CN103947449B - The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita - Google Patents
The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita Download PDFInfo
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- CN103947449B CN103947449B CN201410218759.7A CN201410218759A CN103947449B CN 103947449 B CN103947449 B CN 103947449B CN 201410218759 A CN201410218759 A CN 201410218759A CN 103947449 B CN103947449 B CN 103947449B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cultural method of a kind of Dioscorea camposita, it include selection of land, reason railway carriage or compartment, epiphragma, seed selection, seedling process, plantation, built draw climing, water, apply fertilizer, weeding, insect pest preventing and controlling, pinch, manage climing, earthing, the link such as gather, use and build high-ridge double-row plantation, the cultivation of overlay film built.The advantages such as the present invention has simple to operate, low cost, and the Dioscorea camposita growth cultivated is fast, yield height, quality better, economic benefit are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of arviculture, particularly relate to the cultural method of Dioscorea camposita.
Background technology
Dioscorea camposita is quoted from Mexican denizen, mainly extracts diosgenin and fermentation with its rhizome
Produce alcohol fuel.Dioscorea camposita Tuber yields is high, and Saponin and content of starch are high, extracts Saponin and sends out
The production cost of ferment production ethanol is low and draws attention.
At present, in Dioscorea camposita is planted, the cultivation skill of a kind of system easy and simple to handle also it is formed without
Art, causes the plantation of Dioscorea camposita large-area to promote, and constrains sending out of Dioscorea camposita industrialization
Exhibition.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the cultural method of a kind of Dioscorea camposita, to solve the problems referred to above.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is provided the cultural method of a kind of Dioscorea camposita, including plantation
Link and management link, wherein, management link includes:
During seedling stage, within every 15 days, spray a foliage fertilizer, wherein, foliage fertilizer be mass concentration be 0.3%
Blade face nitrogenous fertilizer or mass concentration be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1%;
After field planting 3~6 months periods, execute one time first fertilizer to root, wherein, with nitrogen in the first fertilizer
Fertilizer is that main phosphorus potash fertilizer takes second place (that is: the mass fraction of the nitrogenous fertilizer in the first fertilizer is more than 50%);
After field planting 6 months, execute one time second fertilizer to root, wherein, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer in the second fertilizer
(that is: the mass fraction of the phosphorus potash fertilizer in the second fertilizer is more than 50%).
When spraying foliage fertilizer, need uniformly to squirt blade back, blade face until having the globule to drip and being advisable.Fixed
3~6 months periods after planting apply fertilizer to root, and Main Function is to speed up plant (part i.e. on the ground)
Growth.Field planting was applied fertilizer to root after 6 months, and the growth that Main Function is to speed up underground tuber is (swollen
Greatly).Thus, it is possible to make the Dioscorea camposita of cultivation grow fast, yield height.
In some embodiments, management link can also include:
After field planting 2 months, the water with the thiophanate methyl 800 that mass concentration is 70%~1000 times is dilute
Release the water diluent of liquid or carbendazim 1200 that mass concentration is 80%~1500 times to spray and carry out pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating;
During whole cultivation, if insect pest occurs, then it is 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times by mass concentration
Water diluent, mass concentration is the water diluent of 80% DDT EC 1000 times or mass concentration is
The water diluent of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times carries out spraying preventing and treating.
Thus, it is possible to effectively prevent and treat the mushroom disease such as root rot, anthrax.
In some embodiments, management link can also include: when main climing grow to 100cm time, pluck
Terminal bud except 10cm length.Pinch and can promote that new branch and leaf are formed the most in a large number, improve photosynthate.
Dioscorea camposita can the most repeatedly be pinched in growth stage.After pinching, best incorporated is once executed
Fertilizer, so can accelerate to promote the branch of Dioscorea camposita.
