CN106961981A - A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated - Google Patents
A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated Download PDFInfo
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- CN106961981A CN106961981A CN201710235867.9A CN201710235867A CN106961981A CN 106961981 A CN106961981 A CN 106961981A CN 201710235867 A CN201710235867 A CN 201710235867A CN 106961981 A CN106961981 A CN 106961981A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The present invention relates to rotation cropping technical field, the method that particularly a kind of wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated.Wheat, rape, potato interplanting are carried out in big Tanaka, chemical synthesis fertilizer application amount can be greatly reduced by making compost link by rapeseed cultivation, change northern Dry Land of Loess Plateau growing area, ripe not enough, the ripe present situation having a surplus of long-term cropping two, soil profile can be improved for nitrogen ability by making compost link, increase available phosphorus and effective content of iron and manganese, invertase, urase, alkaline phosphatase and proteinase activity also have different degrees of raising；Compared with continuous cropping, growing after wheat green manure crop carries out crop rotation and is remarkably improved diversity of soil microorganism, influences the stability of Agro-ecological System, accelerates soil carbon cycle and phosphorus activation, increases Content of available nutrient in soils；Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen rate is reduced simultaneously, is conducive to the stabilization of soil nitrogen and is accumulated the amount of application that chemical fertilizer is reduced so as to level of increasing soil fertility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotation cropping technical field, the method that particularly a kind of wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated.
Background technology
Crop rotation refers to shifting cultivation Different Crop or multiple cropping combination between year sequentially between season in same field
Planting patterns, be a kind of biology measure combined the use of land with the nurturing of land.Be conducive to it is balanced using soil nutrient and it is anti-cure the disease,
Worm, crop smothering；The physicochemical character of soil can effectively be improved, soil fertility is adjusted.With " environmental protection plantation, the green advocated in recent years
The organic farm products plantation theory of food " matches, but existing crop rotation technology is which simply open crop is appropriate for wheel
Make, because Regional Distribution, soil nutrient, warm and humid unequal a variety of situations can influence the implementation of crop rotation scheme, and then influence crop
Growth, it is very difficult in crop field popularizing planting.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of uniform growing way, the wheat of strong adaptability, science environmental protection, rape, potato crop rotation cultivation side
Method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, 12 ~ 18cm of line-spacing, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot is compacted after returning to the field；
C, potato planting
In mid or late April, the 2nd sows potato, opens furrow and is collected separately and macerates fertile soil, 50-60 centimetres of trench digging of row spacing, ditch depth 10
Centimetre, 10-15 kilograms of urea, 20-30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, plant ash 150-200 thousand are applied in basal dressing in ditch, every mu of ground of base manure
Gram or 10-15 kilograms of potassium chloride, then 2000-3500 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer；Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
Middle nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 2:1:4, base manure top inserts part and macerates fertile soil, macerates sowing potato sprout tuber on fertile soil,
Spacing in the rows is to insert residue on 20-25 centimetres, potato sprout tuber to macerate fertile soil, continues earthing to 6-10 centimetres.
Plot, and the laying plastic on plot are compacted in the step B after returning to the field, ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.
A kind of farm tools presses plot after returning to the field in the step B.
Ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm in the step B.
Temperature on average sows wheat in mid or late March, the 1st at 0-2 DEG C round the clock in the step A, and table soil thaws 5-7 centimetres
When sowing in ice crust.
Growth of rape 50-60 days, crushes rape aerial part during height of seedling 30-50cm in the step B, crushes rape complete
Portion, which is turned over, buries.
Plot, sprinkling water-soaked plot topsoil, and the laying plastic on plot are compacted in the step B after returning to the field,
Ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.
Wheat, big 18 centimetres of row, 12~13 centimetres of small row are sowed using size row in the step A.
The step C potatos sprout tuber is more than 50 grams, and potato sprout tuber is dressed seed using plant ash, and every 50 kilograms of potato wedges use 2
Kilogram plant ash.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, three kinds of crop interplanting health production keys of the present invention are that spring wheat sowing date for early sowing is the key measure of volume increase, are conducive to
Full stand, strong sprout, lay the first stone, tiller is good for high yield, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high；Breeding time extends, yield increase, sowing date for early sowing, maturity period
In advance, later stage high temperature, the Effect of Natural Disaster such as hot dry wind and hail, while the harm of aphid and thrips is also lighter can be mitigated.1st
Temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock for year mid or late March, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when sowing in ice crust.Pass through temperature and table
The soil situation of thawing judges implantation time, is easy to grasp implantation time, can be in crop field popularizing planting.
