CN106211983A

CN106211983A - A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato

Info

Publication number: CN106211983A
Application number: CN201610590317.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鄢铮; 王正荣
Original assignee: FUZHOU INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
Current assignee: FUZHOU INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
Priority date: 2016-07-25
Filing date: 2016-07-25
Publication date: 2016-12-14

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato, including whole ground furrow, basal dressing, the process of potato block, cuttage, lid Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds, liquid manure and pest management, results.The present invention, on the basis of traditional bare area planting type, uses mulching straw or the method for dry weeds, effectively reduces cultivation layer soil water evaporation, effectively improves fertilizer and water condition and the breathability of soil, provides good environment to the growth of potato block.Cover certain thickness grass can reach suppression furrow face length grass effect, during growth need not in weeding, labor intensity and the minimizing expense of field management can be alleviated, it is Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds because of additive again, can go back to field after Fu Laning, increase the soil organism, environmental protection is without any pollution.The stolon of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae is isolated by Caulis et Folium Oryzae with soil, it is to avoid stipes produces adventitious root, decreases lifting up of vines, turns over climing recruitment.Compared with the prior art, yield of sweet potato increases by more than 20% to the cultural method of the present invention.

Description

A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of arable farming method, be specifically related to improve the cultural method of south yield of sweet potato, belong to Field of plant growing technology.

Background technology

Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae (Ipomoea batatas Lam) is to ensure Chinese energy safety and the important crops of grain security, in state Interior total output is only second to Oryza sativa L., Semen Tritici aestivi and Semen Maydis, occupies the 4th.For obtaining higher effect of increasing production, many scientific research works in recent years Author has inquired into the cultivation technique utilizing mulch film (as covered sealed polyethylene plastic), wheat straw, wheat bran grass etc. as covering, tool There is the most precocious yield increasing effect, be therefore able to rapid popularization and application.But covered rearing with plastic film cultivation also exists consumable material money Source, to the factor of environment, (mulch film recovery difficult is high, and degraded difficulty is big, and residual quantity degradation time is long, after having a strong impact on Other crop yields continuous), when especially using white mulch film, weedy in film it is also consumed by many fertility, sunlight.South is many Rainwater, according to traditional planting type, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae easily produces adventitious root, if lifting up of vines will consume substantial amounts of not in time behind envelope ridge Photosynthate, reduces yield, if but the most repeatedly lifting up of vines, by raising cost of labor thus reduce income.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato, it utilizes certain thickness Caulis et Folium Oryzae (or dry weeds) as covering, by planting site all standing, can substantially reduce adventitious root produce and weeds in field grow, and in after Phase need not turn over climing lifting up of vines and loosen the soil, and the method had both improved yield of sweet potato, can reduce labor intensity again, and rotten grass returns field increases soil Organic matter, does not produce any pollution to environment.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps: 1. nursery, the most whole Ground plays furrow, 3. basal dressing, 4. cuttage and 5. cover grass, described step 5. cover grass be on furrow face cutting seedling be covered around Caulis et Folium Oryzae Or dry weeds.

Further, described 1. nursery step is: select High quality and diseases resistance potato seed, uses pierre nurturing staff；

The standard in described strong sprout is: adjacent two stipes spacing is short, stem is sturdy, blade is plump, without aerial root, and height of seedling is 20～30 centimetres, 4～7 leaves, the weight of 100 strain potato Seedlings is more than 500 grams.Wherein, spring potato is based on tuber germination nursery；Autumn Potato is planted to cut potato Seedling.

Further, the described furrow step that rises is the most wholely: select the convenient soil of irrigation and drainage, ploughing depth 30～35 lis Rice, and furrow are played when ground moistening, a width of 90～110 centimetres of described furrow, a height of 25～35 centimetres of furrow.

