CN111226722A - Konjak and pinellia ternate intercropping cultivation method - Google Patents
Konjak and pinellia ternate intercropping cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop intercropping cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternate. The cultivation method for the interplanting of the konjak and the pinellia ternata comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, sowing and cultivation, field management and pest control, wherein the sowing and cultivation comprises the following steps: sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching for furrow opening for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the furrow width is 25-35 cm, the furrow surface width is 100-120 cm, the furrow height is 20-35 cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, strip furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; and (3) interplanting pinellia ternata and konjak, wherein the plant spacing of the pinellia ternata is 10-18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35-50 cm. The invention intercrops the konjak and the pinellia ternate to achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight, improves the efficiency of field management, reduces the labor input, saves the working time and reduces the cost, and the pinellia ternate harvested by intercropping contains higher content of soluble protein and extract.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop intercropping cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternate.
Background
Amorphophallus konjac (Amorphophalus konjac) also called Amorphophallus konjac belongs to Araceae (Araceae) Amorphophallus (Amorphophalus blume), perennial tuber plants, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, etc. The konjak tuber contains rich glucomannan, has the characteristics of water absorption, gel property, caking property and low-heat edible property, and has wide application in food processing, daily chemicals, health care products and the like. The rhizoma Amorphophalli has effects of lowering blood sugar level, reducing blood lipid, lowering blood pressure, removing toxic substance, caring skin, dredging collaterals, reducing weight, relaxing bowels, and promoting appetite, and is a health food.
The soft rot of konjak is commonly called as 'barbadosnut', is a main disease in konjak production, can occur in the growth period and the storage period, causes the rottenness of leaves, petioles and corms, is concurrent with southern blight, has larger harm and even can be completely recovered. In addition, the konjak planting is generally carried out in the field, weeds can grow rapidly if the konjak is not weeded, the konjak compete for nutrition and illumination with konjak, at present, two weeding modes of artificial weed pulling and herbicide weeding can be adopted, artificial weeding is usually carried out for several times, the workload is great, the efficiency is high when the herbicide is adopted for weeding, the herbicide has certain side effect, a lot of harm can be generated in the using process, generally, the herbicide has certain influence on plants, pathogens, soil microorganisms, the environment and the like, the environment pollution can be caused, and the human body can be indirectly injured.
Pinellia ternate (Pinellia ternata) is called Pinellia ternata, herba scutellariae barbatae, three-step jumping and Maranta arundinacea, is a perennial herb of Araceae, has spherical tuber with diameter of 0.5-3.0cm, leaves are planted on the top of the tuber, and the lower part of the petiole is provided with a white or brown bulbil. Pinellia is parthenocarpic flower, female flower and quilt are grown under the rachis, while the male flower of pinellia is white, and is grown on the upper part of rachis, and there is no quilt, and the stamens are densely gathered into cylindrical form, and spaced from female flower at two ends of rachis. The round bag of pinellia tuber has a small hole at the position of the bag, which can be connected with the upper and lower parts, the tail end of the inflorescence is in tail shape, and the green or light green round bag is extended from the tail end and is in vertical shape or S-shaped bending shape. It is widely distributed in the Yangtze river basin of China, northeast China, North China and other regions, and also distributed in the northwest region, the West Hezhou of Longnan City of Gansu province is called "thousand-year drug village", the flowering phase is generally 5-7 months, and the fruit phase is generally 8-9 months. Pinellia ternata has stronger reproductive capacity, is favorable for warm and humid environments, is not exposed to the sun, is cold-resistant but not drought-resistant, is suitable for growth of loose and breathable sandy loam, is supplemented with water during drought in summer, can be used for crop rotation of pinellia ternata, leguminous plants and corns during field planting, is favorable for improving soil, and can be used for growing wild pinellia ternata generally in front of houses, behind houses, mountain streams and under forests. Pinellia ternate has the effects of eliminating dampness and phlegm, lowering adverse qi and relieving cough, disintegrating masses and resolving masses, and is used for treating damp-phlegm cold drink, emesis, regurgitation, cough, asthma and excessive phlegm, chest fullness and distention, phlegm syncope and headache, dizziness and insomnia, external carbuncle and swelling, and can be used for treating phlegm-excessive cough, phlegm-fluid dizziness and palpitation, internal phlegm vertigo, emesis, regurgitation, chest and abdominal stuffiness and globus hystericus.
