CN104106363A - Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis - Google Patents
Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN104106363A CN104106363A CN201410336206.1A CN201410336206A CN104106363A CN 104106363 A CN104106363 A CN 104106363A CN 201410336206 A CN201410336206 A CN 201410336206A CN 104106363 A CN104106363 A CN 104106363A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for schisandra chinensis. The cultivation method includes the steps of seed treatment, seedling growing, transplantation, field management and harvest. Wild schisandra chinensis resources are protected through the cultivation pattern of seedling growing and transplantation, and technical support is provided for protecting forest resources and ecological environment and increasing the yield of the schisandra chinensis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine culture technique, more specifically, relate to the cultivation method of a kind of northern Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS.
Background technology
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is perennial fallen leaves liana, belongs to Magnoliaceae, can do medicinal.Be divided into " fructus schisandrae " and " kadsura longepedunculata ", Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) was once called: " there be dividing of north and south five tastes the present; southern product person look red; northern product person look black; people's tonic must be good with northern product person " has unique curative effect to the deficiency of Yin and the deficiency of yang, is traditional traditional Chinese medicine, and the central nervous system of human body, respiratory system are had to excitation, heart, liver, blood pressure are had to regulating action, people's eyesight, hearing are strengthened function; Promote choleresis, improve antibacterial ability.
Fructus schisandrae is distributed in Northeast China and North China, main product northeast, and suitable cold climate, is not endangered by late frost, should be grown in humus soil or loose rich soil; Like cloudy illumination, intolerant to waterlogging.In Changbaishan area, fructus schisandrae grows in 1000 meters of following vertical zones of hypo, and the many forest vegetations of the wealthy filling of pin, in the special ecological environment that dark brown forest soil earth forms.Three provinces in the northeast of China are main producing regions of fructus schisandrae, the mountain areas such as natural distribution Xiaoxing ' anling Mountains of Heilongjiang Province, Wanda Mountain, Zhang Guangcai ridge, master ridge.The annual production of wild resource is 500-700 ton at present, and domestic Chinese Medicinal Materials Markets, pharmacy corporation, wine brewing processing enterprise and export abroad annual requirement are 3000-3500 ton.Supply falls short of demand for raw material, and wild fructus schisandrae ecotope is by heavy damage, and output and quality decline year by year, and resource is increasingly exhausted.
At present, in the artificial cultivation of fructus schisandrae, with cuttage, press strip and seminal propagation are main.Although but cuttage press strip also can be taken root and develop into plant, the difficulty of taking root, during processing, requirement condition is difficult for grasping, and effect is all not as seminal propagation.After adopting seed seedling-raising, transplant, method is simple, and can obtain in a short time a large amount of seedling.Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seed has darker hibernation feature, must could be at breach under normal temperature through the Sand culture in one period, and before husky Tibetan, seed, through chemical Treatment, is generally used dense H
2sO
4seed is processed, but through dense H
2sO
4there is at lay up period the phenomenon of going rotten in the seed of processing, reduces bud ratio, affects seed quality.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide the cultivation method of a kind of northern Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, the method is that fructus schisandrae is adopted to the sexual reproduction method of transplanting after seed seedling-raising, the seed that fructus schisandrae is in to resting stage carries out chemical method processing, do sth. in advance breaking dormancy, to improve bud ratio, for seed seedling-raising breeding provides Technical Reference.
For solving above-mentioned first technical problem, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A cultivation method for northern Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, the method comprises the steps:
1. seed treatment: by the fructus schisandrae fruit gathering then, clear water soaks 72h, rubs with the hands and removes pulp, cleans seed, water flotation, removes empty grain.Select water middle and lower part full seed, first use 0.5-2%CuSO
4solution soaks 5-8min, then uses 0.2-0.3%GA
3solution soaks 24h, afterwards by seed after mixing with 2 times of wet sand under 35 ℃ of conditions the husky 5-10 days that hides, then seed is placed in to the husky 50-80 days of Tibetan under 10-15 ℃ of condition.Sand humidity: with " hand is pinched non-agglomerate ", be as the criterion, regular replenishment suitable quantity of water during husky Tibetan.After most of embryo development maturation, can sow.