Further, described 3. basal dressing step is: open furrow, according to every mu, the base manure that following components is prepared is imposed on furrow Centre, then according to every mu of insecticide spraying following components preparation and antibacterial mixed solution, earthing afterwards, finally irrigates Water；

Described base manure is in heaps and naturally become thoroughly decomposed and form according to the mixing of following mass parts by following components: Chicken dung 800 ～1200 kilograms, bean cake 500～1000 kilograms, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 24～40 kilograms and Fructus Vitis viniferae 25～50 kilograms；Temperature is less than 25 Cover plastic foil when spending, after 20～30 days, remove plastic foil.(with Fructus Vitis viniferae mainly by its supracutaneous yeast, use It ferments, and other is organic)；

The 15% described preferred following components of avilamycin chlorpyrifos ec is formulated according to following mass fraction: poison with poison Ticks (14.8%), avilamycin (0.2%), ethyl acetate (12.0%), alkyl phenyl polyglycol ether (10.6%), butanol (6.O%) and tap water (51.6%).

The 30% first frost preferred following components of hymexazol water preparation is formulated according to following mass fraction: 24% hymexazol, first Frost 6% spirit and 70% water preparation.

Described insecticide and antibacterial mixed solution be: every 20～30 milliliter of 15% avilamycin chlorpyrifos ec and 20 ～30% first frost hymexazol water preparation and the 20～30 kg water mix homogeneously of 30 milliliters.

Further, when 4. cuttage step: the 2 above stipes oblique cuttings of joint of seedling are buried；And enter according to following specification Row is planted:

3000～3300 strains planted by spring potato every mu, and line-spacing is 20～25 cm x 100～110 centimetres；Autumn potato every mu cultivation Insert 3300～3500 strains, and line-spacing is 18～22 cm x 90～100 centimetres.

Further, the described grass that 5. covers is: in 25 days after 4. cuttage step, and first clamp limit is fertile, then in furrow face And furrow ditch covers the Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds that a layer thickness is 2-4 centimetre.Described contained side fertilizer application technique is that potato seed plants rear 20-25 My god, loosen the soil in conjunction with intertillage and ditch at furrow wall 1/2 height, compound fertilizer is executed earthing after in ditch.

Further, described cultural method is further comprising the steps of: 6. liquid manure and pest management step, in 4. cuttage During step, the same day of cuttage should water permeable or flood irrigation water in time；If running into many rainy days, field hydrops should be ditched in time and be drained；Raw Conventional pest control is carried out in Chang Qi.

Trophophase reaches about 140 days, so that it may results.

The present invention is a kind of applicable south Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae high-yield cultivating method, mainly on the basis of existing bare area planting type, According to growth of sweet potato characteristic, in inserting latter 30 days, fertile in conjunction with clamp limit, use and cover certain thickness Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds, can keep away Exempting from the generation of the climing adventitious root of stem, reduce cultivation layer soil water evaporation, reduce the growth of weeds, middle and late stage removes middle weeding from, Also without turning over climing lifting up of vines etc., after results, rotten grass can return Tian Chengfei, thus reaches to improve the effect of soil.

The present invention compared with the prior art, has the advantages that

(1) one of the present invention is suitable for south Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae high yield simple and laborsaving cultivation method, owing to using mulching straw or dry weeds Cultural method, effectively improve soil ventilative condition and keep humidity；The stolon of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae is isolated by Caulis et Folium Oryzae with soil, keeps away Exempt from stipes and produce adventitious root, decrease lifting up of vines, turn over climing recruitment；The light shining furrow face is blocked, and decreases soil weeds raw Elongate member, thus reach to suppress the effect of furrow face length grass, the manpower and the cost of labor that save weeding in middle and late stage field (are gone back Can avoid using the chemical herbicide that ambient soil causes greatly pollution), reduce labor intensity and the amount of labour；And, Caulis et Folium Oryzae or weeds can go back to field after rotting, and increase the soil organism, environment friendly and pollution-free.

(2) heat and moisture preserving, keeps soil from packing together: by lid grass, can improve soil moisture with comparing, it is to avoid soil face after rain Soil crust and cultivation layer soil compaction, increase breathability；Compared with conventional covering with plastic film, greatly reduce environmental pollution.

This Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae of the present invention covers grass high-yield cultivating method, is the systematized yield-increasing cultivation side of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae, a set of applicable south Method, this method can reach about 3246.19 kilograms in Shi Bu village, city gate town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, every per mu yield, every per mu yield ratio Conventional bare area increases by more than 20.67%.The present invention uses the raising being conducive to yield of sweet potato, reduces production cost, from root In basis, improve the economic benefit producing Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae.The inventive method is used not produce any pollution (without using ambient soil Cause the chemical herbicide of greatly pollution and without using mulch film, it is to avoid chemical herbicide and to cover vinyon thin The very big pollution that ambient soil is caused by film).

