CN103797926A - Straw returned to field multiple-cropping method applicable to rice field-upland field rotation - Google Patents
Straw returned to field multiple-cropping method applicable to rice field-upland field rotation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a straw returned to field multiple-cropping method applicable to rice field-upland field rotation. The straw returned to field multiple-cropping method comprises the following steps of harvesting ripe rice through a harvester, smashing straws and laying the straws in the field flatly to dry and decay the straws; not performing plough before winter crop seeding, applying fertilizers, pulling the straws open, and seeding; after seeding, performing furrowing, earthing, fertilizer covering and seed covering through a front-loading furrowing and soil-throwing machine; opening ditches to perform water irrigation, keeping the waterflooding depth of 15cm-20cm, and draining water after waterflooding for 3-5 hours; performing final singling after seedlings of winter crops emerge, and reserving seedling space to be 1cm-30cm; harvesting ripe winter crops, smashing the straws, performing plough to returning the straws to the field, and irrigating to transplant rice seedlings after plough. By means of the straw returned to field multiple-cropping method, the straws are returned to the field in situ, labor intensity is not increased, air pollution caused by straw burning is avoided, seedling emergence quality of the winter crops is improved, and early seedling emergence and high yield of the winter crops are facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to multiple cropping winter crops after a kind of straw incorporation, belongs to agricultural production.
Background technology
The winter crops such as paddy rice and rape, wheat more than a year season plantation is the important crop-planting system of China, is mainly distributed in the Yangtze river basin, approximately 13,000,000 hectares of cultivated areas.The mode of this rice field-upland field rotation, can improve the air capacity of soils of soil, increase edaphon quantity and activity thereof, prevent and treat disease weeds, improve Second Year rice yield, be national food security-critical safeguard.Rice field-upland field rotation multiple cropping method in the Yangtze river basin is at present: harvesting in autumn (autumn harvest) paddy, and corrugate dry field, changes paddy field to do dry land, burning straw, multiple cropping winter crops behind the whole field of rotary tillage; Harvesting in summer (summer harvest) winter crops, after burning straw, the whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.
Burning straw not only causes the wasting of resources, and causes air pollution.Thereby country forbids straw burning, advocates straw-returning.But under rice field-upland field rotation multiple cropping conditions, rice straw also field difficulty is very large.Existing straw mulching and returning mode is that straw bundle is gone out outside field, after the whole field sowing of rotary tillage winter crops, again straw is covered to earth's surface.This mulching and returning mode has advantages of that soil moisture conservation presses down grass and fosters and apply fertilizer, is conducive to succession crop growth; But it is too many to need to drop into work, can not popularize.Another straw incorporation mode is, when harvesting paddy rice, straw mechanical disintegration become to 10-30 cm segment, and the rotary tillage also Tian Houzai that buries raises winter crops.This straw chopping and returning mode is easy and simple to handle laborsaving; But change in drought (dry field) process at water, straw is dried, and toughness is very strong, be easily wound around machinery, affect the whole field of rotovator quality, be unfavorable for that winter crops emerges; The also field because dry rice straw does not bury through becoming thoroughly decomposed, affects crop root growth simultaneously, and rear stubble easily hangs dies with rage seedling, is not also peasant's approval.These two kinds of straw incorporation modes are all to talk about stratagems on paper, and lack operability, cause the straw burning of the district of Yangtze river basin rice field-upland field rotation for many years to remain incessant after repeated prohibition.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide in a kind of rice field-upland field rotation the method for multiple cropping winter crops after straw incorporation, reach and effectively avoid the straw that burns, improvement soil, culture fertility, reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, controls crop smothering and occurs, and improves the object of crop yield.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose like this:
1., gather in paddy rice with crop combine harvester after paddy rice maturation, rice straw is crushed to 3-5cm by harvesting limit, limit, and tiling field keeps stalk cladding thickness 3-5 cm, stays below rice stubble height 30 cm of field, and a heatable brick bed shine 3-10 days;
2., do not plough whole soil before winter crops sowing, with 40-50 kilogram/every even field of spreading fertilizer over the fields per mu, push base fertilizer composite fertilizer aside straw with rake, push aside after straw, by winter crops drilling on the null earth's surface of pushing straw aside;
3., winter crops after planting, with the fertile lid kind of front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid, furrow width is 18-25cm, ditch depth is 18-25cm, the rear railway carriage or compartment forming of trench digging is wide is 120-210cm, and winter crops is 2-30cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel, and wherein wheat is 2-3 cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel; Rape, potato are 8-15 cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel; Brassicaceous vegetable is 20-28cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel;
4., pour water after trench digging, keep flooding depth 15-20 cm, draining after waterflooding 3-5 hour;
5., winter crops emerge after final singling, retain seedling spacing 1-30cm;
6., after winter crops maturation, results, the crushed stalk also field of turning over, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, the rice transplanting of pouring water all day.
