CN110226445A - A kind of cultural method of peach 2 years high yields - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of peach 2 years high yields Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method of peach 2 years high yields, comprising the following steps: step (1) selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；Step (2) improves soil, including selection soil and site preparation, and the deep basal dressing on soil, wherein the dose of organic fertilizer is 32t/hm2 ~ 38t/hm2 in the base manure, the dose of compound fertilizer is 700kg/hm2 ~ 800kg/hm2；Step (3), plant, including ridging carry out cave kind, and every cave applies 50g ~ 100g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer, and fertilising covers 30 centimeters of surface soils after mixing with soil, then transplants nursery stock, then sprays herbicide and covers black mulch film；Step (4), manages after plant, including pruning, fertilizer and water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, PBO balanced growth, rush flower rush fruit and flower and fruit thinning.The beneficial effects of the present invention are by high standard orchard establishment, reasonable liquid manure control promotees the integrated management of control in conjunction with pruning and PBO, shortens the time for reaching high yield, peach single plant 15 ~ 22kg fruit of the biennial age of tree.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of peach 2 years high yields.
Background technique
In life of today, peach is one of the main long-term cropping during we live, it can bring beauty to us
The fruit of taste, its fruit is fragrant and sweet and shows slightly crisp and refreshing when just mature, and with the development of science and technology, peach also generates
Many novel kinds, peach can bring many nutrition of people, have a large amount of vitamin and anthocyanidin in peach
Deng the substance beneficial to people's body.
It is to get bumper crops for 3 years high yields either 4 years mostly, for the management mould of 2 years high yields in current peach cultivar
Formula is very studied less, and the peach Cultivating techniques for developing 2 years high yields are critically important.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of peach 2 years high yields.
Specific technical solution is as follows:
A kind of cultural method of peach 2 years high yields, the difference is that, the cultural method of the peach 2 years high yields includes
Following steps:
Step (1), selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；
Step (2) improves soil, including selection soil and site preparation, and the depth Shi Ji on soil
Fertilizer, wherein the dose of organic fertilizer is 32t/hm2 ~ 38t/hm2 in the base manure, the dose of compound fertilizer is 700kg/
hm2~800kg/hm2；
Step (3), plant, including ridging carry out cave kind, and every cave applies 50g ~ 100g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer, fertilising with
Soil covers surface soil after mixing, then transplants nursery stock, then sprays herbicide and covers black mulch film；
Step (4), manages after plant, including pruning, fertilizer and water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
PBO balanced growth promotees flower rush fruit and flower and fruit thinning；
Wherein, the fertilizer and water management include inter-row green covering or full garden sward to grass system grass, increase fertility of land, by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months
Urea is imposed, mid-June imposes urea again, and early winter in late fall applies organic fertilizer or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, soil conservation are loose
And appropriateness arid.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in the step (2), select soil of the pH value between 6.5 ~ 8.0, plough deeply 50 centimeters ~
70 centimeters, irrigation system is repaired, road has been built；Will organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer mix after spread fertilizer over the fields or by organic fertilizer and compound
Fertilizer layering is embedded in bottom of trench, and groove both sides are penetrating, to drain.
It is a height of 30 centimeters ~ 40 centimeters of ridging, 1.0 meters wide ~ 1.2 meters in the step (3) in above-mentioned technical proposal, it digs
40cm × 40cm × 50cm pitting, hole bottom application adds 50g ~ 100g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and ploughs deeply to be mixed with subsoil, is mixed
30 centimeters of surface soils are covered after even, then full garden sprinkling Acetochlor or herbicide butachlor, cover black mulch film later；
Wherein, plant line-spacing is 4.0 meters ~ 4.5 meters, and spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters ~ 2.0 meters, and plantation density is 74 plants/acre ~ 110 plants/acre,
North and south row is to plantation.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in step (4) pruning, by peach pruning at " Y " font, high control is set
1 ~ 2 large-scale branch group is configured on 2.5m ~ 3.0m, every major branch
With 3 ~ 4 medium-sized branch group, remaining is growth branch or fruitful branch.