The intercropping means a planting mode of planting two or more than two crops in the same field in the same growing period in rows or zones at intervals. The intercropping can improve the land utilization rate, and the crop compound group formed by the intercropping can increase the interception and absorption of sunlight and reduce the waste of light energy. The two crops can also produce complementary action when intercropping, and the intercropping effect is improved by reasonably matching the crops with different plant types and slightly different growth periods and arranging planting row spacing with different widths in the field.
The invention is especially put forward in order to explore plant groups suitable for intercropping with pinellia ternata, carry out reasonable intercropping, have multiple purposes in one field and carry out three-dimensional planting, fully utilize light energy and places, improve the yield and the quality of crops in unit area, achieve the consideration of ecological, economic and social benefits and promote the beneficial change of agricultural economic structures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternate, which can increase biological diversity, inhibit growth of weeds in land, inhibit occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests. The konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight by intercropping the konjak and the pinellia.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the cultivation method for the interplanting of the konjak and the pinellia ternata comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, sowing and cultivation, field management and pest control, wherein the sowing and cultivation comprises the following steps:
sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching for furrow opening for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the furrow width is 25-35 cm, the furrow surface width is 100-120 cm, the furrow height is 20-35 cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, strip furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; and (3) interplanting pinellia ternata and konjak, wherein the plant spacing of the pinellia ternata is 10-18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35-50 cm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the sowing and cultivation includes:
sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm, digging moisture to plant, planting, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, arranging the furrow surfaces, operating on the furrow surfaces, transplanting the seeds into the furrows, planting 4 rows on each furrow surface, and planting the row spacing at 30 cm; the pinellia ternate and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 15 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 45 cm.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the pest control in the method for cultivating konjak and pinellia ternata comprises controlling soft rot and southern blight of konjak, and the method comprises: the sterilization agent is mixed with the konjaku spirit to be watered and irrigated to roots or sprayed to leaf surfaces for preventing and treating; in 7-8 months, ditching and draining water, removing diseased plants and performing disinfection treatment.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the pest control in the method for cultivating konjak and pinellia ternata comprises controlling leaf spot of pinellia ternata, and the method comprises: spraying 500 times of 65% zineb solution at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying 1 time every 8 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the pest control in the method for cultivating rhizoma amorphophalli by intercropping rhizoma pinelliae comprises tuber rot control of rhizoma pinelliae, and the pest control method comprises: in rainy season or after heavy rain, the ditch is dredged and drained, and in the early stage of disease, 5 percent lime milk is used for showering the holes.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the pest control in the method for cultivating rhizoma amorphophalli by intercropping rhizoma amorphophalli comprises controlling viral diseases of rhizoma pinelliae, and the method comprises: selecting disease-free pinellia tuber plants for reserving seeds, removing the plants when disease plants are found, burning the plants intensively to bury deeply, and irrigating disease holes with 5% lime milk.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the pest control in the method for cultivating rhizoma amorphophalli by intercropping rhizoma amorphophalli comprises controlling viral diseases of rhizoma pinelliae, and the method comprises: spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid or 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion liquid for 1 time every 5-7 days for 2-3 times continuously in the young period of the pests.
The land preparation method for the konjak and pinellia ternate intercropping comprises the steps of preparing land for konjak and preparing land for pinellia ternate, wherein the method for preparing the land for the konjak comprises the steps of deeply ploughing 25-30cm soil for the first time, uniformly mixing 2000kg of farmyard manure and 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu of land, then applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil, deeply ploughing the soil for the second time, crushing the upturned soil and cleaning a field for later use;
the method for preparing the land for the pinellia ternata comprises the steps of deeply ploughing sandy loam by 20-25 cm, making a furrow with the width of 1-1.5 m, and making a furrow with the width of 25-30cm and the depth of 15-20 cm for later use.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the field management in the method for cultivating konjak and pinellia ternata comprises fertilization, and the method for fertilizing pinellia ternata comprises: after pinellia is sowed or planted, 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard fine fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate are used for scattering and covering seeds or roots of pinellia plants, irrigation is carried out, and additional fertilizer is applied for 3-5 times in the growing period.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternata adopts the following method to perform the seed selection: the konjak adopts Jindi No. 1, has the appearance form of round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases and no injuries, bright red terminal buds and single improved variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg; preferably, the seed taro of the konjak is turned over and aired for 1-2 days before sowing, and the seed is mixed with the multi-element disinfection powder before sowing;
pinellia ternata is bred by tubers, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: pinellia ternata is cultivated for 2-3 years, underground tubers are dug after seedlings are poured in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months, tubers with 0.5-10 cm thick transverse stems and strong growth without diseases and insect pests are selected as seeds, the seeds are mixed with fine sandy soil with certain humidity, and the seeds are stored in ventilated and cool places for later use;
pinellia ternata is bred by adopting bulbil, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: carrying out strip planting by utilizing mature bulbils under the leafstalks of the pinellia ternata in summer and autumn, wherein the row spacing is 10-16 cm, the plant spacing is 6-10 cm, holes are opened, 3-5 bulbils of the pinellia ternata are placed in each hole, the thickness of covering soil is 1.6cm, and pinellia ternata plants are cultivated for later use;
pinellia ternata is propagated by adopting seeds, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: selecting pinellia ternate of more than two years, collecting mature seeds 8-12 days after blooming in autumn, and storing in wet sand for later use.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(I) ecological benefits
1. The biological diversity can be increased by the intercropping of the konjak and the pinellia ternate, the growth of land weeds is inhibited, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is inhibited, and the economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; the konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight by intercropping the konjak and the pinellia ternate; the two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the labor cost can be reduced, the planting and harvesting time of the konjak and the pinellia ternate is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.
