CN111685007A - Transplanting type cultivation method for taros - Google Patents
Transplanting type cultivation method for taros Download PDFInfo
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- CN111685007A CN111685007A CN202010637350.4A CN202010637350A CN111685007A CN 111685007 A CN111685007 A CN 111685007A CN 202010637350 A CN202010637350 A CN 202010637350A CN 111685007 A CN111685007 A CN 111685007A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling transplanting type cultivation method of taros, which comprises the steps of selecting taros with consistent sizes, no plant diseases and insect pests and no damage as seed balls, cutting underground parts of the seed balls into small blocks, and disinfecting the small blocks of taros; breeding the small seedling blocks into seed seedlings, wherein the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm; controlling water and hardening seedlings before transplanting the seedlings to enable the seedlings to be in a wilting state; 1-2 leaves are reserved for each taro seedling, and 1/2 is cut off from each leaf; removing weeds and impurities in the field, and applying a base fertilizer; applying quicklime to the field before transplanting, then irrigating, and keeping the field water for 7-10 days; stirring field water, and transplanting taro seedlings in a seedling transplanting manner; the field water depth is 4-6cm, the keeping time is 7-10 days, the seedlings are rooted and stable, and then the seedlings naturally fall to the dry field for water; keeping the soil in the field moist, alternately drying and wetting, and returning seedlings of the taros to green; and performing conventional cultivation management until the taros are mature. The method has the advantages of simple steps, low production cost, low labor intensity and high taro yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop ecological cultivation, in particular to a taro seedling transplanting type cultivation method.
Background
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L); Schott), also known as taro, belongs to a perennial herb of the family of the Araceae and is cultivated as an annual plant; tubers are generally oval in shape, often mostly small bulbs, which are rich in starch and protein, are used for dishes or food, and are also raw materials for starch and alcohol.
The traditional cultivation method of the taros needs a series of technical links such as plowing, land preparation, ridging, hole digging, transplanting, watering, cultivating, weeding, ridging and the like, and has the defects that the plowing, the ploughing and the soil cultivation need to consume labor force, the green returning of the taros after transplanting is slow, and the survival rate is low, so the traditional taro cultivation method is high in labor intensity and production cost, and cannot meet the requirements of the development of the current ecological low-carbon agricultural production.
In order to overcome the defects of high labor intensity, high production cost and the like of the traditional cultivation method, a novel cultivation method of taros needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background art, and provide a simple, environment-friendly and simple transplanting type cultivation method for taros, which has the advantages of simple steps, low production cost, low labor intensity and high taro yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a no-tillage transplanting type cultivation method for taros comprises the following steps:
step one, taro seed ball pretreatment:
selecting taros with consistent sizes, no diseases and insect pests and no damage as seed balls, cutting the underground parts of the seed balls of the taros into small blocks, mixing plant ash with a bactericide to cover the small blocks, and sterilizing to prepare small seedling blocks;
step two, taro seedling breeding:
collecting the obtained small seedling blocks in a seedbed to uniformly grow seedlings, wherein the height of each seedling is 20-40 cm; the small seedling raising blocks cannot be directly dug into the field, so that the problems that the seedling raising rate is low, the seedling is lack of a bag for supplementing or the seedling emergence is not regular, and the field yield is influenced are avoided;
step three, hardening seedlings of taro seedlings:
controlling water and hardening off the seedlings 3-4 days before the seedlings are transplanted to enable the seedlings to be in a wilting state;
fourthly, leaf cutting of taro seedlings:
only 1-2 leaves are left in each taro seedling, and 1/2 is cut off from each leaf;
step five, field soil management:
removing weeds and impurities in the field, and applying a base fertilizer; plowing, soil preparation and ridging by opening are not needed;
step six, field softening:
applying 120 kilograms of quicklime to the field and 180 kilograms of quicklime per mu 12 to 18 days before transplanting, then irrigating 8 to 12cm, and keeping the field with water for 7 to 10 days; softening the soil of the field to facilitate the transplanting and cultivation;
seventhly, transplanting seedlings in muddy water:
before transplanting, field water is stirred to be muddy, and transplanting taro seedlings are directly carried out in a seedling transplanting mode according to plant and row spacing; digging and transplanting are not needed;
step eight, stably bagging live seedlings:
keeping the field water depth at 4-6cm for 7-10 days to make the seedlings root and stabilize the roots, and naturally drying the seedlings to remove water in the field;
ninth, seedling returning and green turning:
keeping the soil in the field moist, alternately drying and wetting, shortening the seedling reviving period and ensuring the taro to return to the seedling and turn green;
step ten, field management:
performing conventional cultivation management until the taros are mature; conventional cultivation management includes ridging, intertillage, weeding, and fertilizer and water management.
