CN103703973B - A kind of breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN103703973B CN103703973B CN201310703619.4A CN201310703619A CN103703973B CN 103703973 B CN103703973 B CN 103703973B CN 201310703619 A CN201310703619 A CN 201310703619A CN 103703973 B CN103703973 B CN 103703973B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, it is therefore intended that provide the breeding method of the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis that a kind of yield is high, sowing quantity is low. The breeding method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis includes step: selection of land, whole, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gathers and stores. The present invention adopts by scientific and reasonable selection of land, whole, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gathers and storage step, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis yield making plantation brings up to 3000 kgs/acre from 2000 kgs/acre, additionally from original 300 kgs/acre, the input amount in kind of source can be reduced to 100 kgs/acre. It is greatly improved every mu of net output of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis so that every mu of annual increase net output 2700 yuan, substantially increases the economic well-being of workers and staff of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis.
Background technology
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis (DioscoreazingiberensisC.H.Wright) calls Dioscorea zingiberensis, fire rattan root, Dioscoreaceae yam Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, is used as medicine with root stock. Spring and autumn excavates, and removes earth, dries. Being ulceration for carbuncle furuncle early stage, skin acute festering type infects, and soft tissue injury, honeybee Eupolyphaga seu steleophaga is stung. As the crude drug of hormone medicine, its extract diosgenin is the very good material of synthesis adrenal cortex hormones drug.
Dioscorea zingiberensis is because trophophase is more than 2 years, and growth time is longer, and in addition conventional planting procedure yield is not high, and it is very heavy that medicinal herb grower plants financial burden, so generally plantation enthusiasm is not high.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, it is an object of the invention to provide the breeding method of the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis that a kind of yield is high, sowing quantity is low.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the breeding method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, it is characterised in that: include step: selection of land, whole, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gather and store.
Further, the standard of described selection of land step is: hillside terraced fields or long narrow single furrow, and soil is red soil or half sandy loam. Because Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis is a kind of medicinal plants being product with tuber, in order to ensure the yield of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, specific requirement is had for landform and soil, the standard of selection of land is soil property is red soil or half sandy loam, landform is hillside terraced fields, the hillside fields that particularly rear wall bank is higher, and the plantation of long narrow single furrow is more beneficial for the ventilation and penetrating light of field plant.
Further, described whole ground step is: described whole ground step is: sows the last week, whole railway carriage or compartment of deep ploughing, divides railway carriage or compartment with furrow from 65-70cm, Yi Tiaogou is outputed in center, face, railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 20-30cm, furrow width 30-40cm, then bury fertilizer in ditch, then compound fertilizer is added as base manure, thereafter earthing ridging, furrow height 25-35cm, duplicate rows nest is broadcast. The best divides railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 25cm, furrow width 34cm, furrow height 30cm for furrow from 67cm. Best fertilizer is the pigsty excrement or cattle pen excrement or cake-shaped rape seed dregs that become thoroughly decomposed.
Though Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis resistance to morning, resistance to lean, also like liquid manure. Germinateing 1 month (late April) after cultivation, namely should the compound fertilizer based on potassium sulfate impose between strain, its root short be flourishing, the prosperous length of stem and leaf. Late May, between strain, open cave, apply compound fertilizer etc. and heavily topdress as second time. Early July, depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and leaf color, take the circumstances into consideration to mend a foliage fertilizer, just need not refertilize later. In the period that rainfall is concentrated, carry out field reason ditch water drainage, it is prevented that underground tuber occurs to go rotten.
Further, described primary vaccination step is: described primary vaccination step is: by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful when sowing, eye upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, first lid mellow soil during blinding, the bonnet raw-soil, to seedling up to 6-10cm, have a 2-3 leaf time get final product field planting. November last year is until to " grain rains " time, substantially when temperature is stablized to 15 DEG C, seedling has grown to 6-10cm, had 2-3 leaf, at this moment can be carried out field planting.
Further, described selection criterion is: plant more than diameter stem 2cm, select to contain more than ten bud heads and bud head in golden yellow, without pest and disease damage, not damaged, the tip tender or middle part rhizome of children of non-dehydration, each stem section at least keeps 1 growing point, having 2-3 resting bud, weight is between 2-20g/ block. Namely choose sturdy, the fresh bud head namely germinateed of color be divided on golden yellow, the many i.e. each kind of stems of branch having the germination point of more than ten, without the tender place of children, end of pest and disease damage, the not damaged also rhizome of non-dehydration or conduct kind stem in the middle part of it, this is to ensure that the yield of later stage Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis. Described kind stem is heavily 2-20g/ block, and best kind stem is heavily 15g/ block.