2. The stable yield and the conservation and the reasonable intercropping can utilize different crop characteristics of the konjak and the pinellia ternate, enhance the stress resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and disaster weather, achieve the stable yield and the conservation, improve the land utilization rate, reduce land rent and coordinate the contradiction of land competition of crops.
(II) economic benefits
1. Economic benefit of interplanting konjak with pinellia
(1) Yield: the result of the intercropping planting test of the konjak and the pinellia ternate shows that the yield of konjak (commercial konjak and seed konjak) in one mu of land is 1615kg, the yield of commercial konjak is 1061kg, the yield of seed konjak is 554kg, and seed konjak comprises two konjak and seed konjak (wherein the yield of the two konjak is 413kg, and the yield of the seed konjak is 141 kg); the yield of pinellia tuber is 150 kg.
(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the fresh konjak in 2019, the commercial konjak is 6 yuan per kilogram, and the yield value of 1061kg is 6366 yuan; the rhizoma Amorphophalli has 15 yuan per kg, and the output value of 413kg is 6195 yuan; the yield of the seed taro is 35 yuan per kilogram, and the yield value of 141kg is 4935 yuan; the total yield of rhizoma Amorphophalli is 17496 yuan. According to the current market price of pinellia ternate, 40 yuan is added to each kilogram of pinellia ternate, and the yield value of the pinellia ternate with the yield of 150kg is 6000 yuan. The total yield of one acre of the konjak and the pinellia tuber intercropping is 23496 yuan.
(3) Cost and expense: the method is characterized in that the purchasing cost of konjak seeds is 3500 yuan, the purchasing cost of pinellia tuber seeds is 2000 yuan, the land rental cost is 600 yuan, the planting labor cost is 1000 yuan, the harvesting labor cost is 1500 yuan, the management cost is 200 yuan, and the fertilizer cost is 500 yuan. The cost for intercropping konjak and rhizoma pinelliae for one mu is 9300 yuan.
(4) Profit: the pure profit income can be obtained by intercropping the konjak and the pinellia ternate for one mu of land, and the income is 14196 yuan.
2. Economic benefit of pure konjak
(1) Yield: 1730kg per unit yield of pure konjak planted in one mu of land, (wherein 1140kg of commercial konjak, 423kg of secondary konjak and 167kg of seed konjak).
(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the fresh konjak in 2019 years, the commercial konjak is 6 yuan per kilogram, and the commercial konjak yield of 1140kg is 6840 yuan; the yield of the konjak is 15 yuan per kg, and the yield of the konjak with the yield of 423kg is 6345 yuan; the yield of the seed taro is 35 yuan per kilogram, and the yield value of the seed taro with the yield of 167kg is 5845 yuan. And (4) comprehensively calculating, wherein the total yield of the pure konjac planted in one mu of land is 19030 yuan.
(3) Cost and expense: the purchasing cost of the konjak seeds is 3500 yuan, the land lease cost is 600 yuan, the planting labor cost is 1000 yuan, the weed removal labor cost is 1500 yuan, the collection labor cost is 1500 yuan, the management cost is 220 yuan, the fertilizer cost is 500 yuan, and the pesticide cost is 200 yuan. The total number is 9020 yuan.
(4) Profit: the pure konjak planted in one mu of land can obtain the pure profit income of 10010 yuan.