According to the taro seedling transplanting type cultivation method, the taro seedlings are directly inserted into the soil of the ridge surface to be transplanted in a transplanting mode, links such as hole digging, seedling planting, soil covering and watering in conventional transplanting are reduced, and labor intensity is greatly reduced; by adopting a field soil softening technology, quicklime is applied to fill water and soak the field, so that the field can be soaked to soften the soil, part of pathogenic microorganisms can be killed, the effect of disinfecting the soil is achieved, part of weed seeds can be killed, field weeds are reduced, and the field pest and disease damage prevention and weed application and labor cost are reduced; the method comprises the steps of breeding taro seedlings by small seedling blocks, hardening seedlings by seedlings, cutting leaves and the like, so that the survival rate and the seedling rate of the taro seedlings in a field are improved, the growth uniformity of the taro in the field is ensured, and the field yield of the taro is improved; the method of muddy water transplanting is adopted, the field water is stirred muddy before transplanting, and the muddy water falling mud in the field after muddy water transplanting is beneficial to stable pocket rooting of taro seedlings; in the seedling returning and green turning step, the field soil is kept moist, and the dryness and the wetness are alternated, so that the green turning period of the taros is shortened, the growth of taro plants is effectively promoted, the taro yield is improved, and the time for the taros to appear on the market is shortened; in the seedling transplanting type cultivation link, paddy-upland rotation is used, so that the growth of microorganisms is changed, the morbidity of the taros is reduced, and the field yield and the product quality are improved. The no-tillage seedling-transplanting type cultivation method for the taros has the advantages of simple operation steps, low production cost, low labor intensity, high taro yield and the like.
Further, in the seventh step, the transplanting specifically means: directly inserting the seed surface of the taro into the soil of the ridge surface for transplanting.
Further, in the sixth step, the field softening comprises the following specific steps: smashing quicklime 15 days before transplanting, uniformly scattering the smashed quicklime in the field according to the amount of 150 kg/mu, slowly irrigating water into the field until the water depth is 10cm, and keeping the field with water for 7-10 days.
Further, in the fifth step, the base fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg/mu decomposed farmyard organic fertilizer or 200-250 kg/mu commercial organic fertilizer.
Further, in the first step, the underground part of the taro seed ball is cut into small pieces, specifically: the underground part of the taro seed ball is cut into small blocks, so that at least one adventitious bud is ensured on each small block of taro (namely at least one seed coat is remained on each small block of taro), and the emergence rate of the small blocks of taro is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the field soil softening technology is adopted, quicklime is applied to fill water to soak the field, the field can be soaked to soften the soil, part of pathogenic microorganisms can be killed, the effect of disinfecting the soil is achieved, part of weed seeds can be killed, field weeds are reduced, and the pesticide application and labor cost for preventing plant diseases and insect pests and weeds in the field are reduced. Can save the cost of the pesticide by about 100 yuan/667 m2(ii) a Can save the labor time of weeding and disease prevention for about 3 days/667 m2The labor cost is saved by about 600 yuan per 200 yuan per day;
(2) the taro seedlings are directly inserted into the soil of the bed surface for transplanting by adopting a transplanting type transplanting mode, so that the links of hole digging, seedling planting, soil covering, watering and the like in the conventional transplanting are reduced, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced;
(3) the taro seedlings are bred and treated, the seedling-raising small blocks are bred into taro seedlings, and then links such as seedling hardening, leaf cutting and the like are performed, so that the survival rate and the seedling rate of the taro seedlings in a field are improved, the growth uniformity of the taro in the field is ensured, and the field yield of the taro is improved;
(4) before transplanting the taro seed surface, stirring field water, and falling mud in the field to facilitate stable root and rooting of taro seedlings, so that the survival rate of the taro seedlings after transplanting is improved;
(5) when returning seedlings and turning green, the field soil is kept moist, and the dryness and the wetness are alternated, so that the taro returning seedlings and turning green are ensured, the plant growth is promoted, and the taro yield can be improved by about 50kg/667m2The taro can be sold on the market in advance;
