CN103988690A - Breeding method for shortening productive phase of licorice root seeds - Google Patents
Breeding method for shortening productive phase of licorice root seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988690A CN103988690A CN201410234155.1A CN201410234155A CN103988690A CN 103988690 A CN103988690 A CN 103988690A CN 201410234155 A CN201410234155 A CN 201410234155A CN 103988690 A CN103988690 A CN 103988690A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for shortening the productive phase of licorice root seeds. The breeding method includes the steps of land selection and preparation, breeding material selection and treatment, transplanting, fertilization and management, weeding and water and waterlogging prevention, artificial supplementary pollination, growth control and increase of the set of fruit, pest control, overwintering protection and timely seed collecting. According to the method, a licorice root old root which is more than five years old serves as a breeding female parent, a stolon is cut and transplanted, the productive phase of the licorice root seeds is shortened, and the yield and the quality of the licorice root seeds are improved through the methods that the growth environment of licorice roots is improved, young shoots are pinched off and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, relate in particular to a kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase.
Background technology
Radix Glycyrrhizae is that pulse family belongs to herbaceos perennial, for one of common Chinese medicine material, have saying of " ten side's nine grass ", has useful gas bowl spares, and relieving spasm to stop pain, moistens the lung and relieve the cough, purging intense heat and detonicating, effect of coordinating the drug actions of a prescription; And licorice is widely used in the additive of tobacco, cosmetics, food etc.Along with the increasing of the deep of medical research and exploitation dynamics, the market demand of Radix Glycyrrhizae is also strengthening year by year, and market prospects are more and more wide.But traditional Radix Glycyrrhizae, to gather wild resource as main, has been caused serious environmental disruption, based on the enforcement of conceding the land to forestry policy, the collection of wild licorice is restricted, and artificial planting Radix Glycyrrhizae industry forms gradually, has solved the market demand of Radix Glycyrrhizae.
At present, in artificial planting Radix Glycyrrhizae industry, its seed source is in wild licorice, but excavating continuously for many years causes wild licorice resource to be subject to serious destruction, and especially main root more than diameter 1.0cm is fewer and feweri, and the supply of Glycyrrhiza Seeds in serious threat.In the face of the increasingly serious present situation in short supply of Glycyrrhiza Seeds, relevant enterprise has carried out biological engineering's test, but because seed growing technology is lack of standardization, and low, the ropy problem of seed production can not meet the demand of Radix Glycyrrhizae provenance all the time.
In recent years, along with the fast development of tissue culture technique, Radix Glycyrrhizae tissue cultivating and seedling technology more and more receives publicity, as patent CN101265462A discloses a kind of cultural method of licorice cell industrialization, its by Glycyrrhiza Seeds after sterilization, be inoculated in medium and be cultured to and sprout, segment was cultivated for 5 generations and is obtained Glycyrrhiza Seeds tissue juice again, can carry out large-scale production, although solved the problem of provenance rareness, but tissue culture technique cost of investment is high, can not be accepted by great majority plantation family.There is for tissue culture technique the problem that cost is high, patent CN103503677A discloses a kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds output and quality, it is by technology such as planting density control, fertilizing management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, to reach the object that improves output and quality, but adopt traditional implantation methods to breed, have the long problem of kind of cycle of producing, cause continuously land fertility to reduce after plantation, disease increases.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: overcome existing Radix Glycyrrhizae provenance in short supply, breeding cycle is long, the problem that cost is high, provides a kind of and shortens Radix Glycyrrhizae productive phase, and cost is low, high and the measured Glycyrrhiza Seeds breeding method of matter of seed production, taking the old root of more than 5 years Radix Glycyrrhizae as maternal, adopt stolon segment to transplant means, and by improving growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis environment, Pest managements etc., reach and shorten Radix Glycyrrhizae productive phase object.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase, comprise: 1) selection of land and whole ground, 2) breeding material selects and processes, 3) transplant, 4) fertilizing management, 5) weeding and waterproof prevention waterlogging, 6) artificial supplementary pollination, 7) control growth and flower and fruit protecting, 8) pest control, 9) survive the winter cold-proof, 10) collect seed in good time, it is characterized in that: described step 1) in selection of land and whole ground, it is that seed field is independent that selection of land requires, nothing pollination crop in 300～500m around, seed field physical features is smooth, it is convenient to irrigate, draining is good, soil is that alkalescent or neutrality are advisable, require to rake after ploughing deeply 20～25cm wholely, and make the Ancient-sacrifice of wide 3m.
Described step 2) breed in material selection and processing, in (November) or spring (April) in the fall, take the old root of more than 5 years Radix Glycyrrhizae, stolon is cut and is cut into the section of 30cm, imbed water conservation in wet soil or wet sand.
Described step 3) transplant, first press line-spacing 40cm machinery and ditch, water and spread a small amount of ash, by the spacing in the rows of 30cm by the rhizome yaw cutting in ditch, then earthing the soil moisture conservation of raking.
