CN111226721A - Konjak and lily intercropping cultivation method - Google Patents
Konjak and lily intercropping cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226721A CN111226721A CN202010179910.6A CN202010179910A CN111226721A CN 111226721 A CN111226721 A CN 111226721A CN 202010179910 A CN202010179910 A CN 202010179910A CN 111226721 A CN111226721 A CN 111226721A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop intercropping cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for intercropping konjak and lily. The cultivation method for intercropping the konjak and the lily comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, sowing cultivation, field management and pest control, wherein the sowing cultivation comprises the following steps: sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching for opening moisture for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the width of a furrow is 25-35 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 100-120 cm, the height of the moisture is 20-35 cm, the moisture surface is finished, operation is carried out on the moisture surface, strip-furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each moisture surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; and (3) intercropping lily and konjak, wherein the plant spacing of the lily is 10-18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35-50 cm. The invention intercrops the konjak and the lily to achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight, improves the efficiency of field management, reduces the labor input, saves the working time and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop intercropping cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for intercropping konjak and lily.
Background
Amorphophallus konjac (Amorphophalus konjac) also called Amorphophallus konjac belongs to Araceae (Araceae) Amorphophallus (Amorphophalus blume), perennial tuber plants, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, etc. The konjak tuber contains rich glucomannan, has the characteristics of water absorption, gel property, caking property and low-heat edible property, and has wide application in food processing, daily chemicals, health care products and the like. The rhizoma Amorphophalli has effects of lowering blood sugar level, reducing blood lipid, lowering blood pressure, removing toxic substance, caring skin, dredging collaterals, reducing weight, relaxing bowels, and promoting appetite, and is a health food.
The soft rot of konjak is commonly called as 'barbadosnut', is a main disease in konjak production, can occur in the growth period and the storage period, causes the rottenness of leaves, petioles and corms, is concurrent with southern blight, has larger harm and even can be completely recovered. In addition, the konjak planting is generally carried out in the field, weeds can grow rapidly if the konjak is not weeded, the konjak compete for nutrition and illumination with konjak, at present, two weeding modes of artificial weed pulling and herbicide weeding can be adopted, artificial weeding is usually carried out for several times, the workload is great, the efficiency is high when the herbicide is adopted for weeding, the herbicide has certain side effect, a lot of harm can be generated in the using process, generally, the herbicide has certain influence on plants, pathogens, soil microorganisms, the environment and the like, the environment pollution can be caused, and the human body can be indirectly injured.
Lily, also known as Yuxian, Yushou, etc., is a perennial herb of Liliaceae. Since the stem is composed of many fleshy scaly leaves and the slices are tightly held together, the lily is named as Bai. In summer, the flower blooms like a funnel, which is reddish yellow, white or light red, the bulb is mostly oblate, and the scales are fleshy, fine, soft and glutinous, white and jade. Mellow, sweet and fragrant, unique flavor and rich nutrition.
Intercropping means that more than two crops are planted at intervals according to a certain row number in the same period on one land, and the two intercropped organisms have long growth period together. The intercropping can improve the land utilization rate, and the crop compound group formed by the intercropping can increase the interception and absorption of sunlight and reduce the waste of light energy. The two crops can also produce complementary action when intercropping, and the intercropping effect is improved by reasonably matching the crops with different plant types and slightly different growth periods and arranging planting row spacing with different widths in the field.
