WO2021103838A1

WO2021103838A1 - High-yield method for planting taro

Info

Publication number: WO2021103838A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/121573
Authority: WO
Inventors: 成武锋
Original assignee: 蓝山县裕峰蔬菜种植专业合作社
Priority date: 2019-11-29
Filing date: 2020-10-16
Publication date: 2021-06-03
Also published as: CN111096205A

Abstract

Disclosed is a high-yield method for planting taro, characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) selecting seeds, namely, selecting healthy seeds with seeds; 2) performing ridge crushing and soil disinfection; 3) applying a base fertilizer, namely, in winter every year, forming base fertilizer holes in high ridges by utilizing a mechanical soil perforating machine, wherein the distance between adjacent base fertilizer holes corresponds to the plant spacing and line spacing of taro on a one-to-one basis, the depth of the base fertilizer holes is greater than or equal to 10 cm, and the diameter thereof is 8 to 15 cm; and then irrigating a biogas fertilizer taking a biogas slurry as a main component into the base fertilizer holes at a rate of 2 to 4 tons/mu; 4) transplanting seedlings; 5) performing water and fertilizer management; and 6) harvesting. According to the high-yield method for planting taro, the base fertilizer taking a biogas slurry as a main component is applied to the soil in the winter of the year before the taro is planted, the biogas slurry has high flowability and permeability, which is conducive to the soil fully absorbing the fertility of the biogas slurry, effectively improving the soil quality, and preventing soil hardening. The base fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the early stage are also conducive to improving the drought resistance of taro in the later period, the usage amount of chemical compound fertilizers is reduced, and the taste of taro is further improved.

Description

High-yield planting method of sweet taro

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for planting crops, in particular to a method for high-yield planting of taro.

Background technique

Fragrant taro, 110-150 cm tall. The leaves are broadly ovoid and the petioles are green. The bulb is long oval, dark brown, fleshy white, with purple-red markings. The mother taro is large and the child taro is long ovoid, with 6 to 10 seed taro per plant. The yield per plant is 2.5 to 3 kg. Colocasia is a cultivated species in the genus Leguminosae, a perennial herb, and is cultivated annually. The edible part of taro has a spherical tuber, which looks like a small potato, with a diameter of 2 to 4 cm. The skin is yellow-brown, and its meat is like potato, but the taste is like chestnut, sweet and aromatic, and the aftertaste is endless after eating, hence the name "fragrant taro". Fragrant taro is rich in nutrients, good in color, fragrance and taste, and was once known as the "King of Vegetables". Fragrant taro is rich in nutrients, good in color, fragrance and taste, and was once the king of vegetables. According to measurements, each 100g contains 87g of edible portion; calories 87 kcal; B1 thiamine 0.3mg; calcium 45mg; protein 3g; B2 riboflavin 0.4mg; magnesium 25mg; fat 1g; B5 niacin 3mg; iron 1.4mg Carbohydrate 18.6g; Vitamin C6mg; Dietary fiber 1.1g; Copper 0.2mg; Carotene 8μg; Phosphorus 33mg; Retinol equivalent 76.4μg; Selenium 1.92μg.

The habit of sweet taro likes light and heat, and is intolerant to low temperature, high temperature and strong light. Sprout starts above 10°C, and the optimum germination temperature is 15-20°C; the temperature is higher than 30°C, which is not conducive to the accumulation of assimilation products; Safely survive the winter underground. The growth of taro should avoid drought, but should not be too humid, and should avoid standing water. Therefore, high pits, stagnant water, and low-lying fields are not suitable for planting. Suitable for fertile sandy loam, with a pH value of 6-8, and good soil drainage conditions.

Because taro needs a lot of fertilizer during planting, but now farmers apply a lot of chemical fertilizer during planting process, causing problems such as soil compaction, loss of fertility, decline of soil fertility, and decline of intrinsic quality of taro.