Described step 4) in fertilizing management, fertilizer is any one in farmyard manure, superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, fertilizing amount is: farmyard manure 1000kg/ mu, superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 10kg/ mu.
Described step 7) control in growth and flower and fruit protecting; Radix Glycyrrhizae enters the 3rd year; grow vigorous; take the method for pinching off young shoots; suppress its prosperous length and make its multiple side shoot, strengthen the amount of blooming, be the Sheng phase that Radix Glycyrrhizae yields positive results annual 7～August; spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～3 times, to reach the object of flower and fruit protecting.
The present invention, in conjunction with the biological nature of Radix Glycyrrhizae, adopts the technological means of segment cuttage, reaches the object that shortens Radix Glycyrrhizae productive phase, and compared with existing Glycyrrhiza Seeds breeding method, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) adopt the old root of more than 5 years Radix Glycyrrhizae for breeding material, because it has completed vegetative growth phase and has entered blossoming and bearing fruit the phase of reproductive growth, after being transplanted, Second Year just can be solid, effectively shortened the breeding time limit.
2) while transplanting the old undercut section of Radix Glycyrrhizae, machinery spreads a small amount of ash after ditching, watering, and to adjust plantation ditch acid-base value, makes Radix Glycyrrhizae segment in neutrality or weakly alkaline environment, meets growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis condition, improves output and quality.
3) take the method for pinching off young shoots, suppress the growth of Radix Glycyrrhizae stem stalk, make its multiple side shoot, and the Sheng phase of yielding positive results in Radix Glycyrrhizae, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～3 times, strengthen the amount of blooming, increase output.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described further.
Embodiment 1
Experimental field: 10 mu, Shou Yang town, Longxi County, Gansu.
Experimental field weather conditions: experimental field 1800 meters of height above sea level, 7.7 DEG C of year-round average temperatures, annual rainfall 450 ㎜, 145 days frost-free seasons.
Experimental field soil condition: be experimental field yellow soil, alkalescent, soil layer is deep, has irrigation conditions.
A kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase; comprise: 1) selection of land and whole ground, 2) breed material select and process, 3) transplant, 4) fertilizing management, 5) weeding and waterproof prevention waterlogging, 6) artificial supplementary pollination, 7) control growth and flower and fruit protecting, 8) pest control, 9) survive the winter cold-proof, 10) collect seed in good time, its concrete steps are as follows:
1) selection of land and whole ground: Radix Glycyrrhizae has happiness arid climate, cold-resistant, be afraid of waterlogging, strong adaptability, the characteristics such as strong stress resistance, and adopt artificial or honeybee propagation pollination, therefore selection of land requirement is independent for seed field, and around 300～500m is interior without equal pollination crop, seed field physical features is smooth, it is convenient to irrigate, and draining is good, and soil is that alkalescent or neutrality are advisable; Require to rake after ploughing deeply 20～25cm wholely, and make the Ancient-sacrifice of wide 3m.
2) breed material select and process: growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis for many years after, because it has completed vegetative growth phase and has entered blossoming and bearing fruit the phase of reproductive growth, after being transplanted, Second Year just can be solid, therefore,, in November in the first year or April then, take the old root of more than 5 years Radix Glycyrrhizae as breeding material, but old root transplanting production cost is high, in order to reduce costs, old the Radix Glycyrrhizae taking root stolon is cut and is cut into the section of 30cm, imbed water conservation in wet soil or wet sand.
3) transplant: first press line-spacing 40cm machinery and ditch, water and spread a small amount of ash, by the spacing in the rows of 30cm by the rhizome yaw cutting in ditch, then earthing the soil moisture conservation of raking.
4) fertilizing management: transplant first 20～30 days, apply fertilizer after deep ploughing seed field, fertilizer is selected any one in farmyard manure, superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and fertilizing amount is: farmyard manure 1000kg/ mu, superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 10kg/ mu.
5) weeding and waterproof prevention waterlogging: after the old undercut section of Radix Glycyrrhizae is transplanted, look the timely weeding of weed growth situation the first year, after transplanting, avoid irrigating, look soil moisture content June, can irrigate 1 time as arid too, later 3 months is the rainy season of Gansu and northwest, for fear of rotten, generally do not water, draining will be noted in the plot of hypsography low-lying; Transplant the 2nd year, have 50% plant to start to blossom and bear fruit; The 3rd year, all plant were all solid, just can receive continuously 3～5 years seeds.
6) artificial supplementary pollination: adopt the pollinating process of putting the auxiliary Radix Glycyrrhizae of honeybee mode.
7) control growth and flower and fruit protecting: Radix Glycyrrhizae enters the 3rd year, grows vigorous, takes the method for pinching off young shoots; suppress its prosperous length and make its multiple side shoot, strengthen the amount of blooming, be the Sheng phase that Radix Glycyrrhizae yields positive results annual 7～August; spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～3 times, to reach the object of flower and fruit protecting.
