CN106973679A - A kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated - Google Patents
A kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated Download PDFInfo
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- CN106973679A CN106973679A CN201710235793.9A CN201710235793A CN106973679A CN 106973679 A CN106973679 A CN 106973679A CN 201710235793 A CN201710235793 A CN 201710235793A CN 106973679 A CN106973679 A CN 106973679A
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the method that rotation cropping technical field, particularly a kind of wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated.Wheat, rape, interplanting corn are carried out in big Tanaka, chemical synthesis fertilizer application amount can be greatly reduced by making compost link by rapeseed cultivation, change northern Dry Land of Loess Plateau growing area, ripe not enough, the ripe present situation having a surplus of long-term cropping two, soil profile can be improved for nitrogen ability by making compost link, increase available phosphorus and effective content of iron and manganese, invertase, urase, alkaline phosphatase and proteinase activity also have different degrees of raising；Compared with continuous cropping, growing after wheat green manure crop carries out crop rotation and is remarkably improved diversity of soil microorganism, influences the stability of Agro-ecological System, accelerates soil carbon cycle and phosphorus activation, increases Content of available nutrient in soils；Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen rate is reduced simultaneously, is conducive to the stabilization of soil nitrogen and is accumulated the amount of application that chemical fertilizer is reduced so as to level of increasing soil fertility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that rotation cropping technical field, particularly a kind of wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated.
Background technology
Crop rotation refers to shifting cultivation Different Crop or multiple cropping combination between year sequentially between season in same field
Planting patterns, be a kind of biology measure combined the use of land with the nurturing of land.Be conducive to it is balanced using soil nutrient and it is anti-cure the disease,
Worm, crop smothering；The physicochemical character of soil can effectively be improved, soil fertility is adjusted.With " environmental protection plantation, the green advocated in recent years
The organic farm products plantation theory of food " matches, but existing crop rotation technology is which simply open crop is appropriate for wheel
Make, because Regional Distribution, soil nutrient, warm and humid unequal a variety of situations can influence the implementation of crop rotation scheme, and then influence crop
Growth, it is very difficult in crop field popularizing planting.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides the wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System breeding method that a kind of growing way is uniform, strong adaptability, science are environmentally friendly.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, 12 ~ 18cm of line-spacing, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot is compacted after returning to the field；
C, corn planting
In late April, the 2nd, to seeding corn mid-May, is sowed, depth of planting 3-4cm, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 4.0- after suppression of ploughing
7.5 ten thousand plants.
Plot, and the laying plastic on plot are compacted in the step B after returning to the field, ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.
A kind of farm tools presses plot after returning to the field in the step B.
Ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm in the step B.
Temperature on average sows wheat in mid or late March, the 1st at 0-2 DEG C round the clock in the step A, and table soil thaws 5-7 centimetres
When sowing in ice crust.
The ground temperature of 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil is sowed at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C in the step C, snow change 20-25 in April days
Sowing, two snow change sowings on 25-May of April 1, three snow changes were sowed-5 days on the 1st May.
Growth of rape 50-60 days, crushes rape aerial part during height of seedling 30-50cm in the step B, crushes rape complete
Portion, which is turned over, buries.
Plot, sprinkling water-soaked plot topsoil, and the laying plastic on plot are compacted in the step B after returning to the field,
Ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.
Wheat, big 18 centimetres of row, 12~13 centimetres of small row are sowed using size row in the step A.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, three kinds of crop interplanting health production keys of the present invention are that spring wheat sowing date for early sowing is the key measure of volume increase, are conducive to
Full stand, strong sprout, lay the first stone, tiller is good for high yield, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high；Breeding time extends, yield increase, sowing date for early sowing, maturity period
In advance, later stage high temperature, the Effect of Natural Disaster such as hot dry wind and hail, while the harm of aphid and thrips is also lighter can be mitigated.1st
Temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock for year mid or late March, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when sowing in ice crust.Pass through temperature and table
The soil situation of thawing judges implantation time, is easy to grasp implantation time, can be in crop field popularizing planting.
