CN101019489A - Schisandra cultivating process - Google Patents
Schisandra cultivating process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101019489A CN101019489A CN 200710010676 CN200710010676A CN101019489A CN 101019489 A CN101019489 A CN 101019489A CN 200710010676 CN200710010676 CN 200710010676 CN 200710010676 A CN200710010676 A CN 200710010676A CN 101019489 A CN101019489 A CN 101019489A
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Abstract
The schisandra cultivating process includes the following steps: seed selecting; treating seed through laminating and forcing germination; seeding; raising seedling; transplanting; and field management. The process can obtain schisandra fruit with high quality and high yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of artificial cultivation Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS.
Background technology
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, the another name fructus schisandrae, wooden Teng Mu falls to distinguishing the flavor of for Magnoliaceae is perennial.Main product Jilin, Liaoning, Heilungkiang San Sheng.And the product person of Liaoning institute is the best in quality, have the title of Chinese, is used as medicine with ripening fruits.Wild Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS mainly breeds by creeping underground stem except that seminal propagation, in artificial cultivation, and cuttage, press strip.Though also can take root, develop into plant, the difficulty of taking root, requirement condition be difficult for to be grasped during processing, and all not as seminal propagation, the artificial cultivation Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS does not still have a kind of desirable artificial cultivation at present, causes that the Schisandra fruit granule of producing is little, meat approaches, poor quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of schisandra cultivating process, so that cultivate how high-quality Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS.
The technical scheme that adopts is:
Schisandra cultivating process of the present invention is characterized in that comprising following process:
A, seed selection:
The seed of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is given birth to ear selection between harvest time 8 the end of month to mid-September, select and remain that fruit grain is big, the fruit ear of uniformity is made kind of a usefulness, rubs with the hands and removes pericarp, and pulp floats and removes flat grain, after drying or drying in the shade, puts aeration-drying place storage;
B, seed treatment
(a) lamination
Soak seed 2-4 days with clear water November, change water every day one time, then in seed and sand volumes than 1: the ratio of 2-3 is mixed seed and is mixed thoroughly in the woven bag of packing into clean river sand, the hole of putting into the outdoor dark 0.4-0.6m that chooses in advance keeps flat, or do not pack the seed that directly will mix and put in the sand of lamination ditch 0.08-0.12mm, upper cover sand 0.15-0.3m, the lamination ditch selects eminence not have ponding, temperature keeps 0-5 ℃, sand humidity is the 30-60% of general saturation capacity, 80-90 days lamination time;
(b) vernalization
Insert kind of first half of the month seed that lamination is good and put under the indoor 10-20 ℃ condition 10-15 days, plant skin fried mouth 30%-50%, the breach rate can inserted kind more than 60%;
C, grow seedlings
The grow seedlings selection in field: select fertile humus soil or sandy loam of living, also can select old ginseng for use, make bed according to the different soils condition, low-lying easy waterlogging, high bed can be made in the plot that rainwater is many, height of bed 10-20 centimetre, bedside 1-1.5 rice, bed soil will be harrowed thin and removal of contamination, and every square metre revolves decomposed dung 5-10 kilogram, stir with bed soil, hug the level bed face and can insert kind;
D, sowing
Sowing time is selected in late April to mid-June, adopts drilling, on whole good hollow face, presses line-spacing 0.1-0.2m, laterally ditch, ditch depth 0.01m-0.04m has stepped on bottom sieve frame, evenly is sowed at seed in the ditch, the careful pressure of earthing 0.01m-0.04m, water permeable, every square metre of 0.008kg-0.01kg of seeding quantity;
E, seedling management:
(a) remove covering
When reaching 50-80%, emergence rate removes covering;
(b) take shade net
Removing the obducent while, take shade net;
(c) thinning final singling
Seedling removes shade net when growing 1-2 sheet true leaf, stays seedling simultaneously, goes close stand, crosses seedling, ill seedling, spacing 0.02m-0.03m;
(d) intertill and clean tillage
The seedbed in time weeds a garden, and in time waters, and will loosen the soil after watering, and keeps the seedling field clean;
(e) topdress
In late June, every square metre chases after diammonium phosphate 0.015kg-0.02kg, throats the root side after the final singling, evenly fertilizer is executed the back earthing, in time waters after topdressing;
(f) water