3. Test comparison conclusion
(1) Although the yield of the konjak intercropping pinellia tuber is reduced by 115kg and 6.6 percent compared with the pure konjak, the total benefit is increased (firstly, the artificial weeding cost is reduced by 1500 yuan, the pesticide is reduced by 200 yuan, the total cost is 1700 yuan, and secondly, the income of the planted pinellia tuber is increased by 6000 yuan), the total profit of the konjak intercropping with the pinellia tuber is increased by 4186 yuan compared with the pure konjak, the effect is increased by 41.8 percent compared with the pure konjak, the environmental pollution pressure is reduced by not applying the pesticide, and the raw materials of the produced pollution-free food are ecological benefits and social benefits which cannot be calculated.
(2) The konjak and pinellia ternate intercropping can generate two economic benefits, the reasonable intercropping has the effect of increasing the yield compared with the single intercropping, the income can be increased, and the reasonable intercropping with the effect enhancement can exchange less investment for more economic income. According to the national policy, two reductions are implemented in agricultural production, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the use of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides can be reduced by interplanting the konjak and the pinellia, so that the production cost is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
(3) The experiment comparison shows that the soluble protein and extract content of the pinellia ternate intercropped with the konjac are improved and the quality is better after the pinellia ternate is harvested.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(one) land selection
The method is characterized in that a gentle slope with the characteristics of leeward and sunny exposure, convenient irrigation and drainage, good illumination condition and no strong illumination is selected, sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, partial acid rich in organic matters and humus and easy drainage is selected as the suitable land, pinellia ternate is planted in sandy loam with deep sunny and thick soil layer, previous crops are leguminous or gramineous crops, underground weeds are not bred, drainage is good, organic matters are rich, the land selection requirements of the two crops are integrated, and the land which can simultaneously meet the land selection requirements of the two crops is preferably planted.
(II) soil preparation
Deep ploughing 25-30cm of soil for the first time for a konjak land at the bottom of 2 months and 3 months, drying soil and upturned soil in thin layers, uniformly mixing 2000kg of fully-decomposed farmyard manure and 100kg of calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer per mu, then applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil, deep ploughing 30cm of soil for the second time, and after crushing upturned soil and cleaning a field, ridging with a furrow surface width of 1500cm, a ridge height of 20cm and a furrow width of 35cm for later use.
The land preparation method for pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: deep ploughing sandy loam 20-25 cm to form a furrow with the width of 1-1.5 m, wherein the furrow width is 25-30cm, and the depth is 15-20 cm for later use.
(III) seed selection
Selecting a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance from the konjac seeds, wherein the appearance form is round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases or injuries, bright red terminal buds and a single fine variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg, turning over and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder to disinfect the surface branches and main buds of the konjac at one time before sowing;
pinellia ternata is bred by tubers, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: pinellia ternata is cultivated for 2-3 years, underground tubers are dug after seedlings are poured in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months, tubers with 0.5-10 cm thick transverse stems and strong growth without diseases and insect pests are selected as seeds, the seeds are mixed with fine sandy soil with certain humidity, and the seeds are stored in ventilated and cool places for later use;
pinellia ternata is bred by adopting bulbil, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: carrying out strip planting by utilizing mature bulbils under the leafstalks of the pinellia ternata in summer and autumn, wherein the row spacing is 10-16 cm, the plant spacing is 6-10 cm, holes are opened, 3-5 bulbils of the pinellia ternata are placed in each hole, the thickness of covering soil is 1.6cm, and pinellia ternata plants are cultivated for later use;
pinellia ternata is propagated by adopting seeds, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: selecting pinellia ternate of more than two years, collecting mature seeds 8-12 days after blooming in autumn, and storing in wet sand for later use.
(IV) sowing and cultivating
Sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm, digging moisture to plant, wherein the furrow width is 35cm, the furrow surface width is 20cm, the furrow height is 35cm, the furrow surface is finished, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting is carried out in the form of strips and furrows, 5 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 35 cm; the pinellia ternate and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 12 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 4 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35 cm.
(V) field management and pest control
After the konjak seedlings emerge or when the konjak leaves are put in the spring, the rotten-eliminating agent is mixed with the konjak spirit to be watered and irrigated into roots or sprayed on the leaf surfaces to prevent and control; in 7-8 months, rainwater is more, and is the peak period of konjak disease, and in the period, ditching and drainage are required to be paid attention to ensure that a water path is smooth, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
the method for preventing and treating the leaf spot of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: spraying 500 times of 65% zineb solution at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying 1 time every 8 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.
The control method of tuber rot of pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: in rainy season or after heavy rain, the ditch is dredged and drained, and in the early stage of disease, 5 percent lime milk is used for showering the holes.