Although many methods have been proposed for the cultivation and planting of sweet taro in the prior art, such as CN107493893A-a method for planting organic sweet taro, CN107691149A-a method for growing selenium-enriched charcoal betel nut taro, CN108713469A-cultivation of Linwu sweet taro Method, CN108967092A-a high-yield planting method for taro, which improves the product and quality of taro by optimizing fertilization, but the fertilization methods in the prior art are limited to the use of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, and the use of biogas is not given. The related methods of using liquid and waste residues in the cultivation of fragrant taro, as well as the technical schemes on how to increase the yield of fragrant taro. At present, the large-scale use of biogas digesters in rural areas is currently used for biogas utilization, and a large amount of biogas liquid and biogas residues are also produced. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study how to efficiently use the biogas slurry and biogas residue to improve the fertility of the taro planting soil and increase the planting yield, which has greater economic significance and market value.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for high-yield planting of taro by using biogas slurry and biogas waste as base fertilizer for taro and optimizing fertilization management.

The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems are:

A high-yield planting method for taro includes the following steps:

1) Seed selection: choose seeds that have seeds and are healthy;

2) Powder ridges and soil disinfection: powder ridges on the rice harvested fields, and ditching to form interlaced high and low borders, the height of the high borders is 20-25cm, the height of the low borders is 5-8cm, and the border width is 1.2-1.5. m, the border interval is 30-40cm; then use the mixed solution of soil nitrate, dixon and chlorothalonil mixed in proportion to spray on the soil after the powder ridge;

3) Bottom fertilizer: Every winter, use a mechanical soil puncher to make bottom fertilizer holes on the high border. The spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes corresponds to the plant spacing and row spacing of the taro. The depth of the bottom fertilizer holes is greater than or equal to 10cm, and the diameter is 8～15cm, and then irrigate the biogas fertilizer with biogas slurry as the main fertilizer at the rate of 2 tons to 4 tons/mu into the bottom fertilizer hole;

4) Transplanting seedlings: The taro seedlings are connected to the roots and the soil is taken up. Then, the taro seedlings are placed in the center of the planting pit on the side of the bottom fertilizer hole and covered with 3 to 4 cm. Soil, then water and compact;

5) Water and fertilizer management: During the Qingming season each year, apply organic fertilizer at an amount of 150-300 kg/mu. The organic fertilizer is made by retting and fermenting tea meal, rapeseed meal, chicken manure, pig manure, etc.; around April During the seedling extraction period, apply compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, urea, and high nitrogen to the taro field at an amount of 50-60Kg/mu; apply neutral fertilizer at an amount of 50-60Kg/mu in mid-to-late May;

6) Harvesting: 15 days before harvesting, no spray watering of the taro, choose sunny day to harvest, dig up the taro, cut off the leaves and roots, clean the soil on the taro, and dry it until it is dry. It can be stored when the skin is dry.

Furthermore, the high-yield planting method of taro also includes pest control. The specific operation of pest control is: spraying lambda-cyhalothrin once a year in April to achieve the prevention and control of ground insects, spraying dimethomorph once in May , Prevention and treatment of insect diseases.

Furthermore, from March to July every year, spray the foliar fertilizer with a 3:1 mixture of biogas slurry and water every month.

Preferably, the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row is 15-25 cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes is 30-50 cm.

In a certain exemplary embodiment, by weight, the base fertilizer is composed of 85-90% biogas slurry, 5-12% biogas residue, and 1-5% dry rice stalks with a length of 1-5 mm. First, 1/3~2/3 of the dry rice stalks are laid in the bottom fertilizer hole, then the biogas residue is applied, and then the biogas slurry is poured, and finally the remaining dry rice stalks are covered on the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry. The dry rice stalks applied at the bottom of the bottom fertilizer hole enhance the air permeability of the bottom of the soil and avoid the phenomenon that the biogas residue is easy to harden the soil after the application of the existing organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer; the biogas slurry above the biogas residue can quickly penetrate In the soil around the bottom fertilizer hole, it is laborious to maintain the soil around the bottom fertilizer hole; accordingly, the dry rice stalk covering the top of the biogas slurry can avoid the rapid volatilization or steaming of the biogas slurry, and is beneficial to the biogas residue in the bottom fertilizer hole Fermentation again can also absorb the active ingredients in the biogas slurry, ensure the fertility of the soil surface, and further maintain the soil relaxation.

