CN103416183A - Artificial cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation and discloses an artificial cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis. The artificial cultivation method of the dioscorea zingiberensis comprises steps of seed selection, soil preparation, seed sowing, frame erecting, weeding, fertilizer applying, water drainage, pest control, ridging and harvest. Seed stem preprocessing is performed before seed sowing, and a seed stem preprocessing method is that 50% of carbendazol wettable powder is diluted into 1000 times to soak seed stems for 30 minutes or water is utilized to soak the seed stems for 30 minutes. The fertilizer applying comprises base fertilizer applying and additional fertilizer applying, wherein base fertilizers are compound fertilizers of potassium sulfate, and additional fertilizers are leaf fertilizers. The artificial cultivation method of the dioscorea zingiberensis overcomes the shortcoming that the existing artificial cultivation method of the dioscorea zingiberensis is non-standard in cultivation technology and low in harvest yield and saponin content and results in tuber rot due to blind fertilization, and is standard in cultivation technology, capable of avoiding tuber rot and high in harvest yield and saponin content.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant cover cultivation methods field, be specifically related to a kind of dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting.
Background technology
Dioscorea zingiberensis wright another name yellow ginger, duration and degree of heating root are the perennial winding herbaceous species of Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea plant.Mainly be distributed in the torrid zone, minority is distributed in subtropics and temperate zone, intersperses among each continent of the new Old World.Rhizome in dioscorea includes Chinese yam saponin, and its crude drug can be dispelled rheumatism, relaxed the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation, treatment of arthritis, coronary heart disease and water-snail eradication; Its saponin of extracting in root-like stock is the synthetic primary raw material with cortex hormone of aadrenaline, sex hormone and protein anabolic hormone class medicine of the effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesia, anesthesia, contraception, is also the important source material of producing Chuanlong Guanxinning, Diaoxinxue Kang; Except also having in addition antitumor action.Chinese yam also can produce alcohol, grease and glucose etc., and value is high, and purposes is very extensive.
Chinese yam is for being wound around herbaceous stem or woody climber, and minority is short and small draft; Under ground portion is root-like stock or stem tuber, and shape is various; Left-handed or the dextrorotation of stem, hairiness or without hair, spinosity or stingless; The leaf alternate, middle part is above to life sometimes, single leaf or palmately compound leaf, Dan Yechang is heart-shaped or avette, oval, and the leaflet of palmately compound leaf is often lanceolar or oval, and base goes out network of vein shape; Petiole reverses, and base portion has joint sometimes.Flower unisexuality or both sexes, dioecism, seldom homophyletic; Spend Dan Sheng, cluster or be arranged in spike, total shape or panicle; Fruit is capsule, berry or samara, capsule prismatic, every shuttle aliform, ripe rear top cracking; Seed has wing or aptery, and endosperm is arranged.
According to statistics, at present, more than international market year approximately needing Chinese yam saponin 2500T, and annual cut only has the 2000T left and right; More than domestic market year needing saponin 2000T, and actual cut quantity not sufficient 1000T, insufficiency of supply-demand is larger.China produces saponin 700T left and right per year, produce saponin per ton and approximately need 35T dry product Chinese yam, domestic market dry product Chinese yam valency is 6000-7000 unit/T, and international market saponin price is about 500,000 yuan/T, remarkable in economical benefits, the world of medicine is called " medicinal gold ", and because the bulk drug demand is larger, but wild resource destruction is more serious, cause the wild resource scarcity, only walk the road of artificial planting, could provide sufficient medicine source for market, development potentiality is large.Current artificial planting dioscorea zingiberensis wright technology lacks, and existing artificial planting and common agricultural plantation difference are little, lack on the one hand the NULL for the biological property of dioscorea zingiberensis wright; On the other hand, the conditions such as NULL soil, planting density and fertilizer practice that lack are on the results of dioscorea zingiberensis wright and the impact of effective content, usually due to blindly fertilising, cause fertilizer damage, cause the death of part plant and root-like stock seriously to rot, cause the dioscorea zingiberensis wright harvest yield of artificial planting little, effective content is low, is difficult to meet the need of market.In addition, the flat railway carriage or compartment nest that is out that current artificial planting is taked is broadcast or drilling, and this kind of planting type is subject to the impact of the natural climate condition such as rainy, arid, be difficult to improve harvest yield, in rainy situation, often form ponding, cause the Chinese yam anaerobic respiration, cause root-like stock to rot in a large number; Affect normal growth during arid and grow, the restriction production development.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is lack of standardization for planting technology in existing dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial planting, blindly fertilising and water disaster cause stem tuber to rot, harvest yield is low, the defect that saponin content is low, provide a kind of planting technology standard, avoid the dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting that stem tuber rots, harvest yield is high and saponin content is high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides following technical scheme: the dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting, comprise seed selection, whole ground, sowing, built, weeding, fertilising, row irrigation, the extermination of disease and insect pest, ridging and results step, do kind of a stem pretreatment before described sowing step, planting the stem preprocess method is: soak kind of stems with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilutions, or kind of the stem that is soaked in water;
Described sowing adopts ridge to plant drilling method or ridge cultivation nest is broadcast method;
Described fertilising step comprises and applying fertilizer to the subsoil and spraying fertilizer, and base fertilizer is that fertilizer or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer mix in farmers', and topdressing is foliage fertilizer; Farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%), potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50%) and oil cake.
