CN105052506A - Plantation method for improving liquorice seed quality - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plantation method for improving the liquorice seed quality. The method comprises the following steps: 1, seed selection and seed treatment; 2, seed field selection and field treatment; 3, sowing and density control; 4, irrigation and fertilization management; 5, artificial supplementary pollination, flower thinning and fruit thinning; 6, integrated control over disease, pest and weed; 7, seed harvesting and storage. The method has the advantages that by means of the plantation method for improving the liquorice seed quality, the purity, output and quality of liquorice seeds can be improved.

Description

A kind of implantation methods improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality

Technical field

The present invention relates to crop-planting method field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality.

Background technology

Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza) is the herbaceos perennial of pulse family, is traditional traditional Chinese medicine, of many uses, and have saying of " ten sides nine grass ", be described as " state is old ", its medicinal part is licorice and subterranean stem mainly, is one of traditional four large traditional Chinese medicines of China.The main active of Radix Glycyrrhizae: glycyrrhizic acid has antibechic, protects the liver, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic effects, and has stronger inhibitory action to growth of cancer cells, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), also can cook food additives and perfumery base; Licoflavone has antiviral, anti-oxidant, whitening effect significantly.Owing to having been widely used at medicine and food processing industry field tool, be the best-selling product on domestic and international market for many years always.

For a long time, with market development, Radix Glycyrrhizae demand constantly increases, and the consumption of Radix Glycyrrhizae wild resource is day by day serious, and global wild licorice resource reduces about 70%, but as China and the country of Central Asia of main material production state, due to long-term unauthorized and excessive mining, wild resource reduces year by year, and the wild plant resource in some areas is also extremely near exhausted, China's wild licorice resource reduces 80%, endangered edge.Also destroy the benign cycle of Radix Glycyrrhizae place grassland ecosystem, cause natural grassland large area to degenerate and desertify, this causes the great attention of Chinese Government already simultaneously.2000, country was classified as wild licorice as national two class protection species in imminent danger.

In recent years, country, in order to protect wild licorice resource and ecotope, puts into effect the artificial planting that Radix Glycyrrhizae is extensively promoted in relevant policies support energetically.But because the seed source of current Radix Glycyrrhizae artificial planting is mainly wild seed, provenance mixes, to produce the good buckwheat of medicinal material uneven, cause the quality of artificial planting Radix Glycyrrhizae to ensure.Simultaneously because xcessive digging causes wild resource to reduce, also wild seed resource is just caused significantly to reduce, and along with long-term nature evolution, wild seed kind also has certain difference, the quality and yield of seed is all greatly affected, and just current wild licorice seed production can not meet the demand in market completely.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides a kind of implantation methods improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of implantation methods improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality, comprises the following steps:

1) seed selection and seed treatment: late August to early September is maturing stage of wild Glycyrrhiza Uralensis seed, and gather pure wild Glycyrrhiza Uralensis seed, seed, after the process of mechanical disruption mode, makes its percentage of seedgermination be more than or equal to 90%;

2) selection of seed-plot and land treatment systems: seed-plot selects loam, sandy loam or sand ground, and soil organic matter content is 0.8%-2.0%;

3) control of sowing and density: in the first tenday period of a month in mid-April in spring to May, by seed-plot tilling depth 30-35cm, and carry out processing wholely, make soil reach state to be broadcast; Within 1-2 days, carry out drug blockage weeding to soil before sowing, medicine is pendimethalin, adopts bar broadcast mode, sowing depth 1.5-2cm when usage amount is the sowing of 4.5kg/ mu, sowing line-spacing 50cm, seeding quantity 1-1.5kg/ mu, and keep a full stand of seedings density 1.5-2 ten thousand plants/acre;

4) to pour water and fertilizing management: adopt water-saving drip irrigation, after planting ooze Miao Shui, earth's surface is dripped, timely moisturizing in 2-3 days, makes field capacity be 70%-80%, guarantee that Radix Glycyrrhizae emerges use water; Irrigate seedling stage is irrigate once for 25-30 days, the organic base fertilizer of cattle and sheep ight soil macerating slaking is executed before sowing, the sowing later stage pours water once, applies fertilizer once, whole process imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, Radix Glycyrrhizae special fertilizer, execute potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg/ mu, urea 12kg/ mu, Radix Glycyrrhizae special fertilizer 20kg/ mu the whole year, water and fertilizer management measure annual is afterwards consistent, within the 4th year, rises, enrich potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu flowering stage pregnant flower bud every year, need by the end of September every year to fill with sufficient water of surviving the winter;

