CN106305275A - Cultivation method of oil-tea camellias - Google Patents
Cultivation method of oil-tea camellias Download PDFInfo
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- CN106305275A CN106305275A CN201610691324.3A CN201610691324A CN106305275A CN 106305275 A CN106305275 A CN 106305275A CN 201610691324 A CN201610691324 A CN 201610691324A CN 106305275 A CN106305275 A CN 106305275A
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- oil tea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of oil-tea camellias. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a forest land; (2) preparing the forest land: deeply plowing, digging holes at fixed points and applying fertilizer; (3) interplanting: selecting seedlings, planting the oil-tea camellias and interplanting bean crops; (4) carrying out forest management: covering grass to shade and keep moisture, applying the fertilizer, preventing and controlling pest and disease damage and protecting flowers and fruits. By adopting biogas manure, the utilization of resources is optimized, and the cultivation method is environment-friendly; formula fertilizer of manure and chemical fertilizer can be used for improving biological characteristics of soil, and a good micro-ecological environment needed by the growth of plants is provided; the anti-freezing and drought-resisting capabilities are also enhanced, the pest and disease damage is reduced and the yield and quality of the oil-tea camellias are improved. According to the cultivation method, an ecological cultivation mode is adopted, forest and agriculture intercropping is carried out, fostering is replaced by plowing and management is replaced by plowing; soil benefits are sufficiently expressed; a lot fostering and management funds can be saved and the economic income can also be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the cultural method of a kind of oil tea.
Background technology
Oil tea is south China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, is promoting knob economic development and ecological environment
The aspects such as protection have important function.China has camellia oleifera lam 3 at present,.67×106 hm2, but most of camellia oleifera lam yields poorly,
Poor quality, this seriously constrains the high-efficient development of camellia oleiferaindustry.Cause the reason of this phenomenon, in addition to camellia oleifera cultivar is mixed in,
Mainly managerial deficiency.Traditional economic fruit Forest field management pattern city, covers as Main Means cultivating, soil fertility master
Chemical fertilizer to be depended on, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is completely dependent on chemical pesticide.Long-term clear ploughing causes forest land land capacity degeneration, and bio-diversity is lost
Losing, fruit degradation, quality is severe.Therefore change traditional Soil Characters of Camellia oleifera Land management mode, walk land used and tie mutually with increasing soil fertility
The oil tea closed produces Sustainable Development Road, and this has become as the important directions of camellia oleiferaindustry development.
In recent years, biogas fermentation technology has become one of livestock and poultry farm effective technology processing excrement dirt.Along with big-and-middle-sized
The foundation of biogas engineering, biogas residue yield getting more and more, if can not get reasonably utilizing, not only wasting resource, also
Secondary environmental pollution can be caused.Anaerobic Fermentation Residues is in addition to the nutrient such as nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium, possibly together with lot of trace unit
The bioactive substances such as element, hydrolytic enzyme, aminoacid, organic acid, auxin, are the organic liquid fertilizers of a kind of high-quality.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the problem above that prior art exists, it is provided that the cultural method of a kind of oil tea, use ecology to plant
Training pattern, self-employed tree cultivator interplant, with cultivated generation comfort, with plough manage on behalf of another, give full play to land efficiency, both can save foster in a large number and manage and protect through
Take, can increase again income, and optimize the utilization of resource, environmentally friendly.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The cultural method of a kind of oil tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in forest land
Select Xylene Red soil or reddish yellow soil, uniform illumination, plant to draining gentle slope timely；
(2) arrangement in forest land
Plough deeply: employing machine is cultivated mode soil deeptillage and removes the miscellaneous stone weeds of upper soll layer；
Fixed point digs cave: mark off multiple oil tea growing area in the vertical direction on gentle slope, between two adjacent oil tea growing areas
Distance be 3.0m, each oil tea growing area excavates the horizontal ladder band for planting oil tea in the body of slope, at oil tea growing area