In some embodiments, management link can also include:
Climbing ability (usually 1~2 months or tendril after plantation is grown at Dioscorea camposita
Grow to 20~50cm long when just there is climbing ability) front putting up draw climing frame, draws climing frame permissible
It is man-like shelf, tripod or level frame;
The tendril of Dioscorea camposita is wound, removes male flower, female flower and Lao Ye;
During whole cultivation, if soil moisture is not enough (if the leaf of Dioscorea camposita and stem open suddenly
Begin to turn yellow, be taken as soil moisture not enough), water the most in time, if weeds occur, then weeding in time.
Built draw climing constantly, more handy ropes, little bamboo or branch assist Dioscorea camposita as early as possible
Climb added.When Dioscorea camposita occurs that a large amount of male flowers, female flower and Lao Ye to prune in time and to clear up, with
Ensure that it has good permeability and avoids substantial amounts of nutrient consumption blooming on branch, affect underground block
Stem expand growth.Tendril is wound, prunes and clears up, it can be made to have good plant type
And growth potential.Water in time, can beneficially delay Seedling and root of hair.Remove weeds in time, in order to avoid impact
The growth of Dioscorea camposita.
In some embodiments, management link can also include: during winter, (winter generally refers to agriculture
Go through the lunar calendar January of October to next year), soil thick for 5cm on the head cover of Dioscorea camposita, head is
Refer to the stem of Dioscorea camposita and the junction (namely from the stem that earth is nearest) of root.Thus, may be used
Withered to avoid Dioscorea camposita to be frosted cause, safety is passed the winter.
In some embodiments, planting link may include that to carry out weeding on the plot chosen clear
After miscellaneous, soil one ploughing a rake, deep plough 30cm, carries out managing railway carriage or compartment after being exposed to the sun one month, railway carriage or compartment face width 120cm,
Ditch depth 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment, wide 40cm, railway carriage or compartment personal attendant's landform.It is said that in general, select soil layer deep
Thickness, the husky territory that loosing soil is ventilative is preferred.
Before reason railway carriage or compartment, weeds thick for one layer of 5cm~8cm of paving in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, then by calcium magnesium phosphate,
Farm manure covers on weeds after mixing with table soil, after having covered, then from gutter, reason ditch is dug pine
The upper railway carriage or compartment of earth shovel in and pat face, railway carriage or compartment;Wherein, the consumption of per hectare calcium magnesium phosphate is 750kg, often public affairs
The consumption of hectare farm manure is 22500~30000kg.
After patting face, railway carriage or compartment, the thin film that width ratio railway carriage or compartment face width, thickness are 0.005~0.2mm is layered on face, railway carriage or compartment
On, the both sides soil compaction of thin film, the centre earth of thin film presses a banding along railway carriage or compartment length, then
Several holes are stung in the place of railway carriage or compartment intermediate pressure mud with the bamboo of point.These duck eyes are conducive to rain when rainy
Water can penetrate into the centre in railway carriage or compartment from face, railway carriage or compartment, the most arid in preventing railway carriage or compartment.
In some embodiments, planting link can also include: mixes also with carbendazim and root-growing agent
The dioscorea composita seedling chosen is carried out disinfection and accelerating germination rooting treatment after dilution, by spacing in the rows 50cm, railway carriage or compartment
The specification of interior line-spacing 60cm carries out on face, railway carriage or compartment planting that (that is: two row, every mu of field planting 1600 are planted in every railway carriage or compartment
About strain), the tuber monoblock of dioscorea composita seedling is buried in the earth, earthing about 2cm~3cm, field planting
After water and determine root water.
In some embodiments, the implantation time of Dioscorea camposita can be during the beginning of spring to Clear and Bright (one
As be 2~April), during plantation a length of 1~3 year, collecting time was the 5 of annual November to next year
Month.Plum rain season plantation Dioscorea camposita before and after Clear and Bright, not only survival rate is higher, and emerges also
It is the most neat, it is most important that, substantially without the aerial affected then and underground Tuber yields.