5) artificial supplementary pollination and flower and fruit thinning: adopt the mode of putting honeybee and manual intervention to assist the pollinating process of Radix Glycyrrhizae, carry out artificial flower thinning in the florescence 7-8 month of Radix Glycyrrhizae, carry out artificial fruit thinning in 8-9 month fruit phase of Radix Glycyrrhizae;

6) disease pest and weed integrated control: monitor damage by disease and insect phenomenon in whole breeding time, take prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time, in conjunction with physical method control, in phase of the yielding positive results keypoint control insect pest in June to August, the physical method of bio-chemical control and light trap is adopted to prevent and treat; Crop smothering adopts to carry out interim manually pulling out mode in whole breeding time, weeds bloom produce seeds before pull out; After seed collection, ground plant is sliced off, then take burning method the plant of cutting off and weeds to be burnt, reduce the disease pest and weed of Second Year;

7) seed collection and preservation: from the 4th year, annual August-September fructescence, according to fruit pod maturity, when fruit pod becomes sepia or dark-brown, one or many fruit picking, and by fruit picking roguing, effectively controlling seed purity, seed enters drying, ventilation, the preservation of shady and cool storehouse after treatment.

Further, above-mentioned a kind of implantation methods improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality, described step 2) in, seed-plot selects husky territory.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: a kind of implantation methods improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality provided by the invention, can improve Glycyrrhiza Seeds Yield and quality, purity.

Embodiment

embodiment 1:

Improve an implantation methods for Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality, comprise the following steps:

(1) seed selection and seed treatment, ensures the purity of Glycyrrhiza Seeds:

The first tenday period of a month in late August to September are maturing stages of wild Glycyrrhiza Uralensis seed, obvious, that individual relative is healthy and strong, proterties the is pure plant of varietal characteristic is selected to carry out collect seed (band fruit pod), fruit pod through drying, rolling, selection by winnowing, clean plant after, adopt mechanical disruption mode process Glycyrrhiza Seeds, make its percentage of seedgermination reach more than 90%;

(2) selection of seed-plot and land treatment systems, improves the output of seed:

The preferred husky territory of seed-plot, soil organic matter content at 1-2%, the arable land that subterranean water level is more shallow, topsoil depth 80-120 centimetre, is beneficial to the growth of Radix Glycyrrhizae root system, and then promotes the growth of plant on the ground, improves the output of seed;

(3) control of sowing and density, improves the yield and quality of Glycyrrhiza Seeds:

The first tenday period of a month in mid-April in spring to May, by seed-plot tilling depth 30-35 centimetre, and carry out processing wholely, soil is made to reach state to be broadcast, drug blockage weeding was carried out to soil in 1-2 days before sowing, bar broadcast mode is adopted during sowing, sowing depth 1.5-2 centimetre, sowing line-spacing 50 centimetres, seeding quantity 1-1.5 thousand grams/acre, keep a full stand of seedings density 1.5-2 ten thousand plants/acre, from the 4th year, according to the Field densities space after emerging, suitably carry out cutting off part slight of stature plant, promote the photosynthesis producing seeds plant, thus improve the quality of seed;

(4) to pour water and fertilizing management, improve Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality:

Adopt water-saving drip irrigation, after planting ooze Miao Shui, earth's surface must be dripped, timely moisturizing in 2-3 days, guarantee that Radix Glycyrrhizae emerges with water, seedling stage irrigates according to soil and growth of cereal crop seedlings situation, within 25-30 days, irrigates once, follows and not non-irrigatedly not drip, dripping must be saturating, except executing except organic base fertilizer before sowing, it is fertile that a water one is followed in later stage fertilising, omnidistance to execute potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, Radix Glycyrrhizae special fertilizer, backward annual water and fertilizer management measure is basically identical, within 4th year, rise, also need to enrich to topdress flowering stage every year pregnant flower bud, pregnant flower bud blooms to ensure enough nutrition can be had to promote by Radix Glycyrrhizae.Annual foot of must filling with by the end of September is survived the winter water, prevent Radix Glycyrrhizae horizontal walk rhizome, main root generation freeze injury;

(5) artificial supplementary pollination and flower and fruit thinning, improves seed production and maturity:

The mode of putting peak and manual intervention is adopted to assist the pollinating process of Radix Glycyrrhizae, suitably artificial flower thinning is carried out at the florescence (the 7-8 month) of Radix Glycyrrhizae, increase the absorption nutrient of titbit and the space of sunlight, suitably carry out artificial fruit thinning in the liquorice fruit phase (the 8-9 month), thus ensure output and the maturity of Glycyrrhiza Seeds;