It is childhood garden winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, white in step (4) fertilizer and water management in above-mentioned technical proposal
Dish and rape, summer plant soya bean, Vigna sinensis sari Va, and adult garden autumn and winter plants villose vetch, cuts off May next year or naturally withered
Extremely, May, early and middle ten days sowed Vigna sinensis sari Va in the ranks.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step (4) the PBO balanced growth promotees flower and promotees in fruit, and annual peach whole year sprays 3 times
PBO liquid；Wherein, mid-July first time sprays 250-300 times of liquid,
Second of mid or late August sprays 250-300 times of liquid, sprays 100 ~ 200 times of liquid third time mid-September.In above-mentioned technical proposal, institute
It states in step (4) flower and fruit thinning, removes portion in squaring period
Potted flower bud, bud spacing are 5cm ~ 8cm；10-15 days progress fruit thinnings after fallen flowers, 30 centimeters or more fruit branches stay 3 ~ 4 fruits,
15-30 centimeters of fruit branches stay 2 ~ 3 fruits, and 15 centimeters or less fruit spurs stay 1 fruit, dredge and go double fruit, malformed fruit, disease pest fruits, fruitlet
And cella fruit, retain that fruit shape is rectified, fruit size is well-balanced and the good good fruit in raw orientation.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the specific steps of step (4) pruning include: shaping, liftoff after transplanted seedling tree
50cm ~ 55cm is done surely, spring selection towards row to and
Be staggered 15cm ~ 20cm two branch as major branch, two major branches are twisted into fiber crops towards opposite direction after major branch semi-lignified
Flower-shape is bound on bamboo pole or branch, 55 ° ~ 60 ° of angle of major branch and ground, raw to major branch at 60 ° ~ 70 ° angles between major branch
Pinching after long 30 centimetres, inspires young sprout, plucks upright young sprout, and young sprout semi-lignified post-tensioning branch turns round branch or takes branch, make branch at
45°~55°；
Trimming, annual tree when the winter cuts, select and remain two major branch light prunings first and do extending head, stay outer bud or lateral bud；Remaining branch is with the long tip
Based on trimming or pruning off, mainly remove sick branch, overstocked branch,
Thin and delicate branch and back branch take double branch updating methods to be trimmed, fruitful branch spacing 15cm ~ 20cm, second year, and young sprout is long extremely
Pinching when 25cm ~ 35cm, summer is using bud picking, pinching, the torsion tip, drawing branch or takes the one or more gimmick culture tree-shaped of branch, winter,
Wipe out sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth and vertical branch.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in step (4) fertilizer and water management, by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, imposing urea, cyclic annular or ditch
It applies, from trunk 30cm ~ 40cm, deep 15cm ~ 20cm, 100g/ plant are imposed once mid-June again like this, and early winter in late fall, cave has been applied
Machine fertilizer or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer dig long 80cm ~ 100cm, width 30cm, the hole depth 30cm ~ 50cm from trunk 40cm ~ 50cm,
1.0kg/ plants ~ 2.0kg/ plants decomposed manures or 0.2kg/ plants ~ 0.3kg/ plants potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizers.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in step (4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, a 2-5 Baume degrees stone was sprayed before winter to rudiment
Sulphur mixture or 1:1:1 times of Bordeaux mixture, the big raw M-45 of early spring spray
800 times+imidacloprid wp, 3000 times of mixed liquors or zinc sulfate lime liquor, mid-June spray 70% methyl
Thiophanate 3000 times of mixed liquors of 1500-2000 times+20% killing pyrethroids emulsion, spray mid-July
2500 times+carbendazim of cypermethrin, 500 times of medical fluids carry out integrated control disease pest.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are by high standard orchard establishment, reasonable liquid manure is controlled, in conjunction with
Pruning and PBO promote the comprehensive management mode of control, shorten the time for reaching high yield, and the peach single plant 15kg of the biennial age of tree ~
22kg fruit.
Specific embodiment
Further description is made to technical solution of the present invention below with reference to embodiment.
" PBO " described in term contains basic element of cell division BA (also known as promoting florigen), auxin derivative ORE, delayer alkene
Imitate azoles, increase sugared colorant, antifreezing agent, anticracking extract, maturing agent and
The effective components such as 10 various trace elements, control trunk infusion growth, promote high-quality flower_bud formation.1 year raw tree is first long to set
Promote flower afterwards, current year forms a large amount of high-quality buds, got bumper crops within the 2nd year.
Embodiment one
A kind of peach 2 years high yield cultural method, peach 2 years high yield cultural methods the following steps are included:
Step (1) selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；
Step (2) improves soil, selects soil of the pH value 7.0, ploughs deeply 60 centimeters, repairs irrigation system, built road,
It is spread fertilizer over the fields after organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are mixed or organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer's layering is embedded in bottom of trench, groove both sides are penetrating, with
Just it drains, the dose of organic fertilizer is 35t/hm2, and the dose of compound fertilizer is 700kg/hm2；
Step (3), plant, ridging carry out cave kind, a height of 32 centimeters of ridging, 1.2 meters wide, and it is small to dig 40cm × 40cm × 50cm
Hole, hole bottom application adds 60g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and ploughs deeply to be mixed with subsoil, 30 centimeters of surface soils is covered after mixing, then transplant
Nursery stock prevents fertilizer from burning with then full garden sprinkling Acetochlor or herbicide butachlor, cover black mulch film later；Wherein, it transplants
Line-spacing is 4.2 meters, and spacing in the rows is 1.8 meters, and plantation density is 100 plants/acre, and north and south row is to plantation.
Step (4), manages after plant, and pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, PBO balanced growth, promotees flower rush fruit at fertilizer and water management
And flower and fruit thinning；Fertilizer and water management include inter-row green covering or full garden sward to grass system grass, increase fertility of land, by the end of April to chasing after at the beginning of 5 months
Urea is applied, mid-June imposes urea again, and early winter in late fall applies organic fertilizer, and soil conservation is loose and appropriateness is arid.
