CN103875495A - Close-planting high-yield cultivation method for early bearing walnuts - Google Patents
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Abstract
A close-planting high-yield cultivation method for early bearing walnuts includes the steps: nursery selection: selecting a land with flat terrain, fertile soil and loose soil property as a nursery; nursery stock selection for transplanting: selecting nursery stocks with young sprouts, at grafting unions, longer than 80cm, complete roots, main roots longer than 20cm and more than 10 lateral roots as the nursery stocks for transplanting; management after transplanting: including cutting back, pinching, bud picking, lateral bud removing, pruning and auxiliary branch pruning; fertilizer management: disease and pest controlling: utilizing a sprayer to directly spray chemical pesticide or partially eradicating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of early real walnut dense planting high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Walnut is classified as with its abundant nutrition and unique local flavor first of the large dry fruit in the world four, very popular.Planting of walnut is divided into that the spring plants and two kinds of autumn cultivations by the time: planting spring is before Sprout period, to plant after soil thaws; Autumn plants and refers to before freeze-up to soil after nursery stock fallen leaves in autumn and plant.Autumn the walnut trees of planting have spring in next year rudiment early, the fast and healthy and strong feature of growing, but the walnut of planting autumn exists winter frostbite is serious, survival rate is low shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Garden ground is selected: select that physical features is smooth, fertile soil, the soil is porous, thick 1 m of soil layer above, draining is good, it is convenient to irrigate, nursery lot is made in sufficient sandy loam or the loam plot of illumination; soil is ploughed deeply to slaking; leveling; then dig planting pit or planting furrow; the size of planting pit is each 1 m of length and width, dark 0. 8 m; The furrow width of planting is 1 m, is 0. 8 m deeply, while planting hole or trench backfill soil, will puddle farmyard manure, every strain consumption 50 kg left and right;
Plant with the selection of nursery stock: select grafting mouth young sprout to reach that 80cm is above and root system is complete, main root length, more than 20cm, has the nursery stock of 10 above lateral roots as planting with nursery stock;
Plant: seeding row spacing 3 m × 4 m, 3 m × 5 m, 4 m × 5 m, before cultivation, to prune root system, make root length remain on 15 cm left and right, hinder in addition root place and must cut new stubble, and soak 3 ~ 5 min with 3 ~ 5 degree lime sulfurs and sterilize, then in clear water, soak 12 ~ 24 h, it is fully absorbed water, farmyard manure 20-50 kg often spreads manuer in holes, phosphate fertilizer 2-3 kg, first table soil is mixed with fertilizer, cave base pressure enters 5 kg stalks, insert in cave 1/2 of clay fertilizer again, then nursery stock is put into center, cave, the limit fat edges shake nursery stock limit having peace of mind of banketing, finally cubsoil is filled to ground flat,
Management after planting: comprise cutting back, pinching, bud picking, remove sublateral shoot, pruning, pruning auxiliary support branch; Heading height is 50 cm left and right, controls Secondary Branch, utilizes water sprout, and vigorous vegetative shoot is not pruned or light pruning, removes overstocked branch and handles back of the body undershoot well; Before walnut male inflorescence grows to 1.0 cm, leave near several female flower areal concentration, by remaining erase all, emasculation amount is about 90% ~ 95% of the total male flower amount of full tree, to reduce nutrient consumption.Florescence can be at base portion girdling 1 ~ 2 circle to the more prosperous bearing basal shoot of growing way, transports preventing under too much carbohydrate.Female flower is opened the Sheng phase will carry out artificial supplementary pollination, the pollen gathering can be packed in gauze bag, and shake pollination above female flower, or spray female flower with the mixed liquor of part white granulated sugar+3000 ~ 4000, part borax+1.5,1 part of pollen+0.5 part water and pollinate;
Fertilizing management: plough deeply tree dish after autumn Mo fruit harvesting to fallen leaves, or dig the annular ditch of dark, wide each 25 cm under tree crown, 30 ~ 50 kg barnyard manure or night soils are executed in every strain, and mix 3% ~ 5% urea, execute rear earthing; Bloom, bear fruit phase and the every strain of young fruit Growth spurt imposes 5 ~ 10 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate or multi-elements composite fertilizers, and entirely sets spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 time; Front 30 ~ 40 d of fall foliage entirely set and spray 0.5% ~ 1.0% urea liquid, promote flower bud differentiation.Spray leaf fertilizer must be even, the spraying time with about fine day 10:00 in the morning or afternoon 4:00;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: employing sprayer spray chemical pesticide is directly sprayed or wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases part, when as found, walnut root and butt have bronzing liquid to flow out or excrement bits are discharged, just near excrement bits worm channel are removed, adopting cotton balls to soak flolimat or 10～30 times of liquid of dichlorvos of 40% fills in from worm channel, and use mudding hole, or zinc phosphide is made to poison and sign the control of insertion worm channel smoked kill larva, or adopt " tree worm is clean " trunk injection to carry out the dry moth of walnut moth tip pest control, on the trunk of 30～70 centimetres overhead, make a call to the aperture of 45 degree left and right downwards, " tree worm is clean " medicine bottle is punctured in rear patchhole, dosage increases and decreases depending on bole thickness, 10 centimetres following 8 milliliters of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