Adopt the dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting of technical solution of the present invention, before the sowing step, do kind of a stem pretreatment, kind stem preprocess method is: soak kind of stems with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilutions, or kind of the stem that is soaked in water.Plant the stem pretreatment and can make kind of stem germination rate improve, increase harvest yield; 50% carbendazol wettable powder has bactericidal effect, dilutes 1000 times of immersion kind of stems and makes on the one hand kind of a stem absorb water in a large number, for germination provides sufficient moisture, plays on the other hand bactericidal effect, reduces kind of stem rot rotten; Kind of the stem that is soaked in water absorbs water kind of a stem in a large number, for germination provides sufficient moisture, improves kind of a stem germination rate.
Sowing adopts ridge to plant drilling method or ridge cultivation nest is broadcast method.Ridge plants makes that loosing soil is ventilative, water conservation and keeping fertility strong, can avoid field ponding, through the experimental study statistics, dioscorea zingiberensis wright is planted nest with ridge, and to broadcast the harvest yield of method the highest, is secondly the harvest yield that ridge plants drilling method, all can increase substantially harvest yield by more flat railway carriage or compartment seeding method.
The fertilising step comprises and applying fertilizer to the subsoil and spraying fertilizer, and applying fertilizers scientifically is one of important technique measure improved economic flow rate, avoids lavishment fertilizer to cause soil fertility to reduce and to plant stem rot rotten; Base fertilizer is that fertilizer or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer mix in farmers', and topdressing is foliage fertilizer, and farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%), potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50%) and oil cake.Base fertilizer is base manure, is the fertilizer of using prior to seeding, is mainly to supply with dioscorea zingiberensis wright needed nutrient in whole vegetative period, in the dioscorea zingiberensis wright process of growth, providing adequate nutrients; The effect of topdressing be mainly for supply crop certain period a large amount of needs to nutrient, or the deficiency of supplementary base fertilizer.Through the experimental study statistics, when base fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, output is the highest, is secondly that fertilizer mixes in farmers'.Farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%), potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50%) and oil cake, major part is organic manure, adds a small amount of phosphorus, potassium element, for the dioscorea zingiberensis wright process of growth provides sufficient nutrient component; Foliage fertilizer is to provide nutrition by blade, and palisade tissue and spongy tissue absorption by blade, on the one hand, can make nutrient enter plant corpus by blade rapidly, supplements the nutrients rapidly; On the other hand, for some fertilizer, as phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc fertilizer etc., if use as root, easily by soil fixing, affect application effect, and adopt foliage-spray just can not be subject to the restriction of soil condition, give full play to effect; Moreover, if to a large amount of applied nitrogens of soil, easily cause the accumulation of underground water and Nitrate in Vegetable, and take foliage fertilizer, can suitably reduce soil applying fertilizer amount, reduce remaining mineral nitrogen in the interior nitrate content of plant corpus and soil, both saved fertilizing amount, alleviated again the pollution at soil and water source.
Further, described farmers' mixes fertile raw material proportioning and is: the farmyard manure 1500-2000 of farmers' part, superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%) 40-60 part, potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50%) 5-15 part, oil cake 10-25 part.The economic benefit of suitable proportioning competence exertion maximum, through the experimental study statistics, fertile proportioning is mixed by this farmers' can improve dioscorea zingiberensis wright harvest yield in a large number.
Further, described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N
18P
6K
16>=40% every mu of 20-30kg or N
13P
17K
15>=45% every mu of 40-60kg.Through the experimental study statistics, use N
18P
6K
16>=40% every mu of 20-30kg or N
13P
17K
15>=45% every mu of 40-60kg all can increase substantially the harvest yield of dioscorea zingiberensis wright.