Planting and gather Dioscorea camposita in 2 years, yield and saponin content the most relatively plant the height of a year, and
Economic benefit is more preferable.Gather in the May in annual November to next year, not only diosgenin content
Height, and it is in dry season, transport of easily gathering, the most easily it is processed into dry tablet storage simultaneously.
The cultural method of the Dioscorea camposita of the present invention, is not only simple saving of labor, and the chrysanthemum leaf potato planted
Chinese yam growth is fast, yield is high, quality better.After measured: use the cultural method of the present invention, plant 1 year
The individual plant average product of Dioscorea camposita be 1.2kg (such as: per hectare is in terms of 22500 strains, and per hectare is produced
Amount at 27 tons), the content of ruscogenin be 1.85%~2.45%;Plant the individual plant of the Dioscorea camposita of 2 years
Average product is plantation 4~5 times of (that is: output per hectare is 108~135 tons), ruscogenin of 1 year
Content is 1.57%~2.59%.The cultural method of the present invention, compared with conventional cultivation technique, has relatively
Good effect of increasing production.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.
The cultural method of a kind of Dioscorea camposita of the present invention, including planting link and management link.Wherein,
Planting link comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land: select soil layer deep, the husky territory that loosing soil is ventilative, enterprising in the plot chosen
Row weeding is the most miscellaneous.
(2) reason railway carriage or compartment: soil one is ploughed a rake, deep plough 30cm, carries out managing railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment after being exposed to the sun one month
Face width 120cm, the ditch depth 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment, wide 40cm, railway carriage or compartment personal attendant's landform.Before reason railway carriage or compartment,
Weeds thick for one layer of 5cm~8cm of paving in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, then by calcium magnesium phosphate, farm manure and table soil
Cover after mixing on weeds, after having covered, then reason ditch is dug the upper railway carriage or compartment of earth shovel of pine from gutter
In and pat face, railway carriage or compartment;Wherein, the consumption of per hectare calcium magnesium phosphate be 750kg, the use of per hectare farm manure
Amount is 22500~30000kg.
(3) epiphragma: after patting face, railway carriage or compartment, by width ratio railway carriage or compartment face width, thickness be 0.005~0.2mm thin
Film is layered on face, railway carriage or compartment, the both sides soil compaction of thin film, and the centre earth of thin film is pushed down along railway carriage or compartment length
Then (being usually pressed into the wide banding of 10cm), if stinging the local of railway carriage or compartment intermediate pressure mud with the bamboo of point
Dry hole.These duck eyes are conducive to rainwater when rainy can penetrate into the centre in railway carriage or compartment from face, railway carriage or compartment, prevent railway carriage or compartment
Interior excessively arid.
(4) seed selection: select tuber length not less than 4cm, the diameter best buy Seedling not less than 0.8cm.
(5) seedling processes: mixes with carbendazim and root-growing agent and (can also soak respectively after dilute with water
Bubble), the dioscorea composita seedling chosen is put in above-mentioned solution soak some minutes (usually 30 points
Clock) carry out disinfection and accelerating germination rooting treatment.
(4) plantation: plum rain season (generally 2~April) during the beginning of spring to Clear and Bright or front and back,
Carry out planting (i.e.: often railway carriage or compartment plantation two on face, railway carriage or compartment by the specification of line-spacing 60cm in spacing in the rows 50cm, railway carriage or compartment
OK, about every mu of field planting 1600 strain), face, railway carriage or compartment is dug a vesicle, tuber is put into, then return soil.
Tuber wants monoblock to be buried in the earth, earthing about 2cm~3cm, waters and determine root water after field planting.
Management link comprises the steps:
(1) built draws climing: grow into climbing ability (usually 1~2 after plantation at Dioscorea camposita
Individual month or tendril grow to 20~50cm long when just there is climbing ability) front putting up draw climing use
Frame, drawing climing frame can be man-like shelf, tripod or level frame.Furthermore it is possible to some ropes,
Little bamboo or branch assist Dioscorea camposita to climb added as early as possible.