The weather arid should in time be watered, and notes loosening the soil soil moisture conservation after watering evenly, irrigating, water;
F, transplanting
(a) choosing ground
The selection quality is loose, permeability is good, draining is good, middle fertility is above sandy loam, black earth, river silt soil, but soil layer is deep and water waters the good plot of condition, and the little sour neutral soil of pH value 6.5-7.5 forbids to select for use waterlogged lowland, geavy salt ground;
(b) site preparation and fertilization
Plough after choosing the plot, plough deeply 0.25-0.3m, leveling rake is thin, ridging then, and row spacing 0.5-0.7m picks up clean foreign material, then fertilising; Fertilizing amount is a per hectare basal dressing 20-30 ton;
(c) lifting
The lifting time is selected in 10 months autumns, the last ten-days period or mid-April in spring, adopts machinery or artificial lifting;
(d) select seedling
Select that branch is sturdy, well developed root system, no damage by disease and insect, undamaged I and II seedling carry out field planting;
(e) the transplanting phase
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS transplant spring, autumn all can, with autumn for well, the spring plants can be in 4 months, carry out the last ten-days period, the autumn plant can fall leaves in back 10 months in Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, carry out the last ten-days period, finish before freezing;
(f) transplanting method
Press line-spacing 1.2-1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.4-0.6 cave plants, and dark wide each 0.2-0.4m in cave plants the 890-1100 strain for every mu;
G, field management
(a) irrigation fertilization
Behind the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS transplanting survival, often keep ground moistening, topdress 1-2 every year, for the first time at Zhan Yeqian, after blooming, executes farmyard manure 3kg-4.5kg for general every square metre for the second time;
Specification requirement: when transplanting, must fully supply water, increase soil moisture, reach maxmun field capacity 55-75%; Need extensin period water less, but can not be too arid, if maxmun field capacity is lower than at 50% o'clock and should waters, pouring water once reaches maxmun field capacity 45-65%; The prosperous long-term soil water fills and should keep water-holding capacity 55-75%, irritates and is advisable for three times; To keep soil maximum water-holding capacity 70-80% flowering stage; The back maintenance soil maximum water-holding capacity of blooming reaches 65-75%; The fruit expanding period water yield suitably reduces, and keeps water capacity 55-75% to get final product;
(b) beta pruning
The beta pruning time is selected in autumn or winter, and every strain stays 1-2 climing;
(c) built
Make column with concrete column or angle steel, high 2.5-2.6m buries underground 0.5-0.6m, spacing 5-6m, draw two horizontal lines with No. 8 iron wires or reinforcing bar top between two root posts, every upright bamboo bar in the climing place of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS master, high 2.5-3m, diameter 0.015-0.02m, be fixed on the horizontal line with tying up rope, draw climing putting on the shelf by dextrorotation then, begin to tie up, put on the shelf naturally later with plastic ties.
Characteristics such as the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of adopting the present invention to produce not only has the fruit grain greatly, and is full, that meat is thick, quality is good also can improve the output of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS simultaneously greatly.
Embodiment
Schisandra cultivating process of the present invention comprises following process:
1, seed selection:
The seed of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is selected in and gives birth to ear selection mid-September, and standard is more than the spike length 0.08m, and the above bearing-age tree of the heavy 0.0065kg of average particle is elected kind of a tree surely as, and the fruit of gathering is rubbed with the hands and removed pericarp, and pulp floats and removes flat grain.
2, seed treatment
(1) lamination
Soak seed 3 days with clear water November, change water every day one time, seed is mixed with clean river sand with the ratio of sand volumes in seed then and mix thoroughly in the woven bag of packing into than 1: 3, the hole of putting into the outdoor dark 0.5m that chooses in advance keeps flat, upper cover sand 0.2m, lamination ditch select eminence not have ponding, and temperature keeps 1-4 ℃, sand humidity is 50% of general saturation capacity, 80 days lamination time;
(2) vernalization
Insert kind of first half of the month the seed that lamination is good to put into room temperature be 16 ℃ indoor 12 days, treat that kind of skin fried mouth about 40%, breach rate insert kind when 80% left and right sides.
2, grow seedlings
The grow seedlings selection in field: select fertile humus soil of living to make bed, 0.1 centimetre of the height of bed, 1.2 meters of bedsides are executed 8 kilograms of decomposed dungs for every square metre, stir with bed soil, hug the level bed face.