Paddy rice maturation is afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, and harvesting limit, limit is by rice straw cutting and grinding to 3-5cm, and tiling field, keeps stalk cladding thickness 3-5cm, and rice stubble stays below field height 30 cm; Rice field a heatable brick bed shine after 3-10 days base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields to field, pushs straw aside with rake; Described rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4 cm, the distance 20-30cm of tooth and between cog; Push aside after straw, do not ploughing whole soil in the situation that, by winter crops drilling on the null earth's surface of pushing straw aside; After planting with the fertile lid kind of front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid, furrow width is 18-25cm, and ditch depth is 18-25cm, and the rear railway carriage or compartment forming of trench digging is wide is 120-210cm, winter crops is 2-30cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel, and wherein wheat is 2-3 cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel; Rape, potato are 8-15cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel; Brassicaceous vegetable is 20-28cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel; After trench digging, pour water, furrow irrigation, flooding depth 15-20cm, draining after waterflooding 3-5 hour; Final singling after emerging, it is 8-12cm that rape stays seedling spacing in the rows, and it is 23-28cm that brassicaceous vegetable stays seedling spacing in the rows, and wheat, potato spacing in the rows are 2-3 cm.Rape wheat maturation in summer, with crop combine harvester harvesting, stalk is pulverized simultaneously, the whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.Brassicaceous vegetable, potato winter-spring season are manually gathered in the crops, the stalk also field of turning over, after becoming thoroughly decomposed summer rice cultivation.
When the technical program adopts paddy machinery results, straw is pulverized, gone back on the spot field mode, do not increase the amount of labour, realize the whole mulching and returnings of straw; The air pollution that can avoid burning straw to cause; Can improve soil, culture fertility, minimizing applying quantity of chemical fertilizer; Can effectively control crop smothering and occur, reduce the consumption of chemical herbicide; Winter crops is used and does not plough bar broadcast mode simultaneously, can save mechanical work expense, improves the quality of emerging, and is conducive to winter crops and early sends out high yield.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: multiple cropping rape or brassicaceous vegetable after straw incorporation
1, straw processing (mechanical disintegration is field also) when paddy rice harvesting.Paddy rice maturation is afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, and harvesting limit, limit becomes rice straw cutting and grinding the segment of 3-5 cm, covers field, keeps staying the rice stubble height in field to be less than 30cm.
2, do not plough the artificial essence amount drilling rape in whole soil or brassicaceous vegetable.Method is: rice field a heatable brick bed shine 5-7 days, when ditching machine can be gone to the field operation, base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields to field; Push straw aside with wood rake, wood rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4 cm, tooth is consistent with distance 20-30cm(and the rice stubble line-spacing of between cog); Push aside after straw, then with seeder by rape or brassicaceous vegetable drilling on the null earth's surface of pushing straw aside.
Described artificial essence amount bar broadcasting method is: at 1 aperture of empty cola bottle cap centre drill, bore dia 1-2 millimeter, can allow seed freely pass through; Coke bottle is fixed on two bamboo poles with little iron wire, the distance 23cm between bottle, fixes 4 or 6 bottles.The centre of two bamboo poles is vertically bound the 3rd bamboo pole again, so that hand-held; When sowing, seed is filled with in bottle inlet, cover porose bottle cap, be inverted, while walking, shake bamboo pole, evenly falls seed.