The invention is especially put forward in order to explore plant groups suitable for intercropping with konjak, implement reasonable intercropping, have multiple purposes in one field and carry out three-dimensional planting, fully utilize light energy and places, improve the yield and the quality of crops in unit area, achieve the consideration of ecological, economic and social benefits and promote the beneficial change of agricultural economic structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for intercropping konjak and lily, which can increase biological diversity, inhibit growth of land weeds, inhibit occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests. The konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight by intercropping the konjak and the lily. The two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the planting and harvesting time of the konjak and the lily is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the cultivation method for intercropping the konjak and the lily comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, sowing and cultivation, field management and pest control, wherein the sowing and cultivation comprises the following steps:
sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching for opening moisture for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the width of a furrow is 25-35 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 100-120 cm, the height of the moisture is 20-35 cm, the moisture surface is finished, operation is carried out on the moisture surface, strip-furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each moisture surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; and (3) intercropping lily and konjak, wherein the plant spacing of the lily is 10-18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35-50 cm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the sowing and cultivation includes: sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm for opening furrow for planting, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surface is arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting of the strip furrows is carried out, 4 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 30 cm; the lily is intercropped with the konjak, the plant spacing of the lily is 15 cm, 1 konjak is planted among every 3 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 45 cm.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the pest control includes controlling soft rot and southern blight of konjak by the following method: the sterilization agent is mixed with the konjaku spirit to be watered and irrigated to roots or sprayed to leaf surfaces for preventing and treating; in 7-8 months, ditching and draining water, removing diseased plants and performing disinfection treatment.
As an embodiment of the invention, the pest control comprises the control of the damping off and root rot of the lily by adopting rotation, seed ball and soil disinfection treatment.
As an implementation mode of the invention, 3000-4000 times of 95% hymexazol wettable powder is used for spraying roots at the early stage of the onset of the damping-off and root rot of lily, dredging three ditches, performing waterlogging drainage after rain, and reducing the humidity in the field.
As one embodiment of the present invention, pest control of lilies comprises: before sowing, soil treatment is carried out, and fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied; when underground insect pests are discovered, 1000 times of emulsion of 48% chlorpyrifos or 800 times of emulsion of 50% phoxim is used for irrigating roots.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the soil preparation includes: deep ploughing, drying soil and carrying out furrow-drying on the pre-planted land at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months, ridging with the furrow surface width of 1.5m, the ridge height being about 20-30 cm and the furrow width being about 25-35 cm; preferably, the ridges are 25cm high and the furrows 30cm wide.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the field management comprises fertilization, and the fertilization method comprises: applying 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu; the top dressing is carried out twice, 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of the month 6, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of the month 8.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the seed selection is performed by the following method: the konjak adopts Jindi No. 1, has the appearance form of round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases and no injuries, bright red terminal buds and single improved variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg; the lily is a seed ball which is bright in color, tight in cohesion, strong in root system, free of diseases and pests and 20-40 g in net weight.
According to one embodiment of the invention, before sowing, seed taro of konjak is turned over and aired for 1-2 days, and before sowing, seeds are mixed with multi-element disinfection powder; soaking the seed balls of the lily in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 20-30 minutes, fishing out and drying, and waiting for sowing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(I) ecological benefits
1. The intercropping of the konjak and the lily can increase the biological diversity, inhibit the growth of land weeds, inhibit the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests; the konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight through intercropping of the konjak and the lily; the two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the labor cost can be reduced, the planting and harvesting time of the konjak and the lily is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.
2. The stable yield and the conservation and the reasonable intercropping can utilize different crop characteristics of the konjak and the lily to enhance the stress resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and disaster weather, achieve the stable yield and the conservation, improve the land utilization rate, reduce land rent and coordinate the contradiction of land competition of crops.
(II) economic benefits
1. Economic benefit of intercropping konjak and lily
(1) Yield: the result of the intercropping planting test of the konjak and the lily shows that the yield of konjak (commercial konjak and seed konjak) in one mu of land is 1615 kg, the yield of commercial konjak is 1061 kg, the yield of seed konjak is 554 kg, and seed konjak has two types of konjak and seed konjak (wherein the yield of the second konjak is 413 kg, and the yield of the seed konjak is 141 kg); the yield of lily is 200 kg.
(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the fresh konjak in 2019, the commercial konjak is 6 yuan per kg, and the yield of 1061 kg is 6366 yuan; 15 yuan per kilogram of the second konjak, and 6195 yuan for the output of 413 kilograms; the yield of the yam per kilogram is 35 yuan, and the yield of 141 kilograms is 4935 yuan; the total yield of rhizoma Amorphophalli is 17496 yuan. According to the market price of the fresh lily at present, the fresh lily is 20 yuan per kg, and the lily yield value of 200 kg is 4000 yuan. The total yield of one acre of the konjak and the lily is 21496 yuan.