2nd, because spring wheat tillering is few, individual is smaller, takes dense planting more to obtain high yield.It is general equal using 15 centimetres of line-spacing
Even plantation is advisable, and lifting ventilation, fertilising, crop bottom lighting efficiency can be planted using size line mode, big 18 centimetres of row, small row
12~13 centimetres, the cm of seed level 4.Big Tanaka is general to ensure Basic Seedling 35~400,000 plant/acre, the total stem number 75 of highest~
800000/mu；In the case of mature spike number 38~420,000 fringes/mu, normal year yield can reach 400~500 kilograms, and application rate is needed
At 20~25 kilograms or so, soil fertility difference or soil moisture content difference can suitably increase the amount of broadcasting.
3rd, growing after wheat rape seedling need not thinning and final singling, can suitably impose foliar fertilizer depending on growing state, promote growth.
Control multiple cropping rape growth period, it is early plant it is early receive, most areas harvesting turn over it is previous as will not occur pest and disease damage problem.It is suitable
When harvest.Multiple cropping rape is used as the plot of green manure returning to the field in growth 50-60 days or so, and machine can be utilized during height of seedling 30-50cm or so
Rape overground part is crushed and buried preferably to turn over by tool equipment, using rotary tillage machine that rapeseed plants are whole after crushing on the ground
Turn over and bury, ploughed depth a kind of farm tools after 15-20cm, returning to the field is real, is easy to effective decomposition of rapeseed plants.Turned over by green manure rape
Returning to the field and retting organic fertilizer fertilizing soil realize field rotation system.
4th, the 2nd year spring site preparation and fertilization and based on potato planting.The ground temperature of 5-10 centimetres of underground topsoil is at 7 DEG C -8 DEG C
Sowed, the potato planting time is judged by topsoil temperature, snow change 20-25 in April days sowing, two snow change April 25
Sowing on day-May 1, three snow changes were sowed -5 days on the 1st May.Under regular situation, resistance to close kind per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 5.5-6.5 ten thousand
Strain.Thin planting kind, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 4.0-5.0.The penetrating cultivation of dense planting, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 6.5-7.5.October then
Potato maturation harvests potato in season in time.
5th, in mid or late April, the 2nd sowing potato, opens furrow and is collected separately and macerate fertile soil, 50-60 centimetres of trench digging of row spacing,
Apply 10-15 kilograms of urea, 20-30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, plant ash in 10 centimetres of ditch depth, basal dressing in ditch, every mu of ground of base manure
150-200 kilograms or 10-15 kilograms of potassium chloride, then 2000-3500 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer；Potassium sulfate
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 2 in type composite fertilizer:1:4, base manure top inserts part and macerates fertile soil, macerates and Ma Ling is sowed on fertile soil
Potato sprout tuber, spacing in the rows is to insert residue on 20-25 centimetres, potato sprout tuber to macerate fertile soil, continues earthing to 6-10 centimetres.Using base
Fertilizer macerates fertile soil in upper cropping pattern under, reduces the use of chemical fertilizer, is added into soil, makes compost by several times while macerating fertile soil
Potato sprout tuber is wrapped up above and below soil, potato sprout tuber avoids directly connecing with plant by making compost soil absorption base manure Fertilizer nutrient
Touch, reduce the fertilizer residue amount of potato finished product.The step C potatos sprout tuber is more than 50 grams, and potato sprout tuber uses vegetation
Ash seed dressing, every 50 kilograms of potato wedges have prophylaxis effect again with 2 kilograms of plant ash, existing seed manure effect.Lift the disease-resistant energy of potato
Power.
In addition, making compost quality and field planting efficiency to be lifted, plot is compacted after rape chopping and returning, water-soaked is sprayed
Plot topsoil, and the laying plastic on plot, ground film edge are compacted with soil zone.Top layer water extraction is poured by laying plastic and increasing
Height makes compost temperature and quality, and green manure decomposes more thorough, and simultaneously film edge ensures to make compost ambient stable in film with soil zone compacting,
Prevent moisture loss and make compost middle large area insect pest occur, increase ground film thickness and select 0.006-0.008mm, it is ensured that be easy to the later stage
Laying is reclaimed and repeats to utilize.
Embodiment
A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, 12 ~ 18cm of line-spacing, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to bury, ploughed depth 15-20cm, a kind of farm tools pressure plot after returning to the field, and the laying plastic on plot, ground
Film edge is compacted with soil zone.
