CN105393736A - Planting method for semen cassia - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a planting method for semen cassia. By using optimized selection of weather, soil, sowing environment, and fertilization methods, the method realizes standardized planting of semen cassia, and improves quality of the semen cassia. The set of method which is suitable to be used in fertilization, breeding, pest control and management in a planting process of the semen cassia is provided. Semen cassia planted by the method is excellent in quality, and heavy metal and pesticide residue reach international standards, and the whole planting process is easy to scale up.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of cassia seed

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, be specially a kind of implantation methods of cassia seed.

Background technology

Cassia seed is the conventional important Chinese medicine material of antalgic and inflammation relieving at all times, and all on the books at successive dynasties medicine ancient books and records such as Compendium of Material Medica, taste is pungent, salty, warm in nature, has micro-poison, has to dispel rheumatism, the effect of removing obstruction in channels to relieve pain.Be mainly used in arthralgia due to wind-dampness clinically, extremity numbness, the contraction of muscle arteries and veins, joint stuffiness, the symptoms such as fishbone caught in throat.Current Cassia obtusifolia L derives from wild, and its former plant is wild in mountain valley, woods limit, hillside or shrub.For a long time, the former plant origin of Cassia obtusifolia L is numerous and chaotic.Be same as Cassia obtusifolia L to be widely used, evident in efficacy, developing new drug prospect is boundless, and therefore the market demand presents obvious increase, unrestrictedly excavates wild resource at present, and cause wild resource day by day exhausted, ecotope is also destroyed.Current Cassia obtusifolia L ubiquity variet complexity, gathers, processes, transports, the not science such as storage, manages lack of standardization, causes quality of medicinal material unstable, sometimes exist and pollute, have impact on quality and the Clinical practice of medicinal material.The present invention produces Cassia obtusifolia L and changes standardization artificial cultivation into from wild collection, the geography of cassia seed resource, ecology, air, soil, irrigation water, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest and seed selection, nursery, cultivation, plant protection are managed, gathers, the links such as processing investigates, studies and test, cassia seed planting technology by traditional Chinese medicine GAP requirement is proposed, reach Cassia obtusifolia L high-quality stable, meet the development trend of China's modernization of Chinese medicine, be also conducive to solving the key issues such as the quality that current Cassia obtusifolia L exists.

Summary of the invention

The implantation methods of cassia seed of the present invention, and the Plant plane providing set of system, improve quality and the stability of cassia seed product.

The method comprises the following steps:

1) weather, soil are selected: under the not contaminated prerequisite of guarantee environment, soil layer should be selected deep, quality is loosened, and sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, are advisable in the area that the gradient is less than 15 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 15 ~ 20 mu of one community in hillside fields, is that width builds reversed terrace and ring ditch etc. by the planting bed distances of 1.5 ~ 2.5 meters wide.

2) whole ground basal dressing: entirely cultivate choosing soil, deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu executes decomposed dung or compost 2500 ~ 3500kg, ploughs 25 ~ 30cm, and leveling rake is thin, and seedling bed is wide 1 ~ 1.5m, and milpa base area shape condition can make the wide band of 1 ~ 2m.

3) seed growing method: ripe seed of gathering about September.Bask seeds before sowing 1-2 days, removing pappus.First soak with clear water, put into potassium permanganate 5000 times of liquid and soak sterilization in 10 ~ 15 minutes, with clear water, medicament is washed down after taking-up, finally seed is placed in cold water and soaks 3 ~ 5 hours, pick up slightly to dry and wait to broadcast.

4) about the 3 ~ 5kg of seed then that mu seedbed quality is good, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing is upper October, the middle ten days, sows in spring in mid or late March.

5) seed sowing method: seed sowing many employings drilling.Open the shallow ridges of 1 ~ 5cm by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, be evenly sown in ditch by seed, compress gently after earthing, water permeable, furrow face covers leaf 1 ~ 5cm, is removed by covering when emerging.Suitable thinning during height of seedling 5 ~ 6cm, during height of seedling 10 ~ 12cm.By spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm final singling.Mu kind of a 0.5kg.