(3) Cost and expense: the purchasing cost of the konjak seeds is 3500 yuan, the purchasing cost of the lily seeds is 1000 yuan, the land rental cost is 600 yuan, the planting labor cost is 1000 yuan, the collection labor cost is 1500 yuan, the management cost is 200 yuan, and the fertilizer cost is 500 yuan. The cost for intercropping konjak and lily for one mu is 8300 yuan.
(4) Profit: the pure profit income of 13196 yuan can be obtained by intercropping the konjak and the lily for one mu of land.
2. Economic benefit of pure konjak
(1) Yield: 1730 kg per unit of pure konjak planted in one mu of land, (wherein 1140 kg of commercial konjak, 423 kg of secondary konjak and 167 kg of seed konjak).
(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the fresh konjak in 2019 years, the yield of the commercial konjak is 6 yuan per kg, and the commercial konjak yield of 1140 kg is 6840 yuan; the yield of the konjac II is 15 yuan per kg, and the yield of the konjac II with the yield of 423 kg is 6345 yuan; the yield of the seed taro is 35 yuan per kilogram, and the yield of the seed taro with the yield of 167 kilograms is 5845 yuan. And (4) comprehensively calculating, wherein the total yield of the pure konjac planted in one mu of land is 19030 yuan.
(3) Cost and expense: the purchasing cost of the konjak seeds is 3500 yuan, the land lease cost is 600 yuan, the planting labor cost is 1000 yuan, the weed removal labor cost is 1500 yuan, the collection labor cost is 1500 yuan, the management cost is 220 yuan, the fertilizer cost is 500 yuan, and the pesticide cost is 200 yuan. The total number is 9020 yuan.
(4) Profit: the pure konjak planted in one mu of land can obtain the pure profit income of 10010 yuan.
3. Test comparison conclusion
(1) Although the yield of the konjak intercropping lily is reduced by 115 kilograms and 6.6 percent compared with that of the pure konjak, the total benefit is increased (firstly, the artificial weeding cost is reduced by 1500 yuan, the pesticide is 200 yuan, the total cost is 1700 yuan, and secondly, the lily planting income is increased by 4000 yuan), the total profit of the konjak and lily intercropping is increased by 3186 yuan compared with that of the pure konjak, the efficiency is increased by 31.82 yuan compared with that of the pure konjak, the environmental pollution pressure is reduced by not applying the pesticide, and the raw materials of the produced pollution-free food are ecological benefits and social benefits which cannot be calculated.
(2) The konjak and lily intercropping can generate two economic benefits, the reasonable intercropping has the effect of increasing the yield compared with the single intercropping, the income can be increased, and the reasonable intercropping with the effect enhancement can exchange less investment for more economic income. According to the national policy, two reductions are implemented in agricultural production, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the use of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides can be reduced by intercropping the konjac and the lily, so that the production cost is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(one) land selection
The method is suitable for gentle slopes and mountain valley lands which are leeward and exposed to the sun, convenient to drain and irrigate, good in illumination condition and free of strong illumination, and adopts sandy loam which is deep in soil layer, loose, fertile, acid-biased and easy to drain and is rich in organic matters and humus, so that the land blocks (namely crop rotation) in which konjak or lily is planted recently are avoided.
(II) soil preparation
Deep ploughing, sunning and furrow-spreading the pre-planted land at the bottom of 2 months and 3 months, uniformly mixing 2000kg of fully-decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, then applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil, deep ploughing for 30cm, ridging with a furrow surface width of 1500cm, and making ridges with a height of 20cm and a furrow width of 35 cm.
(III) seed selection
Selecting a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance from the konjac seeds, wherein the appearance form is round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases or injuries, bright red terminal buds and a single fine variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg, turning over and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder to disinfect the surface branches and main buds of the konjac at one time before sowing;
the lily is seed balls which are bright in color, close in cohesion, strong in root system, free of diseases and insects and 20-40 g in net weight, the seed balls of the lily are soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim for 20-30 minutes, and the lily is fished out and dried for sowing.