Described pruning is to evacuate layering shape as main, natural open centre shape is auxiliary, heading height 0.6-1.0 m, evacuate layering shape institute field planting the then or 2nd year, select and remain 3 the 1st layer of major branches and the dry elongated shoot of central authorities leader, 3-4, the 1-2 selecting and remain on a major branch branch is as one-level side shoot, and 2, the 2nd layer of major branch selected and remain, 5-6, cultivates the side shoot on second on the 1st layer of major branch or the 3rd side shoot and the 2nd layer of major branch, and the 3rd layer of major branch of selecting and remain, 7-8, the second side shoot of selecting and remain on the 2nd layer of major branch; Side shoot on 3 layers of major branch.Prune, cultivate skeleton branches at different levels, control apical dominance and behind branch, adjust skeleton branch growth potentials at different levels, make full use of auxiliary support branch, cultivation results branch group.Wipe out Secondary Branch, to avoid the closing too early due to the vigorous growth of Secondary Branch, method is after Secondary Branch pumping not before lignification, useless Secondary Branch is wiped out from base portion, wiping out object is mainly that over growth causes tree crown to go out the Secondary Branch of wild plait smelting, all on a fruit bearing shoot, 3 above Secondary Branchs of pumping, can select and remain in early days 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong, all the other all remove; . pinching control tree crown, in summer, for the Secondary Branch of selecting and remain, if over growth, in order to promote lignification, is controlled it and stretched out, can carry out pinching, prune auxiliary support branch.The trimming method of auxiliary support branch is a little less than forcing to stay on, or first puts retrude, scaling in conjunction with making its many results of trying one's best, and the water sprout growth potential on the first fruit of order phase tree is strong especially, easily upset is tree-like, is also difficult for cultivating into fruit-bearing shoot cluster, when pruning, should remove, to the general branch of non-backbone's property, powerhouse removes; Weak person retains, and with the area that has additional nutrients, after tree vigo(u)r relaxes, progressively removes again.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for the present invention is described, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention.
A kind of early real walnut dense planting high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
1) garden ground is selected: select that physical features is smooth, fertile soil, the soil is porous, thick 1 m of soil layer above, draining is good, it is convenient to irrigate, nursery lot is made in sufficient sandy loam or the loam plot of illumination; soil is ploughed deeply to slaking; leveling; then dig planting pit or planting furrow; the size of planting pit is each 1 m of length and width, dark 0. 8 m; The furrow width of planting is 1 m, is 0. 8 m deeply, while planting hole or trench backfill soil, will puddle farmyard manure, every strain consumption 50 kg left and right;
2) plant with the selection of nursery stock: select grafting mouth young sprout to reach that 80cm is above and root system is complete, main root length, more than 20cm, has the nursery stock of 10 above lateral roots as planting with nursery stock;
3) plant: seeding row spacing 3 m × 4 m, 3 m × 5 m, 4 m × 5 m, before cultivation, to prune root system, make root length remain on 15 cm left and right, hinder in addition root place and must cut new stubble, and soak 3 ~ 5 min with 3 ~ 5 degree lime sulfurs and sterilize, then in clear water, soak 12 ~ 24 h, it is fully absorbed water, farmyard manure 20-50 kg often spreads manuer in holes, phosphate fertilizer 2-3 kg, first table soil is mixed with fertilizer, cave base pressure enters 5 kg stalks, insert in cave 1/2 of clay fertilizer again, then nursery stock is put into center, cave, the limit fat edges shake nursery stock limit having peace of mind of banketing, finally cubsoil is filled to ground flat,