2. grow seedlings: fructus schisandrae happiness sandy loam, can be in maiden work bed in 4 the end of month to May, the line-spacing 15cm drilling of ditching, ditch depth 2cm.Seed is evenly sown in ditch, and mu 5 kilograms of left and right of seeding quantity, broadcast rear earthing 1-2cm, slightly suppression, suitably waters, and keeps soil fully moistening, about 15 days, emerge, seedling is afraid of day to burn, and Simple pergola shade (late August dismounting) should be set in time, and kept bed surface moistening in 20 days, when seedling reaches 3-4 sheet leaf, by spacing in the rows 5-7 centimetre final singling, also to suitably water later, weeding is loosened the soil and is topdressed, can transplant planting when tool 5-10 sheet leaf.
3. transplant: after fall foliage then or next spring bud carry out before sprouting, first want whole ground, apply fertilizer, do ridge (carrying out in resting stage).Select the farmland that soil is fertile, ventilating permeable is good, according to soil shape, geographical position, get rectangle, long 100-200m, wide 60-70m.Press south-north direction, line-spacing distance is 2m, spacing in the rows 1m, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling.Before field planting, carry out cave-shaped whole ground, cave is dark wide each 30 centimetres, and uses sufficient base fertilizer.While planting seedling, by the requirement of " three bury two step on carry seedling ", undertaken, after cultivation, water and after water oozes, to be covered with one deck table native again.Field planting ground, except fertile, irrigation and drainage well, requires the gradient to be less than 15 degree.
4. field management
(1) built: after transplant planting, answer built to climb up by holding on to for it.Support divides two kinds of natural scaffold and man-made supports, and the trees of natural support will have suitable height and sparse tree crown, with hawthorn or mountain fourth better, man-made support is set up with concrete column, every 4-6 rice, establish a column, every 50 centimetres high are drawn a galvanized iron wire, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS tendril are tied up on iron wire.
(2) weeding, topdress, pour water: after transplanting, according to field situation weeding, carry out 4-5 time every year, intertillage degree of depth 10cm left and right, reaches loosing soil good permeability, and play drought-resistant water-preserving effect, notes not hindering root in weeding process.Topdress annual twice, before mid or late May, bud was open, apply for the first time, can improve percentage of fertile fruit, available thiamines, each 25g of the every strain of superphosphate; For the second time, at early and middle ten days in July, execute the every strain 50g of superphosphate, in order to flower bud differentiation.The Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS florescence is on the occasion of dry season, the anti-fruit drop of should pouring water.In fruit expanding period, should keep ground moistening.Before freezing autumn, root is filled with to full water, the upper soil of training then, is beneficial to survive the winter and the growth of next year.
(3) pruning: Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is without dry racemosus plant, wants to continue high yield, on the sufficient fertilizer of maintenance, water, ventilation, printing opacity basis, also must complete by pruning.Prune mainly in winter and spring, during pruning clip from eye 2-2.5cm, liftoff 30 centimetres, frame face does not stay side shoot, climing except drawing the 2-3 bar master who ties up on bamboo pole on ground, and all the other parasitic branches are cut without exception, when branches and tendrils do not have cloth shelfful face, master is spread to long shoot and can only cut off prematurity part.The pruning of lateral bine be take to the middle long tip as main, and spacing keeps 15-20cm, every bar to stay 13 left and right of middle long shoot for well, and leafage branch is not cut in principle.When main climing aging, it is climing in order to upgrading that the healthy and strong branch of should selecting and remain from plant basis is new master.Cut parasitic branch, from folded branch, side thorax branch, sick branch and the overstocked branch of new life.Rational pruning, can improve structure, and rejuvenation plant extends bearing age.
(4) diseases prevention insect protected: disease mainly contains damping off, root rot, powdery mildew, black spot etc., insect pest mainly contains tortrix moth, heart-eating worm, two spotted spider mite etc.Diseases and pests controlling must be taked the non-harmful method of preventing and treating, in case the medical value of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is used the basic principle of agricultural chemicals to be: 1. forbidding is hypertoxic, height is malicious, persistent pesticide; 2. rationally use agricultural chemicals with; 3. alternatively administered reduces the pesticide resistance of disease worm; 4. grasp pharmaceutical quantities and spraying time, avoid producing poisoning; 5. improve agricultural chemicals availability, suit the remedy to the case; 6. using continuously agricultural chemicals interval is 7-15 days.The production field of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS must prevent the infringement of 2,4-D butyl ester.