8) pest control: for Radix Glycyrrhizae yields positive results the phase, spray flolimat etc. and prevent aphid and the harm of silk worm Jia worm at the beginning of 6 the end of month～8 month.
9) survive the winter cold-proof: the main root of Radix Glycyrrhizae and horizontal walk stem form in winter then survive the winter bud and bud, ensure safe overwintering, the bud of surviving the winter should be at soil layer 2～5cm place, and with stalk or straw screen or mat covering and heat insulating.
10) collect seed: transplant beginning in the 2nd year, just can collect seed, in the time of Radix Glycyrrhizae pod flavescence look, gather in the crops in time, too early seed blighted grain is many, after being drenched with rain late, seed blackening all affects quality in good time.
Adopt embodiment of the present invention to carry out Radix Glycyrrhizae breeding, its output is as following table 1.
Table 1-transplants the time limit and seed production
| Transplant the time limit | The 2nd year | The 3rd year | The 4th year | The 5th year |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 18 | 45 | 50 | 48 |
Can find out from upper table 1, transplanting the 2nd annual production is 50% left and right of output after 3 years, illustrates that transplanting approximately has 50% plant to start on the 2nd year solid, and the 3rd year starts, and plant is all solid.And the contrast output of the 3rd, 4,5 years, find the 4th year high compared with the 3rd annual production, illustrating the 3rd year still has part plant in vegetative growth phase, the 4th year high compared with the 5th annual production, its reason may be: along with the increase of Planting Years, the atrophy gradually of the condition such as soil property and fertilizer efficiency, damage by disease and insect increases, and has reduced output.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is shortened the mating system of Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase, comprise: 1) selection of land and whole ground, 2) breeding material selects and processes, 3) transplant, 4) fertilizing management, 5) weeding and waterproof prevention waterlogging, 6) artificial supplementary pollination, 7) control growth and flower and fruit protecting, 8) pest control, 9) survive the winter cold-proof, 10) collect seed in good time, it is characterized in that: described step 1) in selection of land and whole ground, it is that seed field is independent that selection of land requires, nothing pollination crop in 300～500m around, seed field physical features is smooth, it is convenient to irrigate, draining is good, soil is that alkalescent or neutrality are advisable, require to rake after ploughing deeply 20～25cm wholely, and make the Ancient-sacrifice of wide 3m.
2. a kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) breed in material selection and processing, in November in the first year or April then, take the old root of more than 5 years Radix Glycyrrhizae, stolon is cut and is cut into the section of 30cm, imbed water conservation in wet soil or wet sand.
3. a kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3) transplant in, first press line-spacing 40cm machinery trench digging, water and spread a small amount of ash, by the spacing in the rows of 30cm by the rhizome yaw cutting in ditch, then earthing the soil moisture conservation of raking.
4. a kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 4) in fertilizing management, fertilizer is any one in farmyard manure, superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, fertilizing amount is: farmyard manure 1000kg/ mu, superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 10kg/ mu.
5. a kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that: described step 7) control in growth and flower and fruit protecting; Radix Glycyrrhizae enters the 3rd year; grow vigorous, take the method for pinching off young shoots, suppress its prosperous length and make its multiple side shoot; the increasing amount of blooming; be the Sheng phase that Radix Glycyrrhizae yields positive results annual 7～August, sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～3 times, to reach the object of flower and fruit protecting.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105557285A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 甘肃巨龙供销（集团）股份有限公司 | Accelerated breeding method for licorice seeds |
| CN106376337A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 甘肃巨龙供销（集团）股份有限公司 | Method for promoting flowering and fruiting of liquorice root |
| CN106472061A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-03-08 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | A kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae cuttage breeding method |
| CN106665106A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-05-17 | 滁州恒盛农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for liquorices |
| CN111602562A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-01 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所 | Pruning method of fructus amomi |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105557285A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 甘肃巨龙供销（集团）股份有限公司 | Accelerated breeding method for licorice seeds |
| CN106376337A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 甘肃巨龙供销（集团）股份有限公司 | Method for promoting flowering and fruiting of liquorice root |
| CN106472061A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-03-08 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | A kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae cuttage breeding method |
| CN106665106A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-05-17 | 滁州恒盛农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for liquorices |
| CN111602562A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-01 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所 | Pruning method of fructus amomi |
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Inventor after: Yue Yun Inventor after: Cao Zhanfeng Inventor after: Wu Yongtao Inventor after: Zhou Hai Inventor after: Fang Zisen Inventor after: Wang Qi Inventor after: Zhou Ruifeng Inventor before: Zhou Hai Inventor before: Fang Zisen Inventor before: Wang Qi Inventor before: Zhou Ruifeng |
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