2nd, because spring wheat tillering is few, individual is smaller, takes dense planting more to obtain high yield.It is general equal using 15 centimetres of line-spacing
Even plantation is advisable, and lifting ventilation, fertilising, crop bottom lighting efficiency can be planted using size line mode, big 18 centimetres of row, small row
12~13 centimetres, the cm of seed level 4.Big Tanaka is general to ensure Basic Seedling 35~400,000 plant/acre, the total stem number 75 of highest~
800000/mu；In the case of mature spike number 38~420,000 fringes/mu, normal year yield can reach 400~500 kilograms, and application rate is needed
At 20~25 kilograms or so, soil fertility difference or soil moisture content difference can suitably increase the amount of broadcasting.
3rd, growing after wheat rape seedling need not thinning and final singling, can suitably impose foliar fertilizer depending on growing state, promote growth.
Control multiple cropping rape growth period, it is early plant it is early receive, most areas harvesting turn over it is previous as will not occur pest and disease damage problem.It is suitable
When harvest.Multiple cropping rape is used as the plot of green manure returning to the field in growth 50-60 days or so, and machine can be utilized during height of seedling 30-50cm or so
Rape overground part is crushed and buried preferably to turn over by tool equipment, using rotary tillage machine that rapeseed plants are whole after crushing on the ground
Turn over and bury, ploughed depth a kind of farm tools after 15-20cm, returning to the field is real, is easy to effective decomposition of rapeseed plants.Turned over by green manure rape
Returning to the field and retting organic fertilizer fertilizing soil realize field rotation system.
4th, the 2nd year spring site preparation and fertilization and based on corn planting.The ground temperature of 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil enters at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C
Row sowing, the corn planting time is judged by topsoil temperature, and snow change 20-25 in April days is sowed, two 25 days -5 April of snow change
The sowing of the moon 1, three snow changes were sowed -5 days on the 1st May.Under regular situation, resistance to close kind per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 5.5-6.5.
Thin planting kind, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 4.0-5.0.The penetrating cultivation of dense planting, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 6.5-7.5.October is beautiful then
Rice maturation harvests corn in season in time.
In addition, making compost quality and field planting efficiency to be lifted, plot is compacted after rape chopping and returning, water-soaked is sprayed
Plot topsoil, and the laying plastic on plot, ground film edge are compacted with soil zone.Top layer water extraction is poured by laying plastic and increasing
Height makes compost temperature and quality, and green manure decomposes more thorough, and simultaneously film edge ensures to make compost ambient stable in film with soil zone compacting,
Prevent moisture loss and make compost middle large area insect pest occur, increase ground film thickness and select 0.006-0.008mm, it is ensured that be easy to the later stage
Laying is reclaimed and repeats to utilize.
Embodiment
A kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, and temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Sowing, 12 ~ 18cm of line-spacing, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot is compacted after returning to the field；
C, corn planting
In late April, the 2nd to seeding corn mid-May, the ground temperature of 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil is sowed at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C, and one
Snow change sowing in 20-25 in April days, two snow change sowings on 25-May of April 1, three snow changes were sowed-5 days on the 1st May, were ploughed
Sowed after suppression, depth of planting 3-4cm, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 4.0-7.5.
A kind of farm tools presses plot, and the laying plastic on plot after returning to the field in the step B, and ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.Mulch film
Thickness 0.006-0.008mm.Growth of rape 50-60 days, crushes rape aerial part during height of seedling 30-50cm, crushes rape complete
Portion, which is turned over, buries.Plot, sprinkling water-soaked plot topsoil are compacted in further step B after returning to the field, and is laid on plot
Mulch film, ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.
Wheat, big row can be sowed using size row in lifting ventilation, fertilising, step A described in the lighting efficiency of crop bottom
18 centimetres, 12~13 centimetres of small row.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, and temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Sowing, is uniformly planted, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate using line-spacing 15cm；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot is compacted after returning to the field；
C, corn planting
In late April, the 2nd to seeding corn mid-May, the ground temperature of 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil is sowed at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C, turned over
Sowed after ground suppression, depth of planting 3-4cm, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 4.0-7.5.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, and temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Wheat, big 18 lis of row can be sowed using size row in sowing, lifting ventilation, fertilising, step A described in the lighting efficiency of crop bottom
Rice, 12~13 centimetres of small row, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to bury, ploughed depth 15-20cm, a kind of farm tools pressure plot after returning to the field, and the laying plastic on plot, ground
Film edge is compacted with soil zone, ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm；
C, corn planting
In late April, the 2nd to seeding corn mid-May, the ground temperature of 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil is sowed at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C, and one
Snow change sowing in 20-25 in April days, two snow change sowings on 25-May of April 1, three snow changes were sowed-5 days on the 1st May, were ploughed
Sowed after suppression, depth of planting 3-4cm, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 4.0-7.5.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, and temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Sowing, is uniformly planted, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate using line-spacing 15cm；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot, sprinkling water-soaked plot topsoil are compacted after returning to the field
Earth, and the laying plastic on plot, ground film edge are compacted with soil zone, ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm；
C, corn planting
In late April, the 2nd to seeding corn mid-May, the ground temperature of 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil is sowed at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C, and one
Snow change sowing in 20-25 in April days, two snow change sowings on 25-May of April 1, three snow changes were sowed-5 days on the 1st May, were ploughed
Sowed after suppression, depth of planting 3-4cm, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 4.0-7.5.
