CN102077752A - Non-polluted schisandra cultivation technique - Google Patents
Non-polluted schisandra cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-polluted schisandra cultivation technique. 30cm*30cm*30cm planting pits or ditches are dug, stones are removed when surface soil is refilled, a suitable amount of decayed farm manure is mixed, seedlings are planted and the root system is expanded when refilled soil reaches 1/3 depth of each pit, then the soil is refilled to cover the seedlings until refilled soil reaches 2/3 depth of each pit and the root system is fully covered by soil, sufficient ground water is irrigated to ensure water amount in soil and enhance survival rate of seedlings, then each pit is fully filled with soil after water completely subsides and the soil is gently pressed to make soil mounds of about 8 to 10cm to preserve water and promote the survival of seedlings. The non-polluted schisandra cultivation technique in the invention is scientific and reasonable, and the schisandra produced by adopting the non-polluted schisandra cultivation technique has high yield and is non-polluted, and fully meets the international quality standards.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of schisandra cultivating technology.
Background technology
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS another name fructus schisandrae is the perennial fallen leaves of Magnoliaceae bejucoes, and length can reach 8 meters.Its sprig brown; The leaf alternate, wide oval to obovate, the tip point, the base portion wedge shape, there is thin small tooth at the edge, the long 1.5-3.0 of petiole centimetre; Spike, sagging after opening; The berry sphere includes 1-2 grain seed.Main product in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilungkiang San Sheng, especially of fine quality and be world-famous for the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS (being FRUCTUS SCHISANDRAE from Liaoning of China) that is produced in Liaoning.Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is used as medicine with ripening fruits.
In recent years, along with of the increase of some developed countries such as international market especially Korea S, Japan and America and Europe to the FRUCTUS SCHISANDRAE from Liaoning of China quantity required; Also strict more to the inspection of FRUCTUS SCHISANDRAE from Liaoning of China quality requirement especially some chemical compositions such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer simultaneously, this is with regard to a kind of new nuisanceless FRUCTUS SCHISANDRAE from Liaoning of China culture technique of an urgent demand invention, assurance can realize that output increases, and quality improves can realize nuisanceless, green export requirement again.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nuisanceless schisandra cultivating technology.
The technical scheme that adopts:
One, grows seedlings
1, seed selection:
The seed of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS carries out ear selection between harvest time 8 the end of month to mid-September, select and remain that fruit grain is big, the fruit ear of uniformity is made kind of a usefulness, rubs with the hands and removes pericarp, and pulp floats and removes flat grain, after drying or drying in the shade, puts aeration-drying place storage.
2, seed treatment
Lamination: soak seed 2-4 days with clear water November, change water every day one time, in 1: 2 ratio of seed and sand volumes ratio seed is mixed with clean river sand then and mix thoroughly in the woven bag of packing into, the hole of putting into the outdoor dark 0.4-0.5 rice of choosing in advance keeps flat, or do not pack the seed that directly will mix and put in the sand of 10 centimetres in lamination ditch, 15-30 centimetre of upper cover sand, the lamination ditch is chosen in eminence does not have ponding, temperature remains on 0-5 ℃, sand humidity is 30-60%, and the lamination time is 80-90 days.
Vernalization: the back (north about mid-March before and after) of thawing the 2nd year spring, take out seed and be placed on vernalization in 10-15 days under 12 ℃ of-22 ℃ of conditions, when the 60%-70% seed is little when having breach, radicle just to expose kind of skin, sow to best.
3, seeding and seedling raising
Early April just can be sowed.The selection draining is good, and soil property is fertile, and the smooth place that faces south uses sufficient base manure, and smooth soil moisture conservation is made 1.2 meters wide seedbeds, height of bed 10-20 centimetre.For ease of management, the drilling of adopting 15-18 centimetre of line-spacing is broadcast 2-2.5 centimetre of back earthing for well, suppression a little, and the lid grass waters, and prevents arid.Per 667 square metres of seeding quantity 4.5-5.5kg.Seed is broadcast back 20-30d and can be emerged, and at this moment will remove straw screen or mat in batches, sets up simple and easy shading shed, and suitably topdresses, waters, loosens the soil.
Two, the field is selected
1, choosing ground: select quality loose, permeability is good, and draining is good, and soil layers such as the sandy loam of middle fertility higher level, black earth, river silt soil are deep and water the good plot of water condition, and P in soil H value is the subacidity soil of 6.0-7.0, avoids and selects the waterlogged lowland.Build the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS garden and once plant for many years and to be benefited, thus must first perfecting program, comprise that place, area, seedling, field protection are provided with and local labo's situation etc.