6) seeding and seedling raising is transplanted: by seed uniform broadcasting above seedbed, broadcast rear earthing 1.2 ~ 1.6cm, namely pulls with hoe or wood is pulled and slightly compressed.Pressure spills clear water with sprayer after planting makes table soil moistening.Cover straw again.Straw is removed immediately after emerging.During height of seedling 3-5cm, suitable thinning, then topdresses, and 2 kilograms, mu urea is watered 10 loads and waters and execute or water execute with diluting the fecaluria water that becomes thoroughly decomposed,

Namely seedling is washed with clear water after executing.During height of seedling 4 ~ 7 centimetres, available 0.1% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray blade face.About transplanting the last week, Shi Yici send and transfers fertilizer.2 ~ 3 kilograms, mu urea is watered 15 loads pouring and executes, and washes seedling immediately after executing with clear water.During height of seedling about 9cm, by row, about spacing in the rows 30cm balled transplanting; Water after transplanting.

8) cuttage is directly planted: February, get the cassia seed 2 years raw stem bars not yet sprouted, be cut into and be about 30cm transplant with more than 2 joints, with the liquid leaching 2h of green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l, then on whole good cultivation bed soil, tiltedly imbed soil according to about 30cm seeding row spacing, only stay 1, top to save on the ground, water permeable, keep ground moistening.

9) cuttage and seedling culture is transplanted: cuttage and seedling culture density is about seeding row spacing 8 × 15cm, and cuttage in spring directly plants mode with above-mentioned cuttage in spring; Summer and autumn, cottage method was: get the raw stem bar of 2-3, be cut into the cutting of 3 joints, wipe out blade, and joint upper bud in 2, bottom is luxuriant and sprig, the bud bud staying 1, top to save, with the liquid leaching 20 ~ 30min of green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l, oblique cutting imbeds bed soil, water permeable, keep ground moistening.

10) field management, timely weeding, waters, applies fertilizer and draining.

11) thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, and height of seedling 4 ~ 6cm time thinning after emerging, final singling during height of seedling 9 ~ 10cm, fills the gaps with seedlings in time to the place of being short of seedling.

12) the 6-7 month, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 32kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 22kg, or compound fertilizer 30kg.

13) pluck flower bud to prune, except seed field, squaring period bud is all extractd in plant, to reduce the consumption of nutrient.When branches and leaves clump crosses dense, cut centre and bottom branches and leaves suitably, make it ventilation and penetrating light, avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow prosperous.

14) built, as height of seedling 20 ~ 40cm, with bamboo branch or branch in the ranks built, climbs growth for plant.

15) extermination of disease and insect pest

Almost there is not any damage by disease and insect in cassia seed wild state, the damage by disease and insect found on artificial planting at present is also only accidental powdery mildew and eats seedling tender leaf insect black cutworm, snail.

Powdery mildew large area occurs annual by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, before rainy season set, replaces spray 15% triadimefon wetting powder 800 times of liquid or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid can control disease every 7 ~ 10d.

Black cutworm prevention and controls: (1) contains the phase of sending out employing light or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult at winter generation adult.(2) to cause harm serious plot, can artificial capture method be taked.(3) with 90% trichlorphon 0.5kg, add water 2 ~ 4kg, mixes vegetable leaf or fresh careless 50kg makes poison bait, every 667m2, uses poison bait 10kg, carry out trapping larva.(4) with 80% chlorophos wetting powder, 800 times of liquid or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots.

Snail harm prevention method: lime powder or use on the ground 8% go out snail spirit granule, dose 1.5g/m2 can play good preventive and therapeutic effect.

16) pick and process, plants latter 2 years in autumn Mo to winter, and when cassia seed growth stops fallen leaves dormancy, take root system, removing cauline leaf, cleans earth, dry after segment.

In the present invention, cassia seed requires tight to weather, soil, but is good with the mountain brown earth soil of nice and cool, moistening weather and Fu She humus or sandy loam.The plot undergrowth of too low-lying, easy flood or arid.The seed longevity of cassia seed is short, and next year percentage of seedgermination only has about 16%, therefore seminal propagation must use seed then.Seed germinating time is longer, and germination temperature is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, and germination thermophilic is about 20 DEG C.Lower than 10 DEG C with more than 30 DEG C, there is inhibitory action to seed germination.