3, sowing
Sowing time is selected in April 20 to May 10, on whole good hollow face, presses line-spacing 0.15m, laterally ditch, ditch 0.03m has stepped on bottom sieve frame, seed evenly is sowed in the ditch, and the careful pressure of earthing 0.03m is in order to keep ground moistening, cover one deck straw screen or mat, water permeable, every square of 0.009kg of seeding quantity, in order to prevent damping off, damping off and other soil infection venereal disease evil are carried out hollow face detoxicating, and 5kg water adds the two mould prestige of 1 bag of seedling bacterium enemy and 1 bag of 0.01kg and mixes spray wine 3m
2Hollow face.
4, seedling management:
(1) removes covering
When reaching 60-70%, emergence rate removes covering.
(2) take shade net
Removing the obducent while, take shade net.
(3) thinning final singling
Remove shade net when height of seedling reaches 0.05m-0.06m, seedling stays seedling when growing 1-2 sheet true leaf, goes close stand, crosses seedling, ill seedling, spacing 0.02m-0.03m.
(4) intertill and clean tillage
The seedbed in time weeds a garden, and in time waters, and will loosen the soil after watering, and keeps the seedling field clean.
(5) topdress
In late June, every square metre chases after diammonium phosphate 0.02kg, throats the root side after the final singling, evenly fertilizer is executed the back earthing, in time waters after topdressing.
(6) water
The weather arid should in time be watered, and notes loosening the soil soil moisture conservation after watering evenly, irrigating, water.
5, transplant
(1) choosing ground
Selection river silt soil, pH value 6.5 little sour neutral soils.
(2) site preparation and fertilization
Plough after choosing the plot, plough deeply 0.3m, leveling rake is thin, ridging then, and row spacing 0.6m picks up clean foreign material, then fertilising.Fertilizing amount is 25 tons of per hectare basal dressings.
(3) lifting
The lifting time is selected in mid-October in autumn, adopts mechanical lifting.
(4) select seedling
Select that branch is sturdy, well developed root system, no damage by disease and insect, not damaged, the I and II seedling carries out field planting.
(5) the transplanting phase
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is transplanted to be selected in and finishes before freezing autumn;
(6) transplanting method
Press line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5 cave plants, dark wide each 0.3m in cave, every mu of 900-1000 strain, transplanting method is that nursery stock vertically is placed on the cave central authorities of having dug, root system to around pave, behind the earth backing nursery stock is upwards carried gently, root system is unfolded with soil combines closely, repave native having peace of mind and water permeablely, treat that water infiltration back envelope buries soil, nursery stock exposes 0.02-0.03m, in case soil is dry and cracked, the ventilative root of hindering.
6, field management
(1) irrigation fertilization
Behind the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS transplanting survival, often keep ground moistening, annual saturating fertile 2 times, at Zhan Yeqian, after blooming, execute farmyard manure 4kg for every square metre for the second time for the first time, topdressing method is to open 220 centimetres of dark annular grooves around 40 centimetres of distance roots, applies earthing behind the fertilizer, and pours water.
It is foundation that irrigation each needs the water characteristics with Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS breeding time: seedling stage, the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS strain was little, and water requirement is few, kept ground moistening; Stretch the root phase: cauline leaf begins to increase, and water requirement begins to increase; Prosperous long-term: dry matter begins accumulation, and root system increases rapidly, executes the water yield and begins to increase; Flowering stage: mainly be to promote the growth of growing up fast of root system cauline leaf, this in period the water requirement maximum.Fruit expanding period: begin the result after Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS blooms, also need a certain amount of water, promote fruit to grow as early as possible.
Specification requirement: water seedling stage in right amount, must fully supply water when transplanting, and increases soil moisture, reaches maxmun field capacity 65-70%; Need extensin period water less, but can not be too arid, if maxmun field capacity is lower than at 50% o'clock and should waters, pouring water once reaches maxmun field capacity 50-60%; The prosperous long-term soil water should keep water-holding capacity 60-70%; Irritate and be advisable for three times; Will keep soil maximum water-holding capacity 75% flowering stage, and the back of blooming keeps the soil maximum water-holding capacity to reach 70%; The fruit expanding period water yield suitably reduces, and keeps water capacity 60-70% to get final product.