4) plant rear management: comprise cutting back, pinching, bud picking, remove sublateral shoot, pruning, pruning auxiliary support branch; Pruning is to evacuate layering shape as main, natural open centre shape is auxiliary, heading height 0.6-1.0 m, evacuate layering shape institute field planting the then or 2nd year, select and remain 3 the 1st layer of major branches and the dry elongated shoot of central authorities leader, 3-4, the 1-2 selecting and remain on a major branch branch is as one-level side shoot, and 2, the 2nd layer of major branch selected and remain, 5-6, cultivates the side shoot on second on the 1st layer of major branch or the 3rd side shoot and the 2nd layer of major branch, and the 3rd layer of major branch of selecting and remain, 7-8, the second side shoot of selecting and remain on the 2nd layer of major branch; Side shoot on 3 layers of major branch.Prune, cultivate skeleton branches at different levels, control apical dominance and behind branch, adjust skeleton branch growth potentials at different levels, make full use of auxiliary support branch, cultivation results branch group.Wipe out Secondary Branch, to avoid the closing too early due to the vigorous growth of Secondary Branch, method is after Secondary Branch pumping not before lignification, useless Secondary Branch is wiped out from base portion, wiping out object is mainly that over growth causes tree crown to go out the Secondary Branch of wild plait smelting, all on a fruit bearing shoot, 3 above Secondary Branchs of pumping, can select and remain in early days 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong, all the other all remove; . pinching control tree crown, in summer, for the Secondary Branch of selecting and remain, if over growth, in order to promote lignification, is controlled it and stretched out, can carry out pinching, prune auxiliary support branch.The trimming method of auxiliary support branch is a little less than forcing to stay on, or first puts retrude, scaling in conjunction with making its many results of trying one's best, and the water sprout growth potential on the first fruit of order phase tree is strong especially, easily upset is tree-like, is also difficult for cultivating into fruit-bearing shoot cluster, when pruning, should remove, to the general branch of non-backbone's property, powerhouse removes; Weak person retains, and with the area that has additional nutrients, after tree vigo(u)r relaxes, progressively removes again.Heading height is 50 cm left and right, controls Secondary Branch, utilizes water sprout, and vigorous vegetative shoot is not pruned or light pruning, removes overstocked branch and handles back of the body undershoot well; Before walnut male inflorescence grows to 1.0 cm, leave near several female flower areal concentration, by remaining erase all, emasculation amount is about 90% ~ 95% of the total male flower amount of full tree, to reduce nutrient consumption.Florescence can be at base portion girdling 1 ~ 2 circle to the more prosperous bearing basal shoot of growing way, transports preventing under too much carbohydrate.Female flower is opened the Sheng phase will carry out artificial supplementary pollination, the pollen gathering can be packed in gauze bag, and shake pollination above female flower, or spray female flower with the mixed liquor of part white granulated sugar+3000 ~ 4000, part borax+1.5,1 part of pollen+0.5 part water and pollinate;
5) fertilizing management: plough deeply tree dish after autumn Mo fruit harvesting to fallen leaves, or dig the annular ditch of dark, wide each 25 cm under tree crown, 30 ~ 50 kg barnyard manure or night soils are executed in every strain, and mix 3% ~ 5% urea, execute rear earthing; Bloom, bear fruit phase and the every strain of young fruit Growth spurt imposes 5 ~ 10 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate or multi-elements composite fertilizers, and entirely sets spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 time; Front 30 ~ 40 d of fall foliage entirely set and spray 0.5% ~ 1.0% urea liquid, promote flower bud differentiation.Spray leaf fertilizer must be even, the spraying time with about fine day 10:00 in the morning or afternoon 4:00;
6) extermination of disease and insect pest: employing sprayer spray chemical pesticide is directly sprayed or wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases part, when as found, walnut root and butt have bronzing liquid to flow out or excrement bits are discharged, just near excrement bits worm channel are removed, adopting cotton balls to soak flolimat or 10～30 times of liquid of dichlorvos of 40% fills in from worm channel, and use mudding hole, or zinc phosphide is made to poison and sign the control of insertion worm channel smoked kill larva, or adopt " tree worm is clean " trunk injection to carry out the dry moth of walnut moth tip pest control, on the trunk of 30～70 centimetres overhead, make a call to the aperture of 45 degree left and right downwards, " tree worm is clean " medicine bottle is punctured in rear patchhole, dosage increases and decreases depending on bole thickness, 10 centimetres following 8 milliliters of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
Of the present invention through field comparison test, all obtain positive effect, main manifestations is as follows: contain and enrich organic matter and humus, can improve soil structure, vegetable soil, promotes soil to build up fertility.Reduce or reduce crop disease and insect, affecting crop quality.Need not or reduce fertilizer amount, be beneficial to protection of the environment.Adopt this implantation methods average yield per mu volume increase 20-23%, damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 5-10%, and orchard worker's benefit increases 20-25%.