(6) the rice-upland field rotation is adopted in the seedling transplanting type cultivation technical link, so that the growth of microorganisms is changed, the morbidity of the taros is reduced, and the field yield and the product quality are improved;
(7) and a no-tillage cultivation mode of transplanting type transplanting is adopted, so that a link of ploughing and turning is omitted, the labor cost is reduced, and the labor intensity is reduced. The plowing cost of the common taro cultivation method is about 400 yuan/667 m2The no-tillage cultivation method of the invention can avoid the tillage link, and the cost is saved by about 400 yuan/667 m2。
In general, the no-tillage seedling-transplanting type cultivation method has the advantages of simple operation, water retention and moisture preservation, weed prevention and weight increase, ecological environment protection, cost reduction and remarkable synergism.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a taro seedling transplanting type cultivation method, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) taro ball pretreatment
Selecting taros with consistent sizes, no plant diseases and insect pests and no damage as seed balls; cutting the lower part of the taro seed ball into small pieces, wherein at least one surface of each small piece of taro is provided with a seed coat; mixing plant ash with bactericide (one of thiophanate methyl, mancozeb, carbendazim and chlorothalonil) to coat small pieces of fructus Colocasiae Esculentae, sterilizing, and making into small pieces for seedling;
2) taro seedling breeding
Collecting the obtained small seedling blocks in a seedbed to uniformly grow seedlings, wherein the height of each seedling is 20-40 cm;
3) hardening off taro seedling
Controlling water and hardening off the seedlings 3-4 days before the seedlings are transplanted to enable the seedlings to be in a wilting state;
4) leaf of taro seedling
Only 1-2 leaves are left in each taro seedling, and 1/2 are cut off from each leaf, so that the taro seedling can be transplanted;
5) clearing the ground and applying fertilizer
Removing weeds and sundries in the field, and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is decomposed farmyard organic fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 1000-plus-one 1500 kg/mu;
6) softening of field
Applying 150 kg/mu of quicklime into the field 15 days before transplanting, then irrigating for 10cm, keeping the field with water for 7-10 days, and softening the field soil;
7) transplanting type muddy water transplanting
Before transplanting, field water is stirred to be muddy, and taro seedlings are directly inserted into soil on the ridge surface by adopting transplanting type transplanting according to a certain plant-row spacing;
8) root-stabilizing living seedling
Keeping the field water depth about 5cm for 7-10 days to make the seedlings root and stabilize the roots, and then naturally drying the field water;
9) returning seedlings to green
Keeping the soil in the field moist, and alternately drying and wetting to ensure the taro to return seedlings and turn green;
10) management of field
The field management is carried out like the conventional cultivation management, and comprises ridging, intertillage, weeding, fertilizer and water management and the like.
In order to verify the effect of the method, the treatment method and the conventional cultivation (contrast) of the embodiment of the invention are subjected to a field and large area contrast test in Jiangyangyong county of the major producing area of the taros in Hunan province, 2 treatments of the test selection design seedling transplanting type cultivation and the conventional hole digging cultivation (contrast) are not repeated, and the area of the large area is 666.7m2. The field management is uniformly carried out according to the taro cultivation technology, and the fertilization, the pesticide spraying and other later-stage management are uniform and consistent. Comparative data on morbidity, cost and yield of the conventional hole-digging cultivation and the no-tillage seedling-transplanting cultivation of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 comparison data of morbidity, cost and yield of conventional hole digging cultivation and no-tillage seedling transplanting cultivation of the present invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the traditional hole digging cultivation methodThe incidence rate of field diseases in the mature period (contrast) reaches 8.75 percent, and the yield is 2236.00kg/666.7m2The total cost reaches 4566.00 yuan/666.7 m2The net yield value is 6614.00 yuan/666.7 m2。
When the taro is cultivated by using the method disclosed by the invention, the incidence rate of field diseases is only 2.42%, and the incidence rate is sharply reduced; the yield reaches 2252.00kg/666.7m2Has certain growth effect; the total cost is only 3991.00 yuan/666.7 m2The net yield reaches 9529.00 yuan/666.7 m2Increase 2915.00 yuan/666.7 m2. The method of the invention can obviously reduce labor cost and increase yield and efficiency.
