CN1050261C - Cultivation of Chinese yam - Google Patents
Cultivation of Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN1050261C CN1050261C CN95112518A CN95112518A CN1050261C CN 1050261 C CN1050261 C CN 1050261C CN 95112518 A CN95112518 A CN 95112518A CN 95112518 A CN95112518 A CN 95112518A CN 1050261 C CN1050261 C CN 1050261C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a yam (yellow ginger) manual high yield cultivation technique which comprises technique sections of seed sorting, earth selection, soil adjustment, manuring, seeding, cultivation, management, collection, etc. The present invention has the advantages of quick growth, high yield, good quality, notable economic and social benefits, etc. According to measures, 4.5kg of yellow ginger dry products are produced in each hectare three years; the saponin content is 4%, which is 1.6 times of 2.5% of raw yellow ginger; the output value of each hectare is 22.5 ten thousand yuan, and year pure income of each hectare is 6.5 ten thousand yuan.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method.
Chinese yam saponin is a primary raw material of producing steroid hormone class medicine.Its source is the wild Chinese yam resource of gathering.Because wild Chinese yam poor growth does not satisfy industrial needs far away.The dioscorea resource has faced exhaustion in the world now, so the artificial planting Chinese yam has become inevitable.Chinese yam high-yield cultivation technique before this, China still belongs to blank, and foreign technology is not seen yet report.
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of suiting and promote, suit especially at a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method of China's southern area popularization in China.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method, and its special character is:
Seed selection: to select fresh stalwartness, quality be the Chinese yam rhizome that enriches of red and white or yellow, whole body well developed root system, bud point or will select the maturation that discolors, the cone of full seed;
Select ground: select quality loose, pH value is 4.5～8 yellow sand, black sandy soil;
Whole soil: plough deeply in small, broken bits, trench digging and build the ridge, row spacing 1.5～2m, the high 15～20cm in ridge;
Fertilising:
Fertilising consumption: per hectare phosphate fertilizer 200～400Kg, composite fertilizer 150～300Kg, farmyard manure 20,000～40,000 Kg, farmyard manure 100,000 Kg;
Fertilizing method: adopt the ridge to execute formula, row replacement formula, the formula of spreading manuer in holes;
Sowing: sexual propagation, adopt seed sowing and seedling raising and transplanting;
Seed sowing: dig the cave in the end of spring and the beginning of summer and sow, dark 9～12cm seeding row spacing 30cm is square in the cave, puts 3～5 in seed, earthing 3～6cm.
Seedling raising and transplanting: adopt mulch film hotbed normalization fast seedling growing and plastic containers to grow seedlings, divided for two seasons transplanted: the first season can be before and after the lunar calendar Dragon Boat Festival, and the second season can be around the Spring Festival, and planting density is about 90,000 strain/hectares.
Bed planting, drilling and bunch planting are adopted in vegetative propagation.
Bed planting: row spacing 150～200cm, the high 30cm in ridge, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25～30cm.
Drilling: a ditch is overlapped on two ridges, row spacing 30～45cm, and furrow width 25～30cm, every ditch and seeding two row, line-spacing 24cm, spacing in the rows 20～25cm becomes Chinese character pin-shaped interleaved to sow.
Bunch planting: dig the cave and sow: line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 24cm, the dark 6～10cm in cave, tap (bud point) are upwards.
Earthing: winter sowing blinding 9～12cm, spring sowing blinding 6～9cm.
The training pipe:
Looking into seedling fills a vacancy: after treating that seedling is unearthed, find to be short of seedling, in time reseed;
Eliminate weeds: annual weeding 2～3 times, between the Ex-all strain, inter-row weed;
Intertillage is topdressed: 2 years annual 1～2 time, one time the person carried out about May, per hectare sealing fertilizer 200-300Kg; Divided for twice for two seasons carried out, treat that at the end of spring and the beginning of summer seedling is unearthed after, per hectare imposes chemical nitrogen fertilizer 200-300Kg, seven, the August per hectare imposes potash fertilizer 300Kg or be aided with the night soil of dilution; The 3rd year green manuring earthing 6～9cm before emerging.
In good time built: Chinese yam is led behind the rattan built in good time, prevents to crawl on the spot;
Gather:
Seed collection: before Cold Dew, pluck, and in time dry;
Rhizome is gathered: receive in late October and dig, choose seeds.