Further, described foliage fertilizer is Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer, and wherein, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%.Through test statistics research, execute foliage fertilizer in dioscorea zingiberensis wright production and can improve by a relatively large margin harvest yield, with foliage-spray Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1% for best.
Further again, described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N
18P
6K
16>=40% every mu of 25kg or N
13P
17K
15>=45% every mu of 50kg.Through test statistics research, N
18P
6K
16>=40% every mu of 25kg or N
13P
17K
15The best results of>=45% every mu of 50kg, at utmost improve the harvest yield of dioscorea zingiberensis wright.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Each embodiment and test dioscorea zingiberensis wright kind stem used derive from the artificial planting product of Chengkou County;
Embodiment mono-:
The plantation main points that following table is embodiment mono-, in Table 1:
Every mu of base fertilizer amount of application of table 1
Wherein one group of data of choosing in above-described embodiment illustrate:
1. wholely: selection height above sea level 400～900m scope on the sunny side, warm, air humidity is relatively large, row irrigation is convenient, zone without atmosphere, soil, water quality and industrial pollution, select loosing soil, sand loam or oil-sand soil fertile, pH value 5～7 to plant, the soil of choosing is dug or ploughs and turn over, owe thin leveling, choose cut weeds, stone, wait to sow.
2. seed selection: select that root-like stock is sturdy, even, vitality is strong, color of the leather is bright-coloured shinny, without damage by disease and insect, have root-like stock front end and the middle-end part of two eyes at least, long 6cm left and right, the fresh stem section more than heavy 20g is planted.Attention: storage wilting seed has a certain impact with harvest yield to emerging; Root-like stock is tiny, and relatively weak type and the one's old mother's stem of vitality should not be planted.
3. the preparation of base fertilizer: at least one moon before Chinese yam sowing, will ready work, every mu with the farmyard manure 1500kg of farmers', superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%) 50kg, potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50% left and right) 10kg, oil cake 15kg, people and animals' liquid dung is appropriate.To mix and mix thoroughly with apply fertilizer, and with dung polluted water water, mix and wet as degree, then by the fertilizer stack retting, the upper cover film be by its fermentation maturity, standby when sowing Chinese yam.
4. plant the stem pretreatment: by the kind stem chosen prior to seeding with 1000 times of the 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilute with waters 20min that soak seed.
5. sowing: open railway carriage or compartment by the 90cm width, furrow width 30cm is interior, then by earth in ditch toward two sides ridging on railway carriage or compartment, high 20cm left and right, ridge, keep 60cm, compartment top width 40cm left and right at the bottom of railway carriage or compartment, on railway carriage or compartment, duplicate rows is played the nest plantation, the dark about 10cm of nest, and nest is apart from the 20cm left and right, every nest plantation stem is large 1, little 2～3, impose the base fertilizer of getting ready after plantation, finally with earth in ditch, cover seed, the railway carriage or compartment face of take is smooth is degree, and now ridge is up to the 25cm left and right.
6. weeding is loosened the soil: take the manual method weeding, the weeds in Chinese yam vegetative period should be as far as possible except early, except little, take that to keep field be principle without weeds substantially, in conjunction with loosening the soil with spud is shallow, avoid showing soil and harden after weeding.
7. built: when the Chinese yam seedling grows to 30-40cm, with long bamboo or the small wooden in 1.5m left and right, by the triangle binding built of transplanting.
Draining with pour water: the Chinese yam rudiment is to the seeding stage, suitable water capacity 70～80%; Suitable water capacity of aerial growth stage is 65～75%, and the suitable water capacity of root-like stock expanding stage is 60～70%, notes the field row irrigation in whole breeding time.
9. topdress: spray leaf fertilizer carries out 2 times every year, June and the August of Chinese yam plant strain growth animated period, respectively sprays Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer 1 time, and the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%.
10. ridging: find that exposed root-like stock must earth up, the normal growth that is conducive to root system is grown and rhizomatic expanding, be not subject to the impact of extraneous other factors, can also prevent winter excessive low temperature to cause the root-like stock freeze injury, can create favorable conditions for high yield by ridging.
11. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Brown spot: its pests occurrence rule is to occur small circular or irregular brown scab on the old and new's blade, on spot, adularescent ash shape thing spreads to surrounding, edge is more obvious, progressively becoming hide-like makes cauline leaf blackening brown withered, sick leaf spreads to the surrounding leaf very soon, severe patient causes Chinese yam withered in flakes, larger on the harvest yield impact.The Chinese yam brown spot is a kind of fungal disease, and disease can endanger various crop, on invalid body, survives the winter, and field borrows air-flow and rainwater to propagate, hot and humid environment and continuous cropping ground and low-lying land, impeded drainage susceptible disease.Prevent and treat method: before and after onset all 500 times of liquid sprayings of 700 times of liquid of available imperial gram bacterium missible oil or 75% tpn control efficiency is preferably arranged, except also available mineral agricultural chemicals bordeaux mixture control in addition, every 10d spray 1 time, connect and spray 3～4 times.
Root rot: cause of disease belongs to Fusariumsp class in fungi, this disease is mainly at high temperature in 6～August, rainy season, very easily cause rotten kind under the ponding condition of field, diseased plant tendril base portion blackening brown after morbidity, disease section is slightly sagging, sometimes ftracture and go deep in cortex, some root-like stocks rotten half or more, a little less, severe patient complete stool root-like stock becomes water stain shape to rot, become the ghost shape after dry, diseased plant is injured, overground part is withered dead gradually, field diseased plant severe patient reaches more than 50%, the local plot had is dead in flakes, formation impact on harvest yield is very big, it will restrict the normal development of producing, therefore must be researched and solved, could create favorable conditions for high yield.Prevent and treat method: make draining unimpeded, accomplish not ponding of field, preventive effect is preferably arranged, if the field morbidity, at first note draining, do not make field that ponding occurs again, fill with and execute with 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder of 50% simultaneously, can prevent and treat the diffusion that diseased plant no longer continues rotten and diseased plant.
Insect pest: the Major Pests of Chinese yam is grub, and its larva gnaws rhizome, when serious, causes the disconnected stem of being short of seedling, and affects harvest yield.Prevent and treat method: use the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed during the Chinese yam plantation.While finding field grub harm, available oil cake and 90% chlorophos mix bait, are sprinkling upon the trapping of Chinese yam root, also 1500 times of liquid irrigating root controls of available 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
12. results: will plant the Chinese yam of 2 years before plant withered and do not sprout to the early March root-like stock of next year late November, select fine day or cloudy day, after first removing on railway carriage or compartment the climing and frame material of stem, excavate, the root-like stock of results is selected to the standby plantation of seed use, and remainder can directly or after dry processing be sold fresh goods.
Embodiment bis-:
The plantation main points that following table is embodiment mono-, in Table 2:
Every mu of amount of application of table 2
Wherein one group of data of choosing in above-described embodiment illustrate:
1. wholely: selection height above sea level 400～900m scope on the sunny side, warm, air humidity is relatively large, row irrigation is convenient, zone without atmosphere, soil, water quality and industrial pollution, select loosing soil, sand loam or oil-sand soil fertile, pH value 5～7 to plant, the soil of choosing is dug or ploughs and turn over, owe thin leveling, choose cut weeds, stone, wait to sow.
2. seed selection: select that root-like stock is sturdy, even, vitality is strong, color of the leather is bright-coloured shinny, without damage by disease and insect, have root-like stock front end and the middle-end part of two eyes at least, long 6cm left and right, the fresh stem section more than heavy 20g is planted.Attention: storage wilting seed has a certain impact with harvest yield to emerging; Root-like stock is tiny, and relatively weak type and the one's old mother's stem of vitality should not be planted, and should make commodity selling.
3. the preparation of base fertilizer: at least one moon before Chinese yam sowing, will ready work, use compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N
18P
6K
16>=40% every mu of 25kg.
4. plant the stem pretreatment: by the kind stem chosen prior to seeding with the 30min that soaks seed after 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilute with waters.
5. sowing: open railway carriage or compartment by the 90cm width, furrow width 30cm is interior, then by earth in ditch toward two sides ridging on railway carriage or compartment, high 20cm left and right, ridge, keep 60cm, compartment top width 40cm left and right at the bottom of railway carriage or compartment, on railway carriage or compartment, duplicate rows is played the nest plantation, the dark about 10cm of nest, and nest is apart from the 20cm left and right, every nest plantation stem is large 1, little 2～3, execute the base fertilizer of getting ready after plantation, finally with earth in ditch, cover seed, the railway carriage or compartment face of take is smooth is degree, and now ridge is up to the 25cm left and right.
6. weeding is loosened the soil: take the manual method weeding, the weeds in Chinese yam vegetative period should be as far as possible except early, except little, take that to keep field be principle without weeds substantially, in conjunction with loosening the soil with spud is shallow, avoid showing soil and harden after weeding.
7. built: when the Chinese yam seedling grows to 30-40cm, with long bamboo or the small wooden in 1.5m left and right, by the triangle binding built of transplanting.