5. when the 9-10 month fruit of gathering is scarlet, pluck, after cutting, put and dry in the sun, fine day can appoint dew moistening night, and the large quality of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS oiliness is good like this, when hand, holds flexiblely, while unclamping recovery, is and makes a good job of, and goes its carpopodium, impurity to put in storage or to sell.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The inventive method, can make the germination rate of fructus schisandrae seed be increased to 65%, can meet greatly the demand to market, also to protecting forest resources, plays a positive role with ecotope.Because it is seedling raising and transplanting, carry out artificial cultivation under Full daylight condition, its Yield and quality and benefit are all better than Wild schisandra chinensis.This method reaches after the full bearing period at fructus schisandrae, and annual output can reach 300kg/ mu left and right, and the rejuvenating pruning method of taking to circulate can make Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS bearing-age tree keep vigorous not waning for many years, and the production cycle reaches 20-30 years.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 illustrates the transplant planting schematic diagram of embodiment 1.
Embodiment
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the present invention, below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and drawings, the present invention is described further.Parts similar in accompanying drawing represent with identical Reference numeral.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that specifically described content is illustrative and nonrestrictive below, should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
Planting experiment base is in Liuhe County, Tonghua, Jilin Province city, 125 ° 17 '～126 ° 35 of east longitude ', 41 ° 54 '～42 ° 35 of north latitude ', as shown in Figure 1, in Fig. 1, a is the plantation head of district, and b is that growing area is wide, and c is line-spacing, and d is spacing in the rows.
1. seed treatment: by the fructus schisandrae fruit gathering then, clear water soaks 72h, rubs with the hands and removes pulp, cleans seed, water flotation, removes empty grain.Select water middle and lower part full seed, first use 1%CuSO4 solution to soak 10min, then soak 24h with 0.25%GA3 solution, afterwards seed is hidden 5 days in mixing rear elder generation sand under 35 ℃ of conditions with 2 times of wet sand, then sand is hidden 80 days under 15 ℃ of conditions.Regular replenishment suitable quantity of water during husky Tibetan.After most of embryo development maturation, can sow.
2. grow seedlings: in maiden work bed in May, the line-spacing 15cm drilling of ditching, ditch depth 2cm.Seed is evenly sown in ditch, and mu 5 kilograms of left and right of seeding quantity, broadcast rear earthing 2cm, slightly suppression, suitably waters, and keeps soil fully moistening, about 15 days, emerge, seedling is afraid of day to burn, and Simple pergola shade (late August dismounting) should be set in time, and kept bed surface moistening in 20 days, when seedling reaches 4 leaves, by 7 centimetres of final singlings of spacing in the rows, also to suitably water later, weeding is loosened the soil and is topdressed, can transplant planting when 10 leaves of tool.
3. transplant: after fall foliage, carrying out then, first wanting whole ground, apply fertilizer, do ridge (carrying out in resting stage).Select the farmland that soil is fertile, ventilating permeable is good, according to soil shape, geographical position, get rectangle, long 200 meters, wide 60 meters.Press south-north direction, line-spacing distance is 2 meters, 1 meter of spacing in the rows, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling.Before field planting, carry out cave-shaped whole ground, cave is dark wide each 30 centimetres, and uses sufficient base fertilizer.While planting seedling, by the requirement of " three bury two step on carry seedling ", undertaken, after cultivation, water and after water oozes, to be covered with one deck table native again.Field planting ground, except fertile, irrigation and drainage well, requires the gradient to be less than 15 degree.
4. field management
(1) built: after transplant planting, the hawthorn of take is defended Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS field built as nature support and climbs up by holding on to for it.
(2) weeding, topdress, pour water: after transplanting, according to field situation weeding, carry out every year 5 times, intertillage degree of depth 10cm left and right, reaches loosing soil good permeability, and play drought-resistant water-preserving effect, notes not hindering root in weeding process.Topdress for annual twice, before mid or late May, bud was open, apply for the first time, use thiamines, each 25g of the every strain of superphosphate; For the second time, at early and middle ten days in July, execute the every strain 50g of superphosphate, in order to flower bud differentiation.The Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS florescence anti-fruit drop of should pouring water.In fruit expanding period, should keep ground moistening.Before freezing autumn, root is filled with to full water, the upper soil of training then, is beneficial to survive the winter and the growth of next year.