Pruning: it by peach pruning at " Y " font, sets high control and configures 1 ~ 2 large size on 2.8m, every major branch
Branch group and 3 ~ 4 medium-sized branch group, remaining is growth branch or fruitful branch；
Concrete operations are as follows:
Shaping: liftoff 50cm ~ 55cm is done surely after transplanted seedling tree, spring selection towards row to and the 15cm ~ 20cm that is staggered two branches
Two major branches are twisted into twist shape towards opposite direction after major branch semi-lignified, bound on bamboo pole or branch by the tip as major branch, main
At 60 ° ~ 70 ° angles between branch, 55 ° ~ 60 ° of angle of major branch and ground, the pinching after major branch grows 30 centimetres inspires young sprout, plucks
Remove upright young sprout, young sprout semi-lignified post-tensioning branch turns round branch or takes branch, make branch it is at 45 ° ~ 55 °；
Trimming: annual tree when the winter cuts, selects and remain two major branch light prunings first and does extending head, stay outer bud or lateral bud；Remaining branch is with the long tip
Based on trimming or pruning off, sick branch, overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch and back branch are mainly removed, takes double branch updating methods to be trimmed, ties
Fruit branch spacing 15cm ~ 20cm, second year, young sprout it is long to 25cm ~ 35cm when pinching, summer using bud picking, pinching, turn round the tip, draw branch
Or the one or more gimmick culture tree-shaped of branch are taken, winter wipes out sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth and vertical branch；
Fertilizer and water management: childhood garden winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, Chinese cabbage and rape, summer plant soya bean, Vigna sinensis sari Va,
Adult garden autumn and winter plants villose vetch, cuts off May next year or naturally withered, and May, early and middle ten days sowed Vigna sinensis sari Va in the ranks, and 4
At the beginning of the end of month to 5 months, urea is imposed, ring-type fertilising, from trunk 30cm ~ 40cm, deep 15cm ~ 20cm, 100g/ plant, mid-June is like this
Primary, early winter in late fall is imposed again, from trunk 40cm ~ 50cm, is dug long 80cm ~ 100cm, width 30cm, the hole depth 30cm ~ 50cm, is applied
1.5kg/ plants of decomposed manures；
PBO balanced growth promotees flower and promotees fruit: annual peach whole year sprays 3 PBO liquid；Wherein, mid-July first time sprays 250 times of liquid,
Second of mid or late August sprays 200 times of liquid, third time
Mid-September sprays 120 times of liquid；
Flower and fruit thinning: removing part bud in squaring period, and bud spacing is 5cm ~ 8cm, half a month progress fruit thinning after fallen flowers, and 30 centimeters
The above fruit branch stays 3 ~ 4 fruits, and 15-30 centimeters of fruit branches stay 2 ~ 3 fruits, and 15 centimeters or less fruit spurs stay 1 fruit, dredge go it is double
Fruit, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, fruitlet and cella fruit, retain that fruit shape is rectified, fruit size is well-balanced and the good good fruit in raw orientation.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: sprayed a 1:1:1 times of Bordeaux mixture before winter to rudiment, early spring spray it is big it is M-45800 times raw+
3000 times of mixed liquors of imidacloprid wp, mid-June spray 1500 times -2000 times+20% of 70% thiophanate methyl, 3000 times of emulsion of killing pyrethroids
Mixed liquor sprays 2500 times+carbendazim of cypermethrin, 500 times of medical fluids mid-July and carries out integrated control disease pest.
Embodiment two
A kind of cultural method of peach 2 years high yields, the cultural method following steps of peach 2 years high yields:
Step (1), selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；
Step (2) improves soil, selects soil of the pH value between 6.5, ploughs deeply 70 centimeters, repairs irrigation system, built
Road；Will organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer mix after carry out spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer's layering and be embedded in bottom of trench, groove both sides are penetrating, to drain, have
The dose of machine fertilizer is
32t/hm2, the dose of compound fertilizer are 780kg/hm2；
Step (3), plant, ridging carry out cave kind, a height of 32 centimeters of ridging, 1.2 meters wide, and it is small to dig 40cm × 40cm × 50cm
Hole, hole bottom application adds 80g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and ploughs deeply to be mixed with subsoil, 30 centimeters of surface soils is covered after mixing, then transplant
Nursery stock avoids fertilizer from burning root, and then full garden sprinkling Acetochlor or herbicide butachlor, cover black mulch film later；Transplant line-spacing
It is 4.2 meters, spacing in the rows is 2.0 meters, and plantation density is 110 plants/acre, and north and south row is to plantation.
Step (4), manages after plant, and pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, PBO balanced growth, promotees flower rush fruit at fertilizer and water management
And flower and fruit thinning；
Fertilizer and water management include inter-row green covering or full garden sward to grass system grass, increase fertility of land, by the end of April to imposing urea at the beginning of 5 months,
Mid-June imposes urea again, and early winter in late fall applies organic fertilizer or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and soil conservation is loose and appropriateness is dry
Drought.