(2) beta pruning
The beta pruning time is selected in autumn or winter, and it is 2 climing that every strain is stayed.
(3) built
Make column with concrete column, high 2.6m buries underground 0.5m, spacing 5m, draw two horizontal lines with No. 8 iron wire tops between two root posts, every upright bamboo bar in the climing place of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS master, high 3m, diameter 0.02m, be fixed on the horizontal line with tying up rope, draw climing putting on the shelf by dextrorotation then, begin to tie up, put on the shelf naturally later with plastic ties.
Claims (1)
1, schisandra cultivating process is characterized in that comprising following process:
A, seed selection:
The seed of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is given birth to ear selection between harvest time 8 the end of month to mid-September, select and remain that fruit grain is big, the fruit ear of uniformity is made kind of a usefulness, rubs with the hands and removes pericarp, and pulp floats and removes flat grain, after drying or drying in the shade, puts aeration-drying place storage;
B, seed treatment
(a) lamination
Soak seed 2-4 days with clear water November, change water every day one time, then in seed and sand volumes than 1: the ratio of 2-3 is mixed seed and is mixed thoroughly in the woven bag of packing into clean river sand, the hole of putting into the outdoor dark 0.4-0.6m that chooses in advance keeps flat, or do not pack the seed that directly will mix and put in the sand of lamination ditch 0.08-0.12mm, upper cover sand 0.15-0.3m, the lamination ditch selects eminence not have ponding, temperature keeps 0-5 ℃, sand humidity is the 30-60% of general saturation capacity, 80-90 days lamination time;
(b) vernalization
Insert kind of first half of the month seed that lamination is good and put under the indoor 10-20 ℃ condition 10-15 days, plant skin fried mouth 30%-50%, the breach rate can inserted kind more than 60%;
C, grow seedlings
The grow seedlings selection in field: select fertile humus soil or sandy loam of living, also can select old ginseng for use, make bed according to the different soils condition, low-lying easy waterlogging, high bed can be made in the plot that rainwater is many, height of bed 10-20 centimetre, bedside 1-1.5 rice, bed soil will be harrowed thin and removal of contamination, and every square metre revolves decomposed dung 5-10 kilogram, stir with bed soil, hug the level bed face and can insert kind;
D, sowing
Sowing time late April to mid-June, adopt drilling, on whole good hollow face, press line-spacing 0.1-0.2m, laterally ditch, ditch depth 0.01m-0.04m has stepped on bottom sieve frame, evenly is sowed at seed in the ditch, the careful pressure of earthing 0.01m-0.04m, water permeable, every square metre of 0.008kg-0.01kg of seeding quantity;
E, seedling management:
(a) remove covering
When reaching 50-80%, emergence rate removes covering;
(b) take shade net
Removing the obducent while, take shade net;
(c) thinning final singling
Seedling removes shade net when growing 1-2 sheet true leaf, stays seedling simultaneously, goes close stand, crosses seedling, ill seedling, spacing 0.02m-0.03m;
(d) intertill and clean tillage
The seedbed in time weeds a garden, and in time waters, and will loosen the soil after watering, and keeps the seedling field clean;
(e) topdress
In late June, every square metre chases after diammonium phosphate 0.015kg-0.02kg, throats the root side after the final singling, evenly fertilizer is executed the back earthing, in time waters after topdressing;
(f) water
The weather arid should in time be watered, and notes loosening the soil soil moisture conservation after watering evenly, irrigating, water;
F, transplanting
(a) choosing ground
The selection quality is loose, permeability is good, draining is good, middle fertility is above sandy loam, black earth, river silt soil, but soil layer is deep and water waters the good plot of condition, and the little sour neutral soil of pH value 6.5-7.5 forbids to select for use waterlogged lowland, geavy salt ground;
(b) site preparation and fertilization
Plough after choosing the plot, plough deeply 0.25-0.3m, leveling rake is thin, ridging then, and row spacing 0.5-0.7m picks up clean foreign material, then fertilising; Fertilizing amount is a per hectare basal dressing 20-30 ton;
(c) lifting
The lifting time is selected in 10 months autumns, the last ten-days period or mid-April in spring, adopts machinery or artificial lifting;
(d) select seedling
Select that branch is sturdy, well developed root system, no damage by disease and insect, undamaged I and II seedling carry out field planting;
(e) the transplanting phase
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS transplant spring, autumn all can, with autumn for well, the spring plants can be in 4 months, carry out the last ten-days period, the autumn plant can fall leaves in back 10 months in Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, carry out the last ten-days period, finish before freezing;
(f) transplanting method
Press line-spacing 1.2-1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.4-0.6 cave plants, and dark wide each 0.2-0.4m in cave plants the 890-1100 strain for every mu;
G, field management
(a) irrigation fertilization
Behind the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS transplanting survival, often keep ground moistening, topdress 1-2 every year, for the first time at Zhan Yeqian, after blooming, executes farmyard manure 3kg-4.5kg for general every square metre for the second time;