Utilize the present invention to cultivate the Chinese yam of cultivation, according to surveying and determination, per hectare is annual produces more than the Chinese yam dry product 15000kg, biennial producing more than Chinese yam dry product 30,000 kg; Life in 3 years can be produced more than Chinese yam dry product 4.5 ten thousand kg.Saponin content, annual 1.68%; Biennial 3.14%; Life 4% in 3 years is 1.4～1.5 times of wild Chinese yam content (2.6～2.8%).30,000 yuan of 3 years integrated cost per hectares of production cost, the every public affairs of the output value are inclined 22.5 ten thousand yuan, and annual per hectare net earnings is 6.5 ten thousand yuan.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
1, seed selection: the quality of seed is germination rate, output and the saponin content key just that directly influences Chinese yam.Therefore, pay special attention to choose kind.If adopt vegetative propagation, select stalwartness fresh, quality is red and white or yellow, whole body well developed root system, the abundant Chinese yam rhizome of bud point is done kind; If adopt sexual propagation, then to select the maturation that discolors, the cone of full seed is done kind.
2, select ground: be according to its growth characteristics, choose that quality is loosened, do not hardened, accumulated water not, pH value is 4.5～8 yellow sand, black sandy soil.Level land, Gang Qiu all suitable (certain slope is arranged, leeward on the sunny side, humus content is better high).
3, whole soil: after choosing the plot, plough deeply in small, broken bitsly, trench digging is built ridge (particularly before the room behind the house level land, rural area) and is generally required about row spacing 1.5m the high 15～20cm in ridge.But then interplanting or decide of hillside fields according to gesture.
4, fertilising: fertilising consumption per hectare is executed phosphate fertilizer 200～400Kg, 150～300 kilograms of composite fertilizers, and farmyard manure (as pig cow dung, burnt dust-ashes etc.) 20,000～40,000 Kg are about farmyard manure 100,000 Kg.
1. execute on the ridge: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting evenly looses and imposes on ridge face, earthing 3～5cm again.
2. row replacement: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting imposes in the ditch, earthing 3～5cm into strips again.
3. spread manuer in holes: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting, divide the root and stem of certain plants to impose in the cave, again earthing 3～5cm.
5, sowing: get hold of sowing season conscientiously and begin sowing in good time.According to climatic condition, divide winter sowing and spring sowing.Seeding method has two kinds: the one, and sexual propagation, sexual propagation divide seed sowing and seedling raising and transplanting again.
1. seed sowing.Seed sowing digs the cave in the end of spring and the beginning of summer and sows, and the dark 10～12cm in cave, seeding row spacing are that 30cm is square, puts 3～5 in seed, earth backing 3～6cm cun, gathers in general 3 years.
2. seedling raising and transplanting.Seedling raising and transplanting has mulch film hotbed normalization fast seedling growing and plastic containers to grow seedlings, and both all can divide for two seasons transplanted.The first season can be before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, and the second season can be around the Spring Festival.Sexual propagation comparison vegetative propagation has obvious superiority, can guarantee early growth and quick tiller, and emergence rate reaches more than 90%, can reach the purpose of high yield, stable yields again.The 2nd, vegetative propagation is promptly with root-like stock breeding (rhizome stripping and slicing cultivation).The root-like stock breeding can be divided into drilling and bunch planting.
Drilling: concrete grammar, a ditch is overlapped on two ridges.Row spacing 45cm, furrow width 30cm, every ditch and seeding two row, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 20～25cm become Chinese character pin-shaped interleaved to sow, again earthing 6～10cm.
Bunch planting: dig the cave and sow, line-spacing 36cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, about the dark 10cm in cave, tap (bud point) is upwards.Winter sowing palpus blinding 10～15cm; Spring sowing palpus blinding 6～10cm treats to earth up after seedling all sprouts again.Two all culturing methods can be selected with suiting measures to local conditions.Simultaneously, in order to guarantee benefit, require generally that the level land is pure to be no less than 90,000 strains as per hectare, the visual feelings of hillside fields or intercropping are determined density, and no matter all vegetative propagations are drilling or bunch planting, and the per hectare sowing quantity must not be less than 3000Kg.