The base fertilizer of the present invention is mainly biogas slurry, which not only contains very rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various amino acids, vitamins, proteins, gibberellins, auxins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, antibiotics, etc. Compared with inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer will not cause compaction in the bottom soil, and will be more easily absorbed and utilized by the tubers of the taro. It can promote the rooting of the taro and increase the survival rate of the taro. The biogas slurry is also rich in butyric acid. , Indole acetic acid, vitamin B12 and other active resistance substances, not only can improve the resistance of the taro itself, but also can kill a large number of larvae and eggs.

The beneficial effects of the high-yield planting method of sweet taro of the present invention: because the biogas slurry is in liquid state, its fluidity and permeability are good, and the base fertilizer mainly made of biogas slurry is applied to the soil in the winter of the year before the sweet taro is planted. It is conducive to the full absorption of the fertility of the biogas slurry by the soil, and the soil quality is effectively improved to prevent soil compaction, which provides fertile soil for the taro planting; and the use of organic fertilizer in the early stage of planting improves the lodging resistance and insect resistance of the taro The base fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the early stage are also beneficial to improve the drought resistance of the taro in the later stage, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used, and further improve the taste of the taro.

Use a mixture of biogas slurry and water to replace paclobutrazol in the prior art, and use the gibberellin in the biogas slurry, as well as active resistance substances such as butyric acid, indoleacetic acid, vitamin B12, etc., to improve the stress resistance of the taro , Effectively reduce the pesticide residues such as paclobutrazol.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

Comparative Example

CN 108990732 A method for planting colocasia without using paclobutrazol was used in Example 1 of the manual for planting colocasia.

Example 1

The high-yield planting method of taro in this embodiment includes the following steps:

1) Seed selection: choose seeds that have seeds and are healthy;

2) Powder ridges and soil disinfection: powder ridges on the rice harvested fields and ditching to form interlaced high and low borders. The height of the high border is 20cm, the height of the low border is 6cm, the border width is 6.5m, and the border interval is 40cm. ; Reuse the mixture of soil nitrate, dixon and chlorothalonil mixed in proportion to spray on the soil after the powder ridge;

3) Bottom fertilizer: Every winter, use a mechanical soil puncher to make bottom fertilizer holes on the high border. The spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes corresponds to the plant spacing and row spacing of the taro. The depth of the bottom fertilizer holes is greater than or equal to 10cm, and the diameter is 10cm, then irrigate the biogas fertilizer with biogas slurry into the bottom fertilizer hole at a rate of 3 tons/mu;

The biogas fertilizer is composed of 90% biogas slurry and 10% biogas residue by weight, and the biogas residue and the biogas residue are uniformly mixed and then poured into the bottom fertilizer hole at one time;

4) Transplanting seedlings: The taro seedlings are connected to the root and the soil is taken up. Then, the taro seedlings are placed in the center of the planting pit on the side of the bottom fertilizer hole, and 4cm of soil is covered on it. Water and compact again;

5) Water and fertilizer management: In the Qingming season of each year, 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is applied, and the organic fertilizer is made by retting and fermenting tea meal, rapeseed meal, chicken manure, pig manure, etc.; During the seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen, urea, and high nitrogen to taro fields at a rate of 50Kg/mu; apply neutral fertilizer at a rate of 60Kg/mu in mid-to-late May;

6) Pest prevention and control: The specific operation of pest prevention and control is: spray lambda-cyhalothrin once a year in April to achieve the prevention and control of ground insects, and spray dimethomorph once in May to prevent and control pests;

7) Harvesting: 15 days before harvesting, no spray watering of the taro, choose sunny day to harvest, dig up the taro, cut off the seedling leaves and roots, clean the soil on the taro, and dry it until it is dried. It can be stored when the skin is dry.

The spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row is 20cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes is 40cm.

It needs to be added that in this embodiment, those skilled in the art can adjust the spacing of the bottom fertilizer holes according to actual needs. For example, the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same line can also be 18cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes 35cm; or, the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row can also be 25cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes is 50cm; or, the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row is 15cm; two adjacent rows The spacing between the bottom fertilizer holes is 45cm.

Example 2

Compared with Example 1, the high-yield planting method of taro in this example has the following differences:

In terms of weight, the base fertilizer is composed of 90% biogas slurry, 6% biogas residue and 4% of 1~5mm dry rice stalks. When applying the base fertilizer, first spread 1/2 of the dry rice stalks on the base fertilizer. Then put the biogas residue into the hole, then pour the biogas slurry, and finally cover the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry with the remaining 1/2 of the dry rice stalks.

It should be noted that the composition and distribution ratio of the base fertilizer can also be adjusted according to the nutrients of the soil. For example, the base fertilizer is composed of 85% biogas slurry, 10% biogas residue and 5% of 3mm dry rice stalks. At the time, first lay 2/3 of the dry rice stalks in the bottom fertilizer hole, then apply the biogas residue, and then water the biogas slurry, and finally cover the remaining 1/3 of the dry rice stalks on the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry. Alternatively, the base fertilizer is composed of 87% biogas slurry, 12% biogas residue and 1% of 5mm-long dry rice stalks. When applying the base fertilizer, first 1/3 of the dry rice stalks are placed in the bottom fertilizer hole, and then Apply the biogas residue, pour the biogas slurry, and finally cover the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry with the remaining 2/3 of the dry rice stalks.

Example 3

In terms of weight, the base fertilizer is composed of 85-90% biogas slurry, 5-12% biogas residue, and 1-5% of 1-5 mm long dry rice stalks. When applying the base fertilizer, first apply 1% of the dry rice stalks. /3～2/3 are laid in the bottom fertilizer hole, then the biogas residue is applied, then the biogas slurry is poured, and finally the remaining dry rice stalks are covered on the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry.

From March to July of each year, spray foliar fertilizer mixed with biogas slurry and water at a ratio of 3:1 every month.

Other conditions such as the same seedlings, planting time, and planting area are basically the same. The control example and the methods of Examples 1 to 3 are used to plant taro. The planting area of each planting method is 5 acres, and the average yield is calculated after harvesting. The average density of taro, the rate of diseased taro, and the average quality of taro were recorded. The results are shown in the following table:

Note: 1 mu = 666.7m ² .

Paclobutrazol was not detected in the taro planted in the above examples.

The yield per mu of taro in Examples 1 to 3 was significantly higher than that in the control example. According to analysis, Examples 1 to 3 of the present application all applied biogas fertilizer with biogas slurry as the base fertilizer, and then applied organic fertilizer in stages. , Compound fertilizer and neutral fertilizer, compared with the control example, significantly improved the soil effort and air permeability of the taro planting, increased the growth rate of the taro and the absorption rate of soil fertility, and improved by spraying biogas slurry and water The ability of taro to resist lodging, insect disease, and drought, thereby achieving a significant increase in the yield of taro.

The average density of taro and the average quality of taro in Examples 1 to 3 are slightly lower than the control examples. The reason may be that the base fertilizer and organic fertilizer were applied before planting, which promoted the growth of tubers and stimulated the rapid growth of taro tuber cells, resulting in intercellular growth. The percentage of air gap increases, so the density and average quality of the commercial taro in the comparative example are lower.