Further, before sowing will kind of a stem stripping and slicing, each stripping and slicing has at least a bud point, the antibacterial aqueous solution soaking of otch dilute with water 500-800 times or spray, or smears plant ash or lime disinfection in incision. That is commercially available antibacterial is diluted with water to the solution after 500-800 times and is used for the otch of kind of stem is carried out sterilizing, or direct plant ash or quick lime otch can also be carried out sterilizing.
Further, described field planting step is: described field planting step is: each is planted stem and stays at least one strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, and thickness of sowing controls at the 7000-8000 root and stem of certain plants/mu, and single kind of stem weight is 2-20g, and stem 100��120kg need to be planted in every mu of ground.
Further, described water and fertilizer management step is: sows or before Second Year is emerged at the beginning of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, is sprayed by the herbicide of dilute with water 800-1000 times; After Seedling all sprouts, the weeds of strain root and stem of certain plants surrounding remove with hand-lifting, the Quizalotop-ethyl spraying management of weeds from the weeds 15-17% beyond strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm and in ditch, but can not be sprayed on the stem and leaf of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis; When Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis germinates after planting, the compound fertilizer based on potassium sulfate imposes between strain; Second month last ten-days period after germination and the trimestral the first tenday period of a month, opening cave between strain, imposing potassium sulfate is main compound fertilizer;After germination, the trimestral the first tenday period of a month can mend a foliage fertilizer, does not just need afterwards to refertilize. That is can use herbicide from the ground beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, and can not be sprayed onto on the stem and leaf of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis during spraying herbicide. And the compound fertilizer that potassium sulfate is master is imposed when Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis germinates, but when second month last ten-days period after germinateing and the first ten-day period of the March after germination, impose the compound fertilizer that potassium sulfate is master again, a foliage fertilizer can also be added depending on plant growth condition, naturally it is also possible to do not add during the first ten-day period of the March after germination.
Further, described herbicide is the glyphosate of 10%.
Though Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis resistance to morning, resistance to lean, but also like liquid manure. Germinateing after cultivation and be generally late April in 1 month, namely should the compound fertilizer based on potassium sulfate impose between strain, its root short be flourishing, the prosperous length of stem and leaf; To late May, just should open cave between strain, apply compound fertilizer etc. and heavily topdress as second time; And to early July, depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and leaf color, a foliage fertilizer can be mended as one sees fit, naturally it is also possible to do not mend foliage fertilizer, but just do not refertilize afterwards. In the period that period rainfall is concentrated, field reason ditch water drainage should be carried out, it is prevented that underground tuber occurs to go rotten. With glyphosate can effective management of weeds, but can not with this weeding medicine after Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis is emerged. The Quizalotop-ethyl spraying management of weeds of 15-17% is used, it is preferred that the Quizalotop-ethyl of 15.8%, when spraying Quizalotop-ethyl, shower nozzle is lowerd a little as far as possible, it is prevented that be sprayed onto on the stem and leaf of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis after Seedling all sprouts.
Additionally, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis belongs to shallow root system crop, sow shallower, root stock only grows in topsoil and spreads, and owing to when Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis is sowed, ridging is higher and narrow, washes away through heavy rain, easily cause root stock exposed, affect Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis normal growth, also easily make winter Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens kind suffer freeze injury. During Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis Rhizome deve-lopment, often make soil seam cracking, cause soil drought. Therefore, to intertill in good time, earth up in time, it is prevented that root stock exposes.
By bamboo pole plane built, it is possible to improve ventilation and penetrating light condition, improving the moon to a great extent and cover environment, reduce field humidity, earth's surface forms good permeability, enhances the resistance of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, has efficiently controlled the generation of leaf blight. Inserted link built adopts the set in brickwork mode of plane but not the straight cutting mode of an a brood of bar.