(2) water: during whole cultivation, if soil moisture deficiency (if the leaf of Dioscorea camposita and stem
Portion abruptly starts to turn yellow, and is taken as soil moisture not enough), water in time, in order to slow Seedling and root of hair.
(3) fertilising: during seedling stage, spraying a foliage fertilizer for every 15 days, wherein, foliage fertilizer is that quality is dense
Degree be 0.3% blade face nitrogenous fertilizer or mass concentration be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1%.Spray foliage fertilizer every time
Time, need uniformly to squirt blade back, blade face until having the globule to drip and being advisable.After field planting 3~6 months
Period, execute first fertilizer to accelerate the growth of plant (part i.e. on the ground) to root, wherein,
First fertilizer is that main phosphorus potash fertilizer takes second place that (that is: the mass fraction of the nitrogenous fertilizer in the first fertilizer is more than with nitrogenous fertilizer
50%).After field planting 6 months, execute second fertilizer to accelerate the growth (expanding) of underground tuber to root,
Wherein, in the second fertilizer, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, (that is: the mass fraction of the phosphorus potash fertilizer in the second fertilizer is more than
50%).Planting season, the fertilising after field planting 1 year to be main urine with phosphorus potash fertilizer more than the Dioscorea camposita of a year
Element is auxiliary (referring to that phosphorus potash fertilizer accounts for the mass fraction of executed fertile gross mass more than 50%), can be in the beginning of spring
Before once expand cave-applied fertilizer (expand cave-applied fertilizer refer in earth, dig a cave, fertilizer is put in cave,
Return earth mulch and live fertilizer, be also phosphorus potash fertilizer be main carbamide be auxiliary), impose once knot potato fertile (knot potato August
Fertilizer has only to be sprinkling upon fertilizer above earth just, be also phosphorus potash fertilizer be main carbamide be auxiliary).
(4) weeding: weeds occur, remove in time, in order to avoid affecting the growth of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.Weeding can use
Chemical herbicide, such as: use mass concentration be 10% lid grass missible oil 750 times of water diluents with
Mass concentration be 25% Du Pont's treasured become the mixed liquor of 6000 times of water diluents of dry suspending agent, or use
1000 times of water diluents of Gallant super herbicide become dry suspending agent with Du Pont's treasured that mass concentration is 25%
6000 times of water diluent mixing.Herbicide preferably fine day and weeds seedling stage spray, can be more
Effectively remove all kinds of weeds.
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: general after field planting 2 months, available quality concentration is the methyl torr of 70%
Cloth Tianjin 800~1000 times of water diluents or carbendazim 1200~1500 times of water that mass concentration is 80% are dilute
Release liquid to spray and prevent and treat root rot, anthrax;As insect pest occurs, it is also possible to mass concentration is 40% Rogor
1500 times of water diluents of cream, mass concentration are 1000 times of water diluents of 80% DDT EC or matter
Amount concentration is that 1000 times of water diluents of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate carry out spraying preventing and treating.
(6) pinch: when the master of Dioscorea camposita is climing grow to 100cm time, extract terminal bud 10cm length i.e. with hands
Can.Dioscorea camposita can repeatedly be pinched in the grown in field stage, to promote new branch and leaf the most a large amount of
Formed, improve photosynthate.Pinch and should carry out at fine day, and best incorporated is once after pinching
Fertilising, so can accelerate to promote the branch of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
(7) manage climing: the Dioscorea camposita planted is after 1 year manage with delicacy, and Second Year growth is very fast,
Now it is noted that manage climing work.Managing climing is exactly to be wound tendril, prune and clear up so that it is have
Good plant type and growth potential.Particularly when Dioscorea camposita occur a large amount of male flowers, female flower and Lao Ye want and
Time prune and cleaning, it is ensured that it has good permeability and avoid substantial amounts of nutrient consumption at branch of blooming
On, affect the growth of expanding of underground tuber.