The prevention and treatment method for the virus diseases of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: selecting disease-free pinellia tuber plants for reserving seeds, removing the plants when disease plants are found, burning the plants intensively to bury deeply, and irrigating disease holes with 5% lime milk. Spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid or 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion liquid for 1 time every 5-7 days for 2-3 times continuously in the young period of the pests.
After pinellia is sowed or planted, 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard fine fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate are used for scattering and covering seeds or roots of pinellia plants, irrigation is carried out, and additional fertilizer is applied for 3-5 times in the growing period.
The topdressing of the konjak is carried out twice, wherein 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of 6 months, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of 8 months.
(VI) harvesting
Before and after the middle ten days of 11 months, the konjak plants begin to fall off, and the konjak plants are dug and harvested on sunny days; and (3) cultivating the pinellia ternata for 2-3 years, digging underground tubers of the pinellia ternata which is poured into seedlings in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months every year, sorting the harvested konjac and the harvested pinellia ternata tubers according to sizes, and packaging and transporting the rhizoma pinelliae in a basket or a mesh bag.
Example 2
(one) land selection
The method is characterized in that a gentle slope with the characteristics of leeward and sunny exposure, convenient irrigation and drainage, good illumination condition and no strong illumination is selected, sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, partial acid rich in organic matters and humus and easy drainage is selected as the suitable land, pinellia ternate is planted in sandy loam with deep sunny and thick soil layer, previous crops are leguminous or gramineous crops, underground weeds are not bred, drainage is good, organic matters are rich, the land selection requirements of the two crops are integrated, and the land which can simultaneously meet the land selection requirements of the two crops is preferably planted.
(II) soil preparation
Deep ploughing the konjac land for the first time by 25-30cm at the bottom of 2 months and 3 months, drying soil and thin upturned soil, uniformly mixing 2000kg of fully-decomposed farmyard manure and 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu, then applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil, deep ploughing the soil for the second time by 30cm, and after crushing the upturned soil and cleaning a field, ridging with the furrow surface width of 1500cm, the ridge height of 25cm and the furrow width of 30cm for later use.
The land preparation method for pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: deep ploughing sandy loam 20-25 cm to form a furrow with the width of 1-1.5 m, wherein the furrow width is 25-30cm, and the depth is 15-20 cm for later use.
(III) seed selection
Selecting a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance from the konjac seeds, wherein the appearance form is round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases or injuries, bright red terminal buds and a single fine variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg, turning over and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder to disinfect the surface branches and main buds of the konjac at one time before sowing;
pinellia ternata is bred by tubers, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: pinellia ternata is cultivated for 2-3 years, underground tubers are dug after seedlings are poured in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months, tubers with 0.5-10 cm thick transverse stems and strong growth without diseases and insect pests are selected as seeds, the seeds are mixed with fine sandy soil with certain humidity, and the seeds are stored in ventilated and cool places for later use; pinellia ternata is bred by adopting bulbil, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: carrying out strip planting by utilizing mature bulbils under the leafstalks of the pinellia ternata in summer and autumn, wherein the row spacing is 10-16 cm, the plant spacing is 6-10 cm, holes are opened, 3-5 bulbils of the pinellia ternata are placed in each hole, the thickness of covering soil is 1.6cm, and pinellia ternata plants are cultivated for later use;
pinellia ternata is propagated by adopting seeds, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: selecting pinellia ternate of more than two years, collecting mature seeds 8-12 days after blooming in autumn, and storing in wet sand for later use.
(IV) sowing and cultivating
Sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm, digging moisture to plant, planting, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, arranging the furrow surfaces, operating on the furrow surfaces, transplanting in furrows, planting 4 seeds on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 30 cm; the pinellia ternate and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 15 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 45 cm.
(V) field management and pest control
After the konjak seedlings emerge or when the konjak leaves are put in the spring, the rotten-eliminating agent is mixed with the konjak spirit to be watered and irrigated into roots or sprayed on the leaf surfaces to prevent and control; in 7-8 months, rainwater is more, and is the peak period of konjak disease, and in the period, ditching and drainage are required to be paid attention to ensure that a water path is smooth, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
the method for preventing and treating the leaf spot of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: spraying 500 times of 65% zineb solution at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying 1 time every 8 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.
The control method of tuber rot of pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: in rainy season or after heavy rain, the ditch is dredged and drained, and in the early stage of disease, 5 percent lime milk is used for showering the holes.
The prevention and treatment method for the virus diseases of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: selecting disease-free pinellia tuber plants for reserving seeds, removing the plants when disease plants are found, burning the plants intensively to bury deeply, and irrigating disease holes with 5% lime milk. Spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid or 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion liquid for 1 time every 5-7 days for 2-3 times continuously in the young period of the pests.