Between dig cave, the widest 50cm is square in cave, and the adjacent distance between two caves is 2.5m；
Fertilising: often spread manuer in holes and add natural pond fertilizer 0.75kg, compound fertilizer 0.25kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, then insert cave by the table soil of surrounding
In, then cover 15 ~ 20cm fine earth, cross and can plant for two months；
(3) plantation is planted between
Select Seedling: oil tea selects biennial bud stock grafting strong sprout, and height of seedling 40-60cm, base footpath 0.4-0.6cm, a kind Plant choosing is yellow
Bean and Semen arachidis hypogaeae；
The plantation of oil tea: a couple of days before plantation, first fills into turtleback shape planting plant hole, makes the base manure originally executed and table soil pad the end of at
Layer, when planting, according to oil tea shoot root system length, digs a vesicle, Seedling is put in cave, make Seedling just, root relax, backfill with surface fine earth
Compaction in layers, then cover 5-10cm and loosen the soil layer, and make Seedling pocket become shallow bowl type.The depth of planting should not be the most shallow, and grafting mouth to be made is less than
Furrow face 2-3cm, after plantation, furrow face hoe uniformly digs the fish-scale pit differed in size；
Fabaceous kind: the Second Year after oil tea is planted carries out catch cropping, leguminous plant is planted apart from oil tea tree stump 60cm,
Intersect between oil tea growing area and plant Semen Glycines and Semen arachidis hypogaeae；
(4) forest management
Lid grass shelters from heat or light moisturizing: oil tea Seedling to cover Caulis et Folium Oryzae or weeds 15 after planting around tree stump in the range of radius 40～50cm
～20cm is thick, hummock and ground, air port to press a small amount of earth, and July, early and middle ten days, then covered one layer of grass, combining after the Autumnal Equinox hoes up weeds cultivates multiple,
Lower for hoe weeds are covered on pocket limit, make seedling tide over dead Seedling for the last time in the first year smoothly and close an autumn drought, additionally between the legume planted,
On the same day after results, by peanut vine or pulse family bar, in time treelet pocket is built；
Fertilising: executing instant nitrogenousfertilizer and potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in late Febuary to early March, 0.05kg is executed in every strain, mid or late June executes multiple
Hefei, every strain executes 0.6kg, and it is fertile to execute above-mentioned natural pond mid-November to late December, and 0.4kg is executed in every strain；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, flower and fruit protecting: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, flower and fruit protecting method are the organic production technical regulation according to agricultural product
Perform.
Described natural pond fertilizer includes biogas slurry and biogas residue.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The fertile formula fertilizer with chemical fertilizer in the natural pond that the present invention uses, can improve the content of Nitrogen In Soils, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, increase
Microbial, the content of nitrogen, thus significantly improve the biological nature of soil, for the excellent micro-ecological environment needed for plant growing,
Also help its freeze proof, drought-resistant ability of enhancing, reduce pest and disease damage, improve yield and the quality of oil tea.
The natural pond fertilizer that the present invention uses optimizes the utilization of resource, and environmentally friendly.
The present invention plants leguminous plant between every layer of oil tea growing area, can conserve water and soil, prevent water and soil nutrient loss,
After legume results, by peanut vine or pulse family bar, in time treelet pocket is built, also function to prevent rainfall runoff, reduce
Moisture evaporates, and keeps the purpose of ground moistening.
The present invention uses ecological cultivation pattern, and self-employed tree cultivator interplants, and comforts with cultivated generation, manages on behalf of another to plough, gives full play to land efficiency, both
Can save and foster in a large number and manage and protect funds, income can be increased again.The present invention uses kind legume between young growth, can play solid
Nitrogen, the effect increase soil fertility, improve soil nutrient content, improve the structure of community of oil tea soil microorganism, increase each micro-
The Biomass of biological flora, beneficially Growth of Camellia oleifera are grown, thus reach to improve the purpose of tea-oil tree yield.
The oil tea planting type that the present invention uses can be effectively improved the survival rate of asexual oil tea plantation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is embodied as technical scheme to be described in further details.