Claims (8)
1. a real walnut dense planting morning high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
Garden ground is selected: select that physical features is smooth, fertile soil, the soil is porous, thick 1 m of soil layer above, draining is good, it is convenient to irrigate, nursery lot is made in sufficient sandy loam or the loam plot of illumination; soil is ploughed deeply to slaking; leveling; then dig planting pit or planting furrow; the size of planting pit is each 1 m of length and width, dark 0. 8 m; The furrow width of planting is 1 m, is 0. 8 m deeply, while planting hole or trench backfill soil, will puddle farmyard manure, every strain consumption 50 kg left and right;
Plant with the selection of nursery stock: select grafting mouth young sprout to reach that 80cm is above and root system is complete, main root length, more than 20cm, has the nursery stock of 10 above lateral roots as planting with nursery stock;
Plant: seeding row spacing 3 m × 4 m, 3 m × 5 m, 4 m × 5 m, before cultivation, to prune root system, make root length remain on 15 cm left and right, hinder in addition root place and must cut new stubble, and soak 3 ~ 5 min with 3 ~ 5 degree lime sulfurs and sterilize, then in clear water, soak 12 ~ 24 h, it is fully absorbed water, farmyard manure 20-50 kg often spreads manuer in holes, phosphate fertilizer 2-3 kg, first table soil is mixed with fertilizer, cave base pressure enters 5 kg stalks, insert in cave 1/2 of clay fertilizer again, then nursery stock is put into center, cave, the limit fat edges shake nursery stock limit having peace of mind of banketing, finally cubsoil is filled to ground flat,
Management after planting: comprise cutting back, pinching, bud picking, remove sublateral shoot, pruning, pruning auxiliary support branch; Heading height is 50 cm left and right, controls Secondary Branch, utilizes water sprout, and vigorous vegetative shoot is not pruned or light pruning, removes overstocked branch and handles back of the body undershoot well; Before walnut male inflorescence grows to 1.0 cm, leave near several female flower areal concentration, by remaining erase all, emasculation amount is about 90% ~ 95% of the total male flower amount of full tree, to reduce nutrient consumption.
2. the florescence can be at base portion girdling 1 ~ 2 circle to the more prosperous bearing basal shoot of growing way, transports preventing under too much carbohydrate.
3. female flower is opened the Sheng phase and will be carried out artificial supplementary pollination, the pollen gathering can be packed in gauze bag, and shake pollination above female flower, or spray female flower with the mixed liquor of part white granulated sugar+3000 ~ 4000, part borax+1.5,1 part of pollen+0.5 part water and pollinate;
Fertilizing management: plough deeply tree dish after autumn Mo fruit harvesting to fallen leaves, or dig the annular ditch of dark, wide each 25 cm under tree crown, 30 ~ 50 kg barnyard manure or night soils are executed in every strain, and mix 3% ~ 5% urea, execute rear earthing; Bloom, bear fruit phase and the every strain of young fruit Growth spurt imposes 5 ~ 10 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate or multi-elements composite fertilizers, and entirely sets spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 time; Front 30 ~ 40 d of fall foliage entirely set and spray 0.5% ~ 1.0% urea liquid, promote flower bud differentiation.