2, site preparation and fertilization: plough after choosing the plot, plough deeply 0.25-0.3 rice, leveling rake is thin, fertilising then, and mu is executed high-temperature drying bag chicken manure 200-300 kilogram, and mu spreads fertilizer over the fields the fertile 25-30 kilogram of potassium sulphate compound, ridging then, row spacing 0.5-0.7 rice.
Three, nursery stock is selected
Lifting: the lifting time in the fall in 10 months, the last ten-days period or April in spring early and middle ten days, adopt artificial lifting usually.
Select seedling: more than 0.3 centimetre, root is long more than 20 centimetres with the root footpath for seedling, about main root 5-7 bar, and no damage by disease and insect, the not damaged nursery stock survives during transplanting easily for well.To reject through the rubescent or rotten nursery stock of winter storage root, must not use.
Four, transplanting time
Divide and to plant spring and plant autumn, the time of planting in spring is April first arrival mid-April, and the autumn is planted in mid-October to late October.The north planted based on the spring, was convenient to management, can prevent livestock harm in winter and the dead seedling of winter drought, can guarantee survival rate and storage rate, made its Cheng Yuan as early as possible.
Five, plant posture and density
The level land is built the garden and is advisable with hedge ledge south-north direction, former 60 centimetres of row spacings, and 3 change 2,90 centimetres of line-spacings, stake is high 2.5 meters, and 5 meters of pilespacings are done horizontal line with No. 8 iron money, and the branch upper, middle and lower draw three roads to get final product, and are fixed.Spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter, plants the 1200-1500 strain approximately for per 667 square metres.This kind planting system can effectively be utilized land area, and is convenient to management, with short production cycle, instant effect.
Six, method for planting
No matter take which kind of planting system, all must dig planting pit or field planting ditch, the specification in hole is 30 centimetres of 30 cm x, 30 cm x.Will reject stone when backfill table soil, and mix an amount of well-rotted farmyard manure, backfill soil reaches dark 1/3 o'clock of hole, and seedling is implanted, and with the root system spread apart, then, return the earth culture seedling again, treat back soil 2/3, when seedling root is all earthed up, water vola water,, improve plant percent to guarantee soil moisture.After treating that water avales fully, all fill up in will cheating.To suppress gently, into about 8-10 centimetre of mound,, promote that nursery stock survives in order to water conservation with earth culture.
Seven, 10-15d pushed away soil and pushs aside after management was planted after the field planting, treating to select after bud is sprouted 2-3 sturdy bud to do surely as major branch cultivates, and with chemical control insects such as chlorophos or phoxim baythions, and look the soil moisture situation and water soil moisture conservation, every strain simultaneously will be inserted a frame bar and be tied up frame to draw.
Eight, prune
Surely after planting then, note drawing and tie up frame,,, prepare for surviving the winter with promotion shoot maturation degree in mid or late September processings of pinching off young shoots.Life in 2 years must continue to keep the elongated shoot head growth, and short its enlarges tree crown, makes it result as early as possible.Simultaneously, note base base flagellum removing work, to reduce nutrient consumption.Life in 3 years promptly enters fruiting period, remove to continue keep enlarges tree crown, increases as a result outside the area, carry out the summer in winter in conjunction with trimming method, that is: the summer cuts and removes overlapping branch, overstocked branch, water sprout, sick branch, continues the basic living stolon of control; Winter cuts, and promptly early spring elongated shoot is carried out cutting back, in order to further enlarging tree crown, increases area as a result.Long fruit branch in noting cultivating is because of it is the main unit as a result of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS.
Nine, water and fertilizer management and weeding
1, water management
Should repeatedly water in after planting the 1st year, guaranteeing soil moisture content, thereby guarantee the normal growth of plant percent and treelet.Enter fruiting period tree, the normal time, guarantee that Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, fruit expand water, freeze-up water and water for 4-5 time, the while is in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.The soil moisture conservation of should loosening the soil immediately after watering is kept soil from packing together.
