fields of convex and concave slopes of purple-soil mountains and hills |
| CN105993475A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 谢庭生 | Planting method of combination of one high-rise plant row and two creeping plant rows in red soil hill linear steep slope terrace soil |
| CN108575166A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-09-28 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of sandy land soil body builds structure and its method |
| CN109601049A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of method of drought-hit area alkaline earth plantation salt tolerant forage grass |
| CN109831955A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-04 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of solid indigenous method and terraced fields ecological slope protection structure of terraced fields |
| CN111373896A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-07 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Method for constructing reasonable plough layer of red soil slope farmland |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105993475A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 谢庭生 | Planting method of combination of one high-rise plant row and two creeping plant rows in red soil hill linear steep slope terrace soil |
| CN105993480A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 谢庭生 | Layered utilization method for vertical side-by-side sloping fields of convex and concave slopes of purple-soil mountains and hills |
| CN108575166A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-09-28 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of sandy land soil body builds structure and its method |
| CN109601049A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of method of drought-hit area alkaline earth plantation salt tolerant forage grass |
| CN109831955A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-04 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of solid indigenous method and terraced fields ecological slope protection structure of terraced fields |
| CN111373896A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-07 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Method for constructing reasonable plough layer of red soil slope farmland |
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