(IV) sowing and cultivating
Sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm for opening furrow and planting, wherein the furrow width is 35cm, the furrow surface width is 20cm, the furrow height is 35cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, the transplanting of the strip furrows is carried out, 5 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 35 cm; the lily and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the lily is 12 cm, 1 konjak is planted among every 4 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35 cm.
(V) field management and pest control
After the konjak seedlings emerge or when the konjak leaves are put in the spring, the rotten-eliminating agent is mixed with the konjak spirit to be watered and irrigated into roots or sprayed on the leaf surfaces to prevent and control; in 7-8 months, rainwater is more, and is the peak period of konjak disease, and in the period, ditching and drainage are required to be paid attention to ensure that a water path is smooth, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
spraying 3000-4000 times of 95% hymexazol wettable powder to roots at the early stage of the damping-off and root rot of lily, dredging three ditches, draining waterlogging after rain, and reducing field humidity; before sowing, soil treatment is carried out, and fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied; when underground insect pests are discovered, 1000 times of emulsion of 48% chlorpyrifos or 800 times of emulsion of 50% phoxim is used for irrigating roots.
The top dressing is carried out twice, 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of the month 6, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of the month 8.
(VI) harvesting
Before and after 11 months, the konjak plants begin to fall off, when the lily stalks wither, the konjak plants begin to be dug and collected on sunny days, and the collected tubers are sorted according to size and are packed and transported by a bamboo basket or a mesh bag.
Example 2
(one) land selection
The method is suitable for gentle slopes and mountain valley lands which are leeward and exposed to the sun, convenient to drain and irrigate, good in illumination condition and free of strong illumination, and adopts sandy loam which is deep in soil layer, loose, fertile, acid-biased and easy to drain and is rich in organic matters and humus, so that the land blocks (namely crop rotation) in which konjak or lily is planted recently are avoided.
(II) soil preparation
Deep ploughing, sunning and furrow-spreading the pre-planted land at the bottom of 2 months and 3 months, uniformly mixing 2000kg of fully-decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, then applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil, deep ploughing for 30cm, ridging with a furrow surface width of 1500cm, and making ridges 25cm high and furrows 30cm wide.
(III) seed selection
Selecting a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance from the konjac seeds, wherein the appearance form is round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases or injuries, bright red terminal buds and a single fine variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg, turning over and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder to disinfect the surface branches and main buds of the konjac at one time before sowing;
the lily is seed balls which are bright in color, close in cohesion, strong in root system, free of diseases and insects and 20-40 g in net weight, the seed balls of the lily are soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim for 20-30 minutes, and the lily is fished out and dried for sowing.
(IV) sowing and cultivating
Sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm for opening furrow for planting, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surface is finished, operating is carried out on the furrow surface, transplanting is carried out for the rows and the furrows, 4 seeds are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 30 cm; the lily is intercropped with the konjak, the plant spacing of the lily is 15 cm, 1 konjak is planted among every 3 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 45 cm.
(V) field management and pest control
After the konjak seedlings emerge or when the konjak leaves are put in the spring, the rotten-eliminating agent is mixed with the konjak spirit to be watered and irrigated into roots or sprayed on the leaf surfaces to prevent and control; in 7-8 months, rainwater is more, and is the peak period of konjak disease, and in the period, ditching and drainage are required to be paid attention to ensure that a water path is smooth, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
spraying 3000-4000 times of 95% hymexazol wettable powder to roots at the early stage of the damping-off and root rot of lily, dredging three ditches, draining waterlogging after rain, and reducing field humidity; before sowing, soil treatment is carried out, and fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied; when underground insect pests are discovered, 1000 times of emulsion of 48% chlorpyrifos or 800 times of emulsion of 50% phoxim is used for irrigating roots.
The top dressing is carried out twice, 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of the month 6, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of the month 8.
(VI) harvesting
Before and after 11 months, the konjak plants begin to fall off, when the lily stalks wither, the konjak plants begin to be dug and collected on sunny days, and the collected tubers are sorted according to size and are packed and transported by a bamboo basket or a mesh bag.
Example 3
(one) land selection
The method is suitable for gentle slopes and mountain valley lands which are leeward and exposed to the sun, convenient to drain and irrigate, good in illumination condition and free of strong illumination, and adopts sandy loam which is deep in soil layer, loose, fertile, acid-biased and easy to drain and is rich in organic matters and humus, so that the land blocks (namely crop rotation) in which konjak or lily is planted recently are avoided.