Draining with pour water: the Chinese yam rudiment is to the seeding stage, suitable water capacity 70～80%; Suitable water capacity of aerial growth stage is 65～75%, and the suitable water capacity of root-like stock expanding stage is 60～70%, notes the field row irrigation in whole breeding time.
9. topdress: spray leaf fertilizer carries out 2 times every year, June and the August of Chinese yam plant strain growth animated period, respectively sprays Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer 1 time, and the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%.
10. ridging: find that exposed root-like stock must earth up, the normal growth that is conducive to root system is grown and rhizomatic expanding, be not subject to the impact of extraneous other factors, can also prevent winter excessive low temperature to cause the root-like stock freeze injury, can create favorable conditions for high yield by ridging.
11. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Brown spot: its pests occurrence rule is to occur small circular or irregular brown scab on the old and new's blade, on spot, adularescent ash shape thing spreads to surrounding, edge is more obvious, progressively becoming hide-like makes cauline leaf blackening brown withered, sick leaf spreads to the surrounding leaf very soon, severe patient causes Chinese yam withered in flakes, larger on the harvest yield impact.The Chinese yam brown spot is a kind of fungal disease.Disease can endanger various crop, on invalid body, survives the winter, and field borrows air-flow and rainwater to propagate, hot and humid environment and continuous cropping ground and low-lying land, impeded drainage susceptible disease.Prevent and treat method: before and after onset all 500 times of liquid sprayings of 700 times of liquid of available imperial gram bacterium missible oil or 75% tpn control efficiency is preferably arranged, except also available mineral agricultural chemicals bordeaux mixture control in addition, every 10d spray 1 time, connect and spray 3～4 times.
Root rot: cause of disease belongs to Fusariumsp class in fungi, this disease is mainly at high temperature in 6～August, rainy season, very easily cause rotten kind under the ponding condition of field, diseased plant tendril base portion blackening brown after morbidity, disease section is slightly sagging, sometimes ftracture and go deep in cortex, some root-like stocks by rotten half or more, a little less, severe patient complete stool root-like stock becomes water stain shape to rot, become the ghost shape after dry, diseased plant is injured, overground part is withered dead gradually, field diseased plant severe patient reaches more than 50%, the local plot had is dead in flakes, formation impact on harvest yield is very big, it will restrict the normal development of producing, therefore must be researched and solved, could create favorable conditions for high yield.Prevent and treat method: change planting patterns, level off and plant as the ridge cultivation, dark reason drain ditch, make draining unimpeded, accomplishes not ponding of field, preventive effect is preferably arranged, if the field morbidity, at first note draining, do not make field that ponding occurs again, fill with and execute with 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder of 50% simultaneously, can prevent and treat the diffusion that diseased plant no longer continues rotten and diseased plant.
Insect pest: the Major Pests of Chinese yam is grub, and its larva gnaws rhizome, when serious, causes the disconnected stem of being short of seedling, and affects harvest yield.Prevent and treat method: use the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed during the Chinese yam plantation.While finding field grub harm, available oil cake and 90% chlorophos mix bait, are sprinkling upon the trapping of Chinese yam root, also 1500 times of liquid irrigating root controls of available 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
12. results: will plant the Chinese yam of 2 years before plant withered and do not sprout to the early March root-like stock of next year late November, select fine day or cloudy day, after first removing on railway carriage or compartment the climing and frame material of stem, excavate, the root-like stock of results is selected to the standby plantation of seed use, and remainder can directly or after dry processing be sold fresh goods.
In addition, the research of tool statistical test, 1.31 times of the Chinese yam plantation ratio of the 2 years plantation volume increase of a year, per mu yield average out to 2365.55kg, more than high reached at 2500kg, and annual Chinese yam average yield per mu is 1034.62kg, the highest only has about 1100kg, illustrates that the Chinese yam plantation 2 years is the suitable results time limit.
Below the tests of various plantation factors on the dioscorea zingiberensis wright impact:
Test one: the impact of seed pretreatment on harvest yield
1. test material: select the fresh root-like stock above with 1-2 eye, occur without rotting, diameter 1.2-2.0cm, the stem section of long 6cm left and right makes to plant a stem.
2. experimental condition: select physical features on the sunny side, loosing soil, fertile be the yellowish-brown sand loam, pH value 5.0 left and right, row irrigation facilitates, and manually soil is owed carefully, chooses except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed:
Many bacterium of A:50% wetting powder, sow after 1000 times of immersion kind 30min;
B: sow after Seed soaking 30min;
C: do not soak seed seed sowing;
3 processing, repeat for 6 times, and random district group is arranged ，Gong 18 communities, community area 4.0 * 0.95m=3.8m
2, all take ridge to plant, the row nest is apart from 20 * 20cm, and per hectare is with planting a 3000kg.