(8) earthing: the local winter of Dioscorea camposita plantation, before passing the winter, (winter generally referred to agriculture as beaten frost
Go through the lunar calendar January of October to next year), soil that should be thick for about 5cm on the head cover of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, so that its
Can pass the winter safely, head refers to the junction of the stem of Dioscorea camposita and root (namely from earth
Near stem).
(9) gather: the optimal harvest time of Dioscorea camposita should the May in annual November to next year more
Preferable.During this, not only Diosgenin Content is high, and is in dry season, transport of easily gathering, simultaneously
The most easily it is processed into dry tablet storage.During the plantation of Dioscorea camposita a length of 1~3 year, plant 2 years to chrysanthemum leaf potato
Chinese yam is gathered, and yield and saponin content the most relatively plant the height of a year, and economic benefit is more preferable.
The cultural method of the Dioscorea camposita of the present invention, is not only simple saving of labor, and the chrysanthemum leaf potato planted
Chinese yam growth is fast, yield is high, quality better.After measured: use the cultural method of the present invention, plant 1 year
The individual plant average product of Dioscorea camposita be 1.2kg (such as: per hectare is in terms of 22500 strains, and per hectare is produced
Amount at 27 tons), the content of ruscogenin be 1.85%~2.45%;Plant the individual plant of the Dioscorea camposita of 2 years
Average product is plantation 4~5 times of (that is: output per hectare is 108~135 tons), ruscogenin of 1 year
Content is 1.57%~2.59%.The cultural method of the present invention, compared with conventional cultivation technique, has relatively
Good effect of increasing production.
Above-described is only one embodiment of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, it is also possible to make some deformation and improvement,
These broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the cultural method of Dioscorea camposita, including planting link and management link, it is characterised in that described planting link comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land: select soil layer deep, the husky territory that loosing soil is ventilative, the plot chosen carries out weeding the most miscellaneous;
(2) reason railway carriage or compartment: soil one is ploughed a rake, deep plough 30cm, carries out managing railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face width 120cm, the ditch depth 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment, wide 40cm, railway carriage or compartment personal attendant's landform after being exposed to the sun one month;
Before managing railway carriage or compartment, weeds thick for one layer of 5cm~8cm of paving in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, cover on weeds after then calcium magnesium phosphate, farm manure being mixed with table soil, after having covered, then managing in ditch digs the loose upper railway carriage or compartment of earth shovel and patting face, railway carriage or compartment from gutter;Wherein, the consumption of per hectare calcium magnesium phosphate be 750kg, the consumption of per hectare farm manure be 22500~30000kg;
(3) epiphragma: after patting face, railway carriage or compartment, the thin film that width ratio railway carriage or compartment face width, thickness are 0.005~0.2mm is layered on face, railway carriage or compartment, the both sides soil compaction of thin film, the centre earth of thin film is pushed down along railway carriage or compartment length, then several holes are stung in the place at the intermediate pressure mud in described railway carriage or compartment, it is beneficial to rainwater when rainy and can penetrate into the centre in railway carriage or compartment from face, railway carriage or compartment, the most arid in preventing railway carriage or compartment;
(4) seed selection: select tuber length not less than 4cm, the diameter commercial seedling not less than 0.8cm;
(5) seedling processes: after carbendazim and root-growing agent mixing dilute with water, is put into by the dioscorea composita seedling chosen in the solution of described carbendazim and root-growing agent mixing and soaks, carry out disinfection and accelerating germination rooting treatment;
(6) plantation: during the beginning of spring to Clear and Bright or plum rain season, plant on face, railway carriage or compartment by the specification of line-spacing 60cm in spacing in the rows 50cm, railway carriage or compartment, dig a vesicle on face, railway carriage or compartment, tuber is put into, then return soil;Tuber wants monoblock to be buried in the earth, earthing 2cm~3cm, waters and determine root water after field planting;
Described management link comprises the steps:
(1) built draws climing: to put up before Dioscorea camposita has grown into climbing ability and draw climing frame;