C, potato planting
In mid or late April, the 2nd sows potato, opens furrow and is collected separately and macerates fertile soil, 50-60 centimetres of trench digging of row spacing, ditch depth 10
Centimetre, 10-15 kilograms of urea, 20-30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, plant ash 150-200 thousand are applied in basal dressing in ditch, every mu of ground of base manure
Gram or 10-15 kilograms of potassium chloride, then 2000-3500 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer；Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
Middle nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 2:1:4, base manure top inserts part and macerates fertile soil, macerates sowing potato sprout tuber on fertile soil,
Spacing in the rows is to insert residue on 20-25 centimetres, potato sprout tuber to macerate fertile soil, continues earthing to 6-10 centimetres.
Ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm in the step B.In mid or late March, the 1st average air round the clock in the step A
Temperature 0-2 DEG C sow wheat, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when sowing in ice crust.Growth of rape 50-60 days, height of seedling in the step B
Rape aerial part is crushed during 30-50cm, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to bury.Plot is compacted after returning to the field in the step B, is sprayed
Plot topsoil, and the laying plastic on plot are soaked in watering, and ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.Using big in the step A
Small row sows wheat, big 18 centimetres of row, 12~13 centimetres of small row.
The step C potatos sprout tuber is more than 50 grams, and potato sprout tuber is dressed seed using plant ash, and every 50 kilograms of potato wedges use 2
Kilogram plant ash.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, and temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Sowing, is uniformly planted, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate using line-spacing 15cm；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot is compacted after returning to the field；
C, potato planting
In mid or late April, the 2nd sows potato, opens furrow and is collected separately and macerates fertile soil, 50 centimetres of trench diggings of row spacing, 10 lis of ditch depth
Apply 10 kilograms of urea, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 150 kilograms of plant ash or potassium chloride 10 in basal dressing in rice, ditch, every mu of ground of base manure
Kilogram, then 2000 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers；Nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 2 in potassium sulfate compound fertilizer:1:4, base manure top is filled out
Enter part and macerate fertile soil, macerate sowing potato sprout tuber on fertile soil, spacing in the rows is to insert residue on 20-25 centimetres, potato sprout tuber
Fertile soil is macerated, continues earthing to 6-10 centimetres.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, and temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Wheat, big 18 lis of row can be sowed using size row in sowing, lifting ventilation, fertilising, step A described in the lighting efficiency of crop bottom
Rice, 12~13 centimetres of small row, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to bury, ploughed depth 15-20cm, a kind of farm tools pressure plot after returning to the field, and the laying plastic on plot, ground
Film edge is compacted with soil zone, ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm；
C, potato planting
In mid or late April, the 2nd sows potato, opens furrow and is collected separately and macerates fertile soil, 60 centimetres of trench diggings of row spacing, 10 lis of ditch depth
12 kilograms of urea, 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 12 kilograms of potassium chloride are applied in basal dressing in rice, ditch, every mu of ground of base manure, and potassium sulfate type is multiple
3000 kilograms of Hefei；Nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 2 in potassium sulfate compound fertilizer:1:4, base manure top inserts part and macerates loam
Earth, macerates sowing potato sprout tuber on fertile soil, and spacing in the rows is to insert residue on 20-25 centimetres, potato sprout tuber to macerate fertile soil, is continued
Earthing is to 6-10 centimetres.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, comprises the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, and temperature on average sows wheat at 0-2 DEG C round the clock, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Sowing, is uniformly planted, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate using line-spacing 15cm；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot, sprinkling water-soaked plot topsoil are compacted after returning to the field
Earth, and the laying plastic on plot, ground film edge are compacted with soil zone, ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm；
C, potato planting
In mid or late April, the 2nd sows potato, opens furrow and is collected separately and macerates fertile soil, 50 centimetres of trench diggings of row spacing, 10 lis of ditch depth
15 kilograms of urea, 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 200 kilograms of plant ash are applied in basal dressing in rice, ditch, every mu of ground of base manure, then administration has
3500 kilograms of machine fertilizer；Base manure top inserts part and macerates fertile soil, macerates sowing potato sprout tuber on fertile soil, and spacing in the rows is 20-25 lis
Residue is inserted on rice, potato sprout tuber and macerates fertile soil, continues earthing to 6-10 centimetres；Potato sprout tuber is more than 50 grams, potato
Sprout tuber is dressed seed using plant ash, and every 50 kilograms of potato wedges are with 2 kilograms of plant ash.