Pruning: it by peach pruning at " Y " font, sets high control and configures 1 ~ 2 on 2.5m ~ 3.0m, every major branch
A large size branch group and 3 ~ 4 medium-sized branch group, remaining is growth branch or fruitful branch；
Concrete operations are as follows:
Shaping, liftoff 50cm ~ 55cm is done surely after transplanted seedling tree, spring selection towards row to and the 15cm ~ 20cm that is staggered two branches
Two major branches are twisted into twist shape towards opposite direction after major branch semi-lignified, bound on bamboo pole or branch by the tip as major branch, main
At 60 ° ~ 70 ° angles between branch, 55 ° ~ 60 ° of angle of major branch and ground, the pinching after major branch grows 30 centimetres inspires young sprout, plucks
Remove upright young sprout, young sprout semi-lignified post-tensioning branch turns round branch or takes branch, make branch it is at 45 ° ~ 55 °；
Trimming, annual tree when the winter cuts, select and remain two major branch light prunings first and do extending head, stay outer bud or lateral bud；Remaining branch is with the long tip
Based on trimming or pruning off, mainly remove sick branch, overstocked branch,
Thin and delicate branch and back branch take double branch updating methods to be trimmed, fruitful branch spacing 15cm ~ 20cm, second year, and young sprout is long extremely
Pinching when 25cm ~ 35cm, summer is using bud picking, pinching, the torsion tip, drawing branch or takes the one or more gimmick culture tree-shaped of branch, winter,
Wipe out sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth and vertical branch.
Fertilizer and water management: childhood garden winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, Chinese cabbage and rape, summer plant soya bean, India's cowpea
Beans, adult garden autumn and winter plant hair leaf sweet potato sweet potato, cut off May next year or naturally withered, and May, early and middle ten days in the ranks sowed India's cowpea
Beans, by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, imposing urea, cyclic annular or ditch spread, from trunk 30cm ~ 40cm, deep 15cm ~ 20cm, 100g/ plant, in 6 months
It imposes again like this in ten days once, early winter in late fall, cave organic fertilizer or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer dig long 80cm from trunk 40cm ~ 50cm
~ 100cm, width 30cm, the hole depth 30cm ~ 50cm, 1.5kg/ plants of decomposed manures.
PBO balanced growth promotees flower and promotees fruit: annual peach whole year sprays 3 PBO liquid；Wherein, spray mid-July first time 250
Times liquid, second of mid or late August spray 220 times of liquid, third time
Mid-September sprays 150 times of liquid.
Flower and fruit thinning: part bud is removed in squaring period, bud spacing is 4cm ~ 6cm；Rear half a month is spent to carry out fruit thinning, 30 is public
Point or more fruit branch stay 3 ~ 4 fruits, 15-30 centimeters of fruit branches stay
2 ~ 3 fruits, 15 centimeters or less fruit spurs stay 1 fruit, dredge and go double fruits, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, fruitlet and cella fruit, protect
Stay that fruit shape is rectified, fruit size is well-balanced and the good good fruit in raw orientation.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: spraying 2 ° of -5 ° of Me lime sulfurs or 1:1:1 times of Bordeaux mixture, early spring before winter to rudiment
Spray big raw 3000 times of mixed liquors of M-45800 times+imidacloprid wp spray 70% thiophanate methyl 1500 at zinc sulfate lime liquor, mid-June
+ 20% kill pyrethroids emulsion again
3000 times of mixed liquors spray 2500 times+carbendazim of cypermethrin, 500 times of medical fluids mid-July and carry out integrated control disease pest.
Embodiment three
A kind of peach 2 years high yield cultural method, peach 2 years high yield cultural methods the following steps are included:
Step (1), selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；
Step (2) improves soil, selects soil of the pH value 7.5, ploughs deeply 65 centimeters, repairs irrigation system, built road,
It is spread fertilizer over the fields after organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are mixed or organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer's layering is embedded in bottom of trench, groove both sides are penetrating, with
Just it drains, the dose of organic fertilizer is 35t/hm2, and the dose of compound fertilizer is 750kg/hm2；
Step (3), plant, ridging carry out cave kind, a height of 32 centimeters of ridging, 1.2 meters wide, and it is small to dig 40cm × 40cm × 50cm
Hole, hole bottom application adds 80g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and ploughs deeply to be mixed with subsoil, 30cm surface soil is covered after mixing, then transplant seedling
Wood prevents fertilizer from burning root, and then full garden sprinkling Acetochlor or herbicide butachlor, cover black mulch film later；Wherein, plant row
Away from being 4.5 meters, spacing in the rows is 1.8 meters, and plantation density is 110 plants/acre, and north and south row is to plantation.
Step (4), manages after plant, and pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, PBO balanced growth, promotees flower rush fruit at fertilizer and water management
And flower and fruit thinning；Fertilizer and water management include inter-row green covering or full garden sward to grass system grass, increase fertility of land, by the end of April to chasing after at the beginning of 5 months
Urea is applied, mid-June imposes urea again, and early winter in late fall applies organic fertilizer, and soil conservation is loose and appropriateness is arid.
Pruning: by peach pruning at " Y " font, high control is set in 2.7m, every master
1 ~ 2 large-scale branch group and 3 ~ 4 medium-sized branch group are configured on branch, remaining is growth branch or fruitful branch；
Concrete operations are as follows:
Shaping: liftoff 50cm ~ 55cm is done surely after transplanted seedling tree, spring selection towards row to and the 15cm ~ 20cm that is staggered two branches
Two major branches are twisted into twist shape towards opposite direction after major branch semi-lignified, bound on bamboo pole or branch by the tip as major branch, main
At 60 ° ~ 70 ° angles between branch, 55 ° ~ 60 ° of angle of major branch and ground, the pinching after major branch grows 30 centimetres inspires young sprout, plucks
Remove upright young sprout, young sprout semi-lignified post-tensioning branch turns round branch or takes branch, make branch it is at 45 ° ~ 55 °；
Trimming: annual tree when the winter cuts, selects and remain two major branch light prunings first and does extending head, stay outer bud or lateral bud；Remaining branch is with the long tip
Based on trimming or pruning off, sick branch, overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch and back branch are mainly removed, takes double branch updating methods to be trimmed, ties
Fruit branch spacing 15cm ~ 20cm, second year, young sprout it is long to 25cm ~ 35cm when pinching, summer using bud picking, pinching, turn round the tip, draw branch
Or the one or more gimmick culture tree-shaped of branch are taken, winter wipes out sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth and vertical branch.