After pinellia is sowed or planted, 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard fine fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate are used for scattering and covering seeds or roots of pinellia plants, irrigation is carried out, and additional fertilizer is applied for 3-5 times in the growing period.
The topdressing of the konjak is carried out twice, wherein 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of 6 months, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of 8 months.
(VI) harvesting
Before and after the middle ten days of 11 months, the konjak plants begin to fall off, and the konjak plants are dug and harvested on sunny days; and (3) cultivating the pinellia ternata for 2-3 years, digging underground tubers of the pinellia ternata which is poured into seedlings in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months every year, sorting the harvested konjac and the harvested pinellia ternata tubers according to sizes, and packaging and transporting the rhizoma pinelliae in a basket or a mesh bag.
Example 3
(one) land selection
The method is characterized in that a gentle slope with the characteristics of leeward and sunny exposure, convenient irrigation and drainage, good illumination condition and no strong illumination is selected, sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, partial acid rich in organic matters and humus and easy drainage is selected as the suitable land, pinellia ternate is planted in sandy loam with deep sunny and thick soil layer, previous crops are leguminous or gramineous crops, underground weeds are not bred, drainage is good, organic matters are rich, the land selection requirements of the two crops are integrated, and the land which can simultaneously meet the land selection requirements of the two crops is preferably planted.
(II) soil preparation
Deep ploughing, sunning and furrow-drying the konjak land at the bottom of 2 months and in the beginning of 3 months, uniformly mixing 2000kg of fully-decomposed farmyard manure and 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu, then applying the mixture on the surface layer of soil, deep ploughing the soil for the second time by 35cm, cleaning the furrow and the farmland, and then ridging with the furrow surface width of 1500cm, the ridge height of 30cm and the furrow width of 35cm for later use.
The land preparation method for pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: deep ploughing sandy loam 20-25 cm to form a furrow with the width of 1-1.5 m, wherein the furrow width is 25-30cm, and the depth is 15-20 cm for later use.
(III) seed selection
Selecting a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance from the konjac seeds, wherein the appearance form is round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases or injuries, bright red terminal buds and a single fine variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg, turning over and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder to disinfect the surface branches and main buds of the konjac at one time before sowing;
pinellia ternata is bred by tubers, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: pinellia ternata is cultivated for 2-3 years, underground tubers are dug after seedlings are poured in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months, tubers with 0.5-10 cm thick transverse stems and strong growth without diseases and insect pests are selected as seeds, the seeds are mixed with fine sandy soil with certain humidity, and the seeds are stored in ventilated and cool places for later use;
pinellia ternata is bred by adopting bulbil, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: carrying out strip planting by utilizing mature bulbils under the leafstalks of the pinellia ternata in summer and autumn, wherein the row spacing is 10-16 cm, the plant spacing is 6-10 cm, holes are opened, 3-5 bulbils of the pinellia ternata are placed in each hole, the thickness of covering soil is 1.6cm, and pinellia ternata plants are cultivated for later use;
pinellia ternata is propagated by adopting seeds, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: selecting pinellia ternate of more than two years, collecting mature seeds 8-12 days after blooming in autumn, and storing in wet sand for later use.
(IV) sowing and cultivating
Sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching by 120 cm, digging moisture to plant, wherein the furrow width is 25cm, the furrow surface width is 100 cm, the furrow height is 20cm, the furrow surface is finished, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting is carried out, 6 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 25 cm; the pinellia ternate and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 50 cm.
(V) field management and pest control
After the konjak seedlings emerge or when the konjak leaves are put in the spring, the rotten-eliminating agent is mixed with the konjak spirit to be watered and irrigated into roots or sprayed on the leaf surfaces to prevent and control; in 7-8 months, rainwater is more, and is the peak period of konjak disease, and in the period, ditching and drainage are required to be paid attention to ensure that a water path is smooth, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
the method for preventing and treating the leaf spot of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: spraying 500 times of 65% zineb solution at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying 1 time every 8 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.
The control method of tuber rot of pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: in rainy season or after heavy rain, the ditch is dredged and drained, and in the early stage of disease, 5 percent lime milk is used for showering the holes.
The prevention and treatment method for the virus diseases of the pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: selecting disease-free pinellia tuber plants for reserving seeds, removing the plants when disease plants are found, burning the plants intensively to bury deeply, and irrigating disease holes with 5% lime milk. Spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid or 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion liquid for 1 time every 5-7 days for 2-3 times continuously in the young period of the pests.