2, fertilizing management
The 1st year that plants should be at the early and middle ten days in June, and per 667 square metres impose urea 10-12kg, and life in 2 years should be executed about potassium sulphate compound fertilizer and each 15kg of urea in the first tenday period of a month in May, so that promote growth, enlarged tree crown, reached product as early as possible.Gave birth to the back in 3 years except that imposing the chemical fertilizer, should be at early and middle ten days autumn in October basal dressing, mu is used 200 kilograms of the dry bag chicken manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed, to guarantee soil fertility.The garden higher to output, that tree vigo(u)r is more weak, available " spraying treasured " foliage fertilizer carries out foliage spray.
3, intertill and clean tillage
Though five leaves belong to wild plant, behind the introducing field planting, must be noted that intertill and clean tillage, make its energy normal growth, the result reaches product as early as possible ahead of time.Intertill and clean tillage also can be in conjunction with pouring water, applying fertilizer, and carry out 3-4 every year.For the first time should be before germination, in conjunction with the soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil of applying fertilizer; The 2nd less important mid-May in conjunction with pouring water, the 3rd time in late June; The 4th was carried out in mid-July.In a word, can not have the farmland running to weeds to take place in the garden, intertill and clean tillage reduces outside the soil nutrient consumption, also can reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.
Ten, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, disease
Dead leaf sick early or mid July begins to take place, the solution control of available 5% thiophanate methyl 0.01%, powdery mildew can be used 25% triadimefon, the solution spray control of 0.125%-0.167%, more than two kinds of diseases also can the bordeaux mixture control with 1: 1: 200 times in mid-June, effect is also fine.
2, insect pest
The Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS insect pest is less, does not take place generally speaking, if fragmentary generation can manually be caught, take place as large tracts of land, the control of low-toxin farm chemicals such as available phoxim baythion, decis, but gathering preceding 1 month, must stop using various agricultural chemicals, in order to avoid residue of pesticide influence drug quality.
11, gather and pack
Schisandra fruit late September comes to the ripening period, and natural air drying also can manually be gathered and dry, but dry manually to gather, to be reduced the loss in the tree.Shining drying method is after manually gathering, be spread out on the cement flooring or and carry out airing with lay the groundwork (attention can not contact earth) such as reed mats, and want duty to stir, rainproof, in order to avoid moldy metamorphism makes its natural air drying, to pick up clean foreign material and carpopodium and black grain after air-dry, carry out quantitative package with clean woven bag, be advisable with 10-15kg for every bag, put aeration-drying place and preserve.Simultaneously, prevent the plague of rats and pollution, in order to avoid cause damage.
12, overwinter management
1, mid or late October, in conjunction with the autumn basal dressing, full garden is cleaned, remove foreign material such as deadwood, sick worm leaf, carry out the ridging of winter irrigation and base portion simultaneously, to guarantee safe overwintering.
2, prevent livestock harm, having ready conditions add guardrail around can be in the garden and prevent and treat, and avoids livestock to enter, and also can manually nurse, in order to avoid cause damage.
Nuisanceless schisandra cultivating technical matters of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS output height that this technology is produced, and nuisancelessly satisfy international quality standards fully.
Embodiment
One, grows seedlings
1, seed selection:
The seed of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS carries out ear selection between harvest time on August 28 to September 15, select and remain that fruit grain is big, the fruit ear of uniformity is made kind of a usefulness, rubs with the hands and removes pericarp, and pulp floats and removes flat grain, after drying or drying in the shade, puts aeration-drying place storage.
2, seed treatment
Lamination: soak seed 3 days with clear water November, change water every day one time, in 1: 2 ratio of seed and sand volumes ratio seed is mixed with clean river sand then and mix thoroughly in the woven bag of packing into, putting into the outdoor dark 0.5 meter hole of choosing in advance keeps flat, 20 centimetres of upper cover sands, the lamination ditch is chosen in eminence does not have ponding, and temperature remains on 5 ℃, sand humidity is 45%, and the lamination time is 85 days.
Vernalization: take out seed and be placed on the vernalization in following 12 days of 16 ℃ of conditions thaw the 2nd year spring in back March 20,, sow to best when the 60%-70% seed is little when having breach, radicle just to expose kind of skin.
3, seeding and seedling raising
Early April just can be sowed.The selection draining is good, and soil property is fertile, and the smooth place that faces south uses sufficient base manure, and 1.2 meters wide seedbeds are made in smooth soil moisture conservation, 15 centimetres of the height of bed.For ease of management, the drilling of adopting 16 centimetres of line-spacings is broadcast 2-2.5 centimetre of back earthing for well, suppression a little, and the lid grass waters, and prevents arid.Per 667 square metres of seeding quantity 5kg.Seed is broadcast back 25d and can be emerged, and at this moment will remove straw screen or mat in batches, sets up simple and easy shading shed, and suitably topdresses, waters, loosens the soil.