Detailed description of the invention

For the cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato of the openest present invention, below knot specific embodiment is to this Invention is illustrated.

(1) detailed description of the invention

A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato, comprises the following steps: 1. nursery, the most whole ground furrow, 3. execute Base manure, 4. cuttage and 5. cover grass, described step 5. cover grass be on furrow face cutting seedling be covered around Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds.

Described 1. nursery step is: select High quality and diseases resistance potato seed, uses pierre nurturing staff；

The standard in described strong sprout is: internode is short, stem is sturdy, blade is plump, without aerial root, and height of seedling is 20～30 centimetres, 4 ～7 leaves, the weight of 100 strain potato Seedlings is more than 500 grams.Wherein, spring potato is based on tuber germination nursery；Autumn potato is planted to cut potato Seedling It is inserted as main.

The described furrow step that rises is the most wholely: the selection convenient soil of irrigation and drainage, ploughing depth 30～35 centimetres, and at soil Furrow are played time moistening, a width of 90～110 centimetres of described furrow, a height of 25～35 centimetres of furrow.

Described 3. basal dressing step is: open furrow, imposes in the middle of furrow, then according to every mu by the base manure that following components is prepared According to every mu of insecticide spraying following components preparation and antibacterial mixed solution, earthing afterwards, finally water permeable；

When 4. cuttage step: 3000～3300 strains planted by spring potato every mu, and line-spacing is 20～25 cm x 100～110 Centimetre；3300～3500 strains planted by autumn potato every mu, and line-spacing is 18～22 cm x 90～100 centimetres.

Described 5. covering grass is: in 25 days after 4. cuttage step, and first clamp limit is fertile, then covers in furrow face and furrow ditch Lid a layer thickness is the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of 2-4 centimetre or dry weeds.

Described contained side fertilizer is preferably special fertilizer for sweet potato or above-mentioned self-control base manure.

Described cultural method is further comprising the steps of: 6. liquid manure and pest management step, when 4. cuttage step, and skewer The same day inserted should water permeable or flood irrigation water in time；If running into many rainy days, field hydrops should be ditched in time and be drained；Carry out in trophophase Conventional pest control.

Trophophase reaches about 140 days, so that it may results.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

By in heaps to Chicken dung 800 kilograms, bean cake 500 kilograms, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 24 kilograms and Fructus Vitis viniferae 50 kilograms mixing, from So becoming thoroughly decomposed, in digest process, if covering plastic foil when temperature is less than 25 DEG C, after 20 days, removing plastic foil.

Embodiment 2

As different from Example 1, the present embodiment uses Chicken dung 800 kilograms+potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1000 kilograms+bean cake 30 kilograms+Fructus Vitis viniferae 30 kilograms, if covering plastic foil when temperature is less than 25 degree, removes plastic foil after 25 days.

Embodiment 3

By in heaps to Chicken dung 1200 kilograms, bean cake 1000 kilograms, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40 kilograms and Fructus Vitis viniferae 25 kilograms mixing, Naturally becoming thoroughly decomposed, in digest process, if covering plastic foil when temperature is less than 25 DEG C, after 30 days, removing plastic foil.

Embodiment 4

A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato, comprises the following steps: 1. nursery, the most whole ground furrow, 3. execute Base manure, 4. cuttage, 5. covering grass and 6. liquid manure and pest management, results, 5. described step covers grass cutting seedling on furrow face It is covered around Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds.

Specific as follows:

1. potato seed processes

(1) seed selection: select the sweet potato variety through authorization, such as Kingsoft 57 kind；

(2) potato seed storage and selecting: by cool place disposed within for potato seed, be dried, ventilation is uniformly spread out, strictly choose except sick rotten Potato；

(3) nursery: use potato block nursery, stipes expanding propagation.

Play furrow the most wholely

Select benign climate, have abundant water resources, the soil (without herbicide residue) of irrigation and drainage convenience, abundant manpower, short texture, When ground moistening, play furrow, furrow band furrow width 0.9m with Tilling and ridging implement.