After pinellia is sowed or planted, 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard fine fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate are used for scattering and covering seeds or roots of pinellia plants, irrigation is carried out, and additional fertilizer is applied for 3-5 times in the growing period.
The topdressing of the konjak is carried out twice, wherein 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the first ten days of 6 months, and 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the second ten days of 8 months.
(VI) harvesting
Before and after the middle ten days of 11 months, the konjak plants begin to fall off, and the konjak plants are dug and harvested on sunny days; and (3) cultivating the pinellia ternata for 2-3 years, digging underground tubers of the pinellia ternata which is poured into seedlings in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months every year, sorting the harvested konjac and the harvested pinellia ternata tubers according to sizes, and packaging and transporting the rhizoma pinelliae in a basket or a mesh bag.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 101 cm, digging moisture to plant, wherein the furrow width is 23 cm, the furrow surface width is 95 cm, the furrow height is 15 cm, the furrow surface is finished, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting of the strips and the furrows is carried out, 2 lines are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 21 cm; the pinellia ternate and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 8 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 2 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 30 cm. The rest of the process is the same as that of example 3, and will not be described herein.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 155 cm, digging moisture for planting, wherein the furrow width is 38 cm, the furrow surface width is 125 cm, the furrow height is 40 cm, the furrow surface is finished, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting is carried out in the form of strips and furrows, 7 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the pinellia ternate and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 20cm, 1 konjak is planted every 6 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 55 cm. The rest of the process is the same as that of example 3, and will not be described herein.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: konjak is planted only, and pinellia ternate is not intercropped. The rest of the process is the same as that of example 3, and will not be described herein.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the pinellia is planted only and is not intercropped with the konjak. The rest of the process is the same as that of example 3, and will not be described herein.
Test example 1
The test examined and tested the acre yields, weeds and pests of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 above, and the results are shown in table 1 below, which is an average of the results of several tests and is representative.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the comparative tests, comparative examples 1-2 do not follow the following technical solution according to the present invention: sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching for furrow opening for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the furrow width is 25-35 cm, the furrow surface width is 100-120 cm, the furrow height is 20-35 cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, strip furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; and (3) intercropping with the pinellia ternate and the konjac, wherein the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 10-18 cm, 1 konjac is planted every 3-5 plants, the plant spacing of the konjac is 35-50 cm, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious compared with those of the example 1-3, and the yield is relatively poor. Comparative examples 3 and 4 did not use the intercropping of konjak and pinellia ternate, and the pest and disease damage was serious compared with example 3 of the present invention, the comprehensive yield was poor, and the income per mu was low.
Test example 2
The quality of pinellia ternate harvested in examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-2 and comparative example 4 was tested in this test, and the content of soluble protein and water soluble substance (cold water leaching) of raw pinellia ternate of the same quality was tested using the same test equipment and conditions with reference to the Chinese pharmacopoeia or the related test methods for soluble protein of pinellia ternate in the existing report literature, and the test results are shown in Table 2. The test data in the table are representative of the average results of multiple tests.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the test data in Table 2, the soluble protein and extract contents of pinellia ternata obtained by the intercropping method are correspondingly improved, and the quality is better. Comparative examples 1-2 used the planting method of konjak and pinellia ternata intercropping, but without the planting scheme according to the present invention, there was room for improvement in the quality of pinellia ternata compared to examples 1-3 of the present invention. The pinellia ternate of comparative example 4 was planted alone and was relatively inferior in quality.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the intercropping of the konjak and the pinellia ternate can increase the biological diversity, inhibit the growth of land weeds, inhibit the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests.
The konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight by intercropping the konjak and the pinellia.
The two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the labor cost can be reduced, the planting and harvesting time of the konjak and the pinellia ternate is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.
(2) Experiments and comparative analysis show that the konjak and pinellia ternate intercropping can generate two economic benefits, reasonable intercropping has a yield increase effect compared with single intercropping, income can be increased, and the intercropping with reasonable synergism can exchange less investment for more economic income.
(3) The stable yield and the conservation and the reasonable intercropping can utilize different crop characteristics of the konjak and the pinellia ternate, enhance the stress resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and disaster weather, achieve the stable yield and the conservation, improve the land utilization rate, reduce land rent and coordinate the contradiction of land competition of crops.