Two, the field is selected
1, choosing ground: select quality loose, permeability is good, and draining is good, and soil layers such as the sandy loam of middle fertility higher level, black earth, river silt soil are deep and water the good plot of water condition, and P in soil H value is 6.5 subacidity soil, avoids and selects the waterlogged lowland.Build the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS garden and once plant for many years and to be benefited, thus must first perfecting program, comprise that place, area, seedling, field protection are provided with and local labo's situation etc.
2, site preparation and fertilization: plough after choosing the plot, plough deeply 0.25-0.3 rice, leveling rake is thin, fertilising then, and mu is executed 250 kilograms of high-temperature drying bag chicken manures, and mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fertile 30 kilograms of potassium sulphate compound, ridging then, 0.6 meter of row spacing.
Three, nursery stock is selected
Lifting: the lifting time in the fall in 10 months, the last ten-days period or April in spring early and middle ten days, adopt artificial lifting usually.
Select seedling: more than 0.3 centimetre, root is long more than 20 centimetres with the root footpath for seedling, 5 on main root, and no damage by disease and insect, the not damaged nursery stock survives during transplanting easily for well.To reject through the rubescent or rotten nursery stock of winter storage root, must not use.
Four, transplanting time
The time of planting in spring is April first arrival mid-April, can prevent extremely seedling of livestock harm in winter and winter drought, can guarantee survival rate and storage rate, makes its Cheng Yuan as early as possible.
Five, plant posture and density
The level land is built the garden and is advisable with hedge ledge south-north direction, former 60 centimetres of row spacings, and 3 change 2,90 centimetres of line-spacings, stake is high 2.5 meters, and 5 meters of pilespacings are done horizontal line with No. 8 iron money, and the branch upper, middle and lower draw three roads to get final product, and are fixed.Spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter, plants 1300 strains for per 667 square metres.This kind planting system can effectively be utilized land area, and is convenient to management, with short production cycle, instant effect.
Six, method for planting
No matter take which kind of planting system, all must dig planting pit or field planting ditch, the specification in hole is 30 centimetres of 30 cm x, 30 cm x.Will reject stone when backfill table soil, and mix an amount of well-rotted farmyard manure, backfill soil reaches dark 1/3 o'clock of hole, and seedling is implanted, and with the root system spread apart, then, return the earth culture seedling again, treat back soil 2/3, when seedling root is all earthed up, water vola water,, improve plant percent to guarantee soil moisture.After treating that water avales fully, all fill up in will cheating.To suppress gently, into about 8-10 centimetre of mound,, promote that nursery stock survives in order to water conservation with earth culture.
Seven, manage after the field planting
The back 12d that plants pushes away soil and pushs aside, and treat to select after bud is sprouted 3 sturdy buds to do surely and cultivate as major branch, and with chemical control insects such as chlorophos or phoxim baythions, and look the soil moisture situation and water soil moisture conservation, every strain simultaneously will be inserted a frame bar and be tied up frame to draw.
Eight, prune
Surely after planting then, note drawing and tie up frame,,, prepare for surviving the winter with promotion shoot maturation degree in mid or late September processings of pinching off young shoots.Life in 2 years must continue to keep the elongated shoot head growth, and short its enlarges tree crown, makes it result as early as possible.Simultaneously, note base base flagellum removing work, to reduce nutrient consumption.Life in 3 years promptly enters fruiting period, remove to continue keep enlarges tree crown, increases as a result outside the area, carry out the summer in winter in conjunction with trimming method, that is: the summer cuts and removes overlapping branch, overstocked branch, water sprout, sick branch, continues the basic living stolon of control; Winter cuts, and promptly early spring elongated shoot is carried out cutting back, in order to further enlarging tree crown, increases area as a result.Long fruit branch in noting cultivating is because of it is the main unit as a result of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS.
Nine, water and fertilizer management and weeding
1, water management
Should repeatedly water in after planting the 1st year, guaranteeing soil moisture content, thereby guarantee the normal growth of plant percent and treelet.Enter fruiting period tree, in the normal time, guarantee that Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, fruit expand water, freeze-up water and water for 5 times, simultaneously in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.The soil moisture conservation of should loosening the soil immediately after watering is kept soil from packing together.