3. basal dressing

Opening furrow fertilising, the base manure in embodiment 1-3 after becoming thoroughly decomposed imposes in the middle of furrow, with 15% avilamycin chlopyrifos breast Oil 25ml+30% first frost hymexazol water preparation 25ml is watered 30kg and uniformly sprays rear earthing, irrigates with river or stream or pond water.

4. cuttage

Using oblique cutting, every young plant two stipes that bury to plant, spacing in the rows 20cm, mu plants 3300 strains；Spread fertilizer over the fields by 30kg/ mu consumption Compound fertilizer.

5. lid Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds

Covering with Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds, the thickness of grass layer is about 2cm.

6. liquid manure and pest management, results.

(1) profit of watering soil promotees Seedling

Cuttage was watered and should be irrigated the same day.Taking the circumstances into consideration to water in the future, if soil shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, should water a water in time, ground moistening is i.e. Can, may advantageously facilitate sweet potato leaves and stems growth.

(2) weeding

Field weeding is carried out in conjunction with clamp limit fertilizer.Furrow face after middle and late stage mulching straw or dry weeds, seldom grows weeds.

Herbicidal methods: when a small amount of weeds all long unearthed faces, select the weather of fine day, artificial weeding.

(3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Pest and disease damage is relied mainly on prevention, and controlling is auxiliary policy.

Prevention and controls:

Disease: select anti-stem rot of sweet potato, the improved seeds of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pestilence.

Insect pest: for field primary pest gelechiid, Prodenia litura, tired noctuid and cylas formicarius etc., use and place twill Noctuid and cylas formicarius property lure a bottle insect-killing trapping.When field worm amount is big, available 5% methyl avilamycin water dispersible granules 1000 Times liquid spraying parasite killing, every 10d sprays 1 time, continuous 2 times.

(4) results

Trophophase reaches 135～150 days, so that it may results.

Embodiment 5

The standard in described strong sprout is: internode is short, stem is sturdy, blade is plump, without aerial root, and height of seedling is 20 centimetres, 4 Leaf, the weight of 100 strain potato Seedlings is more than 500 grams.Wherein, spring potato is based on tuber germination nursery；Autumn potato with cut potato Seedling plant into Main.

Potato seed processes

(1) seed selection: select the sweet potato variety through authorization, such as banyan potato 756 kind；

(3) nursery: use potato block nursery, stipes expanding propagation.

The described furrow step that rises is the most wholely: the selection convenient soil of irrigation and drainage, ploughing depth 30 centimetres, and at ground moistening Time play furrow, a width of 90 centimetres of described furrow, a height of 25 centimetres of furrow.

Described insecticide and antibacterial mixed solution be: every 20 milliliter of 15% avilamycin chlorpyrifos ec and 20～30 30% first frost hymexazol water preparation and 20 kg water mix homogeneously of milliliter.

When 4. cuttage step: the 2 above stipes oblique cuttings of joint of seedling are buried；And plant according to following specification:

3000 strains planted by spring potato every mu, and line-spacing is 20 centimetres；3300 strains planted by autumn potato every mu, and line-spacing is 18 cm x 90 centimetres.

Described 5. mulching straw or dry weeds are: in 25 days after 4. cuttage step, and first clamp limit is fertile, then at furrow Face and furrow ditch cover the Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds that a layer thickness is 2 centimetres.

Trophophase reaches about 140 days, so that it may results.

Embodiment 6

The standard in described strong sprout is: internode is short, stem is sturdy, blade is plump, without aerial root, and height of seedling is 30 centimetres, 7 Leaf, the weight of 100 strain potato Seedlings is more than 500 grams.Wherein, spring potato is based on tuber germination nursery；Autumn potato with cut potato Seedling plant into Main.

Potato seed processes

(1) seed selection: select the sweet potato variety through authorization, such as banyan potato 819 kind；

(3) nursery: use potato block nursery, stipes expanding propagation.

The described furrow step that rises is the most wholely: the selection convenient soil of irrigation and drainage, ploughing depth 35 centimetres, and at ground moistening Time play furrow, a width of 110 centimetres of described furrow, a height of 35 centimetres of furrow.