6, training pipe
Chinese yam after planting will be strengthened cultivating and managing conscientiously.Specifically be to do a good job of it four processes:
1. looking into seedling fills a vacancy.After treating that seedling all sprouts, find to be short of seedling, in time reseed or with kind of a transplantation of seedlings, to guarantee full stand, Qi Miao, strong sprout.
2. eliminate weeds.Generally require annual weeding 2～3 times, accomplishing does not have weeds between strain, in the ranks.Also can use weed killer herbicide in place with good conditionsi.
3. intertillage is topdressed.Last, all to intertill in 2 years and topdress, annual 1～2 time.A person carries out per hectare sealing fertilizer 200～300kg about in may.Twice, divided for two seasons carried out, at the end of spring and the beginning of summer, treat that seedling is unearthed after, per hectare imposes chemical nitrogen fertilizer 300kg or is aided with the night soil of dilution, expands with short rhizome; Can not topdress in the 3rd year.But preferably green manuring earthing 6～10cm is thick before emerging, with the reproductive growth that guarantees that it is vigorous.To dig the cave from the root and stem of certain plants when imposing fertilizer, and notice that fertilizer concentration and consumption are reasonable.Otherwise the damage cauline leaf influences yield and quality.
4. in good time built.Chinese yam must climb support after leading rattan, so need in good time built, built divides three kinds of modes:
Bamboo-wood frame-become the prismatic trellis with bamboo pole more than 1.5 meters or batten cuttage.
Screen frame-slight or rope is tethered on the symmetrical pile and reticulates with iron wire or bamboo.
The faggot frame-in the difficult place of raw material, available thatch bavin, forage tile in length and breadth, become melon canopy shape.
Can not allow seedling crawl on the spot in a word, manage to make the Chinese yam seedling to climb,, quicken plant strain growth in order to its ventilation and penetrating light according to gesture.
7, gather
The Chinese yam results are divided 2 years receipts and were received in 3 years.It is not high to receive output in 2 years, and it is on the low side to contain the soap rate, and receipts can reach optimal production and saponin content in 3 years.According to evidence, the length in vegetative period of Chinese yam output and saponin content and Chinese yam has certain relation, be advisable so collecting time is decided to be 3 years, but not only the saving of labor, economize kind, but also can significantly improve output and saponin content.Harvest season will be grasped in good time.Test shows: the Chinese yam early growth is slow, and 7～8 growths are very fast, begin November to enter resting stage.Therefore, all ripe (being yellow or sepia) seeds must be plucked before Cold Dew, and in time dry.All rhizomes of doing kind of usefulness also should be received in the phase in the Frost's Descent and dig storage, have only processing dry plate person, then can suitably do sth. in advance results.
The said Chinese yam of the present invention is meant and comprises that dioscorea zingiberensis wright etc. contains saponin class Chinese yam plant, and its formal name used at school is Dioscorea, and the peasant generally cries yellow ginger them.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method is characterized in that:
Seed selection: to select fresh stalwartness, quality be the Chinese yam rhizome that enriches of red and white or yellow, whole body well developed root system, bud point or will select the maturation that discolors, the cone of full seed;
Select ground: select quality loose, pH value is 4.5～8 yellow sand, black sandy soil;
Whole soil: plough deeply in small, broken bits, trench digging and build ridge, row spacing 1.5～2m, the high 15～20cm in ridge;
Fertilising:
Fertilising consumption: per hectare phosphate fertilizer 200～400Kg, composite fertilizer 150～300Kg, farmyard manure 20,000～40,000 Kg, farmyard manure 100,000 Kg;
Fertilizing method: adopt the ridge to execute formula, row replacement formula, the formula of spreading manuer in holes;
Sowing: sexual propagation, adopt seed sowing and seedling raising and transplanting;
Seed sowing: dig the cave in the end of spring and the beginning of summer and sow, the dark 9～12cm in cave, seeding row spacing 30cm is square, puts 3～5 in seed, earthing 3～6cm;
Seedling raising and transplanting: adopt mulch film hotbed normalization fast seedling growing and plastic containers to grow seedlings, divided for two seasons transplanted; The first season can be before and after the lunar calendar Dragon Boat Festival, and the second season can be around the Spring Festival, and planting density is 90,000 strain/hectares;
Ridge, drilling and bunch planting are adopted in vegetative propagation;
Bed planting: row spacing 150～200cm, the high 30cm in ridge, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25～30cm;