Specification requirement: when transplanting, must fully supply water, increase soil moisture, reach maxmun field capacity 55-75%; Need extensin period water less, but can not be too arid, if maxmun field capacity is lower than at 50% o'clock and should waters, pouring water once reaches maxmun field capacity 45-65%; The prosperous long-term soil water fills and should keep water-holding capacity 55-75%, irritates and is advisable for three times; To keep soil maximum water-holding capacity 70-80% flowering stage; The back maintenance soil maximum water-holding capacity of blooming reaches 65-75%; The fruit expanding period water yield suitably reduces, and keeps water capacity 55-75% to get final product;
(b) beta pruning
The beta pruning time is selected in autumn or winter, and every strain stays 1-2 climing;
(c) built
Make column with concrete column or angle steel, high 2.5-2.6m buries underground 0.5-0.6m, spacing 5-6m, draw two horizontal lines with No. 8 iron wires or reinforcing bar top between two root posts, every upright bamboo bar in the climing place of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS master, high 2.5-3m, diameter 0.015-0.02m, be fixed on the horizontal line with tying up rope, draw climing putting on the shelf by dextrorotation then, begin to tie up, put on the shelf naturally later with plastic ties.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101147446B (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2010-09-08 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Iphigenia indica kunth et benth seed grow seedling method |
| CN102077752A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-01 | 那万江 | Non-polluted schisandra cultivation technique |
| CN102301870A (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2012-01-04 | 恩施济源药业科技开发有限公司 | Floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica |
| CN102986331A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Treatment method of seeds of fructus schisandrae |
| CN102986421A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Cultivating method of fructus schisandrae |
| CN104025892A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 黄振忠 | Suberect spatholobus stem cultivation method |
| CN104106363A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-22 | 钓鱼台医药集团吉林天强制药股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis |
| CN106550738A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-04-05 | 马国坚 | Fruit of Chinese magnoliavine technology is planted leanly in south |
| CN106961956A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-21 | 项子豪 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine |
| CN107926465A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-20 | 苏州希尔盖森新材料有限公司 | A kind of method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis |
| CN109380078A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-26 | 茂县富盈生物科技开发有限公司 | A method of breeding bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae |
| CN110741869A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州黎源上品农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving fruit setting rate and yield of Bufna |
| CN114128707A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 沈阳药科大学 | Schisandra chinensis germplasm resource preservation method |
-
2007
- 2007-03-21 CN CN 200710010676 patent/CN101019489A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101147446B (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2010-09-08 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Iphigenia indica kunth et benth seed grow seedling method |
| CN102301870A (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2012-01-04 | 恩施济源药业科技开发有限公司 | Floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica |
| CN102077752A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-01 | 那万江 | Non-polluted schisandra cultivation technique |
| CN102986331A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Treatment method of seeds of fructus schisandrae |
| CN102986421A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Cultivating method of fructus schisandrae |
| CN104025892A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 黄振忠 | Suberect spatholobus stem cultivation method |
| CN104106363A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-22 | 钓鱼台医药集团吉林天强制药股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis |
| CN106550738A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-04-05 | 马国坚 | Fruit of Chinese magnoliavine technology is planted leanly in south |
| CN106961956A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-21 | 项子豪 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine |
| CN107926465A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-20 | 苏州希尔盖森新材料有限公司 | A kind of method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis |
| CN109380078A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-26 | 茂县富盈生物科技开发有限公司 | A method of breeding bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae |
| CN110741869A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州黎源上品农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving fruit setting rate and yield of Bufna |
| CN114128707A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 沈阳药科大学 | Schisandra chinensis germplasm resource preservation method |
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