(3) prune: in winter and spring, during pruning clip from eye 2cm, liftoff 30cm, frame face does not stay side shoot, climing except drawing the 2-3 bar master who ties up on bamboo pole on ground, and all the other parasitic branches are cut without exception, when branches and tendrils do not have cloth shelfful face, master is spread to long shoot and can only cut off prematurity part.The pruning of lateral bine be take to the middle long tip as main, and spacing keeps 20cm, every bar to stay 13 left and right of middle long shoot for well, and leafage branch is not cut in principle.When main climing aging, it is climing in order to upgrading that the healthy and strong branch of should selecting and remain from plant basis is new master.Cut parasitic branch, from folded branch, side thorax branch, sick branch and the overstocked branch of new life.
(4) diseases prevention insect protected: disease mainly contains damping off, root rot, powdery mildew, black spot etc., insect pest mainly contains tortrix moth, heart-eating worm, two spotted spider mite etc.Diseases and pests controlling must be taked the non-harmful method of preventing and treating, in case the medical value of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is used the basic principle of agricultural chemicals to be: 1. forbidding is hypertoxic, height is malicious, persistent pesticide; 2. rationally use agricultural chemicals with; 3. alternatively administered reduces the pesticide resistance of disease worm; 4. grasp pharmaceutical quantities and spraying time, avoid producing poisoning; 5. improve agricultural chemicals availability, suit the remedy to the case; 6. using continuously agricultural chemicals interval is 7-15 days.The production field of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS must prevent the infringement of 2,4-D butyl ester.
5. when the 9-10 month fruit of gathering is scarlet, pluck, after cutting, put and dry in the sun, fine day can appoint dew moistening night, and the large quality of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS oiliness is good like this, when hand, holds flexiblely, while unclamping recovery, is and makes a good job of, and goes its carpopodium, impurity to put in storage or to sell.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described; and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot give all embodiments exhaustive, every still row in protection scope of the present invention of apparent variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out or change that belong to.
Claims (4)
1. a cultivation method for northern Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) seed treatment;
2) grow seedlings;
3) transplant;
4) field management:
A, built: after transplant planting, answer built to climb up by holding on to for it;
B, weeding, topdress, pour water;
C, pruning: in winter and spring, during pruning, clip is from eye 2-2.5cm;
D, diseases prevention insect protected;
5) gather: when the 9-10 month, fruit was cerise, pluck, after cutting, put and dry in the sun.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) described seed treatment comprises the fructus schisandrae fruit gathering then, removes pulp, cleans seed, uses 0.5-2%CuSO
4solution soaks 5-8min, then uses 0.2-0.3%GA
3solution soaks 24h, afterwards by seed after mixing with 2 times of wet sand under 35 ℃ of conditions the husky 5-10 days that hides, then seed is placed in to the husky 50-80 days of Tibetan under 10-15 ℃ of condition.
3. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) described in grow seedlings and comprise maiden work bed in 4 the end of month to May, the line-spacing 15cm drilling of ditching, ditch depth 2cm, is evenly sown into seed in ditch, broadcasts rear earthing 1-2cm, maintenance ground moistening waters, when seedling reaches 3-4 sheet, by spacing in the rows 5-7 centimetre final singling, can transplant planting when tool 5-10 sheet leaf.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 3) described transplanting be included in then fall foliage after or next spring bud carry out before sprouting, line-spacing distance is 2m, spacing in the rows 1m, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling, cave is dark wide each 30 centimetres, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, after cultivation, water and after water oozes, be covered with one deck table soil again, the gradient is less than 15 degree.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104885774A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-09 | 吉林省奕拓仁科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of fructus schisandrae |
| CN106961956A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-21 | 项子豪 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine |
| CN107197667A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-26 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of fructus schisandrae alternative pruning method |
| CN110741869A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州黎源上品农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving fruit setting rate and yield of Bufna |
| CN114128707A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 沈阳药科大学 | Schisandra chinensis germplasm resource preservation method |
| CN115777425A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-14 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Labor-saving cultivation method for schisandra chinensis |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885774A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-09 | 吉林省奕拓仁科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of fructus schisandrae |
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| CN107197667A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-26 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of fructus schisandrae alternative pruning method |
| CN110741869A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州黎源上品农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving fruit setting rate and yield of Bufna |
| CN114128707A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 沈阳药科大学 | Schisandra chinensis germplasm resource preservation method |
| CN115777425A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-14 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Labor-saving cultivation method for schisandra chinensis |
| CN115777425B (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-09-20 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Labor-saving cultivation method for schisandra chinensis |
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Application publication date: 20141022 |