(6) disease pest and weed integrated control, improves the quality of Glycyrrhiza Seeds:

Monitor damage by disease and insect phenomenon at any time in whole breeding time, take prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time.Do not use the chemical pesticide kind forbidden in traditional Chinese medicine GAP production, and prevent and treat in conjunction with physical method, ensure that institute produces the fully natural green quality of Glycyrrhiza Seeds, in phase of yielding positive results keypoint control insect pest month in and month out in June to 8, main physical method such as employing bio-chemical control and light trap etc. is prevented and treated;

Crop smothering is also the factor directly affecting Glycyrrhiza Seeds output, mainly carry out interim manually pulling out in whole breeding time, emphasis be weeds bloom produce seeds before pull out, effectively can control the quantity of weeds, also damage by disease and insect source can be reduced, increase the growing space of Radix Glycyrrhizae, and then improve the seed output and quality of Glycyrrhiza Seeds;

After seed collection, ground plant can be sliced off, then just go burning method the plant of cutting off and weeds to be burnt, the disease pest and weed in the coming year can be reduced, also indirectly improve the quality of Glycyrrhiza Seeds;

(7) seed collection and preservation:

From the 4th year, annual August-September fructescence, according to the fruit picking of fruit pod maturity one or many, and by fruit picking roguing, effectively control seed purity, seed after treatment as dry, ventilate, shady and cool storehouse preserves.

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. improve an implantation methods for Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

1) seed selection and seed treatment: late August to early September is maturing stage of wild Glycyrrhiza Uralensis seed, and gather pure wild Glycyrrhiza Uralensis seed, seed, after the process of mechanical disruption mode, makes its percentage of seedgermination be more than or equal to 90%;

2) selection of seed-plot and land treatment systems: seed-plot selects loam, sandy loam or sand ground, and soil organic matter content is 0.8%-2.0%;

3) control of sowing and density: in the first tenday period of a month in mid-April in spring to May, by seed-plot tilling depth 30-35cm, and carry out processing wholely, make soil reach state to be broadcast; Within 1-2 days, carry out drug blockage weeding to soil before sowing, medicine is pendimethalin, adopts bar broadcast mode, sowing depth 1.5-2cm when usage amount is the sowing of 4.5kg/ mu, sowing line-spacing 50cm, seeding quantity 1-1.5kg/ mu, and keep a full stand of seedings density 1.5-2 ten thousand plants/acre;

4) to pour water and fertilizing management: adopt water-saving drip irrigation, after planting ooze Miao Shui, earth's surface is dripped, timely moisturizing in 2-3 days, makes field capacity be 70%-80%, guarantee that Radix Glycyrrhizae emerges use water; Irrigate seedling stage is irrigate once for 25-30 days, the organic base fertilizer of cattle and sheep ight soil macerating slaking is executed before sowing, the sowing later stage pours water once, applies fertilizer once, whole process imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, Radix Glycyrrhizae special fertilizer, execute potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg/ mu, urea 12kg/ mu, Radix Glycyrrhizae special fertilizer 20kg/ mu the whole year, water and fertilizer management measure annual is afterwards consistent, within the 4th year, rises, enrich potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu flowering stage pregnant flower bud every year, need by the end of September every year to fill with sufficient water of surviving the winter;

5) artificial supplementary pollination and flower and fruit thinning: adopt the mode of putting honeybee and manual intervention to assist the pollinating process of Radix Glycyrrhizae, carry out artificial flower thinning in the florescence 7-8 month of Radix Glycyrrhizae, carry out artificial fruit thinning in 8-9 month fruit phase of Radix Glycyrrhizae;

6) disease pest and weed integrated control: monitor damage by disease and insect phenomenon in whole breeding time, take prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time, in conjunction with physical method control, in phase of the yielding positive results keypoint control insect pest in June to August, the physical method of bio-chemical control and light trap is adopted to prevent and treat; Crop smothering adopts to carry out interim manually pulling out mode in whole breeding time, weeds bloom produce seeds before pull out; After seed collection, ground plant is sliced off, then take burning method the plant of cutting off and weeds to be burnt, reduce the disease pest and weed of Second Year;

7) seed collection and preservation: from the 4th year, annual August-September fructescence, according to fruit pod maturity, when fruit pod becomes sepia or dark-brown, one or many fruit picking, and by fruit picking roguing, effectively controlling seed purity, seed enters drying, ventilation, the preservation of shady and cool storehouse after treatment.

2. a kind of implantation methods improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in, seed-plot selects husky territory.