Embodiment
The cultural method of a kind of oil tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in forest land
Select Xylene Red soil, uniform illumination, plant to draining gentle slope timely；
(2) arrangement in forest land
Plough deeply: employing machine is cultivated mode soil deeptillage and removes the miscellaneous stone weeds of upper soll layer；
Fixed point digs cave: mark off multiple oil tea growing area in the vertical direction on gentle slope, between two adjacent oil tea growing areas
Distance be 3.0m, each oil tea growing area excavates the horizontal ladder band for planting oil tea in the body of slope, at oil tea growing area
Between dig cave, the widest 50cm is square in cave, and the adjacent distance between two caves is 2.5m；
Fertilising: often spread manuer in holes and add natural pond fertilizer 0.75kg, compound fertilizer 0.25kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, then insert cave by the table soil of surrounding
In, then cover 15 ~ 20cm fine earth, cross and can plant for two months, cave can water-retention fertilizer, the table soil content of organic matter is higher, loose, adds
The oil tea root fertilizer that becomes is strong, and beneficially seedlings root growth extension, improves survival rate；
(3) plantation is planted between
Select Seedling: oil tea selects biennial bud stock grafting strong sprout, height of seedling 40-60cm, base footpath 0.4-0.6cm, just plants, survival rate
Height, long root is fast, rudiment early, kind Plant choosing Semen Glycines and Semen arachidis hypogaeae；
The plantation of oil tea: a couple of days before plantation, first fills into turtleback shape planting plant hole, makes the base manure originally executed and table soil pad the end of at
Layer, when planting, according to oil tea shoot root system length, digs a vesicle, Seedling is put in cave, make Seedling just, root relax, backfill with surface fine earth
Compaction in layers, then cover 5-10cm and loosen the soil layer, and make Seedling pocket become shallow bowl type.The depth of planting should not be the most shallow, and grafting mouth to be made is less than
Furrow face 2-3cm, this low level is planted, is not only improved raising survival rate, can suppress again to sprout this under grafting mouth and sprout, after plantation
Furrow face hoe uniformly digs the fish-scale pit differed in size, runoff when this is to reduce rainy, plays water-retention, soil conservation fertilizer conservation
Effect；
Fabaceous kind: the Second Year after oil tea is planted carries out catch cropping, leguminous plant is planted apart from oil tea tree stump 60cm,
Between oil tea growing area, intersect plantation Semen Glycines and Semen arachidis hypogaeae, between young growth, plant legume, fixed nitrogen can be played, increase soil fertility
Effect, improves soil nutrient content, improves the structure of community of oil tea soil microorganism, increase the Biomass of each microorganism species,
Be conducive to Growth of Camellia oleifera to grow, thus reach to improve the purpose of tea-oil tree yield；
(4) forest management
Lid grass shelters from heat or light moisturizing: oil tea Seedling to cover Caulis et Folium Oryzae or weeds 15 after planting around tree stump in the range of radius 40～50cm
～20cm is thick, hummock and ground, air port to press a small amount of earth, prevent lid grass to be blown away, and July, early and middle ten days, then covered one layer of grass, anti-
Stopping rainfall runoff, reduce moisture evaporation, keep ground moistening, make oil tea Seedling safe production in summer, combining after the Autumnal Equinox hoes up weeds cultivates again, hoe
Lower weeds are covered on pocket limit, make seedling tide over dead Seedling for the last time in the first year smoothly and close an autumn drought, additionally between the legume planted, results
On the rear same day, by peanut vine or pulse family bar, in time treelet pocket is built, it is possible to play the effect reducing moisture evaporation；
Fertilising: executing instant nitrogenousfertilizer and potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in late Febuary to early March, 0.05kg is executed in every strain, mid or late June executes multiple
Hefei, every strain executes 0.6kg, and it is fertile to execute above-mentioned natural pond mid-November to late December, and 0.4kg is executed in every strain；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, flower and fruit protecting: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, flower and fruit protecting method are the organic production technical regulation according to agricultural product
Perform.
Described natural pond fertilizer includes biogas slurry and biogas residue.
Material composition, preparation method and the technical characterstic of the present invention have more than been shown and described.The technical staff of the industry
It should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, described in above-described embodiment and description, the present invention is simply described
Principle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, these change and
Improvement both falls within scope of the claimed invention.Claimed scope is by appending claims and equivalence thereof
Thing defines.