The disease rate of taro in the control example is higher than that in the examples 1 to 3. The reason may be that the control example does not use biogas fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and does not disinfect the soil before planting, but uses anti-linen to cause pests and diseases. A certain degree of prevention was obtained; in Example 1, a mixture of soil nitrate, dixon, chlorothalonil, etc. was used to sterilize the soil before planting, and a biogas fertilizer based on biogas slurry was used as a base fertilizer, which improved the soil's effort and the effect of pests and diseases. Example 2 optimizes the composition ratio and application method of biogas fertilizer, so that the fertility of the taro planting soil is more suitable for the growth of taro, and combined with soil disinfection and pest control, the relative control of pests during the planting of taro Example 1 is better; Example 3 is based on the previous examples by spraying a mixture of biogas slurry and water, and the active resistance substances such as butyric acid, indole acetic acid, vitamin B12 in the biogas slurry can kill the tubers of taro A large number of larvae and worm eggs on the leaf surface further reduce the disease rate of taro.

Claims

A high-yield planting method of sweet taro, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) Seed selection: choose seeds that have seeds and are healthy;

2) Powder ridges and soil disinfection: powder ridges on the rice harvested fields, and ditching to form interlaced high and low borders, the height of the high borders is 20-25cm, the height of the low borders is 5-8cm, and the border width is 1.2-1.5. m, the border interval is 30-40cm; then use the mixed solution of soil nitrate, dixon and chlorothalonil mixed in proportion to spray on the soil after the powder ridge;

3) Bottom fertilizer: Every winter, use a mechanical soil puncher to make bottom fertilizer holes on the high border. The spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes corresponds to the plant spacing and row spacing of the taro. The depth of the bottom fertilizer holes is greater than or equal to 10cm, and the diameter is 8～15cm, and then irrigate the biogas fertilizer with biogas slurry as the main fertilizer at the rate of 2 tons to 4 tons/mu into the bottom fertilizer hole;

4) Transplanting seedlings: The taro seedlings are connected to the roots and the soil is taken up. Then, the taro seedlings are placed in the center of the planting pit on the side of the bottom fertilizer hole and covered with 3 to 4 cm. Soil, then water and compact;

5) Water and fertilizer management: During the Qingming season each year, apply organic fertilizer at an amount of 150-300 kg/mu. The organic fertilizer is made by retting and fermenting tea meal, rapeseed meal, chicken manure, pig manure, etc.; around April During the seedling extraction period, apply compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, urea, and high nitrogen to the taro field at an amount of 50-60Kg/mu; apply neutral fertilizer at an amount of 50-60Kg/mu in mid-to-late May;

6) Harvesting.
The high-yield planting method of taro according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-yield planting method of taro further includes pest control, and the specific operation of pest control is: spraying lambda-cyhalothrin once a year in April To realize the prevention and control of ground insects, spray dimethomorph once in May to prevent and control insect diseases.
The high-yield planting method of taro according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, from March to July each year, the foliar fertilizer mixed with biogas slurry and water at a ratio of 3:1 is sprayed at intervals of one month.
The high-yield planting method of sweet taro according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row is 15-25 cm; and the distance between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes is 30-50 cm.
The method for high-yield planting of taro according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, by weight, the base fertilizer is composed of 85-90% biogas slurry, 5-12% biogas residue, and 1% to 5% biogas residue. ～5mm long dry rice stalks. When applying the base fertilizer, first 1/3~2/3 of the dry rice stalks are laid in the bottom fertilizer hole, then the biogas residue is applied, and then the biogas slurry is poured, and finally the remaining dry rice stalks Cover the upper liquid level of the biogas slurry.
The high-yield planting method of taro according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, 6) the specific operation of harvesting is: no spray watering of the taro 15 days before harvesting, and picking on a sunny day, Pick up the taro, cut off the leaves and roots, clean up the soil on the taro, and dry it until the skin is dry for storage.