Claims (5)
1. A taro seedling transplanting type cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, taro seed ball pretreatment:
selecting taros with consistent sizes, no diseases and insect pests and no damage as seed balls, cutting the underground parts of the seed balls of the taros into small blocks, mixing plant ash with a bactericide to cover the small blocks, and sterilizing to prepare small seedling blocks;
step two, taro seedling breeding:
breeding the obtained seedling small blocks into seedlings, wherein the seedling height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm;
step three, hardening seedlings of taro seedlings:
controlling water and hardening off the seedlings 3-4 days before the seedlings are transplanted to enable the seedlings to be in a wilting state;
fourthly, leaf cutting of taro seedlings:
only 1-2 leaves are left in each taro seedling, and 1/2 is cut off from each leaf;
step five, clearing the land and fertilizing:
removing weeds and impurities in the field, and applying a base fertilizer;
step six, field softening:
applying 120 kilograms of quicklime to the field and 180 kilograms of quicklime per mu 12 to 18 days before transplanting, then irrigating 8 to 12cm, and keeping the field with water for 7 to 10 days;
seventhly, transplanting seedlings in muddy water:
before transplanting, field water is stirred to be muddy, and transplanting taro seedlings are directly carried out in a transplanting manner according to plant and row spacing;
step eight, stably bagging live seedlings:
keeping the field water depth at 4-6cm for 7-10 days to make the seedlings root and stabilize the roots, and naturally drying the seedlings to remove water in the field;
ninth, seedling returning and green turning:
keeping the soil in the field moist, and alternately drying and wetting to ensure the taro to return seedlings and turn green;
step ten, field management:
and performing conventional cultivation management until the taros are ripe, wherein the conventional cultivation management comprises ridging, intertillage, weeding and fertilizer and water management.
2. A taro seedling transplanting type cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the seedling transplanting type transplanting specifically comprises: directly inserting the seed surface of the taro into the soil of the ridge surface for transplanting.
3. A taro seedling transplanting type cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the specific steps of field softening are as follows: smashing quicklime 15 days before transplanting, uniformly scattering the smashed quicklime in the field according to the amount of 150 kg/mu, slowly irrigating water into the field until the water depth is 10cm, and keeping the field with water for 7-10 days.
4. The seedling transplanting type cultivation method for dasheens as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the base fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg/mu decomposed farmyard organic fertilizer or 200-250 kg/mu commercial organic fertilizer.
5. A transplanting type cultivation method for dasheens according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the first step, the underground part of the seed ball of the dasheen is cut into small blocks, specifically: cutting the underground part of the taro seed ball into small pieces, and ensuring that each small piece of taro has at least one adventitious bud.
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| CN202010637350.4A CN111685007A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Transplanting type cultivation method for taros |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737768A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-01 | 靖江市农机化技术推广服务站 | Efficient culture method of taro |
| CN105210601A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2016-01-06 | 太仓市新滨农场专业合作社 | The implantation methods of a kind of taro |
| CN106234229A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of method that Fructus Colocasiae Esculentae tissue cultured seedling is heeled in |
| CN106717783A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 温荣清 | Glycan High-efficient Water plants cultural method |
| CN109105193A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-01 | 衡阳市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of glycan high-yield culture technique |
| CN111096205A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-05-05 | 蓝山县裕峰蔬菜种植专业合作社 | High-yield planting method of taro |
-
2020
- 2020-07-03 CN CN202010637350.4A patent/CN111685007A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737768A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-01 | 靖江市农机化技术推广服务站 | Efficient culture method of taro |
| CN105210601A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2016-01-06 | 太仓市新滨农场专业合作社 | The implantation methods of a kind of taro |
| CN106234229A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of method that Fructus Colocasiae Esculentae tissue cultured seedling is heeled in |
| CN106717783A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 温荣清 | Glycan High-efficient Water plants cultural method |
| CN109105193A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-01 | 衡阳市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of glycan high-yield culture technique |
| CN111096205A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-05-05 | 蓝山县裕峰蔬菜种植专业合作社 | High-yield planting method of taro |
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Application publication date: 20200922 |