In late March in whole good ground, by designing requirement, each is processed to community, open 40cm long, in wide ，Jiang railway carriage or compartment, the railway carriage or compartment ditch of 90cm, earth is toward Shang Cheng ridge, railway carriage or compartment, high 20cm left and right, ridge, wide 40cm, on the ridge performed, duplicate rows is beaten nest, and 40 nests are made a call in ，Mei community, dark 10cm left and right, after nest is accomplished fluently, execute high-concentration sulfuric acid K composite fertilizer N
13P
17K
15>=45% every mu of 50kg, evenly be spread in nest, then will plant stem size matching plantation, and one of large cultivation is little more than 2.After plantation, earth in ditch is owed carefully, carried in the railway carriage or compartment face and covering, more than thick 10cm, keep the railway carriage or compartment face substantially smooth.Field management in vegetative period term harmonization, in late November then Chinese yam when the plant yellow is withered on the ground, gather, removing after tendril fibrous root and earth weighs to survey immediately produces.
5. the research of seed pretreatment to the dioscorea zingiberensis wright yield effect, the results are shown in Table 3.
The contrast of table 3 seed pretreatment Chinese yam results output of fresh
As can be seen from Table 3, the output of processing with A is the highest, is secondly that B processes, and the output that C (contrast) processes is minimum.
6. conclusion
During the Chinese yam plantation, first with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or clear water, seed is soaked to 30min, allow seed fully absorb water, after seed soaking, sowing, can increase substantially economic flow rate, it is one of important technique measure improved output, the volume increase 18.78% and 14.08% of more not soaking seed respectively, therefore, in production, application 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or clear water will be sowed after the seed dipping pretreatment, all feasible, but large scale application.
Test two: the impact of Different Ways of Planting on harvest yield
1. test material: select root-like stock fresh, without rotting, occur, diameter 1.2～2.0cm, the stem section of long 6cm left and right makes to plant a stem.
2. experiment condition: selecting soil is the grey sand loam, pH value 5.4 left and right, and row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over the ground plough, more manually soil is owed carefully, to choose except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed:
A: flat railway carriage or compartment traverse furrow drilling;
B: flat railway carriage or compartment flute double rows line seeding;
C: flat railway carriage or compartment duplicate rows nest is broadcast;
D: ridge plants double rows line seeding;
E: ridge plants the duplicate rows nest and broadcasts;
5 processing, repeat ，Gong 15 communities 3 times, community area 3.00 * 0.90m, and distance between rows and hills 20 * 20cm, random district group is arranged, kind of a 200.0kg for mu, kind of a 0.80kg for community.
4. test method: on whole good soil, by designing requirement, open respectively flat railway carriage or compartment in late March, ridging trench digging or play the nest plantation, about dark 10cm, the high 20cm in ridge, after ditch or nest are accomplished fluently, first by high-concentration sulfuric acid K composite fertilizer N
13P
17K
15>=45% every mu of 50kg is sprinkling upon in ditch or nest uniformly, then the plantation of seed size being arranged in pairs or groups uniformly, one of large cultivation, little more than 2, after plantation, earth in ditch is overlying on to the railway carriage or compartment face, thick 10cm left and right, field management breeding time term harmonization, in late November then Chinese yam when the plant yellow is withered on the ground, gather, removing after tendril fibrous root, earth weighs to survey immediately produces.
5. result of the test
The impact of Chinese yam Different Ways of Planting on harvest yield, the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the output of processing with E is the highest, is secondly that D processes, and is that C, B process again, and it is the poorest that A processes.
6. conclusion
It is the highest that dioscorea zingiberensis wright plants with ridge the output that nest broadcasts, and is secondly that ridge plants drilling, and minimum is the level planting drilling, ridge plant that nest broadcasts than the volume increase of level planting drilling 28.19%.In production, take ridge to plant that nest is broadcast or drilling is all feasible, all can improve by a relatively large margin output.
Test three: dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer proportion research
1. test material: select the fresh root-like stock with the bud mouth, occur without rotting, diameter 1.2～2.0cm, the stem section about long 6cm is made test material
2. experiment condition: soil is the sandy loam of grey, pH value 5.4 left and right, and row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over the ground plough, more manually thin the soil rake, chooses except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed: in Table 5.