2, fertilizing management
The 1st year that plants should be at the early and middle ten days in June, and per 667 square metres impose urea 12kg, and life in 2 years should be executed about potassium sulphate compound fertilizer and each 15kg of urea in the first tenday period of a month in May, so that promote growth, enlarged tree crown, reached product as early as possible.Gave birth to the back in 3 years except that imposing the chemical fertilizer, at early and middle ten days autumn in October basal dressing, mu is used 200 kilograms of the dry bag chicken manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed, to guarantee soil fertility.The garden higher to output, that tree vigo(u)r is more weak, available " spraying treasured " foliage fertilizer carries out foliage spray.
3, intertill and clean tillage
Intertill and clean tillage also can carry out 4 times in conjunction with pouring water, applying fertilizer every year.For the first time should be before germination, in conjunction with the soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil of applying fertilizer; The 2nd less important mid-May in conjunction with pouring water, the 3rd time in late June; The 4th was carried out in mid-July.In a word, can not have the farmland running to weeds to take place in the garden, intertill and clean tillage reduces outside the soil nutrient consumption, also can reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.
Ten, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, disease
Dead leaf sick early or mid July begins to take place, and with the solution control of 5% thiophanate methyl 0.01%, powdery mildew can be prevented and treated with the solution spray of 25% triadimefon 0.15%.
2, insect pest
The fragmentary generation of insect pest can manually be caught, and takes place as large tracts of land, and the control of low-toxin farm chemicals such as available phoxim baythion, decis was being gathered preceding 1 month, must stop using various agricultural chemicals, in order to avoid residue of pesticide influence drug quality.
11, gather and pack
After manually gathering, be spread out on the cement flooring (attention can not contact earth) and carry out airing, and want duty to stir, rainproof, in order to avoid moldy metamorphism makes its natural air drying, to pick up clean foreign material and carpopodium and black grain after air-dry, carry out quantitative package with clean woven bag, be advisable with 12kg for every bag, put aeration-drying place and preserve.Simultaneously, prevent the plague of rats and pollution, in order to avoid cause damage.
12, overwinter management
1, mid or late October, in conjunction with the autumn basal dressing, full garden is cleaned, remove foreign material such as deadwood, sick worm leaf, carry out the ridging of winter irrigation and base portion simultaneously, to guarantee safe overwintering.
2, prevent livestock harm, add guardrail all around in the garden and prevent and treat, avoid livestock to enter.
Claims (1)
1. nuisanceless schisandra cultivating technology is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
One, grows seedlings
(1), seed selection:
The seed of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS carries out ear selection between harvest time 8 the end of month to mid-September, select and remain that fruit grain is big, the fruit ear of uniformity is made kind of a usefulness, rubs with the hands and removes pericarp, and pulp floats and removes flat grain, after drying or drying in the shade, puts aeration-drying place storage;
(2), seed treatment
Lamination: soak seed 2-4 days with clear water November, change water every day one time, in 1: 2 ratio of seed and sand volumes ratio seed is mixed with clean river sand then and mix thoroughly in the woven bag of packing into, the hole of putting into the outdoor dark 0.4-0.5 rice of choosing in advance keeps flat, or do not pack the seed that directly will mix and put in the sand of 10 centimetres in lamination ditch, 15-30 centimetre of upper cover sand, the lamination ditch is chosen in eminence does not have ponding, temperature remains on 0-5 ℃, sand humidity is 30-60%, and the lamination time is 80-90 days;
Vernalization: the back (north about mid-March before and after) of thawing the 2nd year spring, take out seed and be placed on vernalization in 10-15 days under 12 ℃ of-22 ℃ of conditions, when the 60%-70% seed is little when having breach, radicle just to expose kind of skin, sow to best;
(3), seeding and seedling raising
Early April just can be sowed, and selects draining good, and soil property is fertile, the smooth place that faces south uses sufficient base manure, and 1.2 meters wide seedbeds are made in smooth soil moisture conservation, height of bed 10-20 centimetre, for ease of management, the drilling of adopting 15-18 centimetre of line-spacing is for well, broadcast 2-2.5 centimetre of back earthing, suppression a little, the lid grass waters, prevent arid, per 667 square metres of seeding quantity 4.5-5.5kg, seed broadcast back 20-30d and can emerge, at this moment to remove straw screen or mat in batches, set up simple and easy shading shed, and suitably topdress, water, loosen the soil;
Two, the field is selected