Fertilizer and water management: childhood garden winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, Chinese cabbage and rape, summer plant soya bean, India's cowpea
Beans, adult garden autumn and winter plant villose vetch, cut off May next year or naturally withered, and May, early and middle ten days in the ranks sowed India's cowpea
Beans, by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, imposing urea, cyclic annular or ditch spread, from trunk 30cm ~ 40cm, deep 15cm ~ 20cm, 100g/ plant,
It imposes again like this mid-June once, early winter in late fall, from trunk 40cm ~ 50cm, digs length
80cm ~ 100cm, width 30cm, the hole depth 30cm ~ 50cm, 0.3kg/ plants of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers.
PBO balanced growth promotees flower and promotees fruit: annual peach whole year sprays 3 PBO liquid；Wherein,
Spray 300 times of liquid mid-July first time, second of mid or late August sprays 250 times of liquid, third time
Mid-September sprays 150 times of liquid.
Flower and fruit thinning: part bud is removed in squaring period, bud spacing is 5cm ~ 8cm；13 days progress fruit thinnings after spending, 30 is public
Point or more fruit branch stay 3 ~ 4 fruits, 15-30 centimeters of fruit branches stay 2 ~ 3 fruits, and 15 centimeters or less fruit spurs stay 1 fruit, dredge go it is double
Fruit, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, fruitlet and cella fruit, retain that fruit shape is rectified, fruit size is well-balanced and the good good fruit in raw orientation.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: sprayed a 1:1:1 times of Bordeaux mixture before winter to rudiment, early spring spray it is big it is M-45800 times raw+
3000 times of mixed liquors of imidacloprid wp or zinc sulfate lime liquor spray 1500 times -2000 times+20% of 70% thiophanate methyl killings mid-June
3000 times of mixed liquors of pyrethroids emulsion spray 2500 times+carbendazim of cypermethrin, 500 times of medical fluids mid-July and carry out integrated control disease
Worm.
Comparative example one
A kind of peach 2 years high yield cultural method, peach 2 years high yield cultural methods the following steps are included:
Step (1), selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；
Step (2) improves soil, selects soil of the pH value 7.0, ploughs deeply 60 centimeters, repairs irrigation system, built road,
It is spread fertilizer over the fields after organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are mixed or organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer's layering is embedded in bottom of trench, groove both sides are penetrating, with
Just it drains, the dose of organic fertilizer is 35t/hm2, and the dose of compound fertilizer is 700kg/hm2；
Step (3), plant, ridging carry out cave kind, a height of 32 centimeters of ridging, wide by 1.2
Rice, digs 40cm × 40cm × 50cm pitting, and hole bottom application adds 60g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and ploughs deeply mixed with subsoil
It is even, 30cm surface soil is covered after mixing, then transplant nursery stock, prevent fertilizer from burning root, then full garden sprinkling Acetochlor or butachlor weeding
Agent covers black mulch film later；Wherein, plant line-spacing is 4.2 meters, and spacing in the rows is 1.8 meters, and plantation density is 100 plants/acre, north and south
It goes to plantation.
Step (4), manages after plant, and pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, PBO balanced growth, promotees flower rush fruit at fertilizer and water management
And flower and fruit thinning；Fertilizer and water management include inter-row green covering or full garden sward to grass system grass, increase fertility of land, by the end of April to chasing after at the beginning of 5 months
Urea is applied, mid-June imposes urea again, and early winter in late fall applies organic fertilizer, and soil conservation is loose and appropriateness is arid.