Described base manure is in heaps and naturally become thoroughly decomposed and form according to the mixing of following mass parts by following components: Chicken dung 1200 Kilogram, bean cake 1000 kilograms, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40 kilograms and Fructus Vitis viniferae 50 kilograms；Plastic foil is covered when temperature is less than 25 degree, 30 days Rear removing plastic foil.(with Fructus Vitis viniferae mainly by its supracutaneous yeast, fermenting with it, other is organic)；

Described insecticide and antibacterial mixed solution be: every 30 milliliter of 15% avilamycin chlorpyrifos ec and 30 milliliters 30% first frost hymexazol water preparation and 30 kg water mix homogeneously.

3300 strains planted by spring potato every mu, and line-spacing is 25 cm x 110 centimetres；Autumn potato every mu plants 3500 strains, and line-spacing It it is 22 cm x 100 centimetres.

Described 5. mulching straw or dry weeds are: in 25 days after 4. cuttage step, and first clamp limit is fertile, then at furrow Face and furrow ditch cover the Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds that a layer thickness is 4 centimetres.

Trophophase reaches about 140 days, so that it may results.

Embodiment described above be only further elucidated with the present invention rather than limit the present invention, as long as use equivalent or The technical scheme that the form of equivalent transformation is obtained, all should fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. the cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps: 1. nursery, the most whole Play furrow, 3. basal dressing, 4. cuttage and 5. cover grass, described step 5. cover grass be on furrow face cutting seedling be covered around Caulis et Folium Oryzae or Dry weeds.

The cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described 1. nursery Step is: select High quality and diseases resistance potato block, uses pierre to cultivate seedling, when sprout grows to more than 25 centimetres, from basal part of stem Cut off, select the strong sprout of following standard as seedling；

The standard in described strong sprout is: adjacent two stipes spacing are short, stem is sturdy, blade is plump and without aerial root, and height of seedling be 20～ 30 centimetres, there are 4～7 leaves.

The cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described the most wholely Playing furrow step is: selects the convenient soil of irrigation and drainage to play furrow, ploughing depth 30～35 centimetres wholely, and ditches when ground moistening Furrow, a width of 90～110 centimetres of described furrow, a height of 25～35 centimetres of furrow.

The cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: 3. described executes base Fertile step is: open furrow, and first every mu of base manure applying following components preparation, imposes in the middle of furrow, and then every mu sprays following components and joins The insecticide of system and antibacterial mixed solution, earthing afterwards, finally water permeable；

Described base manure is in heaps and naturally become thoroughly decomposed and form according to the mixing of following mass parts by following components: Chicken dung 800～ 1200 kilograms, bean cake 500～1000 kilograms, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 24～40 kilograms and Fructus Vitis viniferae 25～50 kilograms；

Described insecticide and antibacterial mixed solution are made up of following components mix homogeneously: every 20～30 milliliters of percent mass are dense The first frost hymexazol water preparation and 20 that the avilamycin chlorpyrifos ec that degree is 15%, 20～30 milliliters of mass percentage concentration are 30% ～30 kg water.

The cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in 4. cuttage step Time: according to following specification, the 2 above stipes oblique cuttings of joint of seedling are buried；

3000～3300 strains planted by spring potato every mu, and line-spacing is 20～25 cm x 100～110 centimetres；Autumn potato every mu is planted 3300～3500 strains, and line-spacing is 18～22 cm x 90～100 centimetres.

The cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: 5. described covers grass For: in 25 days after 4. cuttage step, first clamp limit is fertile, and then on furrow face, around cutting seedling, furrow cover a layer thickness and are The Caulis et Folium Oryzae of 2-4 centimetre or dry weeds.

The cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: 5. described covers grass Time, also cover, at furrow ditch, the Caulis et Folium Oryzae or dry weeds that a layer thickness is 2-4 centimetre.

8. according to the cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato described in any one in claim 1-7, it is characterised in that: Described cultural method is further comprising the steps of: 6. liquid manure and pest management step, and this step is as follows: in the whole mistake of cultivation Cheng Zhong, if running into many rainy days, field hydrops should be ditched in time and be drained, and carries out conventional pest control.

The cultural method of south yield of sweet potato can be improved the most according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that: in 4. cuttage During step, the same day of cuttage should water permeable or flood irrigation water in time.