The design of table 5 dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer proportioning test
Annotate: the row nest is apart from 20 * 20cm
4. test method: in late March on whole good soil, by designing requirement, ridging is played the nest plantation, dark 10cm left and right, the high 20cm in ridge, after nest is accomplished fluently, each is processed to Amount of Base Fertilizer And and evenly be spread on respectively in nest, then by seed size collocation plantation, large every nest is planted 1, little more than 2, after plantation, earth in ditch is overlying on to the railway carriage or compartment face, thick 10cm left and right, respectively process field pipe term harmonization breeding time, gather when late November Chinese yam ground plant yellow then is withered, after removing tendril fibrous root, earth, weigh immediately to survey and produce.
5. result of the test
The impact of base fertilizer proportioning on output, the results are shown in Table 6.
The impact of table 6 base fertilizer proportioning on dioscorea zingiberensis wright harvest yield
From table 24, can find out, the output of processing with G is the highest, is secondly that D, C process, and the poorest is that F, E, B, A process.
6. conclusion
The Chinese yam cultivation is used appropriate compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and is made base fertilizer in producing, and can significantly improve output.
Test four: dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer different administration quantity research
1. test material: select root-like stock without damage by disease and insect and rot to occur, being with 1～2 above eye, the stem section of long 6cm left and right makes to plant a stem.
2. experiment condition: soil is loose, fertile pitchy sand loam, and row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over the ground plough, more manually soil owed carefully, chooses except tree root, weeds and stone, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed, in Table 7:
Table 7 dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer amount of application experimental scheme
All the other in farmers''s mixing fertilizer are: superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%), potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50%) and oil cake
4. test method: sow mid-March, ridging on the railway carriage or compartment of getting ready, more than high 20cm, then on ridge, duplicate rows is beaten nest, dark 10cm left and right, after nest is accomplished fluently, the base fertilizer of each processing is evenly imposed on respectively in the nest of design community, after fertilising, sow again, large cultivation 1 each, little 2～3, after sowing, carefully carry in railway carriage or compartment cover kind earth in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment is whole, keep the railway carriage or compartment face substantially smooth, high 25cm left and right, ridge, each is processed and topdresses, the fields such as weeding pipe term harmonization, when late November dioscorea zingiberensis wright ground plant yellow then is withered, excavate, remove tendril, fibrous root, weigh immediately after earth to survey and produce.
5. result of the test: in Table 8
The research of table 8 base fertilizer different administration amount to the dioscorea zingiberensis wright yield effect
As can be seen from Table 8, the output of processing with D6 is the highest, is secondly that D7 and D9 process, and the poorest is that D1 processes.
6. conclusion
In Chinese yam produces, base fertilizer should not be executed too much, with mu, executes 25kg compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N
18P
6K
16>=40% is good, and output is the highest, through test, demonstrate,prove: adopt compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N
13P
17K
15>=45% its effect is similar with it; Or use farmers' and mix fertilizer, be also feasible, can increase substantially economic flow rate, can save production cost again simultaneously.
Test five: dioscorea zingiberensis wright top dressing research
1. test material: select the fresh root-like stock with 1～2 above mouth of bud, occur without rotting, diameter 1.2～2.0cm, the stem section of long 6cm left and right makes to plant a stem;
It is 17% that Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer is selected the concentration of Choline Chloride, the fat brother in the ground that the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%, and Chongqing Shuan Feng chemical industry Co., Ltd produces, and specification is 50g * 100 bags, and properties of product are: its production-increasing function is to start the former base premature eruption of root; Improve the content of leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and carotenoids; Improve the activity of super mutase, promote cell division and expansion, the growth period of extension function leaf, the photosynthetic efficiency of enhancing blade;
The high grade producing agent, for Sichuan state light agricultural chemicals Co., Ltd produces, specification is 50g * 100 bags, properties of product: can promote the growth of plant, Differentiation and development; Promote the Crop mineral matter element, improve protein and sugar and divide content, improve product quality etc.; Promote in addition the long root of crops, leave, flower bud differentiation, increase is tillered, and promotes precocity, flower and fruit protecting.
2. experimental condition: soil is the grey sand loam, pH value 5.4, and row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over the ground plough, more manually soil is owed carefully, to choose except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed
A: 1000 times of liquid of the fat brother in ground;
B: 1000 times of liquid of yellow ginger high grade producing agent;
C: clear water (contrast).