3, after planting process.After planting; with front positioning type ditching soil thrower (as the 1K-20 type of the 1KSQ-25A type of Yangzhou Bao Hai Machinery Co., Ltd. production, the production of agricultural machinery popularization station, Zhongxiang City) the fertile lid of trench digging earthing lid seed; keep furrow width 18cm; ditch depth 18cm; the rear railway carriage or compartment forming of trench digging is wide is 200cm; wherein the line-spacing of rape on railway carriage or compartment is 13-15 cm, and the line-spacing of brassicaceous vegetable on railway carriage or compartment is 25-28cm.
4, after trench digging, pour water.Furrow irrigation, flooding depth 18 cm, waterflooding is draining after 3 hours.
5, emerge after final singling, density of reserved seedlings rape spacing in the rows 10 cm, brassicaceous vegetable 25cm.
6, rape maturation in summer, with crop combine harvester harvesting, stalk is pulverized simultaneously, the whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.Brassicaceous vegetable winter-spring season is manually gathered in the crops, the stalk also field of turning over, after becoming thoroughly decomposed summer rice cultivation.
Embodiment 2: multiple cropping wheat after straw incorporation
1, straw processing (mechanical disintegration is field also) when paddy rice harvesting.Paddy rice maturation is afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, and harvesting limit, limit becomes rice straw cutting and grinding the segment of 3-5 cm, covers field, keeps staying the rice stubble height in field to be less than 30cm.
2, do not plough whole soil drilling wheat.Method is: rice field a heatable brick bed shine 5-7 days, when ditching machine can be gone to the field operation, base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields to field; Push straw aside with wood rake, wood rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4 cm, tooth is consistent with distance 20-30cm(and the rice stubble line-spacing of between cog); Push aside after straw, by artificial wheat drilling on the null earth's surface of pushing straw aside, 10 kilograms every mu of seeding quantitys.
3, after planting process.After planting, use the fertile lid of front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid seed, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 15-20cm, the rear railway carriage or compartment forming of trench digging is wide is 150cm, the line-spacing of wheat on railway carriage or compartment is 2-3 cm.
4, after trench digging, pour water.Furrow irrigation, flooding depth 18 cm, waterflooding is draining after 3 hours.
5, wheat emerge after not thinning, keep when sowing density.
6, wheat maturation in summer, with crop combine harvester harvesting, stalk is pulverized simultaneously, the whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.
Embodiment 3: multiple cropping potato after straw incorporation
1, straw processing (mechanical disintegration is field also) when paddy rice harvesting.Paddy rice maturation is afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, and harvesting limit, limit becomes rice straw cutting and grinding the segment of 3-5 cm, covers field, keeps staying the rice stubble height in field to be less than 30cm.
2, do not plough whole soil drilling potato.Method is: rice field a heatable brick bed shine 5-7 days, when ditching machine can be gone to the field operation, base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields to field; Push straw aside with wood rake, wood rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4 cm, tooth is consistent with distance 20-30cm(and the rice stubble line-spacing of between cog); Push aside after straw, seed potato is placed on the null earth's surface of pushing straw aside, spacing in the rows 10 cm, then cover potato seed with straw around.
3, after planting process.After planting, with front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid fertilizer, furrow width 24cm, ditch depth 24cm, the rear railway carriage or compartment forming of trench digging is wide is 180cm, the line-spacing of potato on railway carriage or compartment is 8-10 cm.
4, after trench digging, pour water.Furrow irrigation, flooding depth 18 cm, waterflooding is draining after 3 hours.
5, potato emerge after not thinning, keep when sowing density.
6, potato maturation artificial results afterwards, the stalk also field of turning over, after becoming thoroughly decomposed summer rice cultivation.