(2) water: during whole cultivation, if soil moisture is not enough, water in time, in order to slow Seedling and root of hair;
(3) fertilising: during seedling stage, spray a foliage fertilizer for every 15 days, wherein, foliage fertilizer be mass concentration be 0.3% blade face nitrogenous fertilizer or mass concentration be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1%;When spraying foliage fertilizer, need uniformly to squirt blade back, blade face until having the globule to drip and being advisable every time;
After field planting 3~6 months periods, execute first fertilizer to accelerate the growth of plant to root, wherein, the first fertilizer is that main phosphorus potash fertilizer takes second place with nitrogenous fertilizer;
After field planting 6 months, execute second fertilizer to accelerate the growth of underground tuber to root, wherein, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer in the second fertilizer;Planting season more than the Dioscorea camposita of a year, the fertilising after field planting 1 year will with phosphorus potash fertilizer be main carbamide be auxiliary, before the beginning of spring, once expand cave-applied fertilizer, impose once knot potato August fertile;
(4) weeding: weeds occur, to remove in time, weeding uses chemical herbicide, described herbicide be mass concentration be the mixed liquor of 6000 times of water diluents that 750 times of water diluents of the lid grass missible oil of 10% become dry suspending agent with Du Pont's treasured that mass concentration is 25%
Or described herbicide is that 1000 times of water diluents of Gallant super herbicide become 6000 times of water diluents mixing of dry suspending agent with Du Pont's treasured that mass concentration is 25%;
Herbicide is sprayed at fine day and in the seedling stage of weeds;
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after field planting 2 months, sprays prevent and treat root rot, anthrax with the thiophanate methyl 800 that mass concentration is 70%~1000 times of water diluents or carbendazim 1200~1500 times of water diluent that mass concentration is 80%;
As insect pest occurs, it is that 1500 times of water diluents of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, mass concentration are 1000 times of water diluents of 80% DDT EC or mass concentration is that 1000 times of water diluents of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate carry out spraying preventing and treating by mass concentration;
(6) pinch: when the master of Dioscorea camposita is climing grow to 100cm time, with hands extract terminal bud 10cm length;Dioscorea camposita was repeatedly pinched in the grown in field stage, pinches and should carry out at fine day, and combined single-dose application after pinching;
(7) manage climing: the Dioscorea camposita planted is after the management of a year, it should be noted that manage climing work, manages climing being exactly wound tendril, prune and clearing up, when Dioscorea camposita occurs that a large amount of male flowers, female flower and Lao Ye to prune in time and to clear up;
(8) earthing: before passing the winter, soil that should be thick for about 5cm on the head cover of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, described head refers to the stem of Dioscorea camposita and the junction of root;
(9 gather: the optimal harvest time of Dioscorea camposita is in the May in annual November to next year.
The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in draw climing frame be man-like shelf, tripod or level frame.
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CN105960971A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-28 | 瑞昌市惠农农产品有限公司 | Planting method for Chinese yam |
CN106105653A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 陈国武 | A kind of cultural method of rich ferrum Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
CN107646594A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-02-02 | 成都金川田农机制造有限公司 | The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita |
CN112931111A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-11 | 广东丰绿源生物医药科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of dioscorea composita tubers |
CN114540259B (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-01 | 华南农业大学 | Dioscorea composita mycorrhizal fungi growth promoter and Dioscorea composita farming photo-complementation planting method |
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CN1050261C (en) * | 1995-10-29 | 2000-03-15 | 殷仕和 | Cultivation of Chinese yam |
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KR101196709B1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-11-05 | 사단법인 서동마 향토산업 사업단 | Cultivating method of dioscorea batatas |
CN102640629B (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2014-01-01 | 深圳市中科时代生物科技有限公司 | Dioscorea composita cutting propagation method |
CN103416183B (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting |
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