Pruning: it by peach pruning at " Y " font, sets high control and configures 1 ~ 2 large size on 2.8m, every major branch
Branch group and 3 ~ 4 medium-sized branch group, remaining is growth branch or fruitful branch；
Concrete operations are as follows:
Shaping: liftoff 50cm ~ 55cm is done surely after transplanted seedling tree, spring selection towards row to and the 15cm ~ 20cm that is staggered two branches
Two major branches are twisted into twist shape towards opposite direction after major branch semi-lignified, bound on bamboo pole or branch by the tip as major branch, main
At 60 ° ~ 70 ° angles between branch, 55 ° ~ 60 ° of angle of major branch and ground, the pinching after major branch grows 30 centimetres inspires young sprout, plucks
Remove upright young sprout, young sprout semi-lignified post-tensioning branch turns round branch or takes branch, make branch it is at 45 ° ~ 55 °；
Trimming: annual tree when the winter cuts, selects and remain two major branch light prunings first and does extending head, stay outer bud or lateral bud；Remaining branch is with the long tip
Based on trimming or pruning off, sick branch, overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch and back branch are mainly removed, takes double branch updating methods to be trimmed, ties
Fruit branch spacing 15cm ~ 20cm,
Second year, young sprout it is long to 25cm ~ 35cm when pinching, summer using bud picking, pinching, turn round the tip, draw branch or take branch a kind of or more
Kind gimmick culture tree-shaped, winter wipe out sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth and vertical branch；
Fertilizer and water management: childhood garden winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, Chinese cabbage and rape, summer plant soya bean, Vigna sinensis sari Va,
Adult garden autumn and winter plants villose vetch, cuts off May next year or naturally withered, and May, early and middle ten days sowed Vigna sinensis sari Va in the ranks, and 4
At the beginning of the end of month to 5 months, urea is imposed, ring-type fertilising, from trunk 30cm ~ 40cm, deep 15cm ~ 20cm, 100g/ plant, mid-June is like this
Primary, early winter in late fall is imposed again, from trunk 40cm ~ 50cm, is dug long 80cm ~ 100cm, width 30cm, the hole depth 30cm ~ 50cm, is applied
1.5kg/ plants of decomposed manures；
PBO balanced growth promotees flower and promotees fruit: annual peach whole year sprays 3 PBO liquid；Wherein, mid-July first time sprays 250 times of liquid,
Second of mid or late August sprays 200 times of liquid, sprays 120 times of liquid third time mid-September；
Flower and fruit thinning: spending rear half a month to carry out fruit thinning, and 30 centimeters or more fruit branches stay 3 ~ 4 fruits, and 15-30 centimeters of fruit branches stay 2 ~ 3
A fruit, 15 centimeters or less fruit branches stay 1 fruit, dredge and go double fruits, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, fruitlet and cella fruit, retain fruit shape rectify,
Fruit size it is well-balanced and the good good fruit in raw orientation.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: sprayed a 1:1:1 times of Bordeaux mixture before winter to rudiment, early spring spray it is big it is M-45800 times raw+
3000 times of mixed liquors of imidacloprid wp, mid-June spray 1500 times -2000 times+20% of 70% thiophanate methyl, 3000 times of emulsion of killing pyrethroids
Mixed liquor sprays 2500 times+carbendazim of cypermethrin, 500 times of medical fluids mid-July and carries out integrated control disease pest.
Comparative example two
A kind of peach 2 years high yield cultural method, peach 2 years high yield cultural method include with
Lower step:
Step (1), selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；
Step (2) improves soil, selects soil of the pH value 7.0, ploughs deeply 60 centimeters, repairs irrigation system, built road,
It is spread fertilizer over the fields after organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are mixed or organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer's layering is embedded in bottom of trench, groove both sides are penetrating, with
Just it drains, the dose of organic fertilizer is 35t/hm2, and the dose of compound fertilizer is 700kg/hm2；
Step (3), plant, ridging carry out cave kind, a height of 32 centimeters of ridging, 1.2 meters wide, and it is small to dig 40cm × 40cm × 50cm
Hole, hole bottom application adds 60g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer and ploughs deeply to be mixed with subsoil, 30cm surface soil is covered after mixing, then transplant seedling
Wood prevents fertilizer from burning root, and then full garden sprinkling Acetochlor or herbicide butachlor, cover black mulch film later；Wherein, plant row
Away from being 4.2 meters, spacing in the rows is 1.8 meters, and plantation density is 100 plants/acre, and north and south row is to plantation.
Step (4), manages after plant, and pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, PBO balanced growth, promotees flower rush fruit at fertilizer and water management
And flower and fruit thinning；Fertilizer and water management include inter-row green covering or full garden sward to grass system grass, increase fertility of land, by the end of April to chasing after at the beginning of 5 months
Urea is applied, mid-June imposes urea again, and early winter in late fall applies organic fertilizer, guarantees sufficient liquid manure.
Pruning: it by peach pruning at " Y " font, sets high control and configures 1 ~ 2 large size on 2.8m, every major branch
Branch group and 3 ~ 4 medium-sized branch group, remaining is growth branch or fruitful branch；
Concrete operations are as follows:
Shaping: liftoff 50cm ~ 55cm is done surely after transplanted seedling tree, spring selection towards row to and the 15cm ~ 20cm that is staggered two branches
Two major branches are twisted into twist shape towards opposite direction after major branch semi-lignified, bound on bamboo pole or branch by the tip as major branch, main
At 60 ° ~ 70 ° angles between branch, 55 ° ~ 60 ° of angle of major branch and ground, the pinching after major branch grows 30 centimetres inspires young sprout, plucks
Remove upright young sprout, young sprout semi-lignified post-tensioning branch turns round branch or takes branch, make branch it is at 45 ° ~ 55 °；
Trimming: annual tree when the winter cuts, selects and remain two major branch light prunings first and does extending head, stay outer bud or lateral bud；Remaining branch is with the long tip
Based on trimming or pruning off, sick branch, overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch and back branch are mainly removed, takes double branch updating methods to be trimmed, ties
Fruit branch spacing 15cm ~ 20cm, second year, young sprout it is long to 25cm ~ 35cm when pinching, summer using bud picking, pinching, turn round the tip, draw branch
Or the one or more gimmick culture tree-shaped of branch are taken, winter wipes out sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth and vertical branch；
Fertilizer and water management: childhood garden winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, Chinese cabbage and rape, summer plant soya bean, Vigna sinensis sari Va,
Adult garden autumn and winter plants villose vetch, cuts off May next year or naturally withered, and May, early and middle ten days sowed Vigna sinensis sari Va in the ranks, kind
First Year autumn applies base manure after plant, and every plant is applied 1.0kg decomposed manure；Second year imposes urea three times after plantation, every time
25g/ plants, every minor tick one month, autumn imposes 1.5kg/ plants of decomposed manure.