Claims (5)
1. a method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in rice field-upland field rotation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1., gather in paddy rice after paddy rice maturation, rice straw is crushed to 3-5cm by harvesting limit, limit, and tiling field keeps stalk cladding thickness 3-5 cm, stays below rice stubble height 30 cm of field, and a heatable brick bed shine 3-10 days;
2., do not plough whole soil before winter crops sowing, with 40-50 kilogram/every even field of spreading fertilizer over the fields per mu, push base fertilizer aside straw with rake, by winter crops drilling on the null earth's surface of pushing straw aside;
3., winter crops after planting, with the fertile lid kind of front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid, furrow width is 18-25cm, ditch depth is 18-25cm, the railway carriage or compartment that forms after trench digging is wide is 120-210cm, winter crops is 2-30cm at the line-spacing of railway carriage or compartment upper seeding wheel;
4., pour water after trench digging, keep flooding depth 15-20 cm, draining after waterflooding 3-5 hour;
5., winter crops emerge after final singling, retain seedling spacing 1-30cm;
6., after winter crops maturation, results, the crushed stalk also field of turning over, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, the rice transplanting of pouring water of whole field.
2. the method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in rice field-upland field rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rake of step described in is 2. 4-6 tooth, and the facewidth is 2-4 cm, and the distance of tooth and between cog is 20-30cm.
3. the method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in rice field-upland field rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2., 3., 5., the multiple cropping winter crops described in is 6. the one in rape, wheat, potato or brassicaceous vegetable.
4. the method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in rice field-upland field rotation according to claim 3, is characterized in that: step 3. in, the line-spacing of wheat is 2-3 cm; The line-spacing of rape, potato is 8-15 cm; The line-spacing of brassicaceous vegetable is 20-28cm.
5. the method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in rice field-upland field rotation according to claim 3, is characterized in that: step 5. in, it is 8-12 cm that rape stays seedling spacing in the rows; It is 23-28 cm that brassicaceous vegetable stays seedling spacing in the rows; Wheat, potato spacing in the rows are 2-3 cm.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN103999686A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-08-27 | 华南农业大学 | Method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in winter vacant paddy field in winter |
| CN104855101A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-26 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Straw turnover and wheat following rice planting method |
| CN105210618A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-06 | 天长市丰仓机械种植专业合作社 | A kind of paddy rice stays the no-tillage bar broadcasting method of high stubble wheat |
| CN105580630A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-18 | 李和平 | Rape-grape double-cropping planting method in northern part of Shaanxi Province |
| CN106665223A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for paddy-upland rotation rice and vegetable planting |
| CN106961981A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated |
| CN107125209A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-05 | 上海市农业科学院 | The technical method that a kind of rice field Shanghai earthworm live body ecologic breeding is lifted with soil fertility |
| CN110915342A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling weeds in extirpated land and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction |
| CN112586296A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-02 | 华中农业大学 | Method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice-oil rotation area late rice field |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103999686A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-08-27 | 华南农业大学 | Method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in winter vacant paddy field in winter |
| CN104855101A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-26 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Straw turnover and wheat following rice planting method |
| CN105210618B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-09-11 | 天长市丰仓机械种植专业合作社 | A kind of rice stays no-tillage broadcasting method of high stubble wheat |
| CN105210618A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-06 | 天长市丰仓机械种植专业合作社 | A kind of paddy rice stays the no-tillage bar broadcasting method of high stubble wheat |
| CN105580630A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-18 | 李和平 | Rape-grape double-cropping planting method in northern part of Shaanxi Province |
| CN106665223A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for paddy-upland rotation rice and vegetable planting |
| CN106961981A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated |
| CN107125209A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-05 | 上海市农业科学院 | The technical method that a kind of rice field Shanghai earthworm live body ecologic breeding is lifted with soil fertility |
| CN107125209B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2021-03-12 | 上海市农业科学院 | Technical method for living ecological breeding and land fertility improvement of Shanghai earthworm in rice field |
| CN110915342A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling weeds in extirpated land and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction |
| CN110915342B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2022-06-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling weeds in return farmland and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction |
| CN112586296A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-02 | 华中农业大学 | Method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice-oil rotation area late rice field |
| CN112586296B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-02-25 | 华中农业大学 | Method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice-oil rotation area late rice field |
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