(II) soil preparation
Deep ploughing, sunning and furrow-spreading the pre-planted land at the bottom of 2 months and 3 months, uniformly mixing 2000kg of fully-decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, then applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil, deep ploughing for 35cm, ridging with a furrow surface width of 1500cm, and making ridges with a height of 30cm and a furrow width of 35 cm.
(III) seed selection
Selecting a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance from the konjac seeds, wherein the appearance form is round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases or injuries, bright red terminal buds and a single fine variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg, turning over and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder to disinfect the surface branches and main buds of the konjac at one time before sowing;
the lily is seed balls which are bright in color, close in cohesion, strong in root system, free of diseases and insects and 20-40 g in net weight, the seed balls of the lily are soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim for 20-30 minutes, and the lily is fished out and dried for sowing.
(IV) sowing and cultivating
Sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 120 cm for opening furrow for planting, wherein the furrow width is 25cm, the furrow surface width is 100 cm, the furrow height is 20cm, the furrow surface is arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting is carried out, each furrow surface is planted with 6 rows, and the row spacing is 25 cm; the lily is intercropped with the konjak, the spacing between the lily plants is 18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 5 plants, and the spacing between the konjak plants is 50 cm.
(V) field management and pest control
After the konjak seedlings emerge or when the konjak leaves are put in the spring, the rotten-eliminating agent is mixed with the konjak spirit to be watered and irrigated into roots or sprayed on the leaf surfaces to prevent and control; in 7-8 months, rainwater is more, and is the peak period of konjak disease, and in the period, ditching and drainage are required to be paid attention to ensure that a water path is smooth, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
spraying 3000-4000 times of 95% hymexazol wettable powder to roots at the early stage of the damping-off and root rot of lily, dredging three ditches, draining waterlogging after rain, and reducing field humidity; before sowing, soil treatment is carried out, and fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied; when underground insect pests are discovered, 1000 times of emulsion of 48% chlorpyrifos or 800 times of emulsion of 50% phoxim is used for irrigating roots.
The top dressing is carried out twice, 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of the month 6, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of the month 8.
(VI) harvesting
Before and after 11 months, the konjak plants begin to fall off, when the lily stalks wither, the konjak plants begin to be dug and collected on sunny days, and the collected tubers are sorted according to size and are packed and transported by a bamboo basket or a mesh bag.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 101 cm, opening furrow for planting, wherein the furrow width is 23 cm, the furrow surface width is 95 cm, the furrow height is 15 cm, the furrow surface is finished, operating on the furrow surface, performing strip furrow transplanting, planting 2 lines on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 21 cm; the lily and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the lily is 8 cm, 1 konjak is planted among every 2 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 30 cm. The rest of the process is the same as that of example 3, and will not be described herein.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 155 cm for opening furrow planting, wherein the furrow width is 38 cm, the furrow surface width is 125 cm, the furrow height is 40 cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, the transplanting is carried out in the form of strips and furrows, 7 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the lily and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the lily is 20cm, 1 konjak is planted every 6 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 55 cm. The rest of the process is the same as that of example 3, and will not be described herein.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: konjak is planted only, and lily is not intercropped. The rest of the process is the same as that of example 3, and will not be described herein.
Test example 1
The test examined and tested the acre yields, weeds and pests of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, as shown in table 1 below, which is an average of the results of several tests, and is representative.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the comparative tests, comparative examples 1-2 do not follow the following technical solution according to the present invention:
sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching for opening moisture for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the width of a furrow is 25-35 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 100-120 cm, the height of the moisture is 20-35 cm, the moisture surface is finished, operation is carried out on the moisture surface, strip-furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each moisture surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; the lily and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the lily is 10-18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3-5 plants, the plant spacing of the konjak is 35-50 cm, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious compared with the embodiment of the invention, and the yield is relatively poor. Comparative example 3 no intercropping of konjak and lily was adopted, and the pest and disease damage was severe compared to example 3 of the present invention, the yield was poor, and the profit per mu was low.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the intercropping of the konjak and the lily can increase the biological diversity, inhibit the growth of land weeds, inhibit the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests.
The konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight by intercropping the konjak and the lily.
The two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the labor cost can be reduced, the planting and harvesting time of the konjak and the lily is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.
(2) Experiments and comparative analysis show that the konjak and lily intercropping can generate two economic benefits, reasonable intercropping has a yield increase effect compared with single intercropping, income can be increased, and the intercropping with reasonable synergism can exchange less investment for more economic income.
(3) The stable yield and the conservation and the reasonable intercropping can utilize different crop characteristics of the konjak and the lily to enhance the stress resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and disaster weather, achieve the stable yield and the conservation, improve the land utilization rate, reduce land rent and coordinate the contradiction of land competition of crops.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method for intercropping the konjak and the lily comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, sowing and cultivation, field management and pest control, and is characterized in that the sowing and cultivation comprises the following steps:
sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching for opening moisture for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the width of a furrow is 25-35 cm, the width of a moisture surface is 100-120 cm, the height of the moisture is 20-35 cm, the moisture surface is finished, operation is carried out on the moisture surface, strip-furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each moisture surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; and (3) intercropping lily and konjak, wherein the plant spacing of the lily is 10-18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35-50 cm.
2. The method for intercropping konjak and lily according to claim 1, wherein the sowing and cultivation comprises:
sowing konjak and lily in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm for opening furrow for planting, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surface is arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting of the strip furrows is carried out, 4 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 30 cm; the lily is intercropped with the konjak, the plant spacing of the lily is 15 cm, 1 konjak is planted among every 3 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 45 cm.
3. The method for intercropping konjak and lily according to claim 1, wherein the pest control comprises controlling soft rot and southern blight of konjak by: the sterilization agent is mixed with the konjaku spirit to be watered and irrigated to roots or sprayed to leaf surfaces for preventing and treating; in 7-8 months, ditching and draining water, removing diseased plants and performing disinfection treatment.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control comprises controlling damping off and root rot of lily by crop rotation, seed ball and soil disinfection.
5. The method for intercropping konjak and lily according to claim 4, wherein 3000-4000 times of 95% hymexazol wettable powder is sprayed to roots at the early stage of onset of damping-off and root rot of lily to dredge three ditches, and drainage work is performed after rain to reduce field humidity.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pest control of the lily comprises: before sowing, soil treatment is carried out, and fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied; when underground insect pests are discovered, 1000 times of emulsion of 48% chlorpyrifos or 800 times of emulsion of 50% phoxim is used for irrigating roots.
7. The method for intercropping konjak and lily according to claim 1, wherein the preparing soil comprises: deep ploughing, drying soil and carrying out furrow-drying on the pre-planted land at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months, ridging with the furrow surface width of 1.5m, the ridge height being about 20-30 cm and the furrow width being about 25-35 cm; preferably, the ridges are 25cm high and the furrows 30cm wide.
8. The method for intercropping konjak and lily according to claim 1, wherein the field management comprises fertilization by: applying 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu; the top dressing is carried out twice, 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of the month 6, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of the month 8.
9. The method for intercropping konjak and lily according to claim 1, wherein the seed selection is performed by a method comprising: the konjak adopts Jindi No. 1, has the appearance form of round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases and no injuries, bright red terminal buds and single improved variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg;
the lily is a seed ball which is bright in color, tight in cohesion, strong in root system, free of diseases and pests and 20-40 g in net weight.
10. The method for intercropping konjak and lily according to claim 9, wherein the seed konjak is tedded for 1 to 2 days before sowing, and the seed is dressed with multi-element sterilizing powder before sowing; soaking the seed balls of the lily in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 20-30 minutes, fishing out and drying, and waiting for sowing.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112772313A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal |
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| CN113575323A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and quinoa |
| CN113575331A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and flemingia macrophylla |
| CN113615519A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-09 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological covering cultivation method for konjak by using grass to cure grass |
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| CN113575323A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and quinoa |
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| CN113615519A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-09 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological covering cultivation method for konjak by using grass to cure grass |
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