Experiment all the year round is carried out in Hexi Region of Gansu and shows that the technical scheme described in embodiment can be carried out in big Tanaka
Interplanting, chemical synthesis fertilizer application amount can be greatly reduced by making compost link by rapeseed cultivation, change northern loess plateau drought
Ground growing area, ripe not enough, the ripe present situation having a surplus of long-term cropping two, soil profile can be improved for nitrogen ability, increase by making compost link
Available phosphorus and effective content of iron and manganese, invertase, urase, alkaline phosphatase and proteinase activity also have different degrees of raising；With
Continuous cropping is compared, and growing after wheat green manure crop carries out crop rotation and is remarkably improved diversity of soil microorganism, influences Agro-ecological System
Stability, accelerate soil carbon cycle and phosphorus activation, increase Content of available nutrient in soils；Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen rate is reduced simultaneously,
Be conducive to the stabilization of soil nitrogen and accumulate the amount of application that chemical fertilizer is reduced so as to level of increasing soil fertility.Green manure is as increasing soil fertility
Crop, particularly leguminous green manure can play good nitrogen fixation.Green manure is acted on by root system can be by deep subsoil time
Nutrient Activation and conversion, can dramatically increase the nutrient and moisture in soil ecosystem, coordinate water, the air and heat of soil
Between relation, increase the input of high-quality organic fertilizer, improve soil texture and microorganism character, improve soil quality.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, wheat planting
In mid or late March, the 1st sows wheat, 12 ~ 18cm of line-spacing, 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 20-25 kgs/acre of application rate；
B, rapeseed cultivation
Rape seed, 1-1.5 kgs/acre of application rate, by rape aerial part powder during height of seedling 30-50cm are carried out after small wheat harvesting
Broken, crushing rape, which is all turned over, to be buried, ploughed depth 15-20cm, and plot is compacted after returning to the field；
C, potato planting
In mid or late April, the 2nd sows potato, opens furrow and is collected separately and macerates fertile soil, 50-60 centimetres of trench digging of row spacing, ditch depth 10
Centimetre, 10-15 kilograms of urea, 20-30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, plant ash 150-200 thousand are applied in basal dressing in ditch, every mu of ground of base manure
Gram or 10-15 kilograms of potassium chloride, then 2000-3500 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer；Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
Middle nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 2:1:4, base manure top inserts part and macerates fertile soil, macerates sowing potato sprout tuber on fertile soil,
Spacing in the rows is to insert residue on 20-25 centimetres, potato sprout tuber to macerate fertile soil, continues earthing to 6-10 centimetres.
2. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 1, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step
Plot, and the laying plastic on plot are compacted after returning to the field in rapid B, ground film edge is compacted with soil zone.
3. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 2, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step
A kind of farm tools pressure plot after returning to the field in rapid B.
4. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 3, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step
Ground film thickness 0.006-0.008mm in rapid B.
5. a kind of method that the wheat, rape, potato crop rotation according to any one of Claims 1-4 are cultivated, its feature exists
In the step A in mid or late March, the 1st round the clock temperature on average 0-2 DEG C sow wheat, table soil thaw 5-7 centimetres when top insult
Sowing.
6. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 5, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step
Growth of rape 50-60 days, crushes rape aerial part during height of seedling 30-50cm in rapid B, and crushing rape, which is all turned over, to bury.
7. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 2, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step
Plot, sprinkling water-soaked plot topsoil, and the laying plastic on plot, ground film edge soil zone are compacted in rapid B after returning to the field
Compacting.
8. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 1, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step
Wheat, big 18 centimetres of row, 12~13 centimetres of small row are sowed using size row in rapid A.
9. the method that a kind of wheat according to claim 1, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid C potatos sprout tuber is more than 50 grams, and potato sprout tuber is dressed seed using plant ash, and every 50 kilograms of potato wedges are with 2 kilograms of plant ash.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107593300A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 刘万顺 | The one high-yield planting method for cultivating peanut interplanting, crop rotation |
| CN108432571A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-08-24 | 云南农业大学 | A method of preventing the harm of wheatland Phalaris grass by crop rotation solanaceous crops |
| CN108496716A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-07 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of green manure rape-ternip-potato wheel/interplanting method |
| CN108934256A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-12-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of arable farming method improveing soil |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107593300A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 刘万顺 | The one high-yield planting method for cultivating peanut interplanting, crop rotation |
| CN108432571A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-08-24 | 云南农业大学 | A method of preventing the harm of wheatland Phalaris grass by crop rotation solanaceous crops |
| CN108496716A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-07 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of green manure rape-ternip-potato wheel/interplanting method |
| CN108496716B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-04-07 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Green manure rape-white radish-potato rotation/interplanting method |
| CN108934256A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-12-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of arable farming method improveing soil |
| CN108934256B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2023-09-01 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Crop cultivation method for improving soil |
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