In the Chinese yam seedling, neat and plant strain growth is contained phase foliage-spray liquid and is done top dressing, and every processing repeats for 3 times, the group arrangement of random district, totally 9 communities, community area 3.0 * 0.9m=2.7m
2, each is processed and takes ridge to plant, kind of a 200.00kg for mu, and kind of a 0.80kg for community, the row nest is apart from 20 * 20cm.
4. test method: in late March, on whole good soil, by designing requirement, ridging is played the nest plantation, dark 10cm, high 20cm left and right, ridge, after nest is accomplished fluently, after mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil, by the seed size plantation of arranging in pairs or groups uniformly, 1 of large every nest cultivation, little 2～3, after plantation, earth in ditch is overlying on to the railway carriage or compartment face, thick 10cm left and right, respectively process the field management term harmonization breeding time, gather when late November Chinese yam ground plant yellow then is withered, after removing tendril, fibrous root, earth, weigh immediately to survey and produce.
5. result of the test: in Table 9
Table 9 Chinese yam spray leaf fertilizer test output comparative result
As can be seen from Table 9, the output of processing with A is the highest, is secondly that B processes, and it is the poorest that C processes.
6. conclusion
The Chinese yam spray leaf fertilizer can significantly improve output, and wherein the fat brother's specific leaf area in foliage-spray ground sprays the volume increase 9.43% of yellow ginger high grade producing agent, and specific leaf area sprays the volume increase 24.07% of clear water; The specific leaf area of foliage-spray yellow ginger high grade producing agent sprays the volume increase 14.64% of clear water.Illustrate that thus in Chinese yam production, spray leaf fertilizer can improve output by a relatively large margin, but large scale application be take the fat brother in foliage-spray ground as good.
Total saponin and the yield comparison of the flat railway carriage or compartment artificial planting gained Chinese yam of the dioscorea zingiberensis wright of planting in the embodiment of the present invention and wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright and common species method for planting, in Table 10:
Table 10 dioscorea zingiberensis wright that the present invention plants and the contrast of wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright
Conclusion: wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright saponin content is a little more than artificial planting embodiment mono-of the present invention and embodiment bis-dioscorea zingiberensis wrights, but difference is not remarkable, and flat railway carriage or compartment artificial planting dioscin content is minimum; And the per mu yield of artificial planting embodiment mono-of the present invention and embodiment bis-dioscorea zingiberensis wrights is far longer than wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright peace railway carriage or compartment artificial planting.
For embodiments of the invention, order those skilled in the art of seed selection, whole ground, weeding, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, row irrigation step can make the appropriate adjustments as required, are not limited to embodiment mono-and the listed order of embodiment bis-.
For a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from structure of the present invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.
Claims (5)
1. the dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting, comprise seed selection, whole ground, sowing, built, weeding, fertilising, row irrigation, the extermination of disease and insect pest, ridging and results step, it is characterized in that:
Do kind of a stem pretreatment before described sowing step, kind stem preprocess method is: soak kind of stems with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilutions, or kind of the stem that is soaked in water;
Described sowing adopts ridge to plant drilling method or ridge cultivation nest is broadcast method;
Described fertilising step comprises and applying fertilizer to the subsoil and spraying fertilizer, and base fertilizer is that fertilizer or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer mix in farmers', and topdressing is foliage fertilizer; Farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%), potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50%) and oil cake.
2. dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described farmers' mixes fertile raw material proportioning and is: the farmyard manure 1500-2000 of farmers' part, superphosphate (P
2O
5>=12%) 40-60 part, potassium sulphate (K
2O>=50%) 5-15 part, oil cake 10-25 part.
3. dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N
18P
6K
16>=40% every mu of 20-30kg or N
13P
17K
15>=45% every mu of 40-60kg.
4. dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described foliage fertilizer is Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer, and wherein, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%.
5. dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N
18P
6K
16>=40% every mu of 25kg or N
13P
17K
15>=45% every mu of 50kg.
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| CN103703973A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-09 | 重庆华方武陵山制药有限公司 | Cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright |
| CN103947449A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-30 | 华南农业大学 | Cultivation method of Dioscorea composita |
| CN105493876A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-04-20 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for high-yield peanut cultivation in dry land |
| CN107750878A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-06 | 黄海民 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN112400643A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-02-26 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Weight-reducing and medicine-reducing preserved szechuan pickle cultivation method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103703973A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-09 | 重庆华方武陵山制药有限公司 | Cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright |
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| CN105493876A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-04-20 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for high-yield peanut cultivation in dry land |
| CN107750878A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-06 | 黄海民 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN112400643A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-02-26 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Weight-reducing and medicine-reducing preserved szechuan pickle cultivation method |
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