4. spray leaf fertilizer must be even, the spraying time with about fine day 10:00 in the morning or afternoon 4:00;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: employing sprayer spray chemical pesticide is directly sprayed or wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases part, when as found, walnut root and butt have bronzing liquid to flow out or excrement bits are discharged, just near excrement bits worm channel are removed, adopting cotton balls to soak flolimat or 10～30 times of liquid of dichlorvos of 40% fills in from worm channel, and use mudding hole, or zinc phosphide is made to poison and sign the control of insertion worm channel smoked kill larva, or adopt " tree worm is clean " trunk injection to carry out the dry moth of walnut moth tip pest control, on the trunk of 30～70 centimetres overhead, make a call to the aperture of 45 degree left and right downwards, " tree worm is clean " medicine bottle is punctured in rear patchhole, dosage increases and decreases depending on bole thickness, 10 centimetres following 8 milliliters of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
5. real walnut dense planting morning as claimed in claim 1 high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that: pruning is to evacuate layering shape as main, natural open centre shape is auxiliary, heading height 0.6-1.0 m, evacuate layering shape institute field planting the then or 2nd year, select and remain 3 the 1st layer of major branches and the dry elongated shoot of central authorities leader, 3-4, the 1-2 selecting and remain on a major branch branch is as one-level side shoot, and 2, the 2nd layer of major branch selected and remain, 5-6, cultivate the side shoot on second on the 1st layer of major branch or the 3rd side shoot and the 2nd layer of major branch, and the 3rd layer of major branch of selecting and remain, 7-8, the second side shoot of selecting and remain on the 2nd layer of major branch, side shoot on 3 layers of major branch.
6. prune, cultivate skeleton branches at different levels, control apical dominance and behind branch, adjust skeleton branch growth potentials at different levels, make full use of auxiliary support branch, cultivation results branch group.
7. wipe out Secondary Branch, to avoid the closing too early due to the vigorous growth of Secondary Branch, method is after Secondary Branch pumping not before lignification, useless Secondary Branch is wiped out from base portion, wiping out object is mainly that over growth causes tree crown to go out the Secondary Branch of wild plait smelting, all on a fruit bearing shoot, 3 above Secondary Branchs of pumping, can select and remain in early days 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong, all the other all remove; . pinching control tree crown, in summer, for the Secondary Branch of selecting and remain, if over growth, in order to promote lignification, is controlled it and stretched out, can carry out pinching, prune auxiliary support branch.
8. the trimming method of auxiliary support branch is a little less than forcing to stay on, or first put retrude, scaling in conjunction with making its many results of trying one's best, water sprout growth potential on the first fruit of order phase tree is strong especially, easily upset tree-like, also be difficult for cultivating into fruit-bearing shoot cluster, when pruning, should remove, to the general branch of non-backbone's property, powerhouse removes; Weak person retains, and with the area that has additional nutrients, after tree vigo(u)r relaxes, progressively removes again.
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| CN104641969A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 吴金玉 | Preparation method of juglans hopeiensis cultivating agent |
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Cited By (14)
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| CN104488636A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州青青生态种植园 | Planting technique for increasing growth speed of walnut trees |
| CN104641969A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 吴金玉 | Preparation method of juglans hopeiensis cultivating agent |
| CN104756812A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-08 | 东海县黑龙潭生态农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method for early-maturing thin-shelled walnut applicable to hilly and mountainous areas |
| CN104996172A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-10-28 | 安徽省滁州市国盛现代农业开发有限公司 | Method for culturing tree forms of peach trees |
| CN105075749A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-11-25 | 广西南丹现代特色农林研究所 | Pest control method for walnut trees |
| CN105165538A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 广西八桂石漠化核桃产业开发有限公司 | Walnut tree cultivating method |
| CN105409684A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 泸州市恒达农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for planting walnuts |
| CN105494016A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-20 | 重庆市渝鲁林业发展有限公司 | Dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method of walnuts |
| CN107484601A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2017-12-19 | 开县海清核桃种植场 | A kind of implantation methods for improving walnut volume increase |
| CN106305281A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-11 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Planting method capable of increasing yield of high-quality variety Mahan of carya illinoensis |
| CN107173144A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-09-19 | 安徽省霍山县农伯乐开发有限公司 | A kind of Walnut cultural method |
| CN107494105A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-22 | 香格里拉市六四养殖有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of walnut |
| CN108094025A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 昆明起代科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of walnut |
| CN108476975A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-04 | 吉林省农业科学院 | One cultivates peanut emasculating method |
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