The main phenology of cassia seed is divided into sprouting period, leaf stretching period, shoot and leaf growth phase, florescence, fruit phase, fallen leaves resting stage.Observed result show spring after planting seed sprout in late March to early April, Wild plant early and middle ten days in March sprout exhibition leaf, April-May be send out a branch come into leaves the Stem growth phase, nourish and grow rapidly, root system also grows comparatively fast simultaneously, and late May starts to occur inflorescence, blooms successively, result immediately, the florescence 5-8 month, the main florescence in June, fruit the phase 8-10 month, start fallen leaves November, progress into resting stage.

Draw in cottage propagation test, cassia seed ratio is easier to cuttage root-taking, the cutting plantation not carrying out chemicals treatment also nearly 80%, and after taking suitable hestening rooting process, cutting plantation can reach more than 90%, best with the effect of the GGR of 200mg/L leaching cutting 2h process in test, can adopt in production.

In breeding and culturing process, cassia seed takes multiple planting type all better survive and grow, it is generally acknowledged, cassia seed is married again in kind of process wild, first relatively more suitable mode takes cuttage to transplant, because wild seed collection is more difficult, gather cutting then relatively easy a large amount of collection, cottage propagation has stronger prolific operability; After having large area artificial cultivation to gather seed from now on, then seed propagation is for being more suitable for mode.Cultivate again through nursery, can better ensure not to be short of seedling, seedling management is convenient, as long as transplant in good time, survival rate is secure, growing can be faster, can improve output, but many 1 time is transplanted process, and directly cultivate (live or cuttage is cultivated) comparative costs and increase to some extent, transplanting affects larger by weather etc. opportunity, likely affects cultivation survival rate and growth.Therefore, only in the soil environment condition of better cultivation, under comparing intensive farming situation, seedling raising and transplanting is taked to be reasonable planting type.Rational planting density can optimize plant photosynthesis, relation between colony of coordinating obtains the growing environment of advantage, thus sets up the basis of high yield.In certain density range, the output of cassia seed increases along with the increase of density, but medicinal material size specification increases along with density and reduces.And density is excessive affects ventilation and penetrating light, more easily damage by disease and insect occurs, cross rare, affect output, easily produce Weed infestation, therefore, select suitable density extremely important, seeding row spacing selects about 20-45cm more applicable, and wherein optimal selection is 30cm.

In seeding and fertilizing, select the test effect of increasing production using oil cake organic manure the most obvious, secondly for using compound fertilizer, and urea effect is not obvious.This is mainly because use urea excessively strong to ground branches and leaves growth promoting effects, the effect promoted root system is then not obvious, and soil lacks phosphorus potash fertilizer relatively, root growth is more to phosphorus potash fertilizer demand, uses to have the oil cake organic manure of multiple fertilizer element and compound fertilizer creates more obvious facilitation to root growth.Therefore, the cassia seed seedling later stage produces and above notices that the multi-element fertilizer enriching phosphorous potassium is advisable.

Cassia seed is mainly using rhizome as medicinal part, therefore improving root system seed output and quality is main purpose, aerial growth is excessively luxuriant, may affect root growth, and yields positive results for the cassia seed of non-son of reserving seed for planting, it is meaningless nutrient consumption, therefore should look plant branches and leaves clump upgrowth situation to prune, wipe out overstocked branches and leaves, improve ventilation and penetrating light condition, timely excision bud, reduces nutrient consumption.

Just stop after Cassia obtusifolia L root growth to November, the 8-11 month increases weight gradually, and extract content is also higher after November, therefore thinks after November it is that it excavates appropriate stage.

Beneficial effect: planting technology of the present invention achieves the standardized planting of cassia seed, improves the quality of cassia seed, and adopt the cassia seed of the present invention's plantation best in quality, heavy metal and pesticide remnant meets international standards.The present invention is suitable for large-scale production.

Embodiment

Describe the present invention for embodiment below.