Experiment all the year round is carried out in Hexi Region of Gansu and shows that the technical scheme described in embodiment can be carried out in big Tanaka
Interplanting, chemical synthesis fertilizer application amount can be greatly reduced by making compost link by rapeseed cultivation, change northern loess plateau drought
Ground growing area, ripe not enough, the ripe present situation having a surplus of long-term cropping two, soil profile can be improved for nitrogen ability, increase by making compost link
Available phosphorus and effective content of iron and manganese, invertase, urase, alkaline phosphatase and proteinase activity also have different degrees of raising；With
Continuous cropping is compared, and growing after wheat green manure crop carries out crop rotation and is remarkably improved diversity of soil microorganism, influences Agro-ecological System
Stability, accelerate soil carbon cycle and phosphorus activation, increase Content of available nutrient in soils；Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen rate is reduced simultaneously,
Be conducive to the stabilization of soil nitrogen and accumulate the amount of application that chemical fertilizer is reduced so as to level of increasing soil fertility.Green manure is as increasing soil fertility
Crop, particularly leguminous green manure can play good nitrogen fixation.Green manure is acted on by root system can be by deep subsoil time
Nutrient Activation and conversion, can dramatically increase the nutrient and moisture in soil ecosystem, coordinate water, the air and heat of soil
Between relation, increase the input of high-quality organic fertilizer, improve soil texture and microorganism character, improve soil quality.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method that wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, 12 ~ 18cm of line-spacing, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot is compacted after returning to the field；
C, corn planting
In late April, the 2nd, to seeding corn mid-May, is sowed, depth of planting 3-4cm, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 4.0- after suppression of ploughing
7.5 ten thousand plants.
2. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 1, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step B
Plot, and the laying plastic on plot are compacted after middle returning to the field, ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.
3. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 2, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step B
A kind of farm tools presses plot after middle returning to the field.
4. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 3, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step B
Middle ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm.
5. a kind of method that the wheat, rape, Corn Rotation System according to any one of Claims 1-4 are cultivated, it is characterised in that
In the step A in mid or late March, the 1st round the clock temperature on average 0-2 DEG C sow wheat, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top icepro broadcast
Kind.
6. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 5, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step C
The ground temperature of middle 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil is sowed at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C, snow change 20-25 in April days sowing, two snow change April
Sowing on 25 days-May 1, three snow changes were sowed -5 days on the 1st May.
7. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 6, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step B
Middle growth of rape 50-60 days, crushes rape aerial part during height of seedling 30-50cm, and crushing rape, which is all turned over, to bury.
8. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 2, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step B
Plot, sprinkling water-soaked plot topsoil, and the laying plastic on plot, ground film edge soil zone pressure are compacted after middle returning to the field
It is real.
9. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 1, rape, Corn Rotation System are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step A
Middle use size row sows wheat, big 18 centimetres of row, 12~13 centimetres of small row.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107593300A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 刘万顺 | The one high-yield planting method for cultivating peanut interplanting, crop rotation |
| CN108419632A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-21 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | The method of milpa crop rotation green manure crop |
| CN108990726A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-14 | 贺州迅凯农作物病虫害防治专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of rape |
| CN110050650A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-07-26 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | The alternating method of corn no-tillage kind rape |
| CN110063228A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-07-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | A method of crop in cruciferae is used as wheat field green manure |
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| CN110050650A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-07-26 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | The alternating method of corn no-tillage kind rape |
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