Before and after " Frost's Descent ", stem is climing withered and yellow, when tuber expands slow, in fact just can gather in the crops Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis. To breed for the purpose of kind of source, can excavate then; But to produce for the purpose of commodity Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, it is desirable within more than 2 years, excavate. Gather in the crops appropriate to the occasion select fine day cut climing, deep-cut furrow limit soil, gently carry tuber. The every strain of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis only raw one, general weight 0.5-2 kilogram, per mu yield is up to more than 3000 kilograms. During Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis excavation, first pull out built and Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis stem is climing, then deep-cut with spade angle hoe. Note when digging injuring Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis root stock, pick clean grass roots simultaneously, remove subterranean pest-insect, tremble clean earth after the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis dug out slightly airing, can ship. The Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis just dug back, owing to humidity is relatively big, should put ventilation, cool place spreads preservation out, marketing fresh as early as possible. Never by too high for fresh ginger pile, pile core is caused to generate heat. The Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens block done kind, individually keeping after selecting.
In technique scheme, in each step, parameters is optimal parameter, but those skilled in the art can carry out, according to the teachings of the present invention, the change that is equal to, and the equivalent variations carried out also falls into protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention adopts by scientific and reasonable selection of land, whole, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gathers and storage step, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis yield making plantation brings up to 3000 kgs/acre from 2000 kgs/acre, additionally from original 300 kgs/acre, the input amount in kind of source can be reduced to 100 kgs/acre. It is greatly improved every mu of net output of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis so that every mu of annual increase net output 2700 yuan, substantially increases the economic well-being of workers and staff of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis agriculture.
Detailed description of the invention
For make those skilled in the art clearly with clear and definite technical scheme, special provide following preferred embodiment, but the technological thought of the present invention be not limited to following example.
Embodiment one
Choosing half sandy ground that a gradient is 15 ��, ditch by 34cm, ditch depth 25cm, every ditch is separated by 67cm, and the pig manure that in ditch, embedment has been become thoroughly decomposed, then ridging, furrow height 30cm, duplicate rows nest is broadcast. the average 15g weight that December will be chosen in the first year, cut into every piece and have 2 bud points, with the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis kind block after 800 times of immersion bubbles of antibacterial according to nest from 30cm, on Gansu Province that duplicate rows nest has been sowed at, by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful when sowing, eye is upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, first lid mellow soil during blinding, the bonnet raw-soil, the glyphosate of the 10% of dilute with water 800-1000 times is sprayed, early Febuary water dilutes the glyphosate of the 10% of 800-1000 times and carries out weeding to from the place beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, remove from the weeds within the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis with hand-lifting. Second Year April seedling up to 6-10cm, have during 2-3 sheet leaf and start field planting. each plants stem only need to stay a strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, executes a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer after germinateing one month, and field planting thickness of sowing is 8000 root and stem of certain plants/mu. afterwards, chase after a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in the last ten-days period in May and the first tenday period of a month in July respectively, each 20 kilograms every mu, mend a foliage fertilizer in the first tenday period of a month in July, excavate to the November of the 3rd year.
Embodiment two
Choosing the red soil ground that a drainage is good, loose, ditch by 32cm, ditch depth 20cm, every ditch is separated by 65cm, and the pig manure that in ditch, embedment has been become thoroughly decomposed, then ridging, furrow height 30cm, duplicate rows nest is broadcast. at the average 16g weight that February in the first year will be chosen, cut into every piece and have 2 bud points, with the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis kind block after 500 times of immersion bubbles of antibacterial according to nest from 30cm, on Gansu Province that duplicate rows nest has been sowed at, by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful when sowing, eye is upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, first lid mellow soil during blinding, the bonnet raw-soil, the glyphosate of the 10% of dilute with water 800-1000 times is sprayed, early Febuary water dilutes the glyphosate of the 10% of 800-1000 times and carries out weeding to from the place beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, remove from the weeds within the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis with hand-lifting. April, seedling was up to 6-9cm, has during 2-3 leaf and starts field planting. each plants stem only need to stay a strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, executes a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer after germinateing one month, and field planting thickness of sowing is 7100 root and stem of certain plants/mu. afterwards, chasing after a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer respectively in the last ten-days period in May and the first tenday period of a month in July, each 20 kilograms every mu, the December to Second Year is excavated.