(4) The experiment comparison shows that the soluble protein and extract content of the pinellia ternate intercropped with the konjac are improved and the quality is better after the pinellia ternate is harvested.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method for the intercropping of the konjak and the pinellia ternate comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, sowing and cultivation, field management and pest control, and is characterized in that the sowing and cultivation comprises the following steps:
sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching for furrow opening for planting according to the length of 120-150 cm, wherein the furrow width is 25-35 cm, the furrow surface width is 100-120 cm, the furrow height is 20-35 cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, strip furrow transplanting is carried out, 3-6 rows are planted on each furrow surface, and the row spacing is 25-35 cm; and (3) interplanting pinellia ternata and konjak, wherein the plant spacing of the pinellia ternata is 10-18 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 35-50 cm.
2. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein the sowing and cultivation comprises:
sowing konjak and pinellia ternate in spring to clear sections, stretching according to 150 cm, digging moisture to plant, planting, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, arranging the furrow surfaces, operating on the furrow surfaces, transplanting the seeds into the furrows, planting 4 rows on each furrow surface, and planting the row spacing at 30 cm; the pinellia ternate and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing of the pinellia ternate is 15 cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 45 cm.
3. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternata according to claim 1, wherein the pest control comprises the control of soft rot and southern blight of konjak by the following steps: the sterilization agent is mixed with the konjaku spirit to be watered and irrigated to roots or sprayed to leaf surfaces for preventing and treating; in 7-8 months, ditching and draining water, removing diseased plants and performing disinfection treatment.
4. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternata according to claim 1, wherein the pest control comprises controlling leaf spot disease of pinellia ternata, and the method comprises the following steps: spraying 500 times of 65% zineb solution at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying 1 time every 8 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.
5. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternata according to claim 4, wherein the pest control comprises tuber rot control of pinellia ternata, and the pest control method comprises the following steps: in rainy season or after heavy rain, the ditch is dredged and drained, and in the early stage of disease, 5 percent lime milk is used for showering the holes.
6. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternata according to claim 4, wherein the pest control comprises controlling virus diseases of pinellia ternata, and the method comprises: selecting disease-free pinellia tuber plants for reserving seeds, removing the plants when disease plants are found, burning the plants intensively to bury deeply, and irrigating disease holes with 5% lime milk.
7. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternata according to claim 6, wherein the pest control comprises virus disease control of pinellia ternata, and the pest control method further comprises the following steps: spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid or 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion liquid for 1 time every 5-7 days for 2-3 times continuously in the young period of the pests.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the preparing the soil comprises preparing the soil for the konjac and preparing the soil for the pinellia ternata, and the method of preparing the soil for the konjac comprises: deeply ploughing 25-30cm soil for the first time, uniformly mixing 2000kg of farmyard manure and 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu of land, applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil, deeply ploughing the soil for the second time, crushing upturned soil and cleaning a field and a garden for later use;
the land preparation method for pinellia ternata comprises the following steps: deep ploughing sandy loam 20-25 cm to form a furrow with the width of 1-1.5 m, wherein the furrow width is 25-30cm, and the depth is 15-20 cm for later use.
9. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternate cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field management comprises fertilization, and the fertilization method of the pinellia ternate comprises the following steps: after pinellia is sowed or planted, 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard fine fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate are used for scattering and covering seeds or roots of pinellia plants, irrigation is carried out, and additional fertilizer is applied for 3-5 times in the growing period.
10. The method for intercropping konjak and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein the seed selection is performed by the following method: the konjak adopts Jindi No. 1, has the appearance form of round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick terminal buds, no diseases and no injuries, bright red terminal buds and single improved variety with the weight of 0.01-0.2 kg; preferably, the seed taro of the konjak is turned over and aired for 1-2 days before sowing, and the seed is mixed with the multi-element disinfection powder before sowing;
pinellia ternata is bred by tubers, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: pinellia ternata is cultivated for 2-3 years, underground tubers are dug after seedlings are poured in 6 months, 8 months or 10 months, tubers with 0.5-10 cm thick transverse stems and strong growth without diseases and insect pests are selected as seeds, the seeds are mixed with fine sandy soil with certain humidity, and the seeds are stored in ventilated and cool places for later use;
pinellia ternata is bred by adopting bulbil, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: carrying out strip planting by utilizing mature bulbils under the leafstalks of the pinellia ternata in summer and autumn, wherein the row spacing is 10-16 cm, the plant spacing is 6-10 cm, holes are opened, 3-5 bulbils of the pinellia ternata are placed in each hole, the thickness of covering soil is 1.6cm, and pinellia ternata plants are cultivated for later use;
pinellia ternata is propagated by adopting seeds, and the seed selection method comprises the following steps: selecting pinellia ternate of more than two years, collecting mature seeds 8-12 days after blooming in autumn, and storing in wet sand for later use.
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Application publication date: 20200605 |