Drilling: a ditch is overlapped on two ridges, row spacing 30～45cm, and furrow width 25～30cm, every ditch and seeding two row, line-spacing 24cm, spacing in the rows 20～25cm becomes Chinese character pin-shaped interleaved to sow;
Bunch planting: dig the cave and sow; Line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 24cm, the dark 6～10cm in cave, tap (bud point) are upwards;
Earthing: winter sowing blinding 9～12cm, spring sowing blinding 6～9cm;
The training pipe:
Looking into seedling fills a vacancy: after treating that seedling all sprouts, find to be short of seedling, in time reseed;
Eliminate weeds: annual weeding 2～3 times, between the Ex-all strain, inter-row weed;
Intertillage is topdressed: 2 years annual 1～2 time, one time the person carried out about May, and per hectare sealing fertilizer 200-300Kg divided for two seasons carried out twice, treat that at the end of spring and the beginning of summer seedling is unearthed after, per hectare imposes chemical nitrogen fertilizer 200～300Kg; Seven, the August per hectare imposes potash fertilizer 300Kg or is aided with the night soil of dilution, green manuring earthing 6～9cm before emerging in the 3rd year;
In good time built: Chinese yam is led behind the rattan built in good time, prevents with regard to the shakedown crawl;
Gather:
Seed collection: before Cold Dew, pluck, and in time dry,
Rhizome is gathered: receive in late October and dig, choose seeds.
2, a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the fertilizing method:
Execute on the ridge: the compound after will fermenting evenly looses and imposes on ridge face, earthing 3～5cm again;
Row replacement: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting imposes in the ditch, earthing 3～5cm into strips again;
Spread manuer in holes: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting, divide the root and stem of certain plants to impose in the cave, again earthing 3～5cm.
3, a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: built has three kinds of modes in good time;
Bamboo-wood frame-become the prismatic trellis with 1.5m above bamboo pole or batten cuttage;
Screen frame-slight or rope is bolted on the symmetrical pile and reticulates with iron wire or bamboo;
The faggot frame-in the difficult place of raw material, available thatch bavin, forage tile in length and breadth, become melon canopy shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95112518A CN1050261C (en) | 1995-10-29 | 1995-10-29 | Cultivation of Chinese yam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95112518A CN1050261C (en) | 1995-10-29 | 1995-10-29 | Cultivation of Chinese yam |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1129512A CN1129512A (en) | 1996-08-28 |
| CN1050261C true CN1050261C (en) | 2000-03-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95112518A Expired - Fee Related CN1050261C (en) | 1995-10-29 | 1995-10-29 | Cultivation of Chinese yam |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1050261C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103210768A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-24 | 陕西理工学院 | Cutting seedling raising method of peltate yam rhizome |
| CN103947449B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-08-24 | 华南农业大学 | The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita |
| CN104488495A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-04-08 | 界首市宏丰家庭农场 | Planting method for Chinese yam in Huaibei plain by furrowing |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5574723A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-05 | Tomoji Suzuki | Cultivating method and apparatus for chinese yam * yam |
| JPS5995820A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-06-02 | 岡元 敬二 | Field horticultural culturing of yam due to case |
| JPS6078518A (en) * | 1983-10-07 | 1985-05-04 | 皆川 文雄 | Yam culturing method |
| JPS63129928A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-02 | 川辺農研産業株式会社 | Culture of yam |
| CN1052235A (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1991-06-19 | 黄文华 | A kind of cultivation method of Chinese yam |
-
1995
- 1995-10-29 CN CN95112518A patent/CN1050261C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5574723A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-05 | Tomoji Suzuki | Cultivating method and apparatus for chinese yam * yam |
| JPS5995820A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-06-02 | 岡元 敬二 | Field horticultural culturing of yam due to case |
| JPS6078518A (en) * | 1983-10-07 | 1985-05-04 | 皆川 文雄 | Yam culturing method |
| JPS63129928A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-02 | 川辺農研産業株式会社 | Culture of yam |
| CN1052235A (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1991-06-19 | 黄文华 | A kind of cultivation method of Chinese yam |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1129512A (en) | 1996-08-28 |
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