In embodiment one, adopt seed sowing method:

Selection of land: under the not contaminated prerequisite of guarantee environment, select soil layer deep, quality is loosened, and sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, the area that the gradient is 10 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 15 mu of one community in hillside fields, is that width builds reversed terrace and ring ditch by the planting bed distances of 2 meters wide.Select species: select States Pharmacopoeia specifications certified products Ranunculaceae Actions of Clematis Species cassia seed seed.

Whole ground basal dressing: entirely cultivate choosing soil, deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu executes decomposed dung or compost 3000kg, ploughs 20cm, and leveling rake is thin, and seedling bed is wide 1.3m, and milpa makes the wide band of 2.2m.

Seed growing method: ripe seed of gathering mid-September.Bask seeds before sowing 2 days, removing pappus.First soak with clear water, put into 50% carbendazim, 250 times of liquid and soak sterilization in 18 minutes, with clear water, medicament is washed down after taking-up, finally seed is placed in cold water and soaks 5 hours, pick up slightly to dry and wait to broadcast.

Seedbed is selected: about the 4kg of seed then that mu seedbed quality is good, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing, mid-October, is sowed in spring in late March.

Seed sowing adopts drilling, opens the shallow ridges of 4cm, is evenly sown in ditch by seed, compresses gently after earthing, water permeable by line-spacing 30cm, and furrow face covers leaf 3cm, is removed by covering when emerging.Suitable thinning during height of seedling 3cm, during height of seedling 10cm.By spacing in the rows 25cm final singling.Mu kind of a 0.5kg.

Field management: timely weeding after emerging, prevents farmland running to weeds, general annual weeding 4 times.Start thinning during height of seedling 5cm after emerging, start final singling during height of seedling 8cm, and filled the gaps with seedlings in time in the place of being short of seedling.

Meet dry weather before and after emerging will water in time, rainy season carries out drainage works.During height of seedling 10cm, every mu imposes the light liquid dung 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Late June, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 25kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 30kg, compound fertilizer 30kg.

Bud is all extractd squaring period by plant, to reduce the consumption of nutrient.When branches and leaves clump crosses dense, cut centre and bottom branches and leaves suitably, make it ventilation and penetrating light, avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow prosperous.

As height of seedling 40cm, with bamboo branch or branch in the ranks built, climb growth for plant, avoid stem, Ye Dui gets together, affect growth because of improper ventilation.

Pick and process: after planting latter 2 years, in by the end of November, take root system, removing cauline leaf, cleans earth, dries after segment.

Claims (2)

1. an implantation methods for cassia seed, is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:

1) weather, soil are selected: under the not contaminated prerequisite of guarantee environment, soil layer should be selected deep, quality is loosened, sunshine is good, irrigation and drainage are convenient, be advisable in the area that the gradient is less than 15 °, road ditch planning is carried out by 15 ~ 20 mu of one community in hillside fields, is that width builds reversed terrace and ring ditch etc. by the planting bed distances of 1.5 ~ 2.5 meters wide;

2) whole ground basal dressing: entirely cultivate choosing soil, deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu executes decomposed dung or compost 2500 ~ 3500kg, ploughs 25 ~ 30cm, and leveling rake is thin, and seedling bed is wide 1 ~ 1.5m, and milpa base area shape condition can make the wide band of 1 ~ 2m;

3) seed growing method: ripe seed of gathering about September, bask seeds before sowing 1-2 days, removing pappus, first soak with clear water, put into potassium permanganate 5000 times of liquid and soak sterilization in 10 ~ 15 minutes, with clear water, medicament is washed down after taking-up, finally seed is placed in cold water and soaks 3 ~ 5 hours, pick up slightly to dry and wait to broadcast;

4) about the 3 ~ 5kg of seed then that mu seedbed quality is good, germination rate is high, autumn sowing is upper October, the middle ten days, sows in spring in mid or late March;

5) seed sowing method: seed sowing many employings drilling, the shallow ridges of 1 ~ 5cm is opened by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, seed is evenly sown in ditch, compress gently after earthing, water permeable, furrow face covers leaf 1 ~ 5cm, is removed by covering when emerging, suitable thinning during height of seedling 5 ~ 6cm, during height of seedling 10 ~ 12cm;

By spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm final singling, mu kind of a 0.5kg;

6) seeding and seedling raising is transplanted: by seed uniform broadcasting above seedbed, broadcast rear earthing 1.2 ~ 1.6cm, namely pulls with hoe or wood is pulled and slightly compressed, and spills clear water makes table soil moistening after pressure kind with sprayer;

Cover straw again, after emerging, remove straw immediately, during height of seedling 3-5cm, suitable thinning, then topdresses, and 2 kilograms, mu urea is watered 10 loads and waters and execute or water execute with diluting the fecaluria water that becomes thoroughly decomposed,

Namely seedling is washed with clear water after executing, during height of seedling 4 ~ 7 centimetres, available 0.1% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray blade face, about transplanting the last week, Shi Yici send and transfers fertilizer, 2 ~ 3 kilograms, mu urea is watered 15 loads pouring and executes, and washes seedling immediately, during height of seedling about 9cm after executing with clear water, by row, about spacing in the rows 30cm balled transplanting, water after transplanting;

8) cuttage is directly planted: February, get the cassia seed 2 years raw stem bars not yet sprouted, be cut into and be about 30cm transplant with more than 2 joints, with the liquid leaching 2h of green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l, then on whole good cultivation bed soil, tiltedly imbed soil according to about 30cm seeding row spacing, only stay 1, top to save on the ground, water permeable, keep ground moistening;

9) cuttage and seedling culture is transplanted: cuttage and seedling culture density is about seeding row spacing 8 × 15cm, cuttage in spring directly plants mode with above-mentioned cuttage in spring, summer and autumn, cottage method was: get the raw stem bar of 2-3, be cut into the cutting of 3 joints, wipe out blade, and joint upper bud in 2, bottom is luxuriant and sprig, the bud bud staying 1, top to save, with the liquid leaching 20 ~ 30min of green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l, oblique cutting imbeds bed soil, water permeable, keep ground moistening;

10) field management, timely weeding, waters, applies fertilizer and draining;

11) thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, height of seedling 4 ~ 6cm time thinning after emerging, and final singling during height of seedling 9 ~ 10cm, fills the gaps with seedlings in time to the place of being short of seedling;

12) the 6-7 month, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 32kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 22kg, or compound fertilizer 30kg;

13) pluck flower bud to prune, except seed field, squaring period bud is all extractd in plant, to reduce the consumption of nutrient, when branches and leaves clump crosses dense, cut centre and bottom branches and leaves suitably, make it ventilation and penetrating light, avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow prosperous;

14) built, as height of seedling 20 ~ 40cm, with bamboo branch or branch in the ranks built, climbs growth for plant;

15) extermination of disease and insect pest

Almost there is not any damage by disease and insect in cassia seed wild state, the damage by disease and insect found on artificial planting at present is also only accidental powdery mildew and eats seedling tender leaf insect black cutworm, snail;

Powdery mildew large area occurs annual by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, before rainy season set, replaces spray 15% triadimefon wetting powder 800 times of liquid or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid can control disease every 7 ~ 10d;

Black cutworm prevention and controls: (1) contains the phase of sending out employing light or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult at winter generation adult, (2) to cause harm serious plot, artificial capture method can be taked, (3) with 90% trichlorphon 0.5kg, add water 2 ~ 4kg, mixes vegetable leaf or fresh careless 50kg makes poison bait, every 667m2, use poison bait 10kg, carry out trapping larva, (4) are with 80% chlorophos wetting powder, 800 times of liquid or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots;

Snail harm prevention method: lime powder or use on the ground 8% go out snail spirit granule, dose 1.5g/m2 can play good preventive and therapeutic effect;

16) pick and process, plants latter 2 years in autumn Mo to winter, and when cassia seed growth stops fallen leaves dormancy, take root system, removing cauline leaf, cleans earth, dry after segment.

2. the implantation methods of cassia seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, seminal propagation must use seed then,

Seed germinating time is longer, and germination temperature is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, and germination thermophilic is about 20 DEG C.