(1), choosing ground: select quality loose, permeability is good, draining is good, soil layers such as the sandy loam of middle fertility higher level, black earth, river silt soil are deep and water the good plot of water condition, P in soil H value is the subacidity soil of 6.0-7.0, avoids and selects the waterlogged lowland, builds the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS garden and once plants benefited for many years, so necessary first perfecting program comprises place, area, seedling, field protection setting and local labo's situation etc.;
(2), site preparation and fertilization: plough after choosing the plot, plough deeply 0.25-0.3 rice, leveling rake is thin, fertilising then, mu is executed high-temperature drying bag chicken manure 200-300 kilogram, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields the fertile 25-30 kilogram of potassium sulphate compound, ridging then, row spacing 0.5-0.7 rice;
Three, nursery stock is selected
Lifting: the lifting time in the fall in 10 months, the last ten-days period or April in spring early and middle ten days, adopt artificial lifting usually;
Select seedling: more than 0.3 centimetre, root is long more than 20 centimetres with the root footpath for seedling, about main root 5-7 bar, and no damage by disease and insect, the not damaged nursery stock survives during transplanting easily for well, will reject through the rubescent or rotten nursery stock of winter storage root, must not use;
Four, transplanting time
Divide and to plant spring and plant autumn, the time of planting in spring is April first arrival mid-April, and the autumn is planted in mid-October to late October, and the north planted based on the spring, was convenient to management, can prevent extremely seedling of livestock harm in winter and winter drought, can guarantee survival rate and storage rate, made its Cheng Yuan as early as possible;
Five, plant posture and density
The level land is built the garden and is advisable with hedge ledge south-north direction, former 60 centimetres of row spacings, and 3 change 2,90 centimetres of line-spacings, stake is high 2.5 meters, 5 meters of pilespacings, do horizontal line with No. 8 iron money, the branch upper, middle and lower draw three roads to get final product, and are fixed, and spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter, plant the 1200-1500 strain approximately for per 667 square metres, this kind planting system can effectively be utilized land area, and is convenient to management, with short production cycle, instant effect;
Six, method for planting
No matter take which kind of planting system, all must dig planting pit or field planting ditch, the specification in hole is 30 centimetres of 30 cm x, 30 cm x, will reject stone when backfill table soil, and mix an amount of well-rotted farmyard manure, backfill soil reaches dark 1/3 o'clock of hole, seedling is implanted, and with the root system spread apart, then, return the earth culture seedling again, treat back soil 2/3, when seedling root is all earthed up, water vola water, to guarantee soil moisture, improve plant percent, treat that water avales fully after, all fill up in will cheating.To suppress gently, into about 8-10 centimetre of mound,, promote that nursery stock survives in order to water conservation with earth culture;
Seven, manage after the field planting
The back 10-15d that plants pushes away soil and pushs aside, and treat to select after bud is sprouted 2-3 sturdy bud to do surely and cultivate as major branch, and with chemical control insects such as chlorophos or phoxim baythions, and look the soil moisture situation and water soil moisture conservation, every strain simultaneously will be inserted a frame bar and be tied up frame to draw;
Eight, prune
Surely after planting then, note drawing and tie up frame, in mid or late September processings of pinching off young shoots, with promotion shoot maturation degree, prepare for surviving the winter, life in 2 years must continue to keep the elongated shoot head growth, and short its enlarges tree crown, makes it result as early as possible, simultaneously, note base base flagellum removing work, to reduce nutrient consumption.Life in 3 years promptly enters fruiting period, remove to continue keep enlarges tree crown, increases as a result outside the area, carry out the summer in winter in conjunction with trimming method, that is: the summer cuts and removes overlapping branch, overstocked branch, water sprout, sick branch, continues the basic living stolon of control; Winter cuts, and promptly early spring elongated shoot is carried out cutting back, in order to further enlarging tree crown, increases area as a result, and long fruit branch in noting cultivating is because of it is the main unit as a result of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS;
Nine, water and fertilizer management and weeding
1, water management
Should repeatedly water in after planting the 1st year, to guarantee soil moisture content, thereby guarantee the normal growth of plant percent and treelet, enter the fruiting period tree, the normal time, guarantee that Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, fruit expand water, freeze-up water and water for 4-5 time, simultaneously in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.The soil moisture conservation of should loosening the soil immediately after watering is kept soil from packing together;
2, fertilizing management