PBO balanced growth promotees flower and promotees fruit: annual peach whole year sprays 3 PBO liquid；Wherein, spray mid-July first time 250
Times liquid, second of mid or late August spray 200 times of liquid, spray 120 times of liquid third time mid-September；
Flower and fruit thinning: spending rear half a month to carry out fruit thinning, and 30 centimeters or more fruit branches stay 3 ~ 4 fruits, and 15-30 centimeters of fruit branches stay 2 ~ 3
A fruit, 15 centimeters or less fruit branches stay 1 fruit, dredge and go double fruits, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, fruitlet and cella fruit, retain fruit shape rectify,
Fruit size it is well-balanced and
The good good fruit in raw orientation.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: sprayed a 1:1:1 times of Bordeaux mixture before winter to rudiment, early spring spray it is big it is M-45800 times raw+
3000 times of mixed liquors of imidacloprid wp, mid-June spray 1500 times -2000 times+20% of 70% thiophanate methyl, 3000 times of emulsion of killing pyrethroids
Mixed liquor sprays 2500 times+carbendazim of cypermethrin, 500 times of medical fluids mid-July and carries out integrated control disease pest.
Comparative example three
The traditional cultivation method of peach.
It is each to each embodiment and comparative example peach to plant area category areal for varieties of plant selected by embodiment and comparative example
Parametric statistics, statistical result are as shown in table 1:
1 peach growing state of table statistics
| Bear fruit the time for the first time | Average strain yield (kg/ plants) | Disease incidence (%) | |
| Embodiment one | Second year | 19.4 | 0.05 |
| Embodiment two | Second year | 15.8 | 0.03 |
| Embodiment three | Second year | 18.6 | 0.05 |
| Comparative example one | Second year | 12.7 | 0.07 |
| Comparative example two | Second year | 11.8 | 0.06 |
| Comparative example three | Third year | 9.6 | 2.4 |
As known from Table 1, for implantation methods of the present invention compared with traditional cultivation method, there are the promotion of matter in time of bearing fruit, strain yield；
The present invention take PBO can balanced growth, promote flower and promote fruit, fertilizer and water management, big fertilizer is kept
The arid of appropriateness, all can promote the reproductive growth of peach, and the peach that handles through PBO, bud is more, shortened internodes, starting flower
Bud section is low, branch neat and consistent, need to reasonably remove part bud, then cooperate reasonable flower and fruit thinning, pruning, can be into
One step improves yield；Reasonable pest control method is taken, peach bacterial shot hole, leaf curl of peach, peach can be effectively prevented
Shot hole, black peach aphid, dichocrocis punctiferalis and peach leafminer noth etc..
Using the method for Cover with weed, winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, Chinese cabbage, rape, summer plants soya bean, print
Degree cowpea makees poultry and livestock feed, and peach garden of growing up, autumn and winter plants villose vetch, cuts off May next year or naturally withered, May early and middle ten days
Vigna sinensis sari Va is sowed in the ranks, is played the role of cooling in summer drought resisting and is inhibited weeds, while building up fertility after being mechanically pulverized.In the ranks
Sward or full garden sward can play the role of with grass control grass, increase fertility of land, and economic value can be improved.
It should be noted that embodiment described above is some embodiments of the present invention.For the technology of this field
For personnel, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to this
The protection scope of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of peach 2 years high yield cultural method, which is characterized in that the peach 2 years high yield cultural method include with
Lower step:
Step (1), selection kind, the selection maturity period is early, quality is excellent, fruit is big and the kind of resistance to transport is planted；
Step (2) improves soil, including selection soil and site preparation, and the deep basal dressing on soil, wherein having in the base manure
The dose of machine fertilizer is 32t/hm2~38t/hm2, the dose of compound fertilizer is 700kg/hm2~800kg/hm2；
Step (3), plant, including ridging carry out cave kind, and every cave applies 50g~100g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer, fertilising with
Soil covers surface soil after mixing, then transplants nursery stock, then sprays herbicide and covers black mulch film；
Step (4), manages after plant, including pruning, fertilizer and water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, PBO balanced growth, rush flower rush fruit
And flower and fruit thinning；
Wherein, the fertilizer and water management include inter-row green covering or full garden sward to grass system grass, increase fertility of land, by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months
Urea is imposed, mid-June imposes urea again, and early winter in late fall applies organic fertilizer or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, soil conservation are loose
And appropriateness arid.
2. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), choosing
Soil of the pH value between 6.5~8.0 is selected, ploughs deeply 50 centimeters~70 centimeters, irrigation system is repaired, has built road；It will be organic
It is spread fertilizer over the fields after fertilizer and compound fertilizer's mixing or organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer's layering is embedded in bottom of trench, groove both sides are penetrating, to drain.
3. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), rise
A height of 30 centimeters~40 centimeters of ridge, it is 1.0 meters wide~1.2 meters, dig 40cm × 40cm × 50cm pitting, hole bottom application add 50g~
100g potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer is simultaneously ploughed deeply with subsoil mixing, 30 centimeters of surface soils of covering after mixing, then transplants nursery stock, then entirely
Acetochlor or herbicide butachlor are sprayed in garden, cover black mulch film later；
Wherein, plant line-spacing be 4.0 meters~4.5 meters, spacing in the rows be 1.5 meters~2.0 meters, plantation density be 74 plants/acre~110 plants/
Mu, north and south row is to plantation.
4. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) shaping
In trimming, by peach pruning at " Y " font, sets high control and configure 1~2 large-scale branch on 2.5m~3.0m, every major branch
Group and 3~4 medium-sized branch group, remaining is growth branch or fruitful branch.
5. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) rich water
In management, childhood garden winter planting rye grass, villose vetch, Chinese cabbage and rape, summer plant soya bean, Vigna sinensis sari Va, garden of growing up
Autumn and winter plants villose vetch, cuts off May next year or naturally withered, May, early and middle ten days sowed Vigna sinensis sari Va in the ranks.
6. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) PBO is flat
Weighing apparatus growth promotees flower and promotees in fruit, and annual peach whole year sprays 3 PBO liquid；Wherein, 250-300 times of liquid is sprayed mid-July first time, the
Secondary mid or late August sprays 250-300 times of liquid, sprays 100~200 times of liquid third time mid-September.
7. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) flower thinning
In fruit thinning, part bud is removed in squaring period, bud spacing is 4cm~8cm；Spend latter 10-15 days progress fruit thinnings, 30 centimeters or more
Fruit branch stays 3~4 fruits, and 15-30 centimeters of fruit branches stay 2~3 fruits, and 15 centimeters or less fruit spurs stay 1 fruit, dredge go double fruits,
Malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, fruitlet and cella fruit, retain that fruit shape is rectified, size is well-balanced and the good good fruit in raw orientation.
8. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 4, which is characterized in that step (4) shaping
The specific steps of trimming include:
Shaping, liftoff 50cm~55cm is done surely after transplanted seedling tree, spring selection towards row to and two of the 15cm~20cm that is staggered
Two major branches are twisted into twist shape towards opposite direction after major branch semi-lignified, bound on bamboo pole or branch by branch as major branch,
At 60 °~70 ° angles between major branch, 55 °~60 ° of angle of major branch and ground, the pinching after major branch grows 30 centimetres is inspired new
The tip, plucks upright young sprout, and young sprout semi-lignified post-tensioning branch turns round branch or takes branch, make branch it is at 45 °~55 °；
Trimming, annual tree when the winter cuts, select and remain two major branch light prunings first and do extending head, stay outer bud or lateral bud；Remaining branch is with the long tip
Based on trimming or pruning off, sick branch, overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch and back branch are mainly removed, takes double branch updating methods to be trimmed, ties
Fruit branch spacing 15cm~20cm, second year, young sprout it is long to 25cm~35cm when pinching, summer using bud picking, pinching, turn round the tip, draw
Branch takes the one or more gimmick culture tree-shaped of branch, and winter wipes out sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth and vertical branch.
9. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) rich water
In management, by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, imposing urea, cyclic annular or ditch spread, from trunk 30cm~40cm, deep 15cm~20cm, 100g/
Strain, imposes once, early winter in late fall again like this, from trunk 40cm~50cm, dig long 80cm~100cm, width 30cm, depth mid-June
The hole 30cm~50cm, 1.0kg/ plants~2.0kg/ plants decomposed manures or 0.2kg/ plants~0.3kg/ plants potassium sulphate type ternaries are compound
Fertilizer.
10. the cultural method of a kind of peach 2 years high yields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) disease pest
In evil prevention and treatment, a 2-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur or 1:1:1 times of Bordeaux mixture, the big raw M- of early spring spray were sprayed before winter to rudiment
45800 times+imidacloprid wp, 3000 times of mixed liquors or zinc sulfate lime liquor, 1500-2000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl of spray mid-June+
20% kills 3000 times of mixed liquors of pyrethroids emulsion, and spray mid-July 2500 times+carbendazim of cypermethrin, 500 times of medical fluids are integrated
Prevent and treat disease pest.
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| CN110771368A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 凉山彝族自治州亚热带作物研究所 | Kiwi fruit twisted branch strengthening and weak rapid racking trimming method |
| CN113099930A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 湖北绿岗山农业科技开发有限公司 | Y-shaped planting method for peach trees |
| CN113973676A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-28 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Soil management method for whole-year grass mulching of loquat garden |
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| CN110771368A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 凉山彝族自治州亚热带作物研究所 | Kiwi fruit twisted branch strengthening and weak rapid racking trimming method |
| CN113099930A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 湖北绿岗山农业科技开发有限公司 | Y-shaped planting method for peach trees |
| CN113973676A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-28 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Soil management method for whole-year grass mulching of loquat garden |
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