Embodiment three
Choosing half sandy ground that a gradient is 9 ��, ditch by 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, every ditch is separated by 70cm, and the cattle manure that in ditch, embedment has been become thoroughly decomposed, then ridging, furrow height 28cm, duplicate rows nest is broadcast.At the average 14g weight that February in the first year will be chosen, cut into every piece and have 2 bud points, otch is smeared the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis kind block of plant ash according to nest from 30cm, on Gansu Province that duplicate rows nest has been sowed at, by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful when sowing, eye is upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, first lid mellow soil during blinding, the bonnet raw-soil, the glyphosate of the 10% of dilute with water 800-1000 times is sprayed, early Febuary water dilutes the glyphosate of the 10% of 800-1000 times and carries out weeding to from the place beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, remove from the weeds within the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis with hand-lifting. April, seedling was up to 6-10cm, has during 2-3 leaf and starts field planting. each plants stem only need to stay a strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, executes a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer after germinateing one month, and field planting thickness of sowing is 7500 root and stem of certain plants/mu. afterwards, chasing after a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in the last ten-days period in May and the first tenday period of a month in July respectively, each 25 kilograms every mu, mend a foliage fertilizer in the first tenday period of a month in July, the December to Second Year is excavated.
Table 1 present invention and traditional cultivation yield comparison
Note: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis kind source calculates by 7 yuan/kg; Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis product calculates by 4 yuan/kg; Trophophase calculated by 2 years.
Claims (5)
1. the breeding method of a Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, it is characterised in that: include step: selection of land, whole, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gather and store;
Described primary vaccination step is: by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful when sowing, eye upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, first lid mellow soil during blinding, the bonnet raw-soil, to seedling up to 6-10cm, have a 2-3 leaf time field planting;
Described whole ground step is: sow the last week, deep plough whole railway carriage or compartment, divide railway carriage or compartment with furrow from 65-70cm, output Yi Tiaogou, ditch depth 20-30cm in center, face, railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30-40cm, then in ditch, bury fertilizer, then add compound fertilizer as base manure, earthing ridging thereafter, furrow height 25-35cm, duplicate rows nest is broadcast;
Described selection criterion is: plant more than diameter stem 2cm, select to contain more than ten bud heads and bud head in golden yellow, without pest and disease damage, not damaged, the tip tender or middle part rhizome of children of non-dehydration, each stem section at least keeps 1 growing point, having 2-3 resting bud, weight is between 2-20g/ block;
Described field planting step is: each is planted stem and stays at least one strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, and thickness of sowing controls at the 7000-8000 root and stem of certain plants/mu, and single kind of stem weight is 2-20g, and stem 100��120kg need to be planted in every mu of ground; Sow or before Second Year is emerged at the beginning of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, the herbicide of dilute with water 800-1000 times is sprayed; After Seedling all sprouts, the weeds of strain root and stem of certain plants surrounding remove with hand-lifting, the Quizalotop-ethyl spraying management of weeds from the weeds 15-17% beyond strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm and in ditch, but can not be sprayed on the stem and leaf of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis; When Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis germinates after planting, the compound fertilizer based on potassium sulfate imposes between strain; Second month last ten-days period after germination and the trimestral the first tenday period of a month, opening cave between strain, imposing potassium sulfate is main compound fertilizer; After germination, the trimestral the first tenday period of a month mend a foliage fertilizer, just do not need afterwards to refertilize.
2. the breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the standard of described selection of land step is: hillside terraced fields or long narrow single furrow, and soil is red soil or half sandy loam.
3. the breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described fertilizer is the pig manure or cattle manure or cake-shaped rape seed dregs that become thoroughly decomposed.
4. the breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seed soaking step is: stem stripping and slicing before sowing, will be planted, each stripping and slicing has at least a bud point, the antibacterial aqueous solution soaking of otch dilute with water 500-800 times or spray, or plant ash or lime disinfection is smeared in incision.
5. the breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described herbicide is the glyphosate of 10%.
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| CN103947449B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-08-24 | 华南农业大学 | The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita |
| CN104838835A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-08-19 | 殷仕和 | Greenhouse seedling and balcony combination cultivation method of medical and edible dual-purpose plant and fresh product processing method therefor |
| CN106358915A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-02-01 | 龙成辉 | Method for seedling taxus chinensis |
| CN107750878A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-06 | 黄海民 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN109392709A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-03-01 | 宋兆霞 | A kind of yellow ginger breeding method improving Determination of Diosgenin |
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| CN1413439A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2003-04-30 | 殷仕和 | High-ridge double-row cultivating method for yellow ginger |
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| CN101663949A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2010-03-10 | 彭国平 | Method for direct sowing and seedling of yellow ginger seeds and nutrient solution thereof |
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Address after: 409800 Chongqing City, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County Banxi light industrial park, Park Avenue South Road No. 108 Patentee after: Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Chongqing Wuling Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Address before: 409800 Chongqing City, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County Banxi light industrial park, Park Avenue South Road No. 108 Patentee before: Chongqing Huafang Wulingshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. |
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