The 1st year that plants should be at the early and middle ten days in June, and per 667 square metres impose urea 10-12kg, and life in 2 years should be executed about potassium sulphate compound fertilizer and each 15kg of urea in the first tenday period of a month in May, so that promote growth, enlarge tree crown, reach product as early as possible, gave birth to the back except that imposing the chemical fertilizer in 3 years, should be at early and middle ten days autumn in October basal dressing, mu is used 200 kilograms of the dry bag chicken manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed, and is to guarantee soil fertility, higher to output, the garden that tree vigo(u)r is more weak, available " spraying treasured " foliage fertilizer carries out foliage spray;
3, intertill and clean tillage
Though five leaves belong to wild plant, behind the introducing field planting, must be noted that intertill and clean tillage, make its energy normal growth, the result reaches product as early as possible ahead of time, and intertill and clean tillage also can be in conjunction with pouring water, applying fertilizer, and carry out 3-4 every year.For the first time should be before germination, in conjunction with the soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil of applying fertilizer; The 2nd less important mid-May in conjunction with pouring water, the 3rd time in late June; The 4th was carried out in mid-July, in a word, can not have the farmland running to weeds to take place in the garden, and intertill and clean tillage reduces outside the soil nutrient consumption, also can reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect;
Ten, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, disease
Dead leaf sick early or mid July begins to take place, the solution control of available 5% thiophanate methyl 0.01%, powdery mildew can be used 25% triadimefon, the solution spray control of 0.125%-0.167%, more than two kinds of diseases also can the bordeaux mixture control with 1: 1: 200 times in mid-June, effect is also fine;
2, insect pest
The Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS insect pest is less, does not take place generally speaking, if fragmentary generation can manually be caught, take place as large tracts of land, the control of low-toxin farm chemicals such as available phoxim baythion, decis, but gathering preceding 1 month, must stop using various agricultural chemicals, in order to avoid residue of pesticide influence drug quality;
11, gather and pack
Schisandra fruit late September comes to the ripening period, natural air drying in the tree, also can manually gather and dry, but dry manually to gather, to reduce the loss, shining drying method is after manually gathering, be spread out on the cement flooring or and carry out airing with lay the groundwork (attention can not contact earth) such as reed mats, and want duty to stir, rainproof, in order to avoid moldy metamorphism, make its natural air drying, to pick up clean foreign material and carpopodium and black grain after air-dry, carry out quantitative package, be advisable with 10-15kg for every bag with clean woven bag, putting aeration-drying place preserves, simultaneously, prevent the plague of rats and pollution, in order to avoid cause damage;
12, overwinter management
1, mid or late October, in conjunction with the autumn basal dressing, full garden is cleaned, remove foreign material such as deadwood, sick worm leaf, carry out the ridging of winter irrigation and base portion simultaneously, to guarantee safe overwintering;
2, prevent livestock harm, having ready conditions add guardrail around can be in the garden and prevent and treat, and avoids livestock to enter, and also can manually nurse, in order to avoid cause damage.
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| CN104106363A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-22 | 钓鱼台医药集团吉林天强制药股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis |
| CN104488628A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州市吴中区光福香雪苗圃 | Planting method for Cathaya argyrophylla |
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| CN104488628A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州市吴中区光福香雪苗圃 | Planting method for Cathaya argyrophylla |
| CN104541864A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 重庆市巴南区格铭花卉苗木种植场 | Seedling planting and cultivating method |
| CN104919990A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-09-23 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Treatment method for preventing jute from mildew |
| CN106550738A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-04-05 | 马国坚 | Fruit of Chinese magnoliavine technology is planted leanly in south |
| CN105379488A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-03-09 | 张登茂 | Fertilizing method for tree seedlings |
| CN105393763A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-16 | 范健身 | Method for planting Sargentodoxa cuneata |
| CN105766136A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-20 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Method for increasing germination rate of seed of schisandra chinensis |
| CN105766136B (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2018-12-11 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | A method of improving Schisandra chinensis percentage of seedgermination |
| CN106416812A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-02-22 | 鄢陵中林园林工程有限公司 | Container sleeved root control bag seed and seedling cultivation device, automatic-control irrigation system thereof and seedling cultivation method |
| CN111165290A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-19 | 四川麦岐生态农业开发有限公司 | Organic cultivation method for full-light field of schisandra chinensis |
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