Claims (2)
1. the cultural method of an oil tea, it is characterised in that the cultural method of described oil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in forest land
Select Xylene Red soil or reddish yellow soil, uniform illumination, plant to draining gentle slope timely；
(2) arrangement in forest land
Plough deeply: employing machine is cultivated mode soil deeptillage and removes the miscellaneous stone weeds of upper soll layer；
Fixed point digs cave: mark off multiple oil tea growing area in the vertical direction on gentle slope, between two adjacent oil tea growing areas
Distance be 3.0m, each oil tea growing area excavates the horizontal ladder band for planting oil tea in the body of slope, at oil tea growing area
Between dig cave, the widest 50cm is square in cave, and the adjacent distance between two caves is 2.5m；
Fertilising: often spread manuer in holes and add natural pond fertilizer 0.75kg, compound fertilizer 0.25kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 0.5kg, then insert cave by the table soil of surrounding
In, then cover 15 ~ 20cm fine earth, cross and can plant for two months；
(3) plantation is planted between
Select Seedling: oil tea selects biennial bud stock grafting strong sprout, and height of seedling 40-60cm, base footpath 0.4-0.6cm, a kind Plant choosing is yellow
Bean and Semen arachidis hypogaeae；
The plantation of oil tea: a couple of days before plantation, first fills into turtleback shape planting plant hole, makes the base manure originally executed and table soil pad the end of at
Layer, when planting, according to oil tea shoot root system length, digs a vesicle, Seedling is put in cave, make Seedling just, root relax, backfill with surface fine earth
Compaction in layers, then cover 5-10cm and loosen the soil layer, and make Seedling pocket become shallow bowl type.The depth of planting should not be the most shallow, and grafting mouth to be made is less than
Furrow face 2-3cm, after plantation, furrow face hoe uniformly digs the fish-scale pit differed in size；
Fabaceous kind: the Second Year after oil tea is planted carries out catch cropping, leguminous plant is planted apart from oil tea tree stump 60cm,
Intersect between oil tea growing area and plant Semen Glycines and Semen arachidis hypogaeae；
(4) forest management
Lid grass shelters from heat or light moisturizing: oil tea Seedling to cover Caulis et Folium Oryzae or weeds 15 after planting around tree stump in the range of radius 40～50cm
～20cm is thick, hummock and ground, air port to press a small amount of earth, and July, early and middle ten days, then covered one layer of grass, combining after the Autumnal Equinox hoes up weeds cultivates multiple,
Lower for hoe weeds are covered on pocket limit, make seedling tide over dead Seedling for the last time in the first year smoothly and close an autumn drought, additionally between the legume planted,
On the same day after results, by peanut vine or pulse family bar, in time treelet pocket is built；
Fertilising: executing instant nitrogenousfertilizer and potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in late Febuary to early March, 0.05kg is executed in every strain, mid or late June executes multiple
Hefei, every strain executes 0.6kg, and it is fertile to execute above-mentioned natural pond mid-November to late December, and 0.4kg is executed in every strain；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, flower and fruit protecting: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, flower and fruit protecting method are the organic production technical regulation according to agricultural product
Perform.
The implantation methods of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described natural pond fertilizer includes biogas slurry and natural pond
Slag.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610691324.3A CN106305275A (en) | 2016-08-21 | 2016-08-21 | Cultivation method of oil-tea camellias |
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| CN201610691324.3A CN106305275A (en) | 2016-08-21 | 2016-08-21 | Cultivation method of oil-tea camellias |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107173007A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-19 | 攸县科种油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of oil tea young growth interplants the cultural method of mountain rice |
| CN107200617A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-26 | 安徽绿巨人生态农业有限公司 | A kind of Huoshan inorganic turn of organic implantation methods of yellow bud |
| CN107535274A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-05 | 太湖县纯野生态茶油有限责任公司 | High yield oil tea implantation methods |
| CN107853056A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-30 | 深圳市娅安科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield high-quality tealeaves |
| CN110959452A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 周智峰 | Planting method of clone camellia oleifera grafted seedlings |
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| CN103960041A (en) * | 2014-06-01 | 2014-08-06 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Artificial large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting and cave expansion associated method in mountainous area |
| CN104350999A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 袁昌选 | Culture method for tea-tar camellia young forest with early fruiting and rich yield |
| CN104620819A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-05-20 | 湖南玉之蓝农业科技开发有限公司 | High-yield and high-quality planting technology for oil-tea forest |
| CN104770195A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-15 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Method for increasing survival rate of bud-stock grafted oil tea seedlings and promoting growth of oil tea |
| CN105075785A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Two-stage cultivation method for oil camellia container seedlings |
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2016
- 2016-08-21 CN CN201610691324.3A patent/CN106305275A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103960041A (en) * | 2014-06-01 | 2014-08-06 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Artificial large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting and cave expansion associated method in mountainous area |
| CN104350999A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 袁昌选 | Culture method for tea-tar camellia young forest with early fruiting and rich yield |
| CN104620819A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-05-20 | 湖南玉之蓝农业科技开发有限公司 | High-yield and high-quality planting technology for oil-tea forest |
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| CN105075785A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Two-stage cultivation method for oil camellia container seedlings |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107173007A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-19 | 攸县科种油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of oil tea young growth interplants the cultural method of mountain rice |
| CN107200617A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-26 | 安徽绿巨人生态农业有限公司 | A kind of Huoshan inorganic turn of organic implantation methods of yellow bud |
| CN107535274A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-05 | 太湖县纯野生态茶油有限责任公司 | High yield oil tea implantation methods |
| CN107853056A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-30 | 深圳市娅安科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield high-quality tealeaves |
| CN110959452A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 周智峰 | Planting